JP2007008814A - Therapeutic agent for diabetes - Google Patents
Therapeutic agent for diabetes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007008814A JP2007008814A JP2001117269A JP2001117269A JP2007008814A JP 2007008814 A JP2007008814 A JP 2007008814A JP 2001117269 A JP2001117269 A JP 2001117269A JP 2001117269 A JP2001117269 A JP 2001117269A JP 2007008814 A JP2007008814 A JP 2007008814A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- diabetes
- therapeutic agent
- acid
- blood
- blood glucose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008085 renal dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、糖尿病治療剤に関し、より詳細にはビグアニド誘導体又はその塩を有効成分とする糖尿病治療剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、2型糖尿病(インシュリン非依存性)患者の治療は血糖降下剤の服用が中心となっている。また、厳格な血糖コントロールにより、合併症への移行率や死亡率も低下することが明らかにされている。血糖降下剤としては、主にインシュリン製剤やスルホニル尿素剤、チアゾリジン誘導体、アルファーグルコシダーゼ阻害剤、ビグアニド剤等の経口血糖降下剤が用いられている。これらの経口血糖降下剤の中でも、2型糖尿病患者に対して、ビグアニド剤は最も効果の優れた薬剤であることが知られている。このようなビグアニド誘導体については、従来より多くの種類が合成されており例えばJ.Am.Chem.Soc.,81,3728−3736(1959)には種々のビグアニド誘導体の血糖降下作用が報告されている。しかしながら、このようなビグアニド誘導体は一般的に乳酸アシドーシスを惹起する可能性が高いと認識されており、上記の文献においてもビグアニド誘導体による血中乳酸値上昇作用の有無やその程度については確認されていなかった。そのため、メトホルミン等既存のビグアニド剤は、糖尿病患者のうち、乳酸アシドーシスの既往を伴う糖尿病患者、腎機能障害を伴う糖尿病患者、肝機能障害を伴う糖尿病患者、心血管系の障害を伴う糖尿病患者、肺機能の障害を伴う糖尿病患者、低酸素血症を伴いやすい糖尿病患者、過度のアルコール摂取者である糖尿病患者、胃腸障害を伴う糖尿病患者及び高齢者である糖尿病患者について、乳酸アシドーシス惹起の危険性があることから使用禁忌となっている(日本医薬情報センター編,医療薬日本医薬品集,第23版,2094頁,2000年)。
【0003】
また、2型糖尿病患者では約1割程度が顕性腎症と言われており、多くの患者がビグアニド剤を服用することができない。この場合、スルホニル尿素剤、チアゾリジン誘導体、インシュリン製剤が投与されるが、これらはいずれも空腹感を助長し、結果として体重を増加させる傾向があるため、特に肥満性糖尿病患者には適した薬剤とは言えない。そこで、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる作用を有することにより、乳酸アシドーシスを惹起する可能性が低いビグアニド剤が望まれている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の有する課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずかつ優れた血糖降下作用を有しており、腎機能障害等を伴う乳酸アシドーシスを起こしやすい糖尿病患者に対しても投与することが可能な糖尿病治療剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の構造を有するビグアニド誘導体は血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる作用を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明の血糖降下剤は、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる作用を有する糖尿病治療剤であって、前記治療剤が一般式(1)
【化2】
(式中、Rは水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示す。)
で表されるビグアニド誘導体又は前記ビグアニド誘導体の塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする糖尿病治療剤である。
【0007】
従って、このような血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる作用を有する本発明の糖尿病治療剤は、対象となる疾患が乳酸アシドーシスの既往を伴う糖尿病、腎機能障害を伴う糖尿病、肝機能障害を伴う糖尿病、心血管系の障害を伴う糖尿病、肺機能の障害を伴う糖尿病、低酸素血症を伴いやすい患者の糖尿病、過度のアルコール摂取者である糖尿病、胃腸障害を伴う糖尿病及び高齢者の糖尿病からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを対象とする糖尿病治療剤として有用であって、特に腎機能障害を伴う糖尿病を対象とする糖尿病治療剤として有用である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。
【0009】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤は、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる作用を有する糖尿病治療剤であって、前記治療剤が一般式(1)
【化3】
(式中、Rは水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示す。)
で表されるビグアニド誘導体又は前記ビグアニド誘導体の塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする糖尿病治療剤である。
【0010】
先ず、本発明にかかる糖尿病治療剤を構成する要素について説明する。
【0011】
本発明にかかるビグアニド誘導体は、
【化4】
で表され、一般式(1)中、Rは水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示す。ここで、前記低級アルキル基としては、炭素数1〜5の低級アルキル基であることが好ましく、メチル基であることがより好ましい。従って、Rは水素原子又はメチル基であることが好ましい。
【0012】
また、上記の一般式(1)で表されるビグアニド誘導体の塩としては、薬理上許容される塩であればよく、例えば無機酸との塩、有機酸との塩、酸性アミノ酸との塩等が挙げられる。前記無機酸との塩としては、例えば、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸等との塩が挙げられる。また、前記有機酸との塩としては、例えば、ギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、フマル酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、メタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸等との塩が挙げられる。さらに、前記酸性アミノ酸との塩としては、例えば、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸との塩等が挙げられる。このような一般式(1)で表されるビグアニド誘導体の塩の中でも、無機酸との塩が好ましく、塩酸との塩がより好ましい。
【0013】
ここで、前記ビグアニド誘導体及びその塩は、既に公知の方法で製造することができ、具体的には、例えば、米国特許第3821406号公報、Am. Khim. Zh., 27, 1045-47 (1974), Chem. Abstr., 82, 170842m (1975)、J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 3728-3736 (1959)、Am. Khim. Zh., 26, 30-34 (1973); Chem. Abstr., 78, 159164p (1973)、J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 3725-3728 (1959)、J. Chem. Soc., 1063-1069 (1946)、J. Chem. Soc., 1017-1031(1954);Chem. Abstr., 81, 63361等に記載の方法を用いて製造すればよい。
【0014】
また、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物は、原料としてフルフリルアミン及び5−アルキルフルフリルアミンを用いて合成することができる。この中で、フルフリルアミン及び5−メチルフルフリルアミンは市販品(東京化成、Aldlich製等)を使用することができる。また、その他の5−アルキルフルリルアミンは公知の方法(例えば、Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39(1), 181-183 (1991)に記載の方法等)に準じて製造したものを使用することができる。
【0015】
また、前記化合物(1)の製造に用いるその他の原料としてシアノグアニジンが挙げられるが、これは市販品(東京化成、関東化学、和光純薬工業、Aldlich製等)を使用することができる。
【0016】
上記一般式(1)で表される化合物は、フルフリルアミン又は5−アルキルフルフリルアミンの反応に影響を及ぼさない溶媒中又は無溶媒で、シリル化剤の存在下、シアノグアニジンと反応させることで製造することができる。ここで、前記溶媒としては、例えば、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、tert−ブチルメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジクロロメタン、1、2−ジクロロエタン、クロロホルムが挙げられ、好ましくはジクロロメタン、1、2−ジクロロエタン、ベンゼン又はトルエンである。また、これらの溶媒は2種以上を混合した混合溶媒として用いてもよい。
【0017】
また、前記反応時の反応温度は、−78℃から反応混合物の沸点までの温度であれば特に制限はなく、好ましくは室温である。
【0018】
また、前記シリル化剤としては、例えば、クロロトリメチルシラン(Me3SiCl(以下Me3SiをTMSと略す))、クロロトリエチルシラン(Et3SiCl)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステル(TMSOSO2CF3)、メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステル(TMSOSO2CH3)、(TMSO)2SO2、t−BuMe2SiOSO2CF3、(TMSO)(TMSN)CMeが挙げられ、好ましくはトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステル、メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステルである。
【0019】
以上説明した一般式(1)の製造方法のスキームを以下に示す。
【0020】
【化5】
【0021】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤は、前記ビグアニド誘導体又はその塩を有効成分として含有するものであればよく、その具体的な処方は特に制限されないが、例えば、賦形剤、結合剤、安定化剤、滑沢剤、矯味剤、崩壊剤、コーティング剤、着色剤、緩衝剤、水性溶剤、油性溶剤、等張化剤、分散剤、保存剤、溶解補助剤、流動化剤、無痛化剤、pH調整剤、防腐剤、基剤等と混合することにより製剤化すればよい。また、生理学的に許容されうる担体についても前記糖尿病治療剤の添加成分とすることができる。
【0022】
前記賦形剤としては、例えば、乳糖、白糖、ブドウ糖、D−マンニトール及びソルビット等の糖類、結晶セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース及びメチルセルロース等のセルロース並びにその誘導体、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、α−デンプン、デキストリン、β−シクロデキストリン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム及びヒドロキシプロピルスターチ等のデンプン並びにその誘導体、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、ケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム及びケイ酸マグネシウム等のケイ酸塩類、リン酸カルシウム等のリン酸塩類、炭酸カルシウム等の炭酸塩類、硫酸カルシウム等の硫酸塩類、酒石酸、酒石酸水素カリウム、水酸化マグネシウム等が挙げられる。
【0023】
また、前記結合剤としては、例えば、結晶セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース及びメチルセルロース等のセルロース並びにその誘導体、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、α−デンプン、デキストリン、β−シクロデキストリン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム及びヒドロキシプロピルスターチ等のデンプン並びにその誘導体、乳糖、白糖、ブドウ糖、D−マンニトール及びソルビット等の糖類、カンテン、ステアリルアルコール、ゼラチン、トラガント、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン等が挙げられる。
【0024】
また、前記安定化剤としては、例えば、メチルパラベン及びプロピルパラベン等のパラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、クロロブタノール、ベンジルアルコール及びフェニルエチルアルコール等のアルコール類、フェノール、クレゾール等のフェノール類、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム及び亜硫酸ナトリウム等の亜硫酸塩類、エデト酸ナトリウム及びエデト酸四ナトリウム等のエデト酸塩類、硬化油、ゴマ油、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、アジピン酸、アスコルビン酸、L−アスコルビン酸ステアリン酸エステル、L−アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、L−アスパラギン酸、L−アスパラギン酸ナトリウム、アセチルトリプトファンナトリウム、アセトアニリド、アプロチニン液、アミノエチルスルホン酸、アミノ酢酸、DL−アラニン、L−アラニン、塩化ベンザルコニウム、ソルビン酸等が挙げられる。
【0025】
また、前記滑沢剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸カルシウム及びステアリン酸マグネシウム等のステアリン酸類、サラシミツロウ及びカルナウバロウ等のワックス類、硫酸ナトリウム等の硫酸塩、ケイ酸マグネシウム及び軽質無水ケイ酸等のケイ酸類、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等のラウリル硫酸塩、アラビアゴム末、カカオ脂、カルメロースカルシウム、カルメロースナトリウム、カロペプタイド、含水二酸化ケイ素、含水無晶形酸化ケイ素、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲル、グリセリン、軽質流動パラフィン、結晶セルロース、硬化油、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、ゴマ油、コムギデンプン、タルク、マクロゴール類、リン酸等が挙げられる。
【0026】
また、前記矯味剤としては、例えば、乳糖、白糖、ブドウ糖及びD−マンニトール等の糖類、アスコルビン酸、L−アスパラギン酸、L−アスパラギン酸ナトリウム、L−アスパラギン酸マグネシウム、アスパルテーム、アマチャ、アマチャエキス、アマチャ末、アミノエチルスルホン酸、アミノ酢酸、DL−アラニン、サッカリンナトリウム、dl−メントール、l−メントール類等が挙げられる。
【0027】
また、前記崩壊剤としては、例えば、結晶セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース及びメチルセルロース等のセルロース並びにその誘導体、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム及び炭酸マグネシウム等の炭酸塩類、トウモロコシデンプン、バレイショデンプン、α−デンプン、デキストリン、β−シクロデキストリン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム及びヒドロキシプロピルスターチ等のデンプン並びにその誘導体カンテン、ゼラチン、トラガント、アジピン酸、アルギン酸、アルギン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0028】
また、前記コーティング剤としては、例えば、酢酸セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、酢酸フタル酸セルロース及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース類等のセルロース誘導体、セラック、ポリビニルピロリドン類、ポリエチレングリコール、マクロゴール類、メタアクリル酸コポリマー類、流動パラフィン、オイドラギット等が挙げられる。
【0029】
また、前記着色剤としては、例えば、インジコカルミン、カラメル、リボフラビン等が挙げられる。
【0030】
また、前記緩衝剤としては、例えば、アミノ酢酸、L−アルギニン、安息香酸、安息香酸ナトリウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、乾燥亜硫酸ナトリウム、乾燥炭酸ナトリウム、希塩酸、クエン酸、クエン酸カルシウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸二ナトリウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、L−グルタミン酸、L−グルタミン酸ナトリウム、クレアチニン、クロロブタノール、結晶リン酸二水素ナトリウム、コハク酸二ナトリウム、酢酸、酢酸カリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、酒石酸、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、トリエタノールアミン、乳酸、乳酸ナトリウム液、氷酢酸、ホウ酸、マレイン酸、無水クエン酸、無水クエン酸ナトリウム、無水酢酸ナトリウム、無水炭酸ナトリウム、無水リン酸一水素ナトリウム、無水リン酸三ナトリウム、無水リン酸二水素ナトリウム、dl−リンゴ酸、リン酸、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム一水和物等が挙げられる。
【0031】
また、前記水性溶剤としては、例えば、蒸留水、生理的食塩水、リンゲル液等が挙げられる。
【0032】
また、前記油性溶剤としては、例えば、オリーブ油、ゴマ油、綿実油及びコーン油等の植物油、プロピレングリコール等が挙げられる。
【0033】
また、前記等張化剤としては、例えば、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、グリセリン、臭化ナトリウム、D−ソルビトール、ニコチン酸アミド、ブドウ糖、ホウ酸等が挙げられる。
【0034】
また、前記分散剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸亜鉛及びステアリン酸マグネシウム等のステアリン酸並びにその塩類、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸プロピレングリコールエステル、セスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、D−ソルビトール、トラガント、メチルセルロース、モノステアリン酸アルミニウム、アミノアルキルメタアクリレートコポリマーRS、乳糖、濃グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、マクロゴール類、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0035】
また、前記保存剤としては、例えば、クロロブタノール、フェネチルアルコール、プロピレングリコール及びベンジルアルコール等のアルコール類、パラオキシ安息香酸イソブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル及びパラオキシ安息香酸メチル等のパラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、乾燥亜硫酸ナトリウム、乾燥硫酸ナトリウム、クレゾール、クロロクレゾール、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ソルビン酸カリウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、フェノール、ホルマリン、リン酸、アンソッコウ、チメロサール、チモール、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0036】
また、前記溶解補助剤としては、例えば、安息香酸ナトリウム、エチレンジアミン、クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム、グリセリン、酢酸ナトリウム、サリチル酸ナトリウム、セスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、ニコチン酸アミド、ブドウ糖、ベンジルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン類、アセトン、エタノール、イソプロパノール、D−ソルビトール、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、乳糖、尿素、白糖等が挙げられる。
【0037】
また、前記流動化剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸カルシウム及びステアリン酸マグネシウム等のステアリン酸並びにその塩類、含水二酸化ケイ素、タルク、無水エタノール、結晶セルロース、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、リン酸水素カルシウム等が挙げられる。
【0038】
また、前記無痛化剤としては、例えば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩酸プロカイン、塩酸メプリルカイン、塩酸リドカイン、リドカイン等が挙げられる。
【0039】
また、前記pH調整剤としては、例えば、塩酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、マレイン酸、水酸化ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
【0040】
また、前記防腐剤としては、例えば、安息香酸、安息香酸ナトリウム、塩化セチルピリジニウム、サリチル酸、サリチル酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸、ソルビン酸カリウム、チモール、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル等が挙げられる。
【0041】
また、前記基剤としては、例えば、オリーブ油、ゴマ油及び小麦胚芽油等の植物油、グリセリン、ステアリルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール類、プロピレングリコール、セタノール、豚脂、白色ワセリン、パラフィン、ベントナイト、ラノリン脂肪酸イソプロピル、ワセリン、ポリソルベート類、マクロゴール類、ラウリルアルコール、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、リノール酸エチル、リン酸水素ナトリウム、ロジン等が挙げられる。
【0042】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤中に含まれる一般式(1)で表されるビグアニド誘導体又はその塩の量は、その剤型によっても異なるが、糖尿病治療剤(医薬組成物)全量に対して0.00001〜100重量%であることが好ましい。
【0043】
また、本発明の糖尿病治療剤の剤形についても特に制限されないが、例えば、顆粒剤、散剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、乳剤及び懸濁剤等が挙げられ、非経口剤としては、例えば、皮下注射剤、静脈内注射剤、筋肉内注射剤及び腹腔内注射剤等の注射剤、軟膏剤、クリーム剤及びローション剤等の経皮投与剤、直腸座剤及び膣座剤等の座剤、経鼻投与製剤等が挙げられる。前記の各種製剤は、製剤工程において通常用いられる公知の方法により製造することができる。
【0044】
次に、本発明の糖尿病治療剤特有の作用である「血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させる」という作用について、説明する。
【0045】
本発明において、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させるとは、経口糖負荷試験による血糖降下率及び血中乳酸値の測定を行った場合に、上記糖尿病治療剤を投与した際に血糖降下率が60〜80%を示す投与量において、血中乳酸値上昇率が35%以下であることを意味し、好ましくは血糖降下率60〜80%を示す投与量において、血中乳酸値上昇率が30%以下であり、より好ましくは血糖降下率60〜80%を示す投与量において、血中乳酸値上昇率が25%以下であることを意味する。すなわち、例えば、上記経口糖負荷試験による血糖降下率及び血中乳酸値の測定を行った場合に、投与前の血中乳酸値が4〜33mg/dLを示している一般的な糖尿病患者に血糖降下率が60〜80%を示すような用量で前記糖尿病治療剤を投与した場合であっても、血中乳酸値が45mg/dL以下に抑えられる場合が挙げられる。
【0046】
なお、上記の経口糖負荷試験による血糖降下率及び血中乳酸値の測定は公知の方法により行うことができるが、好ましい方法を以下に示す。すなわち、まず、11〜17週齢の雌性マウス(C57BLKS/J−m +/+ Lepr<db>(db/db))を18〜24時間絶食させる。このとき、5〜6匹を1群として試験に用いる。コントロールとして処置前の血糖値及び血中乳酸値を測定するため、尾部から採血しておく。採血後に、ビグアニド誘導体を適切な濃度でリン酸バッファー生理食塩液に溶解し、5ml/kgの用量で皮下投与する。また、対照として溶媒のみを投与したマウスを準備する。更に、化合物あるいは溶媒投与の30分後に、グルコースを3g/6ml/kgの用量で経口投与し、経口糖負荷試験を実施する。グルコース投与の30分、1時間、2時間後に、血糖値及び血中乳酸値を測定するため、尾部より採血する。血糖値は新ブラッド・シュガーテスト(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティクス株式会社製)を用いて測定する。血中乳酸値は、「アスカ・シグマ」(シグマ・ダイアグノスティクス株式会社製)を用いて測定する。
【0047】
また、血糖降下率及び血中乳酸値上昇率は以下の式より求める。
【0048】
血糖降下率(%)=[(溶媒投与群の血糖上昇値のAUC−化合物投与群の血糖上昇値のAUC)/溶媒投与群の血糖上昇値のAUC]×100
【0049】
ここで、血糖上昇値のAUCとは、グルコース投与後の血糖値変化を時間に対してプロットしたグラフにおいて、グルコース投与前の血糖値をベースラインとしてグルコース投与2時間後までの増加部分の面積を表す。具体的には、A=グルコース投与前の血糖値、B=グルコース投与30分後の血糖値、C=グルコース投与1時間後の血糖値、D=グルコース投与2時間後の血糖値としたとき、血糖上昇値のAUCは、以下の式:
血糖上昇値のAUC=0.5×((A+B)/2−A)+0.5×((B+C)/2−A)+1×((C+D)/2−A)
から求めることができる。
【0050】
また、血中乳酸値上昇率は、
血中乳酸値上昇率(%)=[(化合物投与群の血中乳酸値のAUC−溶媒投与群の血中乳酸値のAUC)/溶媒投与群の血中乳酸値のAUC]×100
で求められる。
【0051】
ここで、血中乳酸値のAUCとは、グルコース投与後の血中乳酸値変化を時間に対してプロットしたグラフにおいて、グルコース投与2時間後までの面積を表す。具体的には、E=グルコース投与前の血中乳酸値、F=グルコース投与30分後の血中乳酸値、G=グルコース投与1時間後の血中乳酸値、H=グルコース投与2時間後の血中乳酸値としたとき、血中乳酸値のAUCは、以下の式:
血中乳酸値のAUC=0.5×(E+F)/2+0.5×(F+G)/2+1×(G+H)/2
から求めることができる。
【0052】
次に、本発明の糖尿病治療剤の投与対象となる糖尿病患者について説明する。
【0053】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤は上述のように血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させるものであるため、糖尿病患者の中でも、特に乳酸アシドーシスを起こしやすい傾向にある糖尿病患者に対して投与するのに有効である。このような乳酸アシドーシスを起こしやすい糖尿病患者とは、例えば、乳酸アシドーシスの既往を伴う糖尿病患者、腎機能障害を伴う糖尿病患者、肝機能障害を伴う糖尿病患者、心血管系の障害を伴う糖尿病患者、肺機能に障害を伴う糖尿病患者、低酸素血症を伴いやすい糖尿病患者、過度のアルコール摂取者である糖尿病患者、胃腸障害を伴う糖尿病患者及び高齢者である糖尿病患者等を意味する。
【0054】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤は、上述のように特に乳酸アシドーシスを起こしやすい傾向にある糖尿病患者に対して有効であり、中でも腎機能障害を伴う糖尿病患者に対して投与するのに適している。ここで、腎機能障害とは、具体的には、例えば、慢性腎不全、糖尿病性腎症、糸球体腎炎、免疫複合体腎炎、急性腎不全、間質性腎炎、腎硬化症、腎梗塞、尿細管機能異常、薬物による腎障害、農薬による腎障害、尿毒症が挙げられる。
【0055】
次に、本発明の糖尿病治療剤の投与方法について説明する。
【0056】
本発明の糖尿病治療剤の投与方法は特に制限されないが、例えば、前記一般式(1)で表されるビグアニド誘導体又はその薬理上許容される塩と前述の添加成分を用いて医薬組成物(製剤)とし、経口的又は非経口的に投与することができる。
【0057】
また、本発明の医薬組成物の投与量は、投与対象(人をはじめとする温血動物等)の種類、症状の軽重、年齢、投与方法、医師の診断結果等に応じて適宜決定することができるが、例えば経口投与の場合には、成人に対して一般式(1)で表されるビグアニド誘導体の投与量が一日あたり0.1〜2000mg/kgであることが好ましく、非経口投与の場合には、一日あたり0.1〜1000mg/kgであることが好ましい。なお、上記の投与量は投与対象の単位重量(体重1kg)あたりの値である。また、本発明においては、症状の軽重、医師の判断等に応じて、上記投与量を1〜7日間のうちに1回にまとめて投与してもよく、数回に分けて投与してもよい。
【0058】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例に基づいて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0059】
実施例1
(フルフリルビグアニドの合成)
フルフリルアミン(5.0g)のジクロロメタン溶液(50ml)にトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステル(11.2ml)を加え、室温にて30分攪拌した。次に、この溶液にシアノグアニジン(4.33g)を加え終夜攪拌した。反応液をアミン処理シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(メタノール:ジクロロメタン=10:100)に付し、油状の目的物(5.85g)を得た。得られた油状物質の構造解析の結果を以下に示す。
1H−NMR(DMSO−d6) d :4.33(2H,s),6.32(1H,d,J=2.97Hz),6.40(1H,s),6.85(6H,m),7.59(1H,s)
Fab−MS: 182(M+H+)
HPLC RT:6.5分。
【0060】
また、得られた化合物の構造式を以下に示す。
【0061】
【化6】
【0062】
なお、前記アミン処理シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーは、富士シリシア化学株式会社製シリカゲルChromatorex NH DM1020(粒径100mm)を用いた。また、HPLC装置は日立製作所L−6200、HPLC用カラムは野村化学Develosil ODS HG−5 4.6x150mmを使用し、HPLCによる保持時間(RT:min.)の測定は以下の方法によって行った。すなわち、移動相として10%メタノール・0.1M酢酸アンモニウム水溶液を用い、流速:1ml/min.、検知:240nmの条件で行った。
【0063】
実施例2
(1―(5−メチルフルフリル)ビグアニドの合成)
5−メチルフルフリルアミン(3.0g)のジクロロエタン溶液(19ml)にトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリルエステル(5.37ml)を加え、室温にて1時間攪拌した。次に、この溶液にシアノグアニジン(2.27g)を加えて室温にて終夜攪拌した後、1.5時間加熱還流した。反応液を室温まで冷却した後、アミン処理シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(メタノール:ジクロロメタン=10:100)に付し、白色粉末の目的物(4.50g)を得た。得られた白色粉末物質の構造解析の結果を以下に示す。
1H−NMR(DMSO−d6) d :2.24(3H,s),4.25(2H,s),6.00(1H,s),6.18(1H,m),6.40−8.40(6H,m)
Fab−MS: 196(M+H+)
HPLC RT:21.7分。
【0064】
また、得られた化合物の構造を以下に示す。
【0065】
【化7】
【0066】
なお、アミン処理シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー及びHPLCの諸条件は実施例1と同様である。
【0067】
実施例3〜6及び比較例1〜19
11〜17週齢の雌性(C57BLKS/J−m +/+ Lepr<db>(db/db))マウスを18〜24時間絶食し、6匹を1群として試験に用いた。処置前の血糖値及び血中乳酸値を測定するため、尾部から採血した。採血後に、実施例1で合成した化合物を投与量が表1に示す量となるようにリン酸バッファー生理食塩液に溶解し、5ml/kgの用量で皮下投与した(実施例3〜6)。また、表1に示す投与量のフェンホルミン(比較例1〜6)及び表1に示す投与量のメトホルミン(比較例7〜19)を同様に投与した。
【0068】
更に、化合物又は溶媒投与の30分後に、グルコースを3g/6ml/kgの用量で経口投与し、経口糖負荷試験を実施した。グルコース投与の30分、1時間、2時間後に、血糖値及び血中乳酸値測定用の血液を尾部より採取した。血糖値は新ブラッド・シュガーテスト(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティクス株式会社製)を用いて測定した。血中乳酸値は、「アスカ・シグマ」(シグマ・ダイアグノスティクス株式会社製)を用いて測定した。
試験結果を表1及び図1に示す。
【0069】
【表1】
【0070】
その結果、フルフリルビグアニドを投与した場合に、顕著な血糖降下率を示しながらも血中乳酸値の上昇率は非常に低く抑えられていることが確認された。
【0071】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の糖尿病治療剤によれば、血中乳酸値を実質的に上昇させずに血糖値を降下させ、乳酸アシドーシスの惹起を防止する作用を有する治療剤を提供することが可能となる。従って、本発明によって乳酸アシドーシスを起こす可能性がある糖尿病患者に対して、血中乳酸値を上昇させることなく高血糖の予防及び治療が可能な治療剤の提供が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】フルフリルビグアニド、フェンホルミン又はメトホルミン投与による、血糖降下率と血中乳酸値上昇率との関係を示したグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for diabetes, and more particularly to a therapeutic agent for diabetes containing a biguanide derivative or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (insulin-independent) is centered on taking hypoglycemic agents. In addition, it has been clarified that strict glycemic control reduces the rate of transition to complications and mortality. As hypoglycemic agents, oral hypoglycemic agents such as insulin preparations, sulfonylurea agents, thiazolidine derivatives, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanide agents are mainly used. Among these oral hypoglycemic agents, it is known that biguanides are the most effective drugs for patients with type 2 diabetes. As for such biguanide derivatives, many types have been synthesized conventionally. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 3728-3736 (1959) report the hypoglycemic action of various biguanide derivatives. However, it is recognized that such a biguanide derivative generally has a high possibility of causing lactic acidosis, and the above literature has confirmed whether or not the biguanide derivative has an effect of increasing blood lactate level. There wasn't. Therefore, existing biguanides such as metformin are diabetic patients with a history of lactic acidosis, diabetic patients with renal dysfunction, diabetic patients with liver dysfunction, diabetic patients with cardiovascular disorders, Risk of causing lactic acidosis in diabetics with impaired lung function, diabetics prone to hypoxemia, diabetics with excessive alcohol intake, diabetics with gastrointestinal disorders and diabetics with older age In other words, it is contraindicated for use (Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, Japanese Medicine Collection, 23rd Edition, 2094, 2000).
[0003]
In addition, about 10% of patients with type 2 diabetes are said to have overt nephropathy, and many patients cannot take biguanides. In this case, sulfonylureas, thiazolidine derivatives, and insulin preparations are administered, all of which promote a feeling of hunger and, as a result, tend to increase body weight, so are particularly suitable for obese diabetic patients. I can't say that. Therefore, a biguanide agent having a function of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level and having a low possibility of causing lactic acidosis is desired.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, has a blood glucose level that does not substantially increase and has an excellent hypoglycemic effect, and is associated with renal dysfunction and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent for diabetes that can be administered even to a diabetic patient who is prone to suffer from the disease.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that a biguanide derivative having a specific structure has an action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level. The present invention has been completed.
[0006]
That is, the hypoglycemic agent of the present invention is a diabetes therapeutic agent having an action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level, and the therapeutic agent is represented by the general formula (1)
[Chemical 2]
(In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.)
A therapeutic agent for diabetes, comprising a biguanide derivative represented by formula (I) or a salt of the biguanide derivative as an active ingredient.
[0007]
Therefore, the therapeutic agent for diabetes according to the present invention having the action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing the blood lactic acid level is such that the target disease is diabetes associated with a history of lactic acidosis and renal dysfunction. Diabetes associated with diabetes, diabetes associated with liver dysfunction, diabetes associated with cardiovascular disorders, diabetes associated with impaired pulmonary function, diabetes easily associated with hypoxemia, diabetes with excessive alcohol intake, gastrointestinal disorders It is useful as a therapeutic agent for diabetes targeting at least one selected from the group consisting of diabetes associated with diabetes and diabetes of elderly people, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for diabetes targeting diabetes associated with renal dysfunction.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0009]
The therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention is a therapeutic agent for diabetes having an action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level, and the therapeutic agent is represented by the general formula (1).
[Chemical Formula 3]
(In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.)
A therapeutic agent for diabetes, comprising a biguanide derivative represented by formula (I) or a salt of the biguanide derivative as an active ingredient.
[0010]
First, the elements constituting the therapeutic agent for diabetes according to the present invention will be described.
[0011]
The biguanide derivative according to the present invention is:
[Formula 4]
In general formula (1), R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. Here, the lower alkyl group is preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group. Accordingly, R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
[0012]
The salt of the biguanide derivative represented by the general formula (1) may be a pharmacologically acceptable salt, such as a salt with an inorganic acid, a salt with an organic acid, a salt with an acidic amino acid, etc. Is mentioned. Examples of the salt with inorganic acid include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. Examples of the salt with the organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p -Salts with toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Furthermore, examples of the salt with acidic amino acid include salts with aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Among the biguanide derivative salts represented by the general formula (1), a salt with an inorganic acid is preferable, and a salt with hydrochloric acid is more preferable.
[0013]
Here, the biguanide derivative and a salt thereof can be produced by a known method. Specifically, for example, US Pat. No. 3,821,406, Am. Khim. Zh., 27, 1045-47 (1974) ), Chem. Abstr., 82, 170842m (1975), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 3728-3736 (1959), Am. Khim. Zh., 26, 30-34 (1973); Chem. Abstr., 78, 159164p (1973), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 3725-3728 (1959), J. Chem. Soc., 1063-1069 (1946), J. Chem. Soc., 1017 -1031 (1954); Chem. Abstr., 81, 63361 and the like.
[0014]
In addition, the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized using furfurylamine and 5-alkylfurfurylamine as raw materials. Of these, commercially available products (Tokyo Kasei, Aldlich, etc.) can be used as furfurylamine and 5-methylfurfurylamine. In addition, other 5-alkylfurrylamines should be prepared according to known methods (for example, the methods described in Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39 (1), 181-183 (1991)). Can do.
[0015]
Moreover, although the cyanoguanidine is mentioned as another raw material used for manufacture of the said compound (1), The commercial item (Tokyo Kasei, Kanto Chemical, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Aldlich etc.) can be used for this.
[0016]
The compound represented by the general formula (1) is produced by reacting with cyanoguanidine in the presence or absence of a silylating agent in a solvent that does not affect the reaction of furfurylamine or 5-alkylfurfurylamine. can do. Here, examples of the solvent include hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform, preferably dichloromethane. 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene or toluene. Moreover, you may use these solvents as a mixed solvent which mixed 2 or more types.
[0017]
The reaction temperature during the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature from −78 ° C. to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, and is preferably room temperature.
[0018]
Examples of the silylating agent include chlorotrimethylsilane (MeThreeSiCl (hereinafter Me)ThreeSi is abbreviated as TMS)), chlorotriethylsilane (EtThreeSiCl), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (TMSOSO)2CFThree), Methanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (TMSOSO)2CHThree), (TMSO)2SO2, T-BuMe2SiOSO2CFThree, (TMSO) (TMSN) CMe, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester and methanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester are preferable.
[0019]
A scheme of the production method of the general formula (1) described above is shown below.
[0020]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0021]
The antidiabetic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the biguanide derivative or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. For example, excipients, binders, stabilizers, Lubricant, flavoring agent, disintegrating agent, coating agent, colorant, buffering agent, aqueous solvent, oily solvent, tonicity agent, dispersant, preservative, solubilizer, fluidizing agent, soothing agent, pH adjustment What is necessary is just to formulate by mixing with a preservative, a preservative, a base, etc. In addition, a physiologically acceptable carrier can also be used as an additive component for the diabetes therapeutic agent.
[0022]
Examples of the excipient include sugars such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, D-mannitol and sorbit, celluloses such as crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and methylcellulose, and derivatives thereof, corn starch, potato starch, α -Starches such as starch, dextrin, β-cyclodextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl starch and derivatives thereof, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminate silicate, silicates such as calcium silicate and magnesium silicate, calcium phosphate And phosphates such as calcium carbonate, sulfates such as calcium sulfate, tartaric acid, potassium hydrogen tartrate, magnesium hydroxide and the like.
[0023]
Examples of the binder include cellulose such as crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and methylcellulose and derivatives thereof, corn starch, potato starch, α-starch, dextrin, β-cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl starch sodium. And starch such as hydroxypropyl starch and derivatives thereof, lactose, sucrose, glucose, sugars such as D-mannitol and sorbitol, agar, stearyl alcohol, gelatin, tragacanth, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.
[0024]
Examples of the stabilizer include paraoxybenzoates such as methylparaben and propylparaben, alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, phenols such as phenol and cresol, sodium bisulfite and sulfite. Sulfites such as sodium, edetates such as sodium edetate and tetrasodium edetate, hydrogenated oil, sesame oil, sodium chondroitin sulfate, dibutylhydroxytoluene, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid stearate, L-ascorbine Acid sodium, L-aspartic acid, sodium L-aspartate, acetyltryptophan sodium, acetanilide, aprotinin solution, aminoethylsulfonic acid, aminoacetic acid, L- alanine, L- alanine, benzalkonium chloride, sorbic acid and the like.
[0025]
Examples of the lubricant include stearic acid, stearic acid such as calcium stearate and magnesium stearate, wax such as beeswax and carnauba wax, sulfate such as sodium sulfate, magnesium silicate and light anhydrous silicic acid, etc. Silicates, lauryl sulfate such as sodium lauryl sulfate, gum arabic powder, cacao butter, carmellose calcium, carmellose sodium, caropeptide, hydrous silicon dioxide, hydrous amorphous silicon oxide, dry aluminum hydroxide gel, glycerin, light flow Paraffin, crystalline cellulose, hydrogenated oil, synthetic aluminum silicate, sesame oil, wheat starch, talc, macrogol, phosphoric acid and the like can be mentioned.
[0026]
Examples of the flavoring agent include saccharides such as lactose, sucrose, glucose and D-mannitol, ascorbic acid, L-aspartic acid, sodium L-aspartate, magnesium L-aspartate, aspartame, armature, armature extract, Examples include amateur powder, aminoethylsulfonic acid, aminoacetic acid, DL-alanine, sodium saccharin, dl-menthol, and l-menthol.
[0027]
Examples of the disintegrant include cellulose such as crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and methylcellulose and derivatives thereof, carbonates such as calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and magnesium carbonate, corn starch, potato starch, α -Starches such as starch, dextrin, β-cyclodextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch and hydroxypropyl starch, and derivatives thereof such as agar, gelatin, tragacanth, adipic acid, alginic acid, sodium alginate and the like.
[0028]
Examples of the coating agent include cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, shellac, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethylene glycol, macrogol, methacrylic acid copolymers, Examples thereof include liquid paraffin and Eudragit.
[0029]
Examples of the colorant include indigo carmine, caramel, riboflavin and the like.
[0030]
Examples of the buffer include aminoacetic acid, L-arginine, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, dry sodium sulfite, dry sodium carbonate, dilute hydrochloric acid, citric acid, calcium citrate, Sodium citrate, disodium citrate, calcium gluconate, L-glutamic acid, sodium L-glutamate, creatinine, chlorobutanol, crystalline sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium succinate, acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, tartaric acid, carbonic acid Sodium hydrogen, sodium carbonate, triethanolamine, lactic acid, sodium lactate solution, glacial acetic acid, boric acid, maleic acid, anhydrous citric acid, anhydrous sodium citrate, anhydrous sodium acetate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous monobasic sodium hydrogen phosphate , Anhydrous trisodium phosphate, anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dl-malic acid, phosphoric acid, trisodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Examples thereof include sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate.
[0031]
Examples of the aqueous solvent include distilled water, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, and the like.
[0032]
Examples of the oily solvent include vegetable oils such as olive oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil and corn oil, and propylene glycol.
[0033]
Examples of the isotonic agent include potassium chloride, sodium chloride, glycerin, sodium bromide, D-sorbitol, nicotinamide, glucose, boric acid and the like.
[0034]
Examples of the dispersant include stearic acid such as zinc stearate and magnesium stearate and salts thereof, gum arabic, propylene glycol alginate, sorbitan sesquioleate, D-sorbitol, tragacanth, methylcellulose, aluminum monostearate Aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS, lactose, concentrated glycerin, propylene glycol, macrogols, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like.
[0035]
Examples of the preservative include alcohols such as chlorobutanol, phenethyl alcohol, propylene glycol and benzyl alcohol, paraoxybenzoic acid esters such as isobutyl paraoxybenzoate, ethyl paraoxybenzoate and methyl paraoxybenzoate, and benzil chloride. Luconium, benzethonium chloride, dry sodium sulfite, dry sodium sulfate, cresol, chlorocresol, dibutylhydroxytoluene, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, phenol, formalin, phosphoric acid, anchovy, thimerosal, thymol, sodium dehydroacetate, etc. It is done.
[0036]
Examples of the solubilizer include sodium benzoate, ethylenediamine, citric acid, sodium citrate, glycerin, sodium acetate, sodium salicylate, sorbitan sesquioleate, nicotinamide, glucose, benzyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidones, Acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, D-sorbitol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, urea, sucrose and the like can be mentioned.
[0037]
Examples of the fluidizing agent include stearic acid such as calcium stearate and magnesium stearate and salts thereof, hydrous silicon dioxide, talc, anhydrous ethanol, crystalline cellulose, synthetic aluminum silicate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and the like. .
[0038]
Examples of the soothing agent include benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride, meprilucaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, lidocaine and the like.
[0039]
Examples of the pH adjuster include hydrochloric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, maleic acid, sodium hydroxide, and the like.
[0040]
Examples of the preservative include benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, cetylpyridinium chloride, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, thymol, methyl paraoxybenzoate, and butyl paraoxybenzoate.
[0041]
Examples of the base include vegetable oils such as olive oil, sesame oil and wheat germ oil, glycerin, stearyl alcohol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, cetanol, lard, white petrolatum, paraffin, bentonite, lanolin fatty acid isopropyl, petrolatum , Polysorbates, macrogols, lauryl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, ethyl linoleate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, rosin and the like.
[0042]
The amount of the biguanide derivative represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof contained in the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention varies depending on the dosage form, but is 0. 0% relative to the total amount of the therapeutic agent for diabetes (pharmaceutical composition). It is preferable that it is 00001-100 weight%.
[0043]
The dosage form of the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include granules, powders, tablets, capsules, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, etc. Examples of parenteral agents include Injections such as subcutaneous injections, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections and intraperitoneal injections, transdermal preparations such as ointments, creams and lotions, rectal suppositories and vaginal suppositories And nasal preparations. The above-mentioned various preparations can be produced by known methods usually used in the preparation process.
[0044]
Next, the action of “lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level”, which is an action unique to the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention, will be described.
[0045]
In the present invention, to lower the blood glucose level without substantially increasing the blood lactic acid level, when the blood glucose lowering rate and blood lactic acid level are measured by an oral glucose tolerance test, When administered, it means that the blood glucose lowering rate is 35% or less in a dose showing a blood glucose lowering rate of 60-80%, preferably in a dose showing a blood glucose lowering rate of 60-80%, It means that the blood lactic acid level increase rate is 25% or less in a dose having a blood lactic acid level increase rate of 30% or less, more preferably 60 to 80%. That is, for example, when the blood glucose lowering rate and the blood lactic acid level are measured by the oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose levels before administration are generally 4 to 33 mg / dL. Even when the therapeutic agent for diabetes is administered at a dose such that the rate of decrease is 60 to 80%, the blood lactic acid level can be suppressed to 45 mg / dL or less.
[0046]
In addition, although the blood glucose lowering rate and blood lactic acid level measurement by said oral glucose tolerance test can be performed by a well-known method, a preferable method is shown below. That is, first, a female mouse (C57BLKS / Jm + / + Lepr <db> (db / db)) 11 to 17 weeks old is fasted for 18 to 24 hours. At this time, 5 to 6 animals are used as a group for the test. As a control, blood is collected from the tail to measure the blood glucose level and blood lactate level before treatment. After blood collection, the biguanide derivative is dissolved in phosphate buffered saline at an appropriate concentration and administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml / kg. In addition, a mouse to which only the solvent is administered is prepared as a control. Furthermore, 30 minutes after administration of the compound or solvent, glucose is orally administered at a dose of 3 g / 6 ml / kg, and an oral glucose tolerance test is performed. Blood samples are collected from the tail in order to measure blood glucose level and blood lactate level 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after glucose administration. The blood glucose level is measured using a new blood sugar test (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics). The blood lactic acid level is measured using “Asuka Sigma” (manufactured by Sigma Diagnostics).
[0047]
Further, the blood glucose lowering rate and the blood lactic acid level increasing rate are obtained from the following formulas.
[0048]
Hypoglycemic rate (%) = [(AUC of blood glucose increase value of solvent administration group−AUC of blood glucose increase value of compound administration group) / AUC of blood glucose increase value of solvent administration group] × 100
[0049]
Here, the AUC of the blood glucose elevation value is a graph in which the blood glucose level change after glucose administration is plotted against time, and the area of the increased portion up to 2 hours after glucose administration with the blood glucose level before glucose administration as the baseline. To express. Specifically, when A = blood glucose level before glucose administration, B = blood glucose level 30 minutes after glucose administration, C = blood glucose level 1 hour after glucose administration, D = blood glucose level 2 hours after glucose administration, The AUC for elevated blood glucose is given by the following formula:
AUC of blood glucose increase value = 0.5 × ((A + B) / 2−A) + 0.5 × ((B + C) / 2−A) + 1 × ((C + D) / 2−A)
Can be obtained from
[0050]
The rate of increase in blood lactate is
Rate of increase in blood lactate level (%) = [(AUC of blood lactate level of compound administration group−AUC of blood lactate level of solvent administration group) / AUC of blood lactate level of solvent administration group] × 100
Is required.
[0051]
Here, AUC of blood lactic acid level represents an area up to 2 hours after glucose administration in a graph in which changes in blood lactic acid level after glucose administration are plotted against time. Specifically, E = blood lactate value before glucose administration, F = blood lactate value 30 minutes after glucose administration, G = blood lactate value 1 hour after glucose administration, H = 2 hours after glucose administration When the blood lactate level is used, the AUC of the blood lactate level is expressed by the following formula:
AUC of blood lactate level = 0.5 × (E + F) /2+0.5× (F + G) / 2 + 1 × (G + H) / 2
Can be obtained from
[0052]
Next, a diabetic patient who is an administration target of the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention will be described.
[0053]
Since the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention lowers blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level as described above, it is particularly suitable for diabetic patients who tend to cause lactic acidosis. It is effective to administer. Such diabetic patients who are prone to lactic acidosis include, for example, diabetic patients with a history of lactic acidosis, diabetic patients with renal dysfunction, diabetic patients with liver dysfunction, diabetic patients with cardiovascular disorders, It means a diabetic patient with impaired lung function, a diabetic patient who is likely to have hypoxemia, a diabetic patient who is excessively alcoholic, a diabetic patient with gastrointestinal disorder, and a diabetic patient who is an elderly person.
[0054]
As described above, the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention is particularly effective for diabetic patients who tend to cause lactic acidosis, and is suitable for administration to diabetic patients with renal dysfunction. Here, renal dysfunction specifically includes, for example, chronic renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, immune complex nephritis, acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, nephrosclerosis, renal infarction, Examples include renal tubular dysfunction, drug-induced renal damage, pesticide-induced renal damage, and uremia.
[0055]
Next, a method for administering the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention will be described.
[0056]
The method for administering the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a pharmaceutical composition (formulation) using the biguanide derivative represented by the general formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof and the above-mentioned additive component is used. ) And can be administered orally or parenterally.
[0057]
In addition, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention should be appropriately determined according to the type of administration subject (such as warm-blooded animals including humans), severity of symptoms, age, administration method, doctor's diagnosis result, etc. For example, in the case of oral administration, the dose of the biguanide derivative represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 0.1 to 2000 mg / kg per day for an adult, In this case, it is preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg / kg per day. The above dose is a value per unit weight (1 kg body weight) of the administration subject. In the present invention, the above dose may be administered once in 1 to 7 days according to the severity of symptoms, judgment of a doctor, etc., or may be divided into several times. Good.
[0058]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example.
[0059]
Example 1
(Synthesis of furfuryl biguanide)
To a dichloromethane solution (50 ml) of furfurylamine (5.0 g) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (11.2 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Next, cyanoguanidine (4.33 g) was added to this solution and stirred overnight. The reaction solution was subjected to amine-treated silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane = 10: 100) to obtain an oily target product (5.85 g). The results of structural analysis of the obtained oily substance are shown below.
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6D: 4.33 (2H, s), 6.32 (1H, d, J = 2.97 Hz), 6.40 (1H, s), 6.85 (6H, m), 7.59 (1H) , S)
Fab-MS: 182 (M + H+)
HPLC RT: 6.5 minutes.
[0060]
The structural formula of the obtained compound is shown below.
[0061]
[Chemical 6]
[0062]
For the amine-treated silica gel chromatography, silica gel Chromatorex NH DM1020 (particle size: 100 mm) manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd. was used. Further, Hitachi L-6200 was used as the HPLC apparatus, Nomura Chemical Develosil ODS HG-5 4.6 × 150 mm was used as the HPLC column, and the retention time (RT: min.) By HPLC was measured by the following method. That is, a 10% methanol / 0.1 M aqueous ammonium acetate solution was used as the mobile phase, and the flow rate was 1 ml / min. , Detection: Performed under the condition of 240 nm.
[0063]
Example 2
(Synthesis of 1- (5-methylfurfuryl) biguanide)
To a dichloroethane solution (19 ml) of 5-methylfurfurylamine (3.0 g) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (5.37 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Next, cyanoguanidine (2.27 g) was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and then heated to reflux for 1.5 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and then subjected to amine-treated silica gel column chromatography (methanol: dichloromethane = 10: 100) to obtain the desired product (4.50 g) as a white powder. The results of structural analysis of the obtained white powder material are shown below.
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6D: 2.24 (3H, s), 4.25 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, s), 6.18 (1H, m), 6.40-8.40 (6H, m) )
Fab-MS: 196 (M + H+)
HPLC RT: 21.7 minutes.
[0064]
Moreover, the structure of the obtained compound is shown below.
[0065]
[Chemical 7]
[0066]
The conditions for amine-treated silica gel chromatography and HPLC are the same as in Example 1.
[0067]
Examples 3-6 and Comparative Examples 1-19
11 to 17 week old female (C57BLKS / J-m + / + Lepr <db> (db / db)) mice were fasted for 18 to 24 hours, and 6 mice were used as a group for the test. Blood was collected from the tail to measure the blood glucose level and blood lactate level before treatment. After blood collection, the compound synthesized in Example 1 was dissolved in a phosphate buffer physiological saline so that the dose was as shown in Table 1, and subcutaneously administered at a dose of 5 ml / kg (Examples 3 to 6). Moreover, the dosage amount of phenformin (Comparative Examples 1 to 6) shown in Table 1 and the dosage form of metformin (Comparative Examples 7 to 19) shown in Table 1 were similarly administered.
[0068]
Further, 30 minutes after administration of the compound or solvent, glucose was orally administered at a dose of 3 g / 6 ml / kg, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Blood for blood glucose level and blood lactate measurement was collected from the tail 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after glucose administration. The blood glucose level was measured using a new blood sugar test (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics). The blood lactic acid level was measured using “Asuka Sigma” (manufactured by Sigma Diagnostics).
The test results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
[0069]
[Table 1]
[0070]
As a result, it was confirmed that when furfuryl biguanide was administered, the rate of increase in blood lactic acid level was suppressed to a very low level while exhibiting a significant blood glucose lowering rate.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the therapeutic agent for diabetes of the present invention, it is possible to provide a therapeutic agent having an action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level and preventing the initiation of lactic acidosis. Is possible. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a therapeutic agent capable of preventing and treating hyperglycemia without increasing blood lactic acid level for diabetic patients who may cause lactic acidosis.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the blood glucose lowering rate and the blood lactic acid level increasing rate by administration of furfuryl biguanide, phenformin or metformin.
Claims (3)
で表されるビグアニド誘導体又は該ビグアニド誘導体の塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする糖尿病治療剤。A therapeutic agent for diabetes having an action of lowering blood glucose level without substantially increasing blood lactic acid level, wherein the therapeutic agent is represented by the general formula (1)
A therapeutic agent for diabetes, comprising a biguanide derivative represented by formula (I) or a salt of the biguanide derivative as an active ingredient.
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JP2001117269A JP2007008814A (en) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Therapeutic agent for diabetes |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017073729A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 恭正 加藤 | Composition for treating diabetes |
US11701336B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2023-07-18 | Yasumasa Kato | Method of determining composition effective for treating diabetes |
-
2001
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017073729A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 恭正 加藤 | Composition for treating diabetes |
JPWO2017073729A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-10-26 | 恭正 加藤 | Diabetes treatment composition |
KR20180051659A (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2018-05-16 | 야스마사 카토 | Composition for treating diabetes |
US11701336B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2023-07-18 | Yasumasa Kato | Method of determining composition effective for treating diabetes |
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