JP2007005977A - Gradation correction method - Google Patents

Gradation correction method Download PDF

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JP2007005977A
JP2007005977A JP2005181788A JP2005181788A JP2007005977A JP 2007005977 A JP2007005977 A JP 2007005977A JP 2005181788 A JP2005181788 A JP 2005181788A JP 2005181788 A JP2005181788 A JP 2005181788A JP 2007005977 A JP2007005977 A JP 2007005977A
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color
lightness
correction method
color reproduction
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Rie Kajiwara
理恵 梶原
Hisanori Washimi
尚紀 鷲見
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Canon Inc
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gradation correction method for achieving color matching by gradation compression capable of reproducing storage colors or the like such as a skin color and a blue color of the sky which are visually suitable by particularly taking notice of a low lightness region independently of a size and a shape of a color reproduction region. <P>SOLUTION: In the case of correcting a second color reproduction region in two different color reproduction regions by using the first color reproduction gamut for a target, when the lightness and the color tone at minimum lightness / highest lightness points of one of the respective color reproduction regions differ from those of the other, a lightness difference of a prescribed lightness or below or a prescribed lightness or over is obtained and the difference is applied to gradation processing for the cases with the prescribed lightness or below and the prescribed lightness or over only. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明階調補正方法に関し、特に、カラーマッチングおよびその階調圧縮方法、例えば、カラー処理装置におけるルックアップテーブルの作成やカラーマッチング手法に関する。   The present invention relates to a tone correction method, and more particularly, to color matching and a tone compression method thereof, for example, a lookup table creation and a color matching method in a color processing apparatus.

カラープリンタの色再現域は記録媒体やインク特性によって異なり、各記録媒体に印刷されるカラー画像の色を測色的な意味において完全に一致させることは不可能である。従って、各記録媒体に形成されたカラー画像を人間が視覚する際、各画像間の色味に大きな差異が感じられる。   The color gamut of a color printer varies depending on the recording medium and ink characteristics, and it is impossible to completely match the colors of the color images printed on the respective recording media in a colorimetric sense. Therefore, when a human visually recognizes a color image formed on each recording medium, a great difference in color between the images is felt.

従来は色再現域が異なっている場合、明度や彩度に関わらず、個々の色再現域に応じた階調補正を行い、色補正ルックアップテーブルを作成していた。   Conventionally, when the color gamuts are different, tone correction according to each color gamut is performed regardless of lightness or saturation, and a color correction lookup table is created.

このように、色再現域が異なる記録媒体間において、形成されるカラー画像の知覚上の色味の違いを吸収し、色味の知覚的一致を図るための画像技術として、ガマット圧縮あるいはカラーマッチングが存在する。これらの技術について種々の提案がなされている。   In this way, gamut compression or color matching is used as an image technology to absorb the difference in perceptual color of the formed color image between recording media with different color gamuts and to achieve perceptual matching of color. Exists. Various proposals have been made for these techniques.

例えば、均等色空間やＨＶＣ色空間（明度、色相、彩度に関する情報からなる色空間）上で、対象デバイス・記録媒体の色再現域の外であるか否かを判定し、色再現域外の色を、明度と色相が同じで、彩度が最大の色に修正する方法がある。また、階調性をできるだけ失わないという条件の下、色再現域全体を圧縮する方法で、色空間の領域に応じて圧縮率を変更する方法もある。また、例えば、下記特許文献１においては、第一の色再現域を、より狭い第二の色再現域にマッピングする場合、前記第一および第二の色再現域の共通領域を抽出し、前記第一の色再現域から前記共通領域を除いた領域を、前記第二の色再現域から前記共通領域を除いた領域へマッピングすることを示している。
特開２００３−１５３０２０号公報 For example, on the uniform color space or HVC color space (color space consisting of information on lightness, hue, and saturation), it is determined whether or not the color reproduction range of the target device / recording medium is outside the color reproduction range. There is a method of correcting the color to the color having the same lightness and hue and the maximum saturation. In addition, there is a method in which the compression ratio is changed according to the region of the color space by compressing the entire color reproduction region under the condition that gradation is not lost as much as possible. Further, for example, in Patent Document 1 below, when mapping the first color gamut to a narrower second color gamut, the common area of the first and second color gamuts is extracted, It shows that the area obtained by removing the common area from the first color reproduction area is mapped to the area obtained by removing the common area from the second color reproduction area.
JP2003-153020A

しかし、上記の、色再現域外の色を明度と色相が同じで、彩度が最大の色に修正する方法は、色再現域内においては良好な結果が得られるものの、色再現域外の色については階調の喪失などの発生により、画像情報が著しく損なわれてしまう。   However, the method of correcting the color outside the color gamut to the color with the same brightness and hue and the maximum saturation can give good results within the color gamut, but for colors outside the color gamut, Due to the occurrence of gradation loss, the image information is significantly impaired.

また、階調性をできるだけ失わないように色再現域全体を圧縮する方法は、すべての色について測色的な色の違い（色差）が発生するため、各記録媒体に形成されるカラー画像の色が著しく異なって観察される。   In addition, the method of compressing the entire color gamut so as not to lose gradation as much as possible causes a colorimetric color difference (color difference) for all colors. The color is observed to be significantly different.

また、色空間の領域によって圧縮率を変更する方法は、各領域の圧縮率の設定方法が複雑という問題がある。   Further, the method of changing the compression rate depending on the color space region has a problem that the method for setting the compression rate of each region is complicated.

更に、特許文献１においては、色再現域の広狭が限定されており、また、明度に依らず色再現域の共通部分はそのままマッピングを行うため、低明度領域の色再現域が有効に使いきれない。   Further, in Patent Document 1, the range of the color gamut is limited, and since the common part of the color gamut is mapped as it is regardless of the brightness, the color gamut in the low brightness area can be used effectively. Absent.

本発明は、色再現域の広狭や形状に関わらず、特に低明度領域に着目し、且つ視覚的に好適な肌色や空の青などの記憶色等が再現可能な階調圧縮によるカラーマッチングを実現する階調補正方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention focuses on the low lightness region regardless of the color reproduction range and shape, and performs color matching by tone compression that can reproduce visually suitable skin color, memory color such as sky blue, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a gradation correction method to be realized.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の階調補正方法では、異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、それぞれの色再現域の最低明度Ｌ*が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以下の明度差を求め、その差分を前記ある一定明度以下の階調処理に適用することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, according to the gradation correction method of the present invention, when performing color correction in the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts, When the minimum lightness L * of the reproduction area is different, a lightness difference below a certain lightness is obtained and the difference is applied to the gradation processing below the certain lightness.

また、異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、それぞれの色再現域の最低明度における色味a*b*が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以下の色味差を求め、その差分を前記ある一定明度以下の色味処理に適用することを特徴とする。   In addition, when performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts, the color a * b * at the minimum lightness of each color gamut differs. A difference in hue below a certain lightness is obtained, and the difference is applied to the color processing below the certain lightness.

本発明を実現することによって、視覚的に違いの大きさを感知し易い記憶色等の部分は変更することなく、低明度領域または高明度領域のみの階調を調整して色再現域の違いを吸収するカラーマッチングを実現することができる。   By realizing the present invention, the color reproduction range difference is adjusted by adjusting the gradation of only the low lightness area or the high lightness area without changing the portion such as the memory color that is easily perceived as the size of the difference visually. Color matching that absorbs the light can be realized.

以下に、図式を参照して、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。なお、色空間は限定されないが、以下では既存の色補正済みの第１の色再現域をターゲットとして、第２の色再現域の最低明度のもつ明度が第１の色再現域の最低明度のもつ明度より高い場合の明度の調整方法を例に説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Although the color space is not limited, in the following, the lightness of the lowest lightness of the first color reproduction area is set to the lightness of the first color reproduction area, targeting the existing first color reproduction area after color correction. A method for adjusting the brightness when the brightness is higher than the brightness will be described as an example.

図１に色再現域の一例を示す。図中の実線１０１がターゲットとなる第１の色再現域の階調カーブで、その最低明度点が１０２である。今、第２の色再現域の最低明度点が１０３にある時、１０２と１０３の差分から、ある一定の明度１０４を決定する。例えば、１０２及び１０３が共に２０以下の場合には、１０４をＬ＊＝３０とするのが好ましいことが、経験的に分かっている。ここで、１０４の明度における１０１上の点１０５と１０２及び１０３とを結んだ直線１０６及び１０７は、階調格子（横軸）をｘとすると、 FIG. 1 shows an example of the color reproduction area. A solid line 101 in the figure is a gradation curve of the first color gamut to be targeted, and its minimum brightness point is 102. Now, when the lowest brightness point of the second color reproduction area is at 103, a certain brightness 104 is determined from the difference between 102 and 103. For example, it is empirically known that when both 102 and 103 are 20 or less, it is preferable to set 104 to L * = 30. Here, the straight lines 106 and 107 connecting the points 105, 102, and 103 on the 101 at the lightness of 104 are represented by x as the gradation grid (horizontal axis).

Figure 2007005977
と求まる。この差分１０８を１０２に加算することによって、１０４の明度に近い箇所では変化量が小さく、自然な階調補正が実現できる。
Figure 2007005977
It is obtained. By adding this difference 108 to 102, the amount of change is small at locations near the lightness of 104, and natural gradation correction can be realized.

また１０８を差分ではなく、比として   108 as a ratio, not a difference

Figure 2007005977
求め、それを１０１の階調カーブに掛け合わせても良い。
Figure 2007005977
It may be obtained and multiplied by 101 gradation curves.

更に、最高明度の違いも、上記過程のように算出して階調補正を行う。   Further, the difference in maximum brightness is also calculated as in the above process, and gradation correction is performed.

以下に、図式を参照して、本発明の実施の一例である、グレーラインの最低明度点の色度点の違いの補正方法を説明する。   Hereinafter, a method for correcting a difference in chromaticity point of the minimum lightness point of a gray line, which is an example of an embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to the drawings.

図２にグレーラインの最低明度におけるａ＊色調ｂ＊の違いの一例を示す。ここで第１の色再現域におけるグレーラインの最低明度点の色調が２０１、第２の色再現域におけるグレーラインの最低明度点の色調が２０２であるとき、この差 FIG. 2 shows an example of the difference in a * tone b * at the minimum brightness of the gray line. Here, when the tone of the lowest lightness point of the gray line in the first color gamut is 201 and the tone of the lowest lightness point of the gray line in the second color gamut is 202, this difference

Figure 2007005977
をある一定明度以下で補正する処理方法を図３に示す。
Figure 2007005977
FIG. 3 shows a processing method for correcting the image with a certain lightness or less.

図中の実線３０１がターゲットとなる第１の色再現域の階調カーブで、その最低明度点が３０２である。ここで、第２の色再現域のグレーラインの最低明度点の明度は、同じであるか、図１の方法によって補正された後であるとする。   A solid line 301 in the figure is a gradation curve of the first color gamut to be targeted, and its minimum brightness point is 302. Here, it is assumed that the lightness of the lowest lightness point of the gray line in the second color gamut is the same or after being corrected by the method of FIG.

図１同様、ある一定の明度３０３を決定し、３０３と３０２の差、   As in FIG. 1, a certain lightness 303 is determined, and the difference between 303 and 302,

Figure 2007005977
を求める。
Figure 2007005977
Ask for.

Figure 2007005977
を次式（５）、（６）のように補正する。
Figure 2007005977
Is corrected as in the following equations (5) and (6).

Figure 2007005977
Figure 2007005977

これによって、低明度部の色調の違いを、階調特性を利用することにより、滑らかに補正することができる。   Accordingly, the difference in color tone of the low brightness portion can be smoothly corrected by using the gradation characteristics.

低明度領域の階調調整方法の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the gradation adjustment method of a low brightness area | region. グレーラインの最低明度における色調a*b*の違いの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the difference of the color tone a * b * in the minimum brightness of a gray line. 低明度領域の色調補正方法の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the color correction method of a low brightness area | region.

Claims (16)

異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最低明度が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以下のグレーラインの明度差を求め、その差分を前記ある一定明度以下で第２の色再現域における階調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the minimum lightness of the gray line in each color gamut is different, the lightness difference of the gray line below a certain lightness is obtained, and the gradation process in the second color gamut is below the certain lightness. A gradation correction method characterized by being applied to the above. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度の差分により決定することを特徴とする請求項１記載の階調補正方法。   2. The gradation correction method according to claim 1, wherein the certain lightness is determined by a difference in minimum lightness of respective gray lines of the first color reproduction region and the second color reproduction region. 前記明度差は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度と、第１の色再現域での、ある一定の明度値とを結ぶ直線から、階調格子毎に決定する請求項１または２記載の階調補正方法。   The brightness difference is determined from the straight line connecting the minimum brightness of each gray line in the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area and a certain brightness value in the first color reproduction area. The gradation correction method according to claim 1, wherein the gradation correction method is determined for each lattice. 異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最高明度が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以上のグレーラインの明度差を求め、その差分を前記ある一定明度以上で第２の色再現域における階調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the maximum lightness of the gray lines in each color gamut is different, the lightness difference of the gray line above a certain lightness is obtained, and the gradation processing in the second color gamut is performed with the difference exceeding the certain lightness. A gradation correction method characterized by being applied to the above. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最高明度の差分により決定することを特徴とする請求項４記載の階調補正方法。   5. The gradation correction method according to claim 4, wherein the certain brightness is determined by a difference in maximum brightness between gray lines of the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area. 前記明度差は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度と、第１の色再現域での、ある一定の明度値とを結ぶ直線から、階調格子毎に決定する事を特徴とする請求項４または５記載の階調補正方法。   The brightness difference is determined from the straight line connecting the minimum brightness of each gray line in the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area and a certain brightness value in the first color reproduction area. 6. The gradation correction method according to claim 4, wherein the gradation correction method is determined for each lattice. 異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最低明度が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以下のグレーラインの明度比を求め、その割合を前記ある一定明度以下で第２の色再現域における階調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the minimum lightness of the gray line in each color gamut is different, the lightness ratio of the gray line below a certain lightness is obtained, and the gradation processing in the second color gamut is below the certain lightness. A gradation correction method characterized by being applied to the above. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度の比により決定することを特徴とする請求項７記載の階調補正方法。   8. The gradation correction method according to claim 7, wherein the certain brightness is determined by a ratio of minimum brightness of gray lines of the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area. 前記明度比は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度と、第１の色再現域での、ある一定の明度値とを結ぶ直線から、階調格子毎に決定することを特徴とする請求項７または８記載の階調補正方法。   The lightness ratio is calculated from a straight line connecting the minimum lightness of each gray line in the first color reproduction region and the second color reproduction region and a certain lightness value in the first color reproduction region. 9. The gradation correction method according to claim 7, wherein the gradation correction method is determined for each lattice. 異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最高明度が異なっている時、ある一定の明度以上のグレーラインの明度比を求め、その割合を前記ある一定明度以上で第２の色再現域における階調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the maximum lightness of the gray lines in each color gamut is different, the lightness ratio of the gray lines above a certain lightness is obtained, and the gradation processing in the second color gamut is performed with the ratio exceeding the certain lightness. A gradation correction method characterized by being applied to the above. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最高明度の比により決定することを特徴とする請求項１０記載の階調補正方法。   11. The gradation correction method according to claim 10, wherein the certain lightness is determined by a ratio of maximum lightness of respective gray lines in the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area. 前記明度比は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度と、第１の色再現域での、ある一定の明度値とを結ぶ直線から、階調格子毎に決定する請求項１０または１１記載の階調補正方法。   The lightness ratio is calculated from a straight line connecting the minimum lightness of each gray line in the first color reproduction region and the second color reproduction region and a certain lightness value in the first color reproduction region. 12. The gradation correction method according to claim 10, wherein the gradation correction method is determined for each lattice. 異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最低明度における色度点が異なっている時、第１の色再現域のグレーラインにおける、ある一定の明度以下での階調特性を、前記ある一定明度以下の色調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the chromaticity points at the minimum lightness of the gray lines in the respective color gamuts are different, the gradation characteristic of the gray line in the first color gamut below a certain lightness is less than the certain lightness. A gradation correction method which is applied to color tone processing. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最低明度の差分により決定することを特徴とする請求項１３記載の階調補正方法。   14. The gradation correction method according to claim 13, wherein the certain brightness is determined by a difference in minimum brightness between gray lines of the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area. 異なる２つの色再現域において、第１の色再現域をターゲットとして第２の色再現域の色補正を行う場合、
それぞれの色再現域のグレーラインの最高明度における色度点が異なっている時、第１の色再現域のグレーラインにおける、ある一定の明度以上での階調特性を、前記ある一定明度以上の色調処理に適用することを特徴とする階調補正方法。 When performing color correction of the second color gamut using the first color gamut as a target in two different color gamuts,
When the chromaticity points at the maximum lightness of the gray lines in the respective color reproduction areas are different, the gradation characteristics at a certain lightness or higher in the gray line of the first color reproduction area are equal to or higher than the certain lightness. A gradation correction method which is applied to color tone processing. 前記ある一定の明度は、第１の色再現域と第２の色再現域のもつそれぞれのグレーラインの最高明度の差分により決定することを特徴とする請求項１５記載の階調補正方法。   16. The gradation correction method according to claim 15, wherein the certain brightness is determined by a difference in maximum brightness between gray lines of the first color reproduction area and the second color reproduction area.
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WO2010062284A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Modification of memory colors in digital images
JP2012510201A (en) * 2008-11-25 2012-04-26 ヒューレット−パッカード デベロップメント カンパニー エル．ピー． Memory color correction in digital images
US8761505B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2014-06-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Modification of memory colors in digital images

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