JP2007008288A - Buoy for high ocean waves - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a buoy for high ocean waves, capable of relieving an impact force against a high impact force from below, and capable of suppressing vertical motions in normal time. <P>SOLUTION: A tail cylinder 2 is disposed immediately under a cylindrical float body 1, and a lower end of the tail pipe 2 is moored. A bottom part of the float body 1 is in a shape of an inverted truncated cone. A ring-like motion control member 4 whose side faces are in the shape of the inverted truncated cone is disposed around the tail pipe 2. At least lower end of the ail pipe 2 is tapered. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a buoy having both performances of mitigating a large impact force from below such as breaking waves and suppressing vertical movement such as micro waves.

At the time of stormy weather, the bottom mooring-type cylindrical buoy moored by the mooring cable on the bottom of the seabed receives impact force from below. In particular, under the condition of breaking waves (the state of the waves collapses and splashes appear outside), the impact force from the bottom is extremely large, leading to accidents in which the buoy body and mounted equipment are damaged, or the mooring line breaks. I can not.
On the other hand, in normal times such as micro waves, the above situation cannot occur, but the buoy swings more than the vertical movement amplitude of the wave front due to resonance with the wave, so the vertical movement swings to ensure the visibility of the light. It is necessary to suppress this.

Normally, buoys with small diameter floats are used where the water depth in shallow waters is shallow, while buoys with large diameter floats are used where the water depths in high wave seas are deep. While the impact force from the water is required to be relaxed, it is necessary to suppress the vertical movement at a deep water depth.
As described above, the lower end mooring type buoy requires at least the performance of mitigating the impact force from the bottom and suppressing the vertical movement, and it can be said that the ratio varies depending on the sea area used.

  Therefore, the present applicant has conducted extensive research on these performances and conducted extensive research. And for the suppression of vertical movement, an inverted frustoconical skirt is attached to the tail cylinder provided directly below the floating body, the upper end of the skirt is fixed to the floating body, and a large number of water holes are formed in the vicinity thereof, Moreover, what developed the thing which provided the clearance gap with respect to the side surface of a tail cylinder, and let the lower end of a skirt pass water (for example, refer patent document 1).

Patent No. 1246385 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-20516)

  When the buoy moves downward, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 11 (b), water enters in a jet state from the lower end opening of the skirt S ′ and pressurizes the lower surface of the floating body 1 ′. Is generated, and the downward movement can be prevented. On the contrary, when the buoy moves upward, the water in the skirt S ′ is returned to the outside from the opening at the lower end, but the large number of water holes s ′ formed in the upper part of the skirt S ′ are small. Sudden reflux is prevented, and inertial force acts to prevent sudden rise of the floating body.

  Thus, the buoy in the above invention has only the performance of “suppressing vertical movement” and cannot mitigate the impact force from below. Therefore, the present applicant further develops the present invention and makes it possible to achieve “relaxation of impact force from below”, which cannot be achieved by this invention, thereby achieving “relaxation of impact force from below”. And “up and down motion suppression”.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, in a buoy of a type in which a tail tube is provided directly below the floating body and the lower end of the tail tube is moored, the bottom of the floating body has an inverted frustoconical shape, A movement control member having a side inverted frustoconical shape is provided around the periphery, and at least a lower end of the tail tube is tapered.

  For large impact forces from below such as breaking waves, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 6 (a), the impact flow from below is shunted without peeling off at the tapered part at the lower end of the tail tube, and around the tail tube After that, the direction is changed so that the flow is spread with respect to the central axis in the vertical direction of the buoy, and finally the inverted frustoconical shape at the bottom of the floating body is changed. Can lead to part. Therefore, it does not hit the flat part at the lower end of the floating body, and the fluid efficacy coefficient from below is remarkably reduced, so that the impact force from below can be reduced.

  On the other hand, during normal times such as micro waves, the buoy tends to cause a large vertical movement due to resonance with the wave. First, when the buoy moves downward, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 6 (c), it receives a small upward resistance on the same principle as when receiving a large impact force from below, but receives a large impact force from below. Therefore, the flow direction change by the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member is slightly smaller, and the flow from below hits the flat portion at the lower end of the floating body, where the pressure rises. Therefore, according to this principle, an upward damping force is generated in the buoy, and the downward movement is suppressed.

  Conversely, when the buoy moves upward, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the flow flowing along the inverted frustoconical portion of the bottom of the floating body hits the tip of the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member. A vortex is generated, and the pressure on the side of the motion control member of the side inverted frustoconical shape decreases, and the pressure at that portion increases because it cannot flow into the back of the motion control member of the side inverted frustoconical shape (dead water area) . Therefore, a downward damping force is generated in the buoy due to this pressure difference in the vicinity of the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member, and the upward movement is suppressed.

  As described above, the impact force can be reduced with respect to a large impact force from below, and the vertical movement during normal time can be suppressed. Therefore, it can be said that it has both “relaxation of impact force from below” and “suppression of vertical movement”.

It is most preferable that the motion control member is a ring shape having a side inverted frustoconical shape and is attached with a gap between it and the bottom of the floating body.
In this case, during the upward movement of the buoy such as micro waves, the pressure inside the motion control member, which is the dead water area, can be clearly increased compared to the pressure outside the motion control member. Due to this pressure difference in the vicinity of the member, a downward damping force is reliably generated in the buoy, and upward movement can be more reliably suppressed.

Regarding the gap between the motion control member and the bottom of the floating body, the degree of the effect of buffering the impact force from below (buffering effect) and the effect of suppressing the vertical movement (damping effect) are changed by this gap. When the gap is narrow, the buffering effect is large, and when the gap is gradually widened, the flow easily hits the flat portion 1b of the floating body 1, and the buffering effect becomes small. Conversely, the damping effect increases as the gap gradually increases, but does not change when the gap exceeds a certain level.
By adjusting this gap, the balance between the effect of buffering the impact from below (buffer effect) and the effect of suppressing vertical movement (attenuation effect) can be adjusted.

It is preferable to keep the maximum diameter of the motion control member within a range that does not protrude from the ground line even when the buoy is laid on the ground.
In this case, even if the buoy is laid on the ground, the maximum diameter portion of the motion control member does not come into contact with the ground, which is advantageous.

The tapered portion of the tail tube also serves as a side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member, and its upper edge is outward from the inverted frustoconical portion at the bottom of the floating body as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). You may make it protrude.
In this case, a vortex can be generated in the vicinity of the upper edge portion of the tapered tail cylinder / motion control member protruding from the inverted frustoconical portion at the bottom of the floating body. Therefore, it exerts its function against impact force from below and up and down movement.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the impact force against a large impact force from below, and to suppress the vertical movement during normal times.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a downward damping force can be surely generated in the buoy, so that an upward movement can be more reliably suppressed. Further, by adjusting the gap between the motion control member and the bottom of the floating body, the balance between the effect of buffering the impact force from below (buffer effect) and the effect of suppressing vertical movement (attenuation effect) can be adjusted.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is an advantage that even if the buoy is laid on the ground, the maximum diameter portion of the motion control member does not contact the ground, which is advantageous.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a vortex can be generated in the vicinity of the upper edge portion of the tapered tail cylinder / motion control member protruding from the inverted frustoconical portion at the bottom of the floating body. This has the advantage of exhibiting the respective functions with respect to the impact force from the top and the vertical movement.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a high-frequency wave buoy adopting the present invention, in which (a) is used at the shallowest depth and (b) to (d) are used gradually at deeper depths (e ) Indicates what is used most deeply. For the buoy used in the shallowest part, the diameter of the cylindrical floating body 1 is minimized, and for the buoy used in the deeper place, the diameter of the cylindrical floating body 1 is gradually increased and the deepest. By the way, about the buoy to be used, the diameter of the cylindrical floating body 1 is made the maximum.

Each floating body 1 has a cylindrical shape, and the bottom thereof has an inverted frustoconical shape. However, the inclination angle of the floating body 1 is different between a buoy used at a relatively shallow depth and a buoy used at a relatively deep depth. For example, for a buoy used in a relatively shallow place, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), when the inclination angle β ₁ is 30 degrees, as shown in FIGS. 1 (d) and 1 (e). The inclination angle β ₁ ′ is 45 degrees. In order to give priority to the impact force relaxation from below, the inclination angle is reduced, and in order to give priority to suppression of vertical movement, the inclination angle is increased.
Thus, in the conventional buoy, for example, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the bottom of the floating body 1 ′ is normally formed in an outer projecting arc shape, whereas in the present invention, the bottom of each floating body 1 is Both are inverted frustoconical.

On the other hand, a tail tube 2 is provided immediately below each cylindrical floating body 1, and at least a lower end of the tail tube 2 is tapered, and a mooring ring 3 is attached to the lower end surface.
The mooring ring 3 is moored at the upper end of the mooring line moored at the lower end to the weight as in the conventional case. However, for the sake of convenience, illustration of these is omitted. As for the buoy mooring method, there is a method of mooring the upper end of the mooring line to the floating body 1, but the buoy shown here is a method of mooring the lower end of the tail tube 2.

The length of each tail tube 2 is short for a buoy used in a shallow place and long for a buoy used in a deep place. Then, around each tail cylinder 2, a side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4 is attached while maintaining a gap with the bottom of the floating body 1.
The movement control member 4 may be a solid inverted truncated cone having an inverted frustoconical shape when viewed from the side, or may be a ring having an inverted lateral truncated cone shape.
In particular, for the buoy used in the shallowest position, that is, in the case shown in FIG. 1 (a), it is preferable that the gap between the motion control member 4 and the bottom of the floating body 1 is zero as much as possible. The tapered portion 2a of the transition piece 2 also serves as the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4, and the upper end edge thereof is an inverted frustoconical portion 1a at the bottom of the floating body 1 as shown in FIGS. Rather than outward.

Each floating body 1 of each buoy is equipped with a lantern A. As is clear from comparison of FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (e), the buoy to be used at the shallowest position is the lantern A. For buoys that are closest (low) to the water surface and are gradually deeper, the position of the lantern A is gradually higher from the water surface, and for buoys that are used at the deepest position, the position of the lantern A is farthest from the water surface. (high).

On each floating body 1 of each buoy, both the power supply chamber B and the yagura C are arranged. In particular, for a buoy having a high yagura C other than that shown in FIG. 1 (a), a simple radar reflector D is arranged on each yagura C. In addition, as for the buoy shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E, a dance ground E is also attached to the Yagra C.
These equipments are also arranged in the conventional buoys, and in FIG. 10 showing them, each is indicated by A ′, B ′, C ′, D ′, E ′. Further, the conventional buoy is also provided with a tail tube 2 'immediately below the floating body 1', and a mooring ring 3 'is attached to the lower end surface thereof.

Of the series of buoys shown in FIG. 1, the buoy of FIG. 1 (c) is enlarged to FIG. 2, the buoy of FIG. 1 (e) is enlarged to FIG. 3, and the buoy of FIG. The buoy is shown enlarged in FIG. As is apparent from these drawings, the inclination angle β ₂ (FIGS. 2 and 3) of the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4 is, for example, 30 degrees, and the tapered portion of the tail cylinder 2 is The inclination angle β ₂ (FIG. 5) of the transition piece 2 when the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4 is also used is, for example, 30 degrees.
Note that the buoys shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D are not shown in an enlarged manner, but even in those cases, the inclination angle of each motion control member 4 is, for example, 30 degrees, and the series shown in FIG. The inclination angles of the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control members 4 in the buoy are the same. This angle can be freely changed within a range of 20 to 35 degrees, for example.

Next, in the case where the buoy exemplified here is moored in a high wave sea area, the situation when receiving a large impact force from below such as breaking waves and when moving up and down normally such as a micro wave will be described in detail.
First, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 6 (a), the impact flow from below is shunted without peeling off at the tapered portion 2a at the lower end of the tail tube 2 for large impact forces from below such as breaking waves. Then, the direction is changed so that the flow spreads with respect to the central axis X in the vertical direction of the buoy by the motion control member 4 having a side inverted frustoconical shape. , Can be led to an inverted frustoconical portion 1 a at the bottom of the floating body 1. Therefore, it does not hit the flat portion 1b at the lower end of the floating body 1 and the fluid efficacy coefficient from below is remarkably reduced, so that the impact force from below can be reduced.

  On the other hand, during normal times such as micro waves, the buoy tends to cause a large vertical movement due to resonance with the wave. First, when the buoy moves downward, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 6 (c), it receives a small upward resistance on the same principle as when receiving a large impact force from below, but receives a large impact force from below. Therefore, the flow direction change by the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4 is slightly smaller, the flow from below hits the flat portion 1b at the lower end of the floating body 1, and the pressure rises here. Therefore, according to this principle, an upward damping force is generated in the buoy, and the downward movement is suppressed.

  On the other hand, when the buoy moves upward, as shown in FIG. 6B, the flow flowing along the inverted frustoconical portion 1a at the bottom of the floating body 1 is a ring-shaped motion control member 4 having a side inverted frustoconical shape. A vortex is generated by hitting the tip of the ring, and the pressure outside the ring-shaped motion control member 4 having the side inverted frustoconical shape decreases, and the vortex flows inside the ring-shaped motion control member 4 having the side inverted frustoconical shape. Since it cannot be put in, the pressure of the part rises (dead water area). Therefore, a downward damping force is generated in the buoy due to the pressure difference in the vicinity of the ring-shaped motion control member 4 having a side inverted frustoconical shape, and the upward movement is suppressed.

On the other hand, the motion control member 4 may be a solid inverted truncated cone that is not a side inverted frustoconical ring shape but is an inverted truncated cone when viewed from the side. In particular, in the buoy used in the shallowest position, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), it is preferable that the gap between the motion control member 4 and the bottom of the floating body 1 is zero as much as possible. The tapered portion 2a of the tail cylinder 2 also serves as the side-side inverted frustoconical motion control member 4, and its upper edge is the inverted frustoconical portion 1a at the bottom of the floating body 1 as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). Rather than outward.
In this case, a vortex can be generated in the vicinity of the upper edge 4a of the tapered tail cylinder 2 / motion control member 4 protruding from the inverted frustoconical portion 1a at the bottom of the floating body 1. According to the same principle as the above, it exerts its function against impact force from below and up and down movement.

Thus, the high wave buoy shown here can relieve the impact force from a large impact force from below, and can suppress vertical movement during normal times. Therefore, it can be said that both the performance of “relaxation of impact force from below” and “suppression of vertical movement” are provided.
Note that the damping force during the vertical movement of the buoy is larger in the upward movement than in the downward movement as a whole, but the average of the reciprocation is at least equal to or higher than that of the conventional buoy. Has been confirmed in a water tank experiment.

As for the gap between the motion control member 4 and the bottom of the floating body 1 in FIG. 7 (a), the degree of the effect of buffering the impact force from below (buffering effect) and the effect of suppressing the vertical movement (damping effect) by this gap. Change. In the aquarium experiment, the effect of buffering the impact from below (buffer effect) is grasped as a drag coefficient, and the effect of suppressing vertical movement (damping effect) is grasped as a damping coefficient. Can be confirmed. Furthermore, as is clear from the graph of FIG. 7B, the buffering effect is large when the gap is narrow, and the flow is likely to hit the flat portion 1b of the floating body 1 when the gap is gradually widened, and the buffering effect is reduced. Come. Conversely, the damping effect increases as the gap gradually increases, but does not change when the gap exceeds a certain level.
By adjusting this gap, the balance between the effect of buffering the impact from below (buffer effect) and the effect of suppressing vertical movement (attenuation effect) can be adjusted.

On the other hand, the ratio of the effect of mitigating impact force from the bottom and the ratio of the effect of suppressing vertical movement are in a contradictory relationship between using a buoy in a relatively shallow area and using a buoy in a deep area. It can be said.
For example, for a buoy used in a relatively shallow sea where waves are frequently broken, the diameter of the floating body 1 is small, and from the viewpoint of safety, there is almost no human ride during maintenance, and the visibility of the light The ratio of the effect of suppressing vertical movement may be relatively small, while the ratio of the effect of mitigating impact force from the bottom should be extremely small. Don't be. On the other hand, buoys used in deep waters are equipped with a lot of equipment and are highly important as navigation signs, so they are not only frequently used during maintenance and other times, but also require high visibility of lights. Therefore, the ratio of the effect of suppressing the vertical movement has to be extremely large, but since the frequency of breaking waves is low, the ratio of the effect of reducing the impact force from below may be relatively small.

Therefore, when a buoy is used in a relatively shallow sea area, usually a floating body having a relatively small diameter is used, and an inverted frustoconical part at the bottom of the floating body 1 is used as shown in FIGS. The inclination angle β _{1 of} 1a is set to 30 degrees, and the effect of reducing the impact force from below is prioritized.
On the other hand, when using a buoy in a relatively deep sea area, as shown in FIGS. 1 (d) and (e), a floating body having a relatively large diameter is generally used and an inverted frustoconical shape at the bottom of the floating body 1 is used. The inclination angle β ₁ ′ of the portion 1a is set to 45 degrees, and the effect of suppressing the vertical movement is prioritized over the effect of reducing the impact force from below.

  In the case of a buoy that is moored at the lower end and has a relatively high yagura C, it is often laid on the ground Y during maintenance and storage, or when transported by sea, as shown in FIG. In addition, the motion control member 4 is arranged so that only the lower peripheral edge of the transition piece 2 located directly below the floating body 1 and the large diameter portion of the floating body 1 are in contact with the ground Y and the other portions are not in contact with the ground Y. Is kept within a range that does not protrude from the ground Y line.

  FIG. 9 shows an example in which at least the lower end of the tail cylinder 2 is tapered. In FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b), a solid weight 2b is inserted into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube 2 and cut so as to bite the opposite side surfaces of the lower end downward and moored at the lower end. Ring 3 is attached. In FIG. 9 (c), cutting is performed so that the entire circumferential surface of the solid weight 2b inserted into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube 2 goes down, and the mooring ring 3 is attached to the lower end. In FIG. 9 (d), the lower end of the solid weight 2b inserted into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube 2 is a solid cone, and a horizontal hole 2c is formed in the solid cone 2b. is there. Further, in FIG. 9 (e), the lower end of the solid weight 2b inserted into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube 2 is not tapered, but the anchor ring 3 is attached to the lower end, and the tail tube 2 including the periphery thereof is attached. The lower end of the tail tube 2 is covered with a flexible cover 7 and the lower end of the tail tube 2 is tapered.

  As shown in FIG. 9 (a), a plurality of ribs 8 and 8 are attached to the periphery of the tail tube 2, and these are attached to the bottom plate 1c of the floating body 1, whereby the strength of the joint portion with the floating body 1 is increased. It is devised to increase. Further, a center pipe 9 is arranged in the vertical direction immediately below the power supply chamber B on the floating body 1 as shown in FIG. Furthermore, between the periphery of the center pipe 9 and the inner peripheral surface of the floating body 1 is filled with a filler made of urethane or other synthetic resin, but this is omitted in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a series of buoys according to the present invention. It is an enlarged view of the buoy shown in FIG.1 (c). FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the buoy shown in FIG. It is the schematic which shows the relationship between the cylindrical tail cylinder and the ring-shaped motion control member of the side inverted frustoconical shape attached to it, (a) is a plan view showing a part cut, (b) is a part FIG. 5 is a side view showing the floating body together with a part of the floating body. It is an enlarged view of the buoy shown to Fig.1 (a), (a) is a whole side view, (b) is the schematic which shows the combined use state of a transition piece and a motion control member. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation principle of the buoy according to the present invention, where (a) shows a situation when receiving a large impact force from below, and (b) shows a situation when moving up and down normally such as a micro wave. It is a figure for explaining that the degree of the buffering effect and the damping effect varies depending on the gap between the motion control member and the bottom of the floating body. FIG. 5B is a side view showing the case of widening, and FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the buffering effect and the damping effect. It is a side view at the time of putting the buoy of this invention on the ground. In the figure showing an example in which at least the lower end of the tail tube is tapered, (a) inserts a solid weight into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube, and goes down on both sides facing the lower end A front view of a partially cut-out view showing a state in which a mooring ring is attached to the lower end, (b) is a side view thereof, and (c) is a solid state inserted into the lower end of a cylindrical tail tube. A front view and a side view showing a state in which a mooring ring is attached to the lower end of the weight, and the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube is inserted into the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube. A front view and a side view showing a state in which the lower end portion of the solid weight is a solid cone, a lateral hole is formed therein, and the portion is a mooring ring, (e) is the lower end of the cylindrical tail tube Attach a mooring ring to the lower end of the solid weight inserted into the Circumference is a front view and a side view showing a state in which the tapered lower end of the transition piece to the lower end of the transition piece is covered with flexible cover including. It is an enlarged view which shows an example of the conventional lower end mooring type buoy. In the enlarged view of a part thereof, it is a schematic view showing the relationship between a cylindrical tail cylinder and a ring-shaped skirt of a side inverted frustoconical shape attached thereto, (a) is a plan view showing a part cut away, (b) is a side view in which a part is cut, and a part of the floating body is also shown.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Floating body, 1a ... Reverse frustoconical part, 1b ... Flat part, 1c ... Bottom plate, 2 ... Tail tube, 2a ... Tapered part, 2b ... Weight, 2c ... Side hole, 3 ... Mooring ring, 4 ... Motion control member, A ... Lamp, B ... Power supply room, C ... Yagura.

Claims (4)

  A buoy having a tail cylinder directly under the floating body and mooring the lower end of the tail cylinder, wherein the bottom of the floating body has an inverted frustoconical shape, and a laterally inverted frustoconical motion control member around the tail cylinder Further, at least the lower end of the tail tube is tapered, and the high wave buoy is characterized in that:   The high-wave wave buoy according to claim 1, wherein the motion control member is a ring shape having a side inverted frustoconical shape and is attached with a gap between the movement control member and the bottom of the floating body.   The high-wave wave buoy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the maximum diameter of the motion control member is limited to a range that does not protrude from the ground line even when the buoy is laid on the ground.   The tapered portion of the tail tube also serves as a motion control member having a side inverted frustoconical shape, and an upper end edge thereof protrudes outward from the inverted frustoconical portion of the bottom of the floating body. High wave buoy.

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