JP2007015081A - Compound working machine and machining method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound working machine for efficiently machining various kinds of workpieces by efficiently combining cutting tools of a working machine of a single function with high versatility, and a machining method using the machine. <P>SOLUTION: This compound working machine has the bar-shaped first cutting tool 11 having a blade part 14 at a distal end, the second cutting tool 12 having a cylindrical blade part 15 having distal end surface and surrounding side surface as cutting surfaces and rotatable around a center shaft C2 of the cylindrical blade part 15, and the third cutting tool 13 which is a disc-shaped cutting tool having a blade part 16 on an outer peripheral surface and rotatable around a center shaft C3 of the disc. In the first cutting tool 11, the blade part 14 is capable of advancing/retreating in the direction perpendicular to a spindle surface including a spindle C1 to be a rotary shaft of the workpiece 3 and moving in the direction perpendicular to the advancing/retreating direction within plane including the advancing/retreating direction. The second cutting tool 12 is capable of advancing/retreating along the center shaft and moving in the direction perpendicular to the advancing/retreating direction within plane including the advancing/retreating direction. In the third cutting tool 13, the center shaft is in parallel with the spindle C1 and is capable of advancing/retreating in relation to the spindle C1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a combined processing machine having a plurality of cutting tools having different processing forms and a method for processing a crankshaft and a camshaft of an internal combustion engine using the same.

  Conventionally, when machining the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine from a round bar material, three types of cutting tools as shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 have been used.

  FIG. 14 shows a rod-shaped fixed narrow blade (bite) 2 having a blade 1 at the tip. The narrow blade 2 is mounted on a lathe or a similar machine tool. A crankshaft 3 that is a workpiece (workpiece) includes a journal 4 serving as a center of rotation, a crank web 5 concentric with the journal 4 (the figure shows the shape of the intermediate stage of the crank web), and a crank web 5 It is comprised by the crankpin 6 which connects these. The ends of the journals 4 on both sides are chucked and set on a spindle stock (not shown). The center axis of the journal coincides with the main axis C1, and the crankshaft 3 rotates as indicated by the arrow A around the main axis C1.

  Here, the operation of the narrow cutter 2 will be described with the direction of the main axis C1 as the X direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction as the Y direction, and the height direction as the Z direction. The cutting tool 2 can advance and retreat as indicated by an arrow P in a direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the main axis plane (ZX plane) including the main axis C1, and as indicated by an arrow Q in a direction perpendicular to this advance / retreat direction (Z direction). Can be moved to. Further, the tool post can move in the X direction along the main axis C1.

The cutting tool (bite) 2 can cut the outer peripheral surfaces of the journal 4 and the crankpin 6.
When the outer peripheral surface of the journal 4 is cut, the cutting is performed with the central axis of the journal 4 set to coincide with the main axis C1.

  When cutting the outer peripheral surface of the crankpin 6, the crankshaft 3 is set and ground with the central axis of the crankpin 6 aligned with the main shaft C1. Alternatively, the crank pin 6 is eccentrically rotated with the central axis of the journal 4 being coincident with the main axis C1, and the outer peripheral surface of the crankpin 6 is cut while controlling the movement of the blade 2 so as to follow this eccentric rotation. In any case, setting and tracking control to eccentric rotation are troublesome and production efficiency is low.

  FIG. 15 shows a small-diameter rotary blade 8 having a cylindrical blade portion 7 similar to this, such as a milling cutter, an end mill, or a drill, at the tip. The blade portion 7 is rotatable as indicated by an arrow B around the central axis C2 of the cylinder. A blade is provided on the peripheral side surface and the front end surface of the blade portion 7. The rotary blade 8 is mounted on a milling machine or a similar machine tool. The crankshaft 3 which is a work is the same as the example of FIG.

The rotary blade 8 can cut the outer peripheral surfaces of the journal 4 and the crankpin 6. Further, the rotary blade 8 can process the web surface (shaded portion) of the crank web 5.
When cutting the outer peripheral surface of the journal 4, cutting is performed on the tip surface of the blade portion 7 in a state where the central axis of the journal 4 is set to coincide with the main axis C1.

When cutting the outer peripheral surface of the crankpin 6, the crankshaft 3 is set and cut with the central axis of the crankpin 6 aligned with the main shaft C1. Alternatively, the crank pin 6 is eccentrically rotated with the central axis of the journal 4 being coincident with the main axis C1, and the crank pin 6 is moved at the tip surface of the blade portion 7 while controlling the movement of the rotary blade 8 so as to follow this eccentric rotation. Cut the outer peripheral surface of. In any case, setting and follow-up control to eccentric rotation are troublesome, and since only the tip end surface of the blade portion 7 can be processed, the production efficiency is low.
The web surface of the crank web 5 is cut by the side surface of the blade portion 7 of the rotary blade 8.

  FIG. 16 shows a disk-shaped large-diameter rotary blade 10 having a blade portion 9 on the outer peripheral surface. The rotary blade 10 can rotate as indicated by an arrow C around the central axis C3 of the disk. The rotation center axis C3 is parallel to the main axis C1 and can advance and retreat in the Y direction as indicated by an arrow R with respect to the main axis C.

  Such a rotary blade 10 is usually mounted on a pin mirror that processes a crankpin. The outer peripheral surface of the crankpin 6 is machined while controlling the position of the rotary blade 10 following the crankpin 6 of the crankshaft 3 that rotates eccentrically around the main shaft C1. However, such a pin mirror has a single function, and when processing a crankpin that rotates eccentrically from a round bar material, it can be efficiently processed and the productivity is improved, but it is expensive because priority is given to the processing of the crankpin. When a large initial cost and installation location are required and other workpieces are taken into consideration, the overall operation rate decreases, and it is impossible to efficiently cope with fluctuations in production quantity, resulting in a decrease in productivity.

  The present invention takes the above-mentioned conventional technology into consideration, and efficiently combines various blades of a single-function processing machine to efficiently process various workpieces, and is highly versatile, particularly a crank that rotates eccentrically, such as a crankshaft. The purpose is to provide a multi-tasking machine that can efficiently work on a work with a pin or a work with a non-circular cam, such as a camshaft, with a single processing machine and increase the operating rate and productivity. To do.

  The invention of claim 1 has a rod-shaped first cutting tool having a blade portion at the tip, and a cylindrical blade portion having a tip surface and a peripheral side surface as a cutting surface, and is rotatable around the central axis of the cylindrical blade portion. A multi-tasking machine having a second cutting tool and a third cutting tool which is a disk-shaped cutting tool having a blade portion on the outer peripheral surface and is rotatable about the central axis of the disk, wherein the first cutting tool includes: The blade portion can move forward and backward in a direction perpendicular to a main shaft surface including a main shaft serving as a rotation axis of the workpiece, and can move in a direction perpendicular to the forward and backward direction in a plane including the forward and backward direction. The third cutting tool is movable in a direction perpendicular to the advancing and retreating direction within a plane including the advancing and retreating direction, and the third cutting tool has a central axis parallel to the main axis and the main axis. Provided is a multi-task machine capable of moving forward and backward.

  The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the second cutting tool can be arranged at a position where its central axis is perpendicular to and inclined with respect to the main axis.

  The invention of claim 3 is a machining method using the multi-tasking machine of claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece is a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a round bar material is set on a main shaft, and the workpiece is A journal between the crank webs is formed by the first cutting tool, and then the crank pin and the crank web are roughly processed by the third cutting tool while the material is set, and then the material is set, A crankshaft machining method is provided, wherein the crank web is finished with a second cutting tool.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machining method using the multi-tasking machine according to the first or second aspect, wherein the workpiece is a cam shaft having a cam, and rough machining of the cam profile is performed using the third cutting tool. A camshaft machining method is provided.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since one multi-task machine has three types of cutting tools having different functions, a plurality of machining processes such as surface cutting, drilling, and eccentric shaft machining are required with a complicated shape. Therefore, the workpiece can be efficiently and continuously processed with the workpiece set, and the versatility of the workpiece is enhanced and the productivity is improved. Especially when machining the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the eccentric crankpin can be machined efficiently, increasing the production efficiency when machining the crankshaft from a round bar material, and processing a small amount of products. On the other hand, a multi-tasking machine that can cope with not only workability and productivity but also cost can be realized, and it can contribute to the development of the industry by dealing with every demand.

  According to invention of Claim 2, the rotation center axis | shaft of the 2nd rotary cutter with a small diameter can selectively arrange | position in the position of either the right angle position and the inclined position with respect to the main axis | shaft which sets a workpiece | work. Therefore, a hole perpendicular to the workpiece and a hole inclined can be appropriately formed as necessary.

  According to the invention of claim 3, when a crankshaft is formed by machining from a round bar material, the first to third cutting tools are used appropriately and efficiently without changing the main shaft position for each machining process with the material set. The crankshaft can be processed and formed. In particular, the eccentric crank pin can be efficiently processed in a short time using the third rotary cutting tool having a large diameter, so that productivity is improved.

  According to the invention of claim 4, when the camshaft is machined from a round bar material, the first to third cutting tools are used appropriately and efficiently without changing the spindle position for each machining process with the material set. The camshaft can be processed and formed. In particular, non-circular cams can be efficiently processed in a short time using a large-diameter third rotary cutting tool, thereby improving productivity.

  FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a multi-tasking machine according to the present invention. This embodiment has a rod-shaped first cutting tool (bite) 11 having a blade portion 14 at the tip, and a cylindrical blade portion 15 having a tip surface and a peripheral side as a cutting surface, and the center of the cylindrical blade portion 15. A multi-tasking machine having a second cutting tool 12 rotatable around an axis C2 and a third cutting tool 13 having a disk-like cutting tool 16 on the outer peripheral surface and rotatable around a central axis C3 of the disk. is there. The first cutting tool 11 has its blade portion 14 capable of moving back and forth as indicated by an arrow P1 in a direction perpendicular to the main shaft surface (ZX surface) including the main shaft C1 serving as the rotation axis of the workpiece (ZX surface). Can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the advancing / retreating direction (Z direction) as indicated by an arrow Q1.

  The second cutting tool 12 can advance and retreat as indicated by an arrow Q2 along the central axis C2 and includes a direction that is in the advancing / retreating direction (in the YZ plane when C2 is arranged vertically), and a direction perpendicular to the advancing / retreating direction Q2. Can be moved as shown by an arrow P2. The rotation center axis C2 of the second cutting tool 12 can move not only in a direction perpendicular to the main axis C1 but also in an oblique direction within a plane including the main axis C1 (in the ZX plane). As a result, it is possible to form a hole in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece on the main shaft and an inclined hole.

  The third cutting tool 13 has a central axis C3 that is parallel to the main axis C1 and can be advanced and retracted as indicated by an arrow R with respect to the main axis C1.

  The blade width of the first cutting tool 11 is small enough to process a crank pin between crank webs of a normal crankshaft, and is generally less than the web interval. Similarly, the diameter of the blade portion 15 of the second cutting tool 12 is small enough to process the crank pin, and is generally less than the web interval. The outer diameter of the disc of the third cutting tool 13 is a large diameter that allows efficient cutting of the crankpin from a round bar material, and is preferably about 400 mm or more in diameter.

FIG. 2 is an external view of the combined processing machine according to the present invention.
The multi-task machine 17 of this embodiment includes a first spindle stock 18, a second spindle stock 19, a first tool rest 20, and a second tool rest 21 on a common bed 22. The headstocks 18 and 19 and the tool rests 20 and 21 are movable on the bed 22 in the X direction as indicated by an arrow J.

The first and second headstocks 18 and 19 grip a work (not shown) by the chuck 23. The chuck 23 can rotate around the main shaft C1 as indicated by an arrow D.
The first tool post 20 has a head 24, and the cutting tool 25 (the first cutting tool 11 or the second cutting tool 12 in FIG. 1 described above) is attached to the head 24. The head 24 includes an automatic tool changer, and the first blade 11 and the second blade 12 are automatically exchanged by the automatic blade changer 24. The cutting tool 25 can move forward and backward as indicated by an arrow F in the direction of the main axis C1, and can move as indicated by an arrow G in a direction perpendicular thereto. Further, the head 24 can rotate as indicated by an arrow E around a rotation axis C4 perpendicular to the advancing / retreating direction F of the cutting tool 25. Thereby, the advancing / retreating direction F of the cutting tool 25 can be inclined with respect to the main axis C1.

  The second tool post 21 includes the large-diameter disk-shaped third cutting tool 13 as described with reference to FIG. The third cutting tool 13 can be controlled to move in the X, Y, and Z directions.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process of forming a crankshaft from a round bar material using the multi-tasking machine according to the present invention. FIGS. 4 to 12 are diagrams showing the processed shape of the workpiece at each step of the process.

Step S1:
As shown in FIG. 4, a round bar workpiece 26 is cut into an appropriate length. This is performed using a saw machine or the like as in the prior art.

Step S2:
The total length of the crankshaft is set, input to a control device (not shown), and written in the cutting program. As shown in FIG. 5, a center 27 is formed at both ends of a workpiece 26 made of a round bar material, and a grip allowance 28 is formed at one end. This step is performed using a centering machine or a horizontal machining center as in the conventional case.

Step S3:
As shown in FIG. 6, the end portion 29 of the workpiece 26 and the substantially entire length of the material are roughed. In this state, the gripper 28 at one end of the work 26 is chucked, and the other end 29 and the outer peripheral surface of the entire work length are processed by the first cutting tool 11.

Step S4:
As shown in FIG. 7, a flanged end 30 is formed at the end of the work, and a journal 31 is formed at the work middle. This chucks the end portion 29 roughed in step S3 and cuts the front side (left side in the figure) of the crankshaft. That is, the flanged end 30 is formed at the end opposite to the end 29 and the intermediate journal 31 is formed. This cutting is performed with the first cutting tool 11.

Step S5:
As shown in FIG. 8, the phase reference 34 is notched and formed in the flange 30 a of the flanged end 30. This cutting is performed with the second cutting tool 12.

Step S6:
As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9C, the crank web 6 is formed by machining between the crank webs 5 to form an eccentric crank pin 6, and as shown in FIGS. Roughing the outer shape. These processes are performed by the third cutting tool 13.

Step S7:
As shown in FIG. 10, the outer shape of the crank web 5 is finished. As shown in FIG. 9D, the crank web 5 roughly roughed with the large-diameter third cutting tool 13 is finished into a precise shape with the small-diameter second cutting tool 12. . In this way, the third blade 13 and the second blade 12 provided on the same bed are used in order, and the crank web side surface and the outer peripheral surface are cut while the workpiece is mounted, thereby efficiently forming the crankshaft. it can.
Step S8
The hardness and material of the material are adjusted to appropriate values for the crankshaft by heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.

Step S9:
As shown in FIG. 11, a straight oil hole 32 perpendicular to the main shaft C1 is formed in the journal 31 and the crank pin 6 that require a straight oil passage. This hole processing is performed by the second cutting tool 12.

Step S10:
As shown in FIG. 12, an oblique oil hole 33 in an oblique direction with respect to the main shaft C1 is formed in the journal 31 and the crank pin 6 that require an oblique oil passage. This hole processing is performed by the second cutting tool 12.

Step S11:
As shown in FIG. 13, member mounting holes 35 are formed on the end surfaces of both end portions 29 and 30 of the work 26. This hole processing is performed by the second cutting tool 12.
In this combined processing machine, a steady rest that can be attached and detached or moved is provided on a bed including a tool post at an appropriate position of the entire length of the workpiece.

Step S12:
Perform journal grinding finish. This is performed by using a journal polishing machine as in the conventional case.

Step S13:
Perform pin grinding finish. This is performed using a crankpin grinder as in the conventional case.

Step S14:
The surface is nitrided by heat treatment to increase the hardness.
Step S15:
The strain generated by the heat treatment is removed by a press.

Step S16:
The crank web is processed using the same balance processing machine as before to adjust the weight balance.
Step S17:
Lap the crankpin.

Step S18:
Lap the journal.
Step S19:
Measure the dimensions of each part of the workpiece and record the dimension data.

Step S20:
Mark the required dimension data on the workpiece.
Step S21:
Perform work inspection and rust prevention treatment.
Step S22:
Ship the completed crankshaft.

  In addition, although the said Example demonstrated the process of the crankshaft, it is applicable also to the process of the camshaft which has a non-circular (egg-shaped) cam on a shaft. In this case, productivity is enhanced by forming a cam profile (cam shape) using a third cutting tool having a large diameter.

  The present invention includes a large-diameter disk-shaped rotary cutter on the same bed, a small-width cutter similar to a bite, and a small-diameter rotary cutter similar to a milling cutter or an end mill, and using these, a composite that cuts while rotating a workpiece Can be used as a processing machine. In particular, the present invention can be effectively used when a crankshaft and a camshaft of an internal combustion engine are formed from a round bar material.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a basic configuration of the present invention. The external view of the Example of this invention. The flowchart of the crankshaft preparation procedure by this invention. The shape figure of the round bar material for crankshaft creation. FIG. 4 is a workpiece shape diagram in the middle of the flowchart of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a work shape diagram of another step in the flowchart of FIG. 3. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The workpiece | work shape figure of another step of the flowchart of FIG. The shape figure of an example of the cutting tool of the conventional processing machine. The shape figure of another example of the cutting tool of the conventional processing machine. The shape figure of another example of the cutting tool of the conventional processing machine.

Explanation of symbols

1: blade part, 2: narrow blade tool, 3: crank shaft, 4: journal, 5: crank web, 6: crank pin, 7: blade part, 8: small-diameter rotary blade, 9: blade part, 10: large-bore Rotary blade, 11: First blade, 12: Second blade, 13: Third blade, 14: Blade portion, 15: Blade portion, 16: Blade portion, 17: Multi-task machine, 18: First headstock, 19 : Second spindle stock, 20: first tool post, 21: second tool post, 22: bed, 23: chuck, 24: head, 25: cutting tool, 26: workpiece, 27: center, 28: gripping allowance, 29 : End part, 30: End part with flange, 30a: Flange, 31: Journal, 32: Direct oil hole, 33: Oblique oil hole, 34: Phase reference, 35: Hole

Claims (4)

A rod-shaped first cutting tool having a blade portion at the tip, a second blade tool having a cylindrical blade portion having a tip surface and a peripheral side surface as a cutting surface, and rotatable about the central axis of the cylindrical blade portion; A disk-shaped cutting tool having a blade portion on a surface thereof, and a multi-tasking machine having a third cutting tool rotatable around a central axis of the disk,
The first cutting tool is capable of moving in a direction perpendicular to the advancing / retreating direction in a plane including the advancing / retreating direction in a plane perpendicular to the spindle surface including the spindle serving as the rotation axis of the workpiece. Yes,
The second cutting tool can move back and forth along its central axis and can move in a direction perpendicular to the forward / backward direction in a plane including the forward / backward direction;
The multi-tasking machine according to claim 3, wherein the third cutting tool has a central axis parallel to the main axis and capable of moving back and forth with respect to the main axis.   2. The multi-tasking machine according to claim 1, wherein a center axis of the second cutting tool can be arranged at a position perpendicular to the main axis and an inclined position. The workpiece is a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine;
Set the round bar material on the spindle,
Forming a journal between the crank webs with the first cutting tool for the material;
Next, with the material set, with the third cutting tool, roughing the crankpin and the crank web,
Next, the crankshaft machining method using the multi-tasking machine according to claim 1, wherein the crank web is finished with the second cutting tool while the material is set. The camshaft machining method using a multi-tasking machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece is a camshaft having a cam, and rough machining of the cam profile is performed using the third cutting tool.

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