JP2007043882A - Single-phase ac induction motor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a single-phase induction motor where the number of revolutions are independent of the angular frequency of the AC power supply. <P>SOLUTION: When induction from a coil to another coil is used, electromagnetic induction by resonance is utilized. By controlling this by switching, it is configured so that only the resonance angular frequency on rotor side is affected by power supply angular frequency. When a capacitor is driven by inductive electric field from the coil, a rotational force in one direction can be obtained and its revolutions can be made independent of the angular frequency of the power supply, by making the angular frequency of the electric charge produced in the capacitor equal to the ones of the inductive magnetic field and making the phase difference zero or 180 degrees. When an electromagnet is driven in the inductive magnetic field that is produced, when the electric flux of the capacitor changes with time, the rotational force in one direction can be obtained and its revolutions can be made independent of the angular frequency of the power supply, by making the angular frequency of a current flowing in the capacitor equal to the ones of magnetic flux of the electromagnet and making a phase difference zero or 180 degrees. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to the field of induction motors that operate by electromagnetic induction.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when a capacitor is connected in parallel to the secondary coil of the transformer, the angular frequency of the current flowing in the primary coil, and the resonant angular frequency of the parallel resonant circuit formed by the secondary coil and the capacitor connected thereto. Is based on the experimental fact already known that the power reception efficiency on the secondary coil side is maximized when
Further, the apparatus according to claims 2 to 4 is that the electric field is induced from the time change of the magnetic field and the magnetic field is induced from the time change of the electric field, which is the essence of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction or the propagation of the electromagnetic wave. Based on physical facts.

  Conventional induction motors have a structure that artificially creates a rotating magnetic field by two or more phases of multi-phase alternating current, but in these motors, the rotational speed of the rotor is synchronized with the AC angular frequency of the power supply. It was necessary, and had a problem that the output dropped when out of sync.

  There are several combinations of a coil and a capacitor, which are a coil and a coil (Claim 1), a coil and a capacitor (Claims 2 and 3), and a capacitor and a coil (Claim 4).

2. In the case of the combination of claim 1 wherein the coil is the primary side of the induction and likewise the coil is the secondary side of the induction in order to maintain the rotational speed of the rotor independently of the angular frequency of the power supply. It is effective to control this by turning on and off the connection between the secondary coil on the child side and the capacitor.
Thereby, the angular frequency of the power source only affects the efficiency of electromagnetic induction, and can be independent of the rotational speed.

In the case of claim 2 where the coil is the primary side of the induction and the capacitor is the secondary side of the induction, it is based on the following calculation. Here, it is assumed that a single-pole capacitor is used for the rotor.
Let L ₁ (H) be the self-inductance of the primary coil, and L ₂ (H) be the self-inductance of the secondary coil that is wound once by the trajectory drawn by the monopolar capacitor by the rotation of the rotor.
The primary coil is an ns winding coil having a winding number n (/ m) per unit length, a distance s (m) between both ends, a magnetic permeability μ (H / m), and a radius r (m) of the cross section. The next coil is wound once with the number of turns 1 / s (/ m) per unit length, the distance s (m) between both ends, the permeability μ (H / m), and the radius r (m) of the rotor. Coil.
At this time, each self-inductance and the ratio thereof are as follows. In the formula, k (r, s) is a Nagaoka coefficient with r and s as variables. Here, for the sake of simplicity, the shapes of the primary coil and the secondary coil are the same except for the number of turns per unit length. Therefore, the value of the Nagaoka coefficient is equal to L ₁ and L ₂ .
L ₁ = πr ² μn ² sk (r, s)
L ₂ = πr ² μk (r, s) / s
L ₂ = L ₁ / n ² s ²
Assuming that the share of magnetic energy between the primary coil and the secondary coil is one hundred percent, and the voltage V applied to both ends of the primary coil is V = V ₀ cos ωt, where AC is the angular frequency ω, The resulting mutual induced electromotive force V ₁ is
V ₁ = −V ₀ cos ωt / ns
It becomes.
The induced electromotive force is generated when an electric field is generated along the coil conductor due to a time change of the magnetic field, and an electrostatic force is generated in the electrons by the electric field. In the case of this motor, the rotor's single-pole capacitor replaces the electrons.
Therefore, since the length of the electric conduction path on L _{2 where the} potential difference is generated is 2πr, the electric field strength E generated in L ₂ is
E ₌ -V 0 cosωt / 2πrns
It becomes. By the way, the strength of the electric field generated in the primary coil is the same because the total extension of the electric conduction path is 2π rns because the number of turns of the coil is ns.
The electric charge stored in the capacitor has the same phase as V or a phase difference of 180 degrees. This means that a phase difference of 180 degrees simply means polarity reversal, and as a result, it is synonymous with being in phase with the power supply voltage in any case.
Therefore, if the charge Q stored in the capacitor is Q = Q ₀ cosωt, where Q ₀ is an arbitrary constant (unit is coulomb), the electrostatic force F applied to the monopolar capacitor by the induction electric field is
F = QE = −Q ₀ V ₀ cos ² ωt / 2πrns
Since the cosine is square, this value does not always change in sign. In other words, the force is directed in one direction. This indicates that the rotation of the rotor is always in one direction.
Assuming that F is a time averaged value f, the value is
f = −Q ₀ V ₀ / 4πrns
It is. Here, the current I flowing through the primary coil and the _{I 0} as a constant (the unit _ampere), and _I = I 0 sin .omega.t, power effective value _{W rms} of being transferred from the primary _coil, V _{0 I} 0/2 It becomes.
Therefore, if the angular speed of rotation of the rotor is ω ₀ and the speed v of the single-pole capacitor attached to the rotor is v = r _{ω 0} ,
_{W rms = fv = V 0 I} 0/2 = - ω0 Q 0 V 0 / 4πns
And solving for _ω0 gives
_ω0 = -2πnsI ₀ / Q ₀
Is obtained. This equation indicates that the rotational speed of the rotor does not depend on the angular frequency of the power source because the magnitude of the current depends only on the voltage when the angular frequency of the power source is fixed. In other words, this induction motor has excellent characteristics that it operates in a single phase, can rotate at a rotational speed independent of the angular frequency of the power source, and can control the rotational speed by voltage. Yes.

The case of claim 3 uses a bipolar plate capacitor in order to reduce the size because the single-pole capacitor has a small capacitance.
In a bipolar plate capacitor, the sign of the charge is different for each plate. For this reason, even if it is normally placed in the electric field of the primary coil, the electrostatic forces cancel each other in the opposite directions.
Therefore, by making the surface shape of the electrode plate a curved surface and changing the surface area of the electrode plate depending on the electrode plate, even if two electrode plates are placed simultaneously in one electric field, the electrostatic force will be in one direction. Try to face.

  The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the capacitor is the primary side and the coil is the secondary side, since the coil and the capacitor are simply replaced, basically the coil is the primary side and the capacitor is the secondary side. , Have the same properties as in the case of claim 3.

  It can be driven by a single-phase AC power source with a fixed angular frequency, and the number of rotations can be controlled by voltage or current. Therefore, control is easy, and no special power source is required. be able to.

In the cases of claims 2 to 4, the charge and magnetic flux on the rotor side can be generated by reactive power. In that case, the voltage is invalidated and the current is validated in the magnetic flux, and the current is invalidated and the voltage is validated in the charge.
As a result, when the torque and the number of rotations are controlled by the amount of electric charges and magnetic flux on the rotor side, the supplied power can be invalidated, so that the power consumption can be reduced only to the loss at the resistor.
In all cases of claims 1 to 4, the torque and the rotational speed can be independently controlled by using a primary coil or a primary capacitor as a resonance circuit. This is based on the fact that invalid magnetic flux or invalid electric charge due to reactive current or reactive voltage does not react with an effective magnetic field or electric field. For example, when a coil is on the primary side, a capacitor is placed in parallel with the coil. By connecting or disconnecting, it is possible to control to reduce or increase only the amount of effective current flowing into the primary coil while keeping the voltage constant.
This makes it possible to control the exchange of torque and rotational speed by inversely proportional to voltage and current with respect to constant output, which is opposite to the traditional law of voltage and current based on Ohm's law, where torque and rotational speed are exchanged at a constant output. become.

FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of the present invention according to claim 1 in which a coil is formed on a rotor.
The rotor itself is formed of a magnetic material that is electrically conductive and is connected to the capacitor by a brush. The reason there are two brushes on each pole is to keep the capacitor and rotor connected at all times.
5 is the angle of the parallel resonant circuit based on the value of the self-inductance of the coil formed by the electric conduction path 5 (this is L) and the capacitance of the capacitor to which it is connected via the brush (this is C). By making the frequency (LC) ^-1/2 coincide with the angular frequency of the magnetic flux generated at 1, the power reception efficiency of L is maximized, and only the repulsive force is conveniently extracted. The disconnection / connection of the electric conduction path 5 and C on the child is switched.
Thereby, a rotational force is given to the rotor.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the present invention according to claim 1 in which a coil is arranged on a rotor and is sequentially connected to a capacitor so that a repulsive force is generated between the coil and the primary coil.
6 is arranged and fixed in 2 and they repel 1 by electromagnetic induction.
When 2 rotates and 6 comes to the position where it is desired to take out this repulsive force, 4 and 6 are connected by 3. 4 and 6 are set so as to satisfy ω = (LC) ^−1/2 , where C is the capacitance of 4 and L is the self-inductance of 6 and ω is the angular frequency of the magnetic flux generated in 1. .
Two circular rails in contact with 3 are integrated with 2 and connected to form an electrical conduction path between 6 and 4. One of the rails is divided and plays a role of switching the switch so that only 6 having a good positional relationship with 1 is connected to 4.
Actually, since the magnetic substance of 1 influences the value of the self-inductance of 6 due to the change of the distance between 6 and 1, the rotational direction of 2 is set so that the self-inductance of 6 does not change while a current flows through 6. It is desirable that the magnetic material be present near 6 along the line.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the present invention according to claim 2 in which a rotor to which a single-pole capacitor is attached is rotated by electromagnetic induction from a coil.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a rotor having a magnetic body as a center and 7 fixed thereto.
In contrast to the magnetic flux having the angular frequency ω generated in 1, a voltage having a phase shift of plus 90 degrees to minus 90 degrees with the magnetic flux at the same angular frequency is applied to 7, and charges are stored accordingly.
The induced electric field in the direction along the coil conductor generated by the time-varying magnetic flux is similarly generated in the magnetic flux passing through the two magnetic bodies, and the electrostatic force generated between the induced electric field and the monopolar capacitor causes 2 to be 2 Rotate in one direction.
In this figure, 2 are attached two before and after 1, but each holds a charge generated by applying a phase difference of 180 degrees, that is, a positive and negative potential at the same phase. When looking from one to the other, the magnetic flux is reversed and the sign of the charge is also reversed. As a result, the rotation directions of these two two are aligned in one direction.
2 rotates along the path represented by 8 oval arrows. 2 can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions by reversing the direction of the magnetic flux generated in 1.

FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram of the present invention according to claim 3 in which the rotor is rotated by an electrostatic force between the electric charge stored in the bipolar plate capacitor and the induction electric field of the primary coil.
Reference numeral 9 denotes a multilayer cylindrical capacitor having two electrode plates each having an asymmetrical shape. The electric field in a direction parallel to the surface of the 10 electrode plates, that is, induction from the primary coil due to the asymmetry of the electrode plate shape. With respect to the electric field, the electric charge of 10 is 90 degrees because the electric flux on the surface of the electrode plate and the induction electric field are 90 degrees, so that the inner product is zero, that is, no electrostatic force is generated. Since the component in the direction parallel to the induction electric field in the electric flux is not zero, similarly, the inner product with the induction electric field is not zero, so that an electrostatic force is generated, and the one generated between the induction electric field and the electric charge held by 12 is generated. The electrostatic force directed in the direction is taken out as a torque for rotating 2.
8 is the rotation direction of 2. This is the direction along the circumference of 1 as in the case of FIG. 3, and the rotation direction of 2 can also be reversed by reversing the direction of the magnetic flux.
The inside of 9 is enlarged inside the square frame. In order from the bottom, 10, 11, 12, 11, 10,... Are repeated.
9 may have a structure in which a long film stacked in the order of 10, 11, 12, and 11 is wound around a magnetic body that is the central axis of 2 as long as the overlapping order is the same as the combination of 10, 11, and 12. This is more practical for ease of making.

FIG. 5 shows a conceptual diagram of the present invention according to claim 4 in which the capacitor is the primary side and the electromagnet is the rotor.
13 is a laminated type in which electrode plates are alternately stacked. In order to bias the electric flux in one direction, the ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric (insulator) are alternately arranged according to the direction of the electric flux. Create a stacking structure.
Then, only the electric flux generated in the ferroelectric material is taken out, and the arrangement between the electrode plates is controlled so that they are oriented in one direction just like the magnetic flux generated in the coil inside 13. .
2 (in this case, an electromagnet generating a magnetic flux having a phase difference equal to or equal to 180 degrees of the current flowing through 13) is rotated in one direction by an induced magnetic field generated by time-varying the electric flux.

FIG. 6 shows a conceptual diagram of the apparatus of the present invention when controlling using resonance.
Although 2 is a rotor, it is a capacitor itself in which one of the plates is made the same as 10 and the other plate is made 12. Therefore, the electrostatic force acting between the induced electric field from 1 generated in the direction along one conductor acts only on the charge on the electrode plate as shown in 12 and rotates along the path indicated by 8. . The direction of rotation can be reversed in reverse by switching the polarity of the power source connected to 1.
Reference numeral 22 denotes a capacitor such that (2LC) ^−1/2 = ω, where C is the capacitance and L is the self-inductance of L. Therefore, when 17 is connected, the effective current supplied from 21 to 1 is halved, and only the torque generated at 12 can be halved while maintaining the voltage applied to both ends of 1. Thereby, it is possible to control a torque and rotation speed independently.
For more precise control, set C to a small value, connect them in parallel with 1 and control the current amount in a quantum (stepwise) by switching, or change the capacitance of 22 itself. Replace with something or take one of the methods.
When a transformer (magnetically coupled 18 and 19) is used to apply voltage to 2, the resonance frequency of the resonance circuits 2 and 18 is made equal to ω. In addition, if the resonance frequency of the parallel resonance circuit of 20 and 19 is also made equal to ω, only a reactive current flows through 19 and, as a result, 2 is effective without consuming effective power. AC voltage can be applied.
Thereby, waste of power consumption can be reduced.
At this time, the transformers 18 and 19 can be regarded as the same as the non-contact brush by making the 19 conductors overlap and wind outside the 18 fixed to the rotating shaft together with the rotor. .

  It can be used for a wide range of applications from low power for home use to high output for electric vehicles. In particular, since the torque and the number of revolutions can be controlled independently, reduction in power consumption can be expected by exchanging the torque and the number of revolutions at the time of starting and high speed driving in an electric vehicle.

  This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention based on claim 1 in which the coil is the primary side and the secondary coil appears continuously on the rotor.   This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention based on claim 1 in which the coil is the primary side and the secondary coil is arranged and fixed on the rotor.   This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention based on claim 2 in which the coil is the primary side and a single pole capacitor is fixed to the rotor for generating torque.   This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention based on claim 3 in which the coil is the primary side and a bipolar plate capacitor is fixed to the rotor for torque generation.   This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention based on claim 4 in which a capacitor is used as the primary side and an electromagnet is used as a rotor for generating torque.   This is a conceptual diagram of the present invention having a structure in which a coil is a primary side, a capacitor is fixed to a rotor for generating torque, and control and power consumption are reduced by resonance.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Primary coil 2 Rotor 3 Brush 4 Power-receiving capacitor 5 Current path 6 formed on the rotor 6 Secondary coil 7 on the rotor side Unipolar capacitor 8 with dielectric body Rotation direction 9 of the rotor Bipolar plate cylindrical multilayer capacitor 10 by electrode plate Electrode plate 11 Dielectric film 12 Surface plate is larger than 10 and surface is curved. Electrode plate paired with 10 Primary capacitor combining a ferroelectric material and a non-ferroelectric material 14 Planar electrode plate 15 Ferroelectric material 16 Non-ferroelectric material (insulator)
17 Switch 18 Transformer secondary coil 19 Transformer primary coil 20 Capacitor 21 Single-phase AC power source 22 with angular frequency ω Capacitor

Claims (4)

A: Coil R having a self-inductance L ₁ (H) and connected to an AC power supply having an angular frequency ω R; Coil R having a self-inductance L ₂ attached to the rotor B; R; ω ² = 1 / Capacitor with capacitance C satisfying CL _{2 For} A, R, B, and C defined as above, when B is at a position where the repulsive force due to electromagnetic induction from A is desired to be extracted, When the electrical conduction path is connected, conversely, R rotates by the repulsive force and the relative position of A and B changes, and when B comes to the position where the repulsive force between A and A is desired to disappear. A single-phase AC induction motor that rotates R by cutting the electrical conduction path between B and C. A: A coil having a self-inductance L ₁ (H) and connected to an AC power supply having an angular frequency ω R; a rotor Q; having the same phase as the voltage applied to both ends of A or a phase difference of 180 degrees charge C _1; attached to _R, Q is defined as above capacitors unipolar held a, R, Q, for C, the electric field caused by the time variation of the magnetic flux occurring in the a and C A single-phase alternating current induction motor that rotates R by electrostatic force acting during ₁ . A: A coil having a self-inductance L ₁ (H) and connected to an AC power supply having an angular frequency ω R; a rotor Q; having the same phase as the voltage applied to both ends of A or a phase difference of 180 degrees Charge C ₂ : The electrode plate was processed to have a surface shape that generates a non-zero magnitude of electrostatic force in one direction when placed in a steady electric field facing in one direction with a steady charge stored , Q and the bipolar plate capacitor attached to R. For A, R, Q, and C ₂ defined as above, the electric field generated by the time change of the magnetic flux generated in A and C ₂ Single-phase AC induction motor that rotates R by electrostatic force acting between the two. C ₃ ; Capacitor C ₃ (F), a capacitor connected to an AC power supply with an angular frequency ω R; Rotor Φ; Same phase as current flowing in C ₃ , or 180 degree phase difference Magnetic flux B: Coil attached to R and holding Φ Magnetic flux generated by time-varying the electric flux generated in C ₃ for C ₃ , R, Φ, and B defined as above A single-phase alternating current induction motor that rotates R by the magnetic force acting between B and B.