JP2007014870A - Dioxins removing method and removing agent - Google Patents

Dioxins removing method and removing agent Download PDF

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JP2007014870A
JP2007014870A JP2005198197A JP2005198197A JP2007014870A JP 2007014870 A JP2007014870 A JP 2007014870A JP 2005198197 A JP2005198197 A JP 2005198197A JP 2005198197 A JP2005198197 A JP 2005198197A JP 2007014870 A JP2007014870 A JP 2007014870A
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dioxins
flocculant
zeolite
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type zeolite
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JP3869451B1 (en
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Eisaku Nakajima
英作 中島
Hiromori Kanamaru
太守 金丸
Akiko Tokue
亜希子 徳江
Koji Fujimoto
浩司 藤本
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Kyuden Sangyo Co Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dioxins removing method capable of being more simplified than heretofore, by which dioxins and heavy metals can be treated in one batch (one process), the settling speed of solid fast and only separated water is treated with a membrane, and to provide a removing agent. <P>SOLUTION: In this dioxins removing method, powdery activated carbon and Y type or X type zeolite are added to waste water discharged when dismantling a waste incinerator according to an amount of suspended matter, and Ca-type zeolite formed by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with saturated calcium chloride solution and a zeolite flocculant composed of aluminum sulfate, calcium hydroxide and polyacrylamide anion-based polymer flocculant are mixed. In this case, the abovementioned addition and mixing are performed in one batch. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は廃棄物焼却炉設備の解体等に際して発生する汚水中のダイオキシン類を除去する技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a technique for removing dioxins in wastewater generated during dismantling of a waste incinerator facility.

従来、廃棄物焼却炉設備の除染や解体時に排出される排水は、重金属処理剤を添加して重金属を処理した後、吸着剤を添加してダイオキシン類を吸着処理し、さらに吸着処理水を膜により固液分離する処理方法が開発されている。   Conventionally, wastewater discharged at the time of decontamination and dismantling of waste incinerator equipment is treated with heavy metal treatment agent and treated with heavy metal, adsorbent is added to adsorb dioxins, and further treated with adsorbed water. A processing method for solid-liquid separation using a membrane has been developed.

しかし、上記吸着処理に用いられる吸着剤は活性炭、活性コークス等の炭素系吸着剤、及びゼオライト、珪藻土等の無機系吸着剤等の1又は2種以上が用いられ、
さらに膜による固液分離を必要とし、セラミック膜又は高分子膜が用いられた(例えば特許文献1、2)。
However, the adsorbent used in the adsorption treatment is one or more of carbon-based adsorbents such as activated carbon and activated coke, and inorganic adsorbents such as zeolite and diatomaceous earth.
Further, solid-liquid separation by a membrane is required, and a ceramic membrane or a polymer membrane was used (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

しかしながら上記従来技術は次の3工程よりなり、それぞれの工程が単独で存在し、処理設備及び処理時間が多くかかった。   However, the above prior art consists of the following three processes, each of which exists independently, and takes a lot of processing equipment and processing time.

(1)重金属処理剤で重金属処理する工程(2)吸着剤を添加して吸着処理する工程(3)上記処理水を膜により固液分離する工程   (1) Step of heavy metal treatment with heavy metal treatment agent (2) Step of adding adsorbent and adsorption treatment (3) Step of solid-liquid separation of the treated water with a membrane

特開2002−177902号JP 2002-177902 A 特開2003−53343号JP 2003-53343 A

本発明は、ダイオキシン類と重金属類を1バッチ(1工程)で処理でき固形分の沈降速度が速く分離水のみ膜処理する方法で、先行例より簡素化できるダイオキシン除去法及び除去剤を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention provides a dioxin removal method and a removal agent that can process dioxins and heavy metals in one batch (one step) and have a solid sedimentation rate and a membrane treatment using only separated water. For the purpose.

上記目的を達成するため本発明は、
第1に廃棄物焼却炉の解体時に排出される汚水に、浮遊物質量に応じて、粉末活性炭、Y型又はX型ゼオライトを添加し、さらにゼオライト凝集剤を混合し、上記添加及び混合を1バッチで処理することを特徴とするダイオキシン類除去法、
第2に上記ゼオライト凝集剤が、Na−P1型ゼオライトを塩化カルシウム飽和液で処理したCa型ゼオライト、硫酸バンド及び水酸化カルシウム及びポリアクリルアミドアニオン系高分子凝集剤からなる上記第1発明記載のダイオキシン類除去法、
第3に上記処理による汚水を固液分離した後、液分を高分子フィルターで濾過する上記第1又は第2発明記載のダイオキシン類除去法、
第4にフライアッシュをアルカリ処理し、さらに熱処理を施し、攪拌してなるY型又はX型ゼオライトと、Na−P1型ゼオライトを塩化カルシウム飽和液で処理したCa型ゼオライト、硫酸バンド及び水酸化カルシウム及びポリアクリルアミドアニオン系高分子凝集剤からなるゼオライト凝集剤とよりなるダイオキシン類除去剤、
によって構成する。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention
First, depending on the amount of suspended solids, powdered activated carbon, Y-type or X-type zeolite is added to the sewage discharged at the time of dismantling of the waste incinerator, and the zeolite flocculant is further mixed. Dioxins removal method characterized by processing in batch,
Secondly, the zeolite flocculant comprises a Ca-type zeolite obtained by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with a saturated calcium chloride solution, a sulfuric acid band, calcium hydroxide, and a polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant. Removal method,
Thirdly, after separating the sewage by the above treatment into solid and liquid, the dioxins removal method according to the first or second invention, wherein the liquid is filtered through a polymer filter,
Fourthly, Y-type or X-type zeolite obtained by subjecting fly ash to alkali treatment, further heat treatment and stirring, and Ca-type zeolite obtained by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with a saturated calcium chloride solution, sulfate band and calcium hydroxide. And a dioxin remover comprising a zeolite flocculant comprising a polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant,
Consists of.

焼却炉の燃焼過程において有機塩素化合物からダイオキシン類が生成する。焼却炉解体に際しては炉壁、煙道に付着する灰にダイオキシン類や重金属類が残留している。焼却炉の解体は、汚染除去作業時に発生する発塵防止のため高圧水による洗浄で焼却炉設備内の付着物を除去し、その際にダイオキシン類を含む排水(汚水)が排出される。   Dioxins are produced from organochlorine compounds in the combustion process of incinerators. When the incinerator is dismantled, dioxins and heavy metals remain on the ash adhering to the furnace wall and flue. Dismantling of the incinerator removes deposits in the incinerator facility by washing with high-pressure water to prevent dust generation that occurs during decontamination work, and at that time, waste water (dirt water) containing dioxins is discharged.

上記汚水中のポリ塩化ジベンゾパラジオキシン及びコプラナポリ塩化ビフェニルを粉末活性炭が吸着し、
上記汚水中のポリ塩化ジベンゾフラン及びコプラナポリ塩化ビフェニルを上記ゼオライト凝集剤が吸着し、
又、同時に上記活性炭及び上記凝集剤は重金属類を吸着する。
Powdered activated carbon adsorbs polychlorinated dibenzoparadoxine and coplana polychlorinated biphenyl in the sewage,
The zeolite flocculant adsorbs polychlorinated dibenzofuran and coplana polychlorinated biphenyl in the sewage,
At the same time, the activated carbon and the flocculant adsorb heavy metals.

さらに上記活性炭および上記凝集剤が汚水中の浮遊物質を凝集して低減する。   Further, the activated carbon and the flocculant aggregate and reduce suspended substances in the wastewater.

上述のようにダイオキシン類除去法及び除去剤で処理したダイオキシン汚水は上述のように吸着、凝集した固形分と液体とを固液分離した後、
液体のみを高分子フィルターで濾過処理して放流される。
As described above, the dioxin sewage treated with the dioxins removal method and the removing agent is subjected to solid-liquid separation of the adsorbed and agglomerated solid content and the liquid, as described above.
Only the liquid is filtered through a polymer filter and discharged.

本発明は上述の除去法及び除去剤によったもので、ダイオキシン類とY型ゼオライト及び又はX型ゼオライトとの接触面積が大で、ダイオキシン類及び重金属の吸着能を増加し、かつダイオキシン類及び重金属を1バッチ(1工程)で処理することができ、急速沈降による固液分離後の液分のみフィルター処理し、処理時間の短縮と装置の簡略化を実現することができる。   The present invention is based on the above-described removal method and removal agent, has a large contact area between dioxins and Y-type zeolite and / or X-type zeolite, increases the adsorption capacity of dioxins and heavy metals, and dioxins and Heavy metals can be processed in one batch (one step), and only the liquid after solid-liquid separation by rapid sedimentation is filtered, so that the processing time can be shortened and the apparatus can be simplified.

本発明は従来活性炭で処理できなかったダイオキシン類の除去ができることに特徴がある。そのメカニズムは以下の通りである。
・ダイオキシン類は疎水性の性質からおもに懸濁物質に吸着されている。そこで、懸濁物
質を飛灰排水から除去することがダイオキシン類の削減になると考えた。
・活性炭はミクロポアからマクロポアサイズの径を有する。懸濁物質は優先的に大きなポ
アに吸着され細孔容積が満たされる。そして、その際に吸着されずに残存している微細
粒子に含まれるダイオキシン類が処理されずに残る。
・そこで、細孔径11Å前後を有するY型及びX型もしくはフライアッシュから生成し
たY型もしくはX型と併用することで活性炭で処理できないダイオキシン類(異性体)
を除去する。ダイオキシン類の分子サイズは約10Å、残存している微細粒子に含まれる
ダイオキシン類は吸着除去できる。
・重金属類は飛灰に含まれていることから懸濁物質を上記処理により同時に除去すること
ができる。
・処理水の固液分離は、ゼオライト凝集剤により汚泥が分離できる。後処理のろ過を考慮
し、当該凝集剤の添加量は500ppmとすることに特徴がある。
The present invention is characterized in that dioxins that could not be treated with activated carbon can be removed. The mechanism is as follows.
・ Dioxins are mainly adsorbed on suspended matter due to their hydrophobic nature. Therefore, we thought that removing suspended solids from fly ash drainage would reduce dioxins.
-Activated carbon has a diameter from micropore to macropore size. Suspended materials are preferentially adsorbed on large pores, filling the pore volume. At that time, dioxins contained in the fine particles remaining without being adsorbed remain untreated.
・ Therefore, dioxins (isomers) that cannot be treated with activated carbon when used in combination with Y-type and X-type having a pore diameter of around 11 mm, or Y-type or X-type generated from fly ash
Remove. The molecular size of dioxins is about 10 mm, and dioxins contained in the remaining fine particles can be removed by adsorption.
・ Since heavy metals are contained in fly ash, suspended substances can be removed simultaneously by the above treatment.
・ For solid-liquid separation of treated water, sludge can be separated by zeolite flocculant. In consideration of post-treatment filtration, the amount of the flocculant added is 500 ppm.

廃棄物等の焼却炉の除染又は解体時には大量の洗浄水(通常水道水、地下水)を散水し、ダイオキシン汚染となって汚水槽A(図1)に流入される。   At the time of decontamination or dismantling of incinerators such as waste, a large amount of washing water (usually tap water, groundwater) is sprinkled and dioxin contaminated and flows into the sewage tank A (FIG. 1).

上記汚水には粉末活性炭及びY型及び又はX型ゼオライトを添加する。   Powdered activated carbon and Y-type and / or X-type zeolite are added to the sewage.

添加濃度は上記汚水の浮遊物質量が100〜1000mg/リットルに対して、粉末活性炭41.5重量%、Y型もしくはX型ゼオライト41.5重量%及びゼオライト凝集剤17重量%の割合で添加する。   Addition concentration is 41.5% by weight of powdered activated carbon, 41.5% by weight of Y-type or X-type zeolite, and 17% by weight of zeolite flocculant with respect to 100 to 1000 mg / liter of suspended solids in the sewage. .

上記汚水のPHは6〜8に調整する。   The pH of the sewage is adjusted to 6-8.

上記ゼオライト凝集剤はNa−P1型ゼオライトを塩化カルシウム飽和液で処理したCa型ゼオライト20重量%、硫酸バンド60重量%、水酸化カルシウム19重量%及びポリアクリルアミドアニオン系高分子凝集剤1.0重量%よりなり、
添加混合順序は上記粉末活性炭、Y型もしくはX型ゼオライト、上記ゼオライト凝集剤の順序であって、
上記添加混合によって上記汚水は1個のバッチ内において攪拌、静止により自然沈降固液分離する。
The zeolite flocculant is composed of 20 wt% Ca-type zeolite obtained by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with a saturated calcium chloride solution, 60 wt% sulfuric acid band, 19 wt% calcium hydroxide, and 1.0 wt% polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant. %
The order of addition and mixing is the order of the powdered activated carbon, the Y-type or X-type zeolite, and the zeolite flocculant,
By the addition and mixing, the sewage is naturally settled solid-liquid separated by stirring and resting in one batch.

分離した上澄液(液体)は高分子フィルター(膜孔径0.45μm)で濾過処理後放流される。   The separated supernatant (liquid) is discharged after filtration through a polymer filter (membrane pore diameter 0.45 μm).

又上記汚水中の重金属類は鉛及びその化合物、砒素及びその化合物、水銀及びその化合物、フッ素及びその化合物等であって、
これらの重金属類は上記粉末活性炭、Y型、X型ゼオライト、ゼオライト凝集剤に
取り込まれてダイオキシン類と共に又は同時に除去される。
The heavy metals in the sewage are lead and its compound, arsenic and its compound, mercury and its compound, fluorine and its compound, etc.
These heavy metals are incorporated into the powdered activated carbon, Y-type, X-type zeolite, and zeolite flocculant, and are removed together with or simultaneously with dioxins.

上記Y型及びX型ゼオライトは高純度のシリカとアルナミあるいは、石炭をエネルギー源とする発電所等において発生する多量の石炭灰を有効利用するもので煙突に向かう微粒溶融球型粒子(フライアッシュ)を電気収塵機で捕集し、これをアルカリ(苛性ソーダ)処理し、かつ熱処理を施して表1の反応条件でもえられる。   The above Y-type and X-type zeolites use high-purity silica and Arnami or a large amount of coal ash generated in coal-powered power plants and the like. Is collected with an electric dust collector, treated with an alkali (caustic soda), and subjected to a heat treatment to obtain the reaction conditions shown in Table 1.

Figure 2007014870
Figure 2007014870

以下に実施例を上げて本発明を具体的に説明する。焼却炉飛灰排水を懸濁濃度約1000mg/lに調整する。この排水にまず、活性炭を2000mg/l添加して30分攪拌、攪拌後Y型もしくはX型またはフライアッシュから生成するY型もしくX型ゼオライトを2000mg/l添加して30分攪拌、その後ゼオライト凝集剤を500mg/l添加して30分攪拌したのち30分間静沈して固液分離する。静沈後0.45μmの高分子フィルターで分離液分を濾過処理する。処理した水質は表2に示す通りである。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. Adjust the incinerator fly ash drainage to a suspension concentration of about 1000 mg / l. First, 2000 mg / l of activated carbon is added to this waste water and stirred for 30 minutes. After stirring, Y-type or X-type zeolite or Y-type or X-type zeolite produced from fly ash is added at 2000 mg / l and stirred for 30 minutes. The flocculant is added at 500 mg / l, stirred for 30 minutes, and then settled for 30 minutes to separate into solid and liquid. After settling, the separated liquid is filtered with a 0.45 μm polymer filter. The treated water quality is as shown in Table 2.

Figure 2007014870
Figure 2007014870

Figure 2007014870
Figure 2007014870

以上の通り本発明のダイオキシン処理方法では、
・本処理方法により従来技術より焼却炉の飛灰排水のダイオキシン類及び重金属類を簡便
に短時間で処理できる。
・処理水は環境基準レベルまで清浄化することができ放流することができる。
・飛灰排水の汚泥量が5%まで減容化できるとともに産業廃棄物の減量とともに処理費用
が1/10まで低コスト化できる。
・処理水は再利用することができ、焼却炉解体時の洗浄水(水道水、地下水)の使用量削
減ができる。
・現場で直接処理できるため運搬費用の削減にもなる。
As described above, in the dioxin treatment method of the present invention,
・ With this treatment method, dioxins and heavy metals in fly ash wastewater from incinerators can be treated easily and in a short period of time.
・ The treated water can be purified to the environmental standard level and discharged.
・ The volume of sludge in fly ash drainage can be reduced to 5%, and the processing cost can be reduced to 1/10 with the reduction of industrial waste.
・ Treated water can be reused, and the amount of washing water (tap water, groundwater) used during incinerator dismantling can be reduced.
・ Because it can be processed directly on site, it also reduces transportation costs.

本発明のダイオキシン類除去法の系統図である。It is a systematic diagram of the dioxin removal method of the present invention. (イ)図はダイオキシン汚水の攪拌状態の写真である、(ロ)図は濃縮固形分の凝集沈澱状態の写真である。(A) is a photograph of the stirring state of dioxin sewage, and (B) is a photograph of the state of aggregation and precipitation of concentrated solids.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

A 汚水槽   A Sewage tank

Claims (4)

廃棄物焼却炉の解体時に排出される汚水に、浮遊物質量に応じて、
粉末活性炭、Y型又はX型ゼオライトを添加し、
さらにゼオライト凝集剤を混合し、
上記添加及び混合を1バッチで処理することを特徴とするダイオキシン類除去法。
Depending on the amount of suspended solids, the wastewater discharged when dismantling the waste incinerator
Add powdered activated carbon, Y-type or X-type zeolite,
Furthermore, the zeolite flocculant is mixed,
A method for removing dioxins, wherein the addition and mixing are performed in one batch.
上記ゼオライト凝集剤が、Na−P1型ゼオライトを塩化カルシウム飽和液で処理したCa型ゼオライト、硫酸バンド及び水酸化カルシウム及びポリアクリルアミドアニオン系高分子凝集剤からなる請求項1記載のダイオキシン類除去法。   The dioxins removal method according to claim 1, wherein the zeolite flocculant comprises Ca-type zeolite obtained by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with a saturated calcium chloride solution, sulfuric acid band, calcium hydroxide, and polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant. 上記処理による汚水を固液分離した後、液分を高分子フィルターで濾過する請求項1又は2記載のダイオキシン類除去法。   The dioxin removal method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sewage by the treatment is separated into solid and liquid, and then the liquid is filtered with a polymer filter. フライアッシュをアルカリ処理し、さらに熱処理を施し、攪拌してなるY型又はX型ゼオライトと、
Na−P1型ゼオライトを塩化カルシウム飽和液で処理したCa型ゼオライト、硫酸バンド及び水酸化カルシウム及びポリアクリルアミドアニオン系高分子凝集剤からなるゼオライト凝集剤とよりなるダイオキシン類除去剤。
Y-type or X-type zeolite obtained by subjecting fly ash to alkali treatment, further heat treatment, and stirring;
A dioxin removing agent comprising a Ca-type zeolite obtained by treating Na-P1 type zeolite with a saturated calcium chloride solution, a sulfuric acid band, a calcium flocculant and a zeolite flocculant comprising a polyacrylamide anionic polymer flocculant.
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