JP2007049770A - Power supply - Google Patents

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JP2007049770A
JP2007049770A JP2005228547A JP2005228547A JP2007049770A JP 2007049770 A JP2007049770 A JP 2007049770A JP 2005228547 A JP2005228547 A JP 2005228547A JP 2005228547 A JP2005228547 A JP 2005228547A JP 2007049770 A JP2007049770 A JP 2007049770A
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inverter
switching
frequency
power supply
output
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Koji Noda
浩二 野田
Naoyoshi Uesugi
通可 植杉
Takahisa Endo
隆久 遠藤
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply for quickly responding, stabilized in the entire apparatus, possibly reducing a switching loss and improving the efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: In a system linking operation, a switching operation is implemented in an inverter 10 at a higher frequency of 12 kHz, and a switching frequency of a voltage boosting chopper 4 is set to the same frequency of 12 kHz as the switching frequency of the inverter 10. In a self operation for eliminating a necessity of a linkage to a commercial power supply system, the switching operation is implemented in the inverter 10 at a lower frequency of 6 kHz, and the switching frequency of the voltage boosting chopper 4 is set to the same frequency of 6 kHz as the switching frequency of the inverter 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、太陽電池の出力をインバータにより交流に変換して負荷に供給する電源装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power supply apparatus that converts an output of a solar cell into an alternating current by an inverter and supplies the alternating current to a load.

太陽電池の出力（直流電圧）をインバータにより交流に変換して負荷に供給する電源装置の例として、インバータを商用電源系統と連系して動作させる系統連系運転、およびインバータを商用電源系統と関わりなく動作させる自立運転を可能とするものがある（例えば、特許文献１，２）。   As an example of a power supply device that converts the output (DC voltage) of a solar cell into AC by an inverter and supplies it to a load, a grid-connected operation in which the inverter is operated in conjunction with a commercial power system, and the inverter as a commercial power system There are some that can be operated independently of each other (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

系統連系運転では、太陽電池の出力が商用電源系統に供給される。自立運転では、太陽電池の出力により、家庭電化製品などの電気機器が直接的に運転される。   In the grid connection operation, the output of the solar cell is supplied to the commercial power supply system. In the self-sustained operation, electric devices such as home appliances are directly operated by the output of the solar cell.

このような電源装置では、系統連系運転時、商用電源系統との連系を確実にするため、商用電源の周波数よりも十分に高い周波数でインバータがスイッチングされる。スイッチング周波数が高いことにより、そのスイッチング周期に同期して行われる割り込み制御が頻繁となり、商用電源の状態変化などに十分に追従し得る応答性のよい制御が可能となる。自立運転では、商用電源系統との連系がそもそも不要であること、しかも図４に示すように、インバータのスイッチング周波数（ｆｃ）が低いほどスイッチング損失が減少して効率の向上が図れることから、低い周波数でインバータがスイッチングされる。
特開平８−３１７６６５号公報 特開平９−３０８２６３号公報 In such a power supply device, the inverter is switched at a frequency sufficiently higher than the frequency of the commercial power supply in order to ensure the interconnection with the commercial power supply system during the grid interconnection operation. Since the switching frequency is high, interrupt control performed in synchronization with the switching cycle becomes frequent, and control with good responsiveness that can sufficiently follow the change in the state of the commercial power supply and the like is possible. In the self-sustained operation, the connection with the commercial power supply system is unnecessary in the first place, and as shown in FIG. 4, the lower the switching frequency (fc) of the inverter, the lower the switching loss and the higher the efficiency. The inverter is switched at a low frequency.
JP-A-8-317665 JP-A-9-308263

上記の電源装置では、太陽電池の出力がスイッチングによって一旦昇圧されてからインバータに供給される。昇圧用のスイッチング周波数は、インバータのスイッチング周波数よりも低い。   In the power supply device described above, the output of the solar cell is once boosted by switching and then supplied to the inverter. The switching frequency for boosting is lower than the switching frequency of the inverter.

系統連系運転時に高い周波数でインバータがスイッチングされて、割り込み制御が頻繁になったとしても、それはインバータ側の制御についてだけのことであって、装置全体で見ると必ずしも応答性がよいとはいえない。   Even if the inverter is switched at a high frequency during grid-connected operation and interrupt control becomes frequent, it is only for the control on the inverter side, but it is not necessarily responsive to the entire device. Absent.

この発明は、上記事情を考慮したもので、装置全体にわたって応答性のよい安定した制御を可能とし、しかもスイッチング損失を極力減少できて効率の向上が図れる電源装置を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply apparatus that enables stable control with good responsiveness over the entire apparatus and that can reduce switching loss as much as possible to improve efficiency.

請求項１に係る発明の電源装置は、太陽電池の出力を昇圧手段のスイッチングにより昇圧する昇圧手段と、この昇圧手段の出力をスイッチングにより交流に変換するインバータと、このインバータを商用電源系統に連系して動作させる系統連系運転および上記商用電源系統と関わりなく動作させる自立運転を選択的に実行する制御手段と、上記インバータのスイッチング周波数を上記系統連系運転時に高い値に設定して上記自立運転時に低い値に設定するとともに、そのスイッチング周波数と同じ値に上記昇圧手段のスイッチング周波数を設定する制御手段と、を備えている。   A power supply device according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a booster that boosts the output of a solar cell by switching of the booster, an inverter that converts the output of the booster to AC by switching, and the inverter connected to a commercial power system. Control means for selectively executing grid-connected operation to operate independently and independent operation to operate regardless of the commercial power supply system, and the switching frequency of the inverter is set to a high value during the grid-connected operation. And a control means for setting the switching frequency of the boosting means to the same value as the switching frequency while setting to a low value during the self-sustaining operation.

この発明の電源装置によれば、装置全体にわたって応答性のよい安定した制御が可能となる。しかも、スイッチング損失を極力減少できて、効率の向上が図れる。   According to the power supply apparatus of the present invention, stable control with good responsiveness can be achieved over the entire apparatus. In addition, the switching loss can be reduced as much as possible, and the efficiency can be improved.

以下、この発明の一実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
図１において、１は太陽電池（ＰＶ）で、光を受けることにより、直流電圧を出力する。この出力が本発明の電源装置であるパワーコンディショナー２に供給される。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a solar cell (PV), which outputs a DC voltage by receiving light. This output is supplied to the power conditioner 2 which is the power supply device of the present invention.

パワーコンディショナー２は、太陽電池１の出力電圧が印加されるコンデンサ３、このコンデンサ３の電圧を昇圧する昇圧チョッパー４、この昇圧チョッパー４の出力を交流電圧に変換するインバータ１０を備えている。   The power conditioner 2 includes a capacitor 3 to which the output voltage of the solar cell 1 is applied, a boost chopper 4 that boosts the voltage of the capacitor 3, and an inverter 10 that converts the output of the boost chopper 4 into an AC voltage.

昇圧チョッパー４は、直流リアクトル５、トランジスタたとえばＩＧＢＴ６、逆流防止用ダイオード７、およびコンデンサ８を有するいわゆるＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータであり、主制御部であるＭＣＵ３０から供給されるＰＷＭ信号に応じてＩＧＢＴ６がオン，オフすることにより、入力電圧（直流電圧）を所定レベルの直流電圧に昇圧する。インバータ１０は、４つのトランジスタたとえばＩＧＢＴ１１，１２，１３，１４からなるフルブリッジ回路、およびＩＧＢＴ１１，１２，１３，１４にそれぞれ逆並列接続された還流ダイオードＤを有し、ＭＣＵ３０から供給されるＰＷＭ信号に応じたＩＧＢＴ１１，１２，１３，１４のオン，オフにより、入力電圧（直流電圧）を所定周波数の交流電圧に変換する。   The step-up chopper 4 is a so-called DC-DC converter having a DC reactor 5, a transistor such as an IGBT 6, a backflow prevention diode 7, and a capacitor 8, and the IGBT 6 is turned on in response to a PWM signal supplied from the MCU 30 that is a main control unit. , The input voltage (DC voltage) is boosted to a predetermined level of DC voltage. The inverter 10 has a full bridge circuit composed of four transistors, for example, IGBTs 11, 12, 13, and 14, and a free wheel diode D connected in antiparallel to the IGBTs 11, 12, 13, and 14, respectively, and a PWM signal supplied from the MCU 30 The input voltage (DC voltage) is converted into an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency by turning on and off the IGBTs 11, 12, 13, and 14 according to the above.

このインバータ１０の出力端に交流リアクトル１４を介してコンデンサ１５が接続され、そのコンデンサ１５に第１スイッチ手段たとえばリレー接点１６，１７および出力用コンデンサ１８，１９を介して系統出力端子（１００Ｖ／２００Ｖ）２０が接続されている。そして、系統出力端子２０に商用電源系統が接続され、その商用電源系統に各種電気機器が接続されている。また、上記コンデンサ１５に、第２スイッチ手段たとえばリレー接点２１および出力用コンデンサ２２を介して自立出力端子（１００Ｖ）２３が接続されている。この自立出力端子２３に、上記各種電気機器が直接的に接続されている。   A capacitor 15 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 10 via an AC reactor 14. A system output terminal (100V / 200V) is connected to the capacitor 15 via first switch means such as relay contacts 16 and 17 and output capacitors 18 and 19. ) 20 is connected. A commercial power supply system is connected to the system output terminal 20, and various electric devices are connected to the commercial power supply system. A self-supporting output terminal (100V) 23 is connected to the capacitor 15 via a second switch means such as a relay contact 21 and an output capacitor 22. The various electric devices are directly connected to the independent output terminal 23.

上記リレー接点１６，１７，１８は、ＭＣＵ３０により制御される。そして、リレー接点１６とリレー接点１７との間の通電路における系統電圧（および周波数）、太陽電池１の出力電圧・電流、および昇圧チョッパー４の昇圧電圧が、それぞれＭＣＵ３０により監視される。ＭＣＵ３０には、さらに、運転切替スウィッチ３１および表示部３２が接続されている。   The relay contacts 16, 17, 18 are controlled by the MCU 30. Then, the system voltage (and frequency) in the energization path between the relay contact 16 and the relay contact 17, the output voltage / current of the solar cell 1, and the boost voltage of the boost chopper 4 are monitored by the MCU 30. An operation switching switch 31 and a display unit 32 are further connected to the MCU 30.

ＭＣＵ３０は、主要な機能として、次の（１）（２）の手段を有している。
（１）運転切替スウィッチ３１の操作に応じて、インバータ１０を商用電源系統に連系して動作させる系統連系運転および商用電源系統と関わりなく動作させる自立運転を選択的に実行する制御手段。
（２）インバータ１０のスイッチング周波数を系統連系運転時に高い値に設定して自立運転時に低い値に設定するとともに、そのスイッチング周波数と同じ値に昇圧チョッパー４のスイッチング周波数を設定する制御手段。 The MCU 30 has the following means (1) and (2) as main functions.
(1) Control means for selectively executing, in accordance with an operation of the operation switching switch 31, a grid interconnection operation that causes the inverter 10 to operate in conjunction with the commercial power system and a self-sustained operation that operates regardless of the commercial power system.
(2) Control means for setting the switching frequency of the step-up chopper 4 to the same value as the switching frequency while setting the switching frequency of the inverter 10 to a high value during the grid connection operation and to a low value during the independent operation.

つぎに、上記の構成の作用を図２の信号波形図および図３のフローチャートを参照しながら説明する。
図２に示すように、正弦波状電圧の指令信号と三角波状電圧のキャリア信号との電圧比較により、パルス波状電圧のＰＷＭ信号が生成される。このＰＷＭ信号は、周波数がキャリア信号の周波数と一致し、パルス幅（オン，オフデューティ）が指令信号の電圧レベルに応じて変化する。 Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described with reference to the signal waveform diagram of FIG. 2 and the flowchart of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, a pulse wave voltage PWM signal is generated by voltage comparison between a sinusoidal voltage command signal and a triangular wave voltage carrier signal. The frequency of the PWM signal matches the frequency of the carrier signal, and the pulse width (on / off duty) changes according to the voltage level of the command signal.

こうして、昇圧チョッパー４を駆動するためのＰＷＭ信号が生成されるとともに、インバータ１０を駆動するためのＰＷＭ信号が生成される。   Thus, a PWM signal for driving the step-up chopper 4 is generated and a PWM signal for driving the inverter 10 is generated.

運転切替スウィッチ３１で系統連系運転が設定されると、インバータ１０用のＰＷＭ信号を生成するためのキャリア信号の周波数ｆが高めの１２ｋＨｚに設定されるとともに、昇圧チョッパー４用のＰＷＭ信号を生成するためのキャリア信号の周波数ｆが同じ１２ｋＨｚに設定される。こうして、昇圧チョッパー４およびインバータ１０が共に１２ｋＨｚの周波数でスイッチングされ、そのインバータ１０の出力による系統連系運転が開始される。   When the grid connection operation is set by the operation switch 31, the carrier signal frequency f for generating the PWM signal for the inverter 10 is set to a higher 12 kHz, and the PWM signal for the boost chopper 4 is generated. The frequency f of the carrier signal for this is set to the same 12 kHz. In this way, the boost chopper 4 and the inverter 10 are both switched at a frequency of 12 kHz, and the grid interconnection operation by the output of the inverter 10 is started.

系統連系運転では、初めに、リレー接点１６がオフの状態でリレー接点１７がオンされ、リレー接点１６とリレー接点１７との間の通電路において商用電源系統の電圧および周波数がチェックされる。この系統電圧および系統周波数が規定の範囲内に収まったまま、一定の連系待機時間（例えば３００秒）が経過すると、商用電源系統が正常であるとの判断の下に、リレー接点１６がオンされる。これにより、インバータ１０の出力が商用電源系統に供給される。   In the grid connection operation, first, the relay contact 17 is turned on while the relay contact 16 is turned off, and the voltage and frequency of the commercial power system are checked in the energization path between the relay contact 16 and the relay contact 17. When a certain grid standby time (for example, 300 seconds) elapses while the system voltage and system frequency are within the specified ranges, the relay contact 16 is turned on under the judgment that the commercial power system is normal. Is done. As a result, the output of the inverter 10 is supplied to the commercial power supply system.

この系統連系運転時、系統電圧が所定値以上上昇した場合には、インバータ１０から商用電源系統に無効電力を注入する無効電力注入制御が実行され、これにより系統電圧の上昇が抑制される。   During the grid interconnection operation, when the system voltage increases by a predetermined value or more, reactive power injection control for injecting reactive power from the inverter 10 to the commercial power supply system is executed, thereby suppressing an increase in the system voltage.

また、系統連系運転時、昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が監視されており、負荷側の電力消費の増大などによって昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が下降すると、昇圧チョッパー４用のＰＷＭ信号のオン，オフデューティが増大されて、昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が上昇方向に調整される。   Further, during the grid connection operation, the output voltage of the boost chopper 4 is monitored. When the output voltage of the boost chopper 4 decreases due to an increase in power consumption on the load side, the PWM signal for the boost chopper 4 is turned on / off. The duty is increased, and the output voltage of the boost chopper 4 is adjusted in the increasing direction.

運転切替スウィッチ３１で運転停止が指示されると、昇圧チョッパー４およびインバータ１０の駆動が停止される。これにより、系統連系運転が終了する。   When operation stop is instructed by the operation switching switch 31, the drive of the boost chopper 4 and the inverter 10 is stopped. Thereby, the grid connection operation is completed.

一方、運転切替スウィッチ３１で自立運転が設定されると、インバータ１０用のＰＷＭ信号を生成するためのキャリア信号の周波数ｆが低めの６ｋＨｚに設定されるとともに、昇圧チョッパー４用のＰＷＭ信号を生成するためのキャリア信号の周波数ｆが同じ６ｋＨｚに設定される。こうして、昇圧チョッパー４およびインバータ１０が共に６ｋＨｚの周波数でスイッチングされ、そのインバータ１０の出力による自立運転が開始される。   On the other hand, when the independent operation is set by the operation switching switch 31, the frequency f of the carrier signal for generating the PWM signal for the inverter 10 is set to a lower 6 kHz, and the PWM signal for the boost chopper 4 is generated. The frequency f of the carrier signal for this is set to the same 6 kHz. In this way, the boost chopper 4 and the inverter 10 are both switched at a frequency of 6 kHz, and the self-sustained operation by the output of the inverter 10 is started.

自立運転では、リレー接点２１がオンされ、インバータ１０の出力が電気機器に直接的に供給される。   In the independent operation, the relay contact 21 is turned on, and the output of the inverter 10 is directly supplied to the electric device.

また、この自立運転時、昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が監視されており、負荷側の電力消費の増大などによって昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が下降すると、昇圧チョッパー４用のＰＷＭ信号のオン，オフデューティが増大されて、昇圧チョッパー４の出力電圧が上昇方向に調整される。   Further, during this self-sustained operation, the output voltage of the boost chopper 4 is monitored. When the output voltage of the boost chopper 4 decreases due to an increase in power consumption on the load side, the duty cycle of the PWM signal for the boost chopper 4 is turned on and off. Is increased, and the output voltage of the step-up chopper 4 is adjusted in the upward direction.

運転切替スウィッチ３１で運転停止が指示されると、昇圧チョッパー４およびインバータ１０の駆動が停止される。これにより、自立運転が終了する。   When operation stop is instructed by the operation switching switch 31, the drive of the boost chopper 4 and the inverter 10 is stopped. Thereby, self-sustained operation is completed.

以上のように、系統連系運転では、インバータ１０が商用電源の周波数よりも十分に高い周波数１２ｋＨｚでスイッチングされることにより、そのスイッチング周期に同期して行われる割り込み制御が頻繁となり、商用電源の状態変化などに十分に追従し得る応答性のよい制御が可能となる。しかも、昇圧チョッパー４のスイッチング周波数がインバータ１０のスイッチング周波数と同じ１２ｋＨｚに設定されるので、インバータ１０の制御に昇圧チョッパー４の制御が応答性よく追従することになり（ちぐはぐな動作がなくなり）、パワーコンディショナー２の全体にわたって応答性のよい安定した制御が可能となる。   As described above, in the grid connection operation, the inverter 10 is switched at a frequency of 12 kHz sufficiently higher than the frequency of the commercial power supply, so that interrupt control performed in synchronization with the switching cycle becomes frequent, and the commercial power supply Control with good responsiveness that can sufficiently follow the state change or the like is possible. Moreover, since the switching frequency of the step-up chopper 4 is set to 12 kHz, which is the same as the switching frequency of the inverter 10, the control of the step-up chopper 4 follows the control of the inverter 10 with good responsiveness (there is no short operation), Stable control with good response is possible over the entire power conditioner 2.

商用電源系統との連系が不要な自立運転時は、インバータ１０が低い周波数６ｋＨｚでスイッチングされることにより、スイッチング損失が減少して効率の向上が図れる。しかも、この場合、昇圧チョッパー４のスイッチング周波数がインバータ１０のスイッチング周波数と同じ６ｋＨｚに設定されるので、インバータ１０の制御に昇圧チョッパー４の制御が応答性よく追従することになり（ちぐはぐな動作がなくなり）、パワーコンディショナー２の全体にわたって応答性のよい安定した制御が可能となる。   At the time of self-sustained operation that does not require connection with a commercial power supply system, the inverter 10 is switched at a low frequency of 6 kHz, so that switching loss is reduced and efficiency can be improved. In addition, in this case, since the switching frequency of the boost chopper 4 is set to 6 kHz, which is the same as the switching frequency of the inverter 10, the control of the boost chopper 4 follows the control of the inverter 10 with good responsiveness. Therefore, stable control with good responsiveness is possible over the entire power conditioner 2.

なお、この発明は、上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment.

この発明の一実施形態の構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of this invention. 一実施形態におけるＰＷＭ信号の生成を説明するための信号波形図。The signal wave form diagram for demonstrating the production | generation of the PWM signal in one Embodiment. 一実施形態の作用を説明するためのフローチャート。The flowchart for demonstrating the effect | action of one Embodiment. 一実施形態におけるインバータのスイッチング周波数と効率の関係を示す図。The figure which shows the switching frequency and efficiency relationship of the inverter in one Embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…太陽電池、２…パワーコンディショナー（電源装置）、４…昇圧チョッパー（昇圧手段）、１０…インバータ、１６，１７，２１…リレー接点、２０…系統出力端子、２３…自立出力端子、３０…ＭＣＵ   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar cell, 2 ... Power conditioner (power supply device), 4 ... Boost chopper (boost means), 10 ... Inverter, 16, 17, 21 ... Relay contact, 20 ... System | strain output terminal, 23 ... Independent output terminal, 30 ... MCU

Claims (2)

太陽電池の出力をスイッチングにより昇圧する昇圧手段と、この昇圧手段の出力をスイッチングにより交流に変換するインバータと、このインバータを商用電源系統に連系して動作させる系統連系運転および前記商用電源系統と関わりなく動作させる自立運転を選択的に実行する制御手段と、前記インバータのスイッチング周波数を前記系統連系運転時に高い値に設定して前記自立運転時に低い値に設定するとともに、そのスイッチング周波数と同じ値に前記昇圧手段のスイッチング周波数を設定する制御手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする電源装置。 Boosting means for boosting the output of the solar cell by switching, an inverter for converting the output of the boosting means to alternating current by switching, a grid-connected operation for operating the inverter linked to a commercial power system, and the commercial power system A control means for selectively executing a self-sustained operation that is operated regardless of the switching frequency of the inverter, and a switching frequency of the inverter is set to a high value during the grid connection operation and set to a low value during the self-sustained operation. And a control means for setting the switching frequency of the boosting means to the same value. 前記インバータの出力を前記商用電源系統に出力するための系統出力端子と、前記インバータの出力を機器の運転用に出力するための自立出力端子と、前記インバータの出力端と前記系統出力端子との間に設けられた第１スイッチ手段と、前記インバータの出力端と前記自立出力端子との間に設けられた第２スイッチ手段とを備え、前記制御手段は、前記系統運転時に第１スイッチ手段を導通させ、前記自立運転時に第２スイッチ手段を導通させる、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電源装置。 A system output terminal for outputting the output of the inverter to the commercial power supply system, a self-supporting output terminal for outputting the output of the inverter for operation of the device, an output terminal of the inverter, and the system output terminal A first switch means provided between the inverter and a second switch means provided between the output terminal of the inverter and the self-supporting output terminal, and the control means controls the first switch means during the system operation. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device is electrically connected and the second switch means is electrically connected during the independent operation.
JP2005228547A 2005-08-05 2005-08-05 Power supply Abandoned JP2007049770A (en)

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