JP2006524542A - Surface cover - Google Patents

Abstract

A surface covering element adapted for placement over a support surface. The surface cover element includes an exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface, and the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface. And a lower side adapted to protrude toward the support surface. The friction promoting coating composition is coated on the lower side at a level effective to promote sliding friction of the surface cover element so that the surface cover element exhibits some degree of lateral grip on the support surface. Are arranged. The friction promoting coating composition does not permanently adhere to the support surface.

Description

  This application is based on US provisional application 60 / 465,351 filed on April 25, 2003, US provisional application 60 / 507,023 filed on September 29, 2003, September 30, 2003. Requests the benefit of priority based on the filed US provisional application 60 / 507,450. The contents of all applications with such priority are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

  The present invention relates to a surface cover, and in particular a composition comprising one or more surface cover elements adapted to be placed on a support surface and adapted to increase the coefficient of sliding friction against the support surface. The invention relates to a system comprising a lining at least partially covered by an object.

  To date, the installation of surface covers for floors, walls, countertops, etc. has been done mainly by professional installers using natural or artificial surface covers that are placed almost permanently on the support surface. It was. Such installations used structures and techniques designed to provide a strong vertical bond between the face cover and the support surface. Examples of such conventional structures include wood flooring, brazed or glued to the subfloor support surface, carpets and carpet tiles clamped to the subfloor support surface or glued There are ceramic tiles etc. that are held in a mortar on the support surface.

  In recent years, there has been a growing trend to promote decorative cover systems that are quickly installed and removed. Thus, many products have been developed that facilitate easy installation. In many such systems, this is simplified by removing the strong vertical bond between the cover element and the ground plane. However, by removing the strong vertical anchoring mechanism, the possibility of slipping between the support surface and the cover element is increased.

  The present invention separates the advantages over the prior art by providing a surface cover comprising a friction enhancing composition provided on at least a portion of the back side of the surface cover that is adapted for installation on a support surface. Provide the means. The friction enhancing composition is substantially non-tacky so that it does not permanently adhere to it. The friction enhancing composition preferably provides a relatively light removable tack to the support surface, but does not permanently adhere to the support surface. However, the friction enhancing composition provides substantial resistance to sliding friction between the surface cover and the underlying support surface.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout the various views. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary system in which a plurality of module surface cover elements 10 are disposed end to end on a support surface 11. As will be appreciated, the surface 11 includes a surface suitable for providing a support under the surface cover element 10. For illustration purposes only, the material forming the surface 11 includes plywood, drywall, wood particle board, hardwood, concrete, tile, ceramic tile, vinyl, laminate, glass, or metal such as aluminum or steel. . Surface 11 defines a subfloor, wall, countertop, or other surface covered by a surface covering element. In particular, it is conceivable that the surface 11 is a raised access floor with removable panels for accessing the underlying wiring and cables. As will be appreciated, although multiple surface covering elements 10 are shown as covering the underlying surface, it is equally conceivable that a single element such as a piece of boardroom carpet, area rug, etc. is used. It is done.

  Regardless of whether the support surface is covered or not, the surface cover element preferably provides a comfortably tuned cover to the body. Furthermore, the individual surface cover elements should be easily removable after initial placement on the sub-floor to allow repositioning and / or subsequent relocation as required. In addition, the individual surface cover elements provide some degree of cushioning on the surface of the subfloor to be covered. Such cushioning is particularly desirable for installation of floor coverings in residential environments where comfort is required.

  For illustrative purposes only, FIGS. 2-12 provide a schematic representation of at least partial installation, lug or layout of various shapes of surface cover elements. In particular, FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of substantially square surface covering elements 10 arranged in an offset relationship. The use of such staggered installations in some cases tends to destroy the perceived continuity of the seams between the surface cover elements. Obviously, the surface covering element need not be square. Thus, FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of a substantially elongated surface cover element 10A, generally in the form of a rectangle. By way of example only, such an arrangement is particularly useful when the surface covering elements are supplied in rolls or mimic wooden planks.

  Apart from the squares of the straight sides, other shapes including polygonal shapes are conceivable. The abutted relationship of the angled ends provides the dual advantage of facilitating correct installation on the support surface while retaining the tendency to break the perceived continuity of the seams between the surface cover elements. .

  4 and 5 are exemplary for a surface covering element 10B having a double chevron on each of two opposing sides (preferably top and bottom) and the remaining two opposing sides being straight and parallel. Show shape. As shown, such surface covering elements are installed in a substantially aligned or staggered form on the support surface. The double chevron on opposite sides of the tile are complementary to each other (i.e., they are adjacent to each other so that they are generally convex outer chevron on one side and generally concave inner chevron on the other side). It is preferred that it conforms to the tile that abuts or abuts.

  Of course, it should be understood that any number of other shapes may be used to form the surface cover element. For illustration purposes only and not by way of limitation, FIG. 6 shows a rectangular surface covering element 10C having two opposing edges or one chevron at the edges. FIG. 7 shows a rectangular surface covering element 10D having a number (three) of chevron on two opposing edges or edges. FIG. 8 shows a surface covering element 10E having a single chevron on four sides, the opposing chevron being the outer and inner chevron, respectively. FIG. 9 shows an arrangement of a surface cover element 10F having a single round or circular element on its four sides. FIG. 10 shows a plurality of triangular surface cover elements 10G arranged in an offset pattern. FIG. 11 shows a plurality of diamond-shaped surface cover elements 10H arranged in an offset pattern. FIG. 12 shows a plurality of hexagonal surface cover elements 10I.

  According to the illustrated embodiment, each of the module surface cover elements is substantially equal in shape to the other surface cover elements disposed on the support surface. Such uniformity of geometry is believed to substantially reduce the installation complexity useful to the user without substantial experience in installing the flooring system. According to a potentially preferred embodiment of the installation, each of the full tiles of the installation part preferably has substantially the same shape or form, while the part used to fill the end of the installation part The target tile is manufactured as a separate end tile or cut from a full tile.

  It is envisioned that the surface covering element has either a substantially flat outer surface or top surface, or a substantially three-dimensional outer surface. Various exemplary configurations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface structures are described in more detail below.

  According to one embodiment, the surface covering element disposed on the support surface is a multi-layer cushion or hard-lined composite carpet that includes a plurality of threads that define an outer surface protruding from the support surface. The yarn is tufted or joined at that position with respect to the backing structure of the cushion or hard lining configuration. The backing structure distributes the load applied to the surface cover element and provides dimensional stability to the surface cover element so that the shape is maintained over time. If desired, the support backing structure may include one or more layers of cushioning material, such as foam, to further enhance comfort during use.

  With reference to FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, an exemplary configuration of a multi-layer cushion backing pile forming surface covering element for use over the subfloor support surface 111 is provided. As shown, the configurations 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D used for the surface cover elements of the shape described above each incorporate a layer configuration of a pile-forming main pile fabric 112 that covers the load distribution layer 157. It should be noted that the load distribution layer 157 is arranged to cover a cushioning material layer 178 such as a new foam or recombination foam such as felt or a compressed particle foam with an optional backing layer 170. On the underside of each structure is provided with a friction promoting coating 180 (either continuous or patterned) adapted to engage the support surface 111. The friction promoting coating 180 promotes lateral grip without being permanently bonded to the support surface 111.

  The cushioning structure shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C, and 13D includes a load distribution layer 157. The load distribution layer 157 is a tie, such as a thermoplastic or thermosetting adhesive, preferably a hot melt adhesive, etc., to establish a bonding relationship between the main pile fabric 112 and the underlying cushion material. A sheet of reinforcing material 158, such as glass, is provided in combination with the coating material. If necessary, the load distribution layer is substantially free of reinforcing material. That is, the load distribution layer 157 as a whole is substantially formed by one or more coating materials 160.

  As is well known, it is contemplated that the main pile fabric 112 incorporates either a tufted or joined configuration (loop and / or cut pile). Also, the main pile fabric 112 is for illustrative purposes only, and is not limited to many, including many textured or flat fabrics having a woven, knitted, or nonwoven structure. Other pile forming structures are adopted.

  According to one envisaged embodiment, the main pile fabric 112 includes a plurality of pile forming yarns that project outwardly from one side of the main base. If the main pile fabric 112 used in the present invention is a tufted structure as shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, the main base is from the main lining 122 and an adhesive precoat 124 such as latex. Preferably it is configured. As will be appreciated, the structure shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B is the same as the pile forming yarn 121 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13B, except that the tip cilia or loop cutting operation has been performed to provide a cut pile structure. Are the same. The structure shown in FIG. 13D is substantially the same as the structure shown in FIG. 13B, but incorporates a pile yarn 121 'having a high twist structure such as a freeze structure that imparts a substantial kink to the yarn.

  In the illustrated bonding surface structure 110C (FIG. 13C), the primary pile fabric 112 is a latex or hot melt laminated to a woven or non-woven reinforcing or substrate layer 138 comprising fiberglass, nylon, polyester, or polypropylene. It includes a plurality of cut pile yarns 134 planted in an adhesive 136 such as an adhesive. The substrate layer 138 is made of latex or other thermoplastic or thermosetting material or polymer to allow melt adhesion to the cut pile yarn 134 by applying heat and thereby promote yarn stability. It can be pre-coated.

  Although certain embodiments are preferred, it should be understood that the main pile fabric 112 has a variety of embodiments and the member structure of the main pile fabric 112 is not limited. Rather, a suitable main pile fabric having a pile forming portion and a main base or lining is utilized as the main pile fabric. “Primary base” refers to any single layer or, in particular, a composite layer of main backing 122 and latex precoat 124 typically used in tufted carpet structures, and typically used in bonded structures. It means a composite structure including a composite layer of the adhesive layer 136 and the reinforcing base 138. Of course, other embodiments apparent to those skilled in the art may be used. For example, in a bonded product, as described in US Pat. No. 5,443,881, which is hereby incorporated by reference, the pile forming yarn is thermally bonded to a substrate 138, Allows a simplified structure of the main carpet. Other embodiments, including those described in US Pat. No. 4,576,665 (incorporated herein by reference) are also used as well.

  According to envisioned embodiments, the pile yarns 120, 121, 121 ′, or 134 of the structures 110A, 110B, 110C, and 110D, respectively, are manufactured by, for example, Millitron (Milliken & Company, LaGrange, Georgia). It can be dyed or printed by a method such as jet dyeing, flood dyeing, rotary dyeing, etc., using a jet dyeing machine. It is also conceivable that the complete structures 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D of FIGS. 13A-13D can be jet dyed, rotary dyed, and the like. For example, the exemplary structure used to form the surface cover element is preferably capable of withstanding the harshness of dyeing, steaming, cleaning, drying, and the like. As a result, the surface covering element can withstand changes in heat and humidity and the yarn can be dyed or printed. For example, the yarn is light in color such as white, grayish white or light beige, and is yarn dyed, solution dyed or the like.

  In accordance with at least one embodiment, a latex precoat layer is coated with an antibacterial, antibacterial, or antimicrobial agent such as an ALPHASAN ™ silver-based antimicrobial agent marketed by Milliken & Company of Spantanburg, South Carolina. And / or face yarn, main lining, tie coat layer, reinforcing material, foam or cushion, lining, and / or friction promoting coating or grip layer 180. ALPHASAN ™ silver-based antimicrobial agents can withstand heat during processing. It is also conceivable that the face yarn is subjected to a stain-proofing agent such as SCOTCH GUARD (registered trademark).

  Pile yarns 120, 121, 121 ', or 134 are made of natural and / or synthetic fibers and are spun, staple, or filament yarns, DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware, and Missouri. Preferably, it is formed from a polyamide polymer such as nylon 6 staple, nylon 6 filament, nylon 6,6 staple, or nylon 6,6 filament commercially available from sources such as Solutia Fibers, St. Louis. However, other suitable natural or synthetic yarn forks or blends thereof are similarly employed, as recognized by those skilled in the art. For purposes of illustration only and not limitation, other materials used include polyester staples or filaments such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene and polypropylene staples. Include polyolefins such as filaments, rayon, polyvinyl polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, wool, and blends thereof. Various deniers, piles, twist levels, deflated air, and heating characteristics can be used to construct the yarn.

  In order to facilitate injection dyeing or printing, the thread (or fiber) is preferably white or light colored, but the thread has a natural color, solution dyed and naturally colored. Yes, it is suitable for dye injection printing, screen printing, transfer printing, graphic tufting, weaving, knitting, etc.

  According to one aspect, the weight of the yarn in the main pile fabric is from about 10 ounces / square yard to about 75 ounces / square yard, more preferably from about 20 ounces / square yard to about 60 ounces / square yard, Most preferably about 30-50 ounces per square yard.

  According to the assumed configuration shown in FIG. 13D, the main pile fabric has a surface configuration such as freeze cut pile, loop pile, Berber loop pile and the like. Such a configuration provides space in the pile due to the fact that the ends of the individual pile yarns are twisted so that the extended length of the yarns effectively exceeds the pile height. This space creates an enhanced compressibility in the thickness dimension of the surface cover element. Such enhanced compressibility is considered to be generally associated with a cushioned feel by the user.

  As can be appreciated, the desired depth and number density of the pile forming yarn on the surface covering element will vary depending on the intended environment of use. In particular, if a surface covering element is used to cover a floor in a residential environment such as a user's home, a deeper, less pile configuration is desired. Conversely, if the surface covering element is used in a hospitality facility such as an office, a hotel, or a public facility such as a school or hospital, a densely packed shorter pile is desired.

  The main lining 122 used in the tufted configuration of FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13D is a traditional woven or unwoven fabric of polyester or polypropylene. However, certain main linings, such as nonwoven structures that include fiberglass sandwiched between polyester layers, provide properties relating to stability and cutability, thereby reducing the requirement for tack 124 or To eliminate, it is used on the main lining 122 in a tufted configuration. Another main lining or tufted substrate embodiment is described in, for example, US patent application Ser. No. 10 / 08,053 filed Mar. 12, 2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Are listed. If a nonwoven structure is used for the main lining, such a nonwoven structure can be made in a number of ways. For example, the nonwoven structure is formed by a suitable mechanical, chemical, or thermal processing method. Suitable mechanical techniques include hydro-entangling, stitch joining, and needle punching. Suitable chemical and thermal processing techniques include melt spinning.

  By way of example only and not by way of limitation, according to one envisaged embodiment, the main lining 122 is a melt of a woven fabric layer and a nonwoven material needle-pierced through the woven fabric layer. A multi-component structure, at least a portion of the nonwoven material melts the woven and nonwoven materials when subjected to calendering (pressure and heat), and a reinforced and stable main lining Is a low melting point body or binder material. The woven fabric layer is polypropylene, the nonwoven material is polyester, and the low melting point material is a low melting point body or copolyester. The weight percentage of the low melting point body or binder material is about 10% to 100% of the nonwoven material, preferably about 10% to 70%, and most preferably about 10% to 40%. Nonwoven materials are natural or synthetic fibers or blends thereof. For example, the nonwoven material is polyester, recycled polyester, polypropylene, stabilized polypropylene, acrylic, nylon (polyamide), two-component polyester, two-component nylon, and blends or combinations thereof. If the nonwoven material is polypropylene or stabilized polypropylene, no additional low melting point material is required. The low melting point material is a synthetic material or fiber or blend having a melting point below the calendering temperature and adheres to adjacent fibers. For example, the binder or low melting point material may be polyester, copolyester, polypropylene, polypropylene chemically reinforced to raise the melting point, two component polyester, two component nylon, polyethylene, nylon, low melting point nylon web, powder binder, Chemical binders, extruded polypropylene webs, and combinations or blends thereof. Woven fabric materials are natural or synthetic materials or fibers or blends thereof that serve as tufting bases in combination with non-woven and low melting point materials. For example, the woven material is polypropylene, stabilized polypropylene, flat ribbon yarn (tape) polypropylene, polyester, polyester knitted scrim, polypropylene woven scrim, recycled polyester, and blends or combinations thereof. According to one example configuration, the woven fabric layer or material has a weft count of about 6 × 6 to 30 × 30, preferably about 10 × 10 to 24 × 24, and the nonwoven material is about 1-6 ounces / It has a weight range of square yards and the low melting binder content is about 10-100% by weight.

  According to one embodiment, a reinforced main backing 122 is used having a total thickness of about 0.017 inches and a weight of about 5.03 ounces per square yard. The main lining consists of a polyester and low-melting polyester fiber blended stitched nonwoven material (50% by weight of 2 1/2 denier natural polyester fiber, 20% by weight of 4 denier black polyester fiber, and 3 denier of low melting polyester fiber. 30% by weight). The main backing is needle punched into the woven fabric layer so that a small amount of the nonwoven material enters the woven fabric layer, and then the composite is calendered from both sides (upper roller temperature of about 320 ° F., about 280 ° F lower roller temperature, about 85 pounds roller pressure), formed by fusing the nonwoven material and the woven fabric layer. This fused, promoted main lining, which is less frayed when cut, does not damage the tufting yarn, provides dimensional stability, and locks the tuft well.

  According to another embodiment, the reinforced main lining includes woven scrims and nonwoven fibers that are sewed and then fused together, as follows.

Scrim: Polypropylene Woven Fabric (PP) 24 Warp / 11 Weft @ 3 oz Nonwoven Weight: 1.75 oz / square yard Nonwoven Content 30% Low Melting Point Polyester (PET) -4 Denier; 2 "Staple Length 50% Natural PET- 2.25 denier; 2 "staple length 20% black PET-4.0 denier; 4" staple length Calendar temperature:
Surface: 320F
Back side: 280F
In the tufted structure, the adhesive precoat 124 is preferably styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or latex, but other suitable materials such as styrene acrylate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), acrylic, Bitumen, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, EVA, or asphalt hot melt adhesives or blends thereof are used as well. When hot melt adhesives are used, reinforcing materials such as fiberglass, nylon or polyester scrims, woven or non-woven fabrics are bonded directly to form a composite laminate without the use of an additional adhesive layer. It is thought that it is done. Furthermore, if the pile yarn is tufted in a stable relationship with the main lining 122, thereby providing the configuration shown in FIGS. 15A-15C, the adhesive precoat 124 may be entirely removed from the tufted product. .

As noted above, a cushion backing surface cover element that includes either tufted or bonded main pile fabric on the surface away from the subfloor 111 may include a load distribution layer 157 at a position below the main pile fabric. . The polymer tie coat material 160 is either a thermoplastic or thermosetting composition. Hot melt adhesives are particularly preferred. For purposes of illustration only and not by way of limitation, useful hot melts include bitumen and polyolefin-based thermoplastics. A useful thermosetting adhesive is polyurethane. When the tie coat material 160 is a hot melt adhesive, the total amount of hot melt adhesive used in the load distribution layer 157 is preferably from about 20 to about 100 ounces per square yard, more preferably Present at a level of about 35 to about 90 ounces per square yard. The composition of potentially preferred hot melt adhesives is shown in the table below.

The physical properties of the hot melt compositions in the above table are shown below.

  If desired, the reinforcing material 158 is also disposed within the load distribution layer 157. In some configurations, the reinforcing material prevents the various layers from causing unbalanced dimensional changes as the surface covering element is subjected to compressive forces and / or temperature or humidity changes during use and / or processing. Promotes dimensional stability within the surface cover element so as to substantially prevent. One envisioned reinforcing material 158 is a sheet, mat, or tissue that incorporates a number of bar glass (glass) fibers entangled in a nonwoven configuration such as a 2 oz / square yard configuration, acrylic It is held together by one or more binders such as a binder or a modified acrylic binder. Other materials used include glass woven or glass scrims and woven or non-woven fiber materials such as polyester or nylon. If desired, the reinforcing material 158 may be removed so that the load distribution layer is constituted entirely by the tie coat material.

  Whether or not reinforcement material 158 is used, the load distribution layer distributes concentrated loads laterally through the surface cover element, dissipates the applied energy, and prevents damage to the structure. To work. In use, the tie coat material 160 acts as a buffer against force concentrations and protects the reinforcing material 158 against breakage or other damage resulting from point loading. For example, the load distribution layer has sufficient strength and flexibility that a small diameter sole or other force concentrating object does not destroy the structure.

  As indicated, the cushion material 178 is a foam material. Potentially preferred foam materials include virgin or prime foam materials, recombined polyurethanes, and combinations thereof. Recombined polyurethane is particularly preferred because it incorporates a relatively high proportion of recycled material into the surface cover element.

  As will be appreciated, generally recombined foams, particularly recombined polyurethane foams, are known in the field of isocyanate-based polymer foams. In particular, it is known to mix foam pieces with a binder that serves to bond the pieces together. Recombination techniques have been used for many years, especially to recycle polyurethane. In general, large chips or large chunk sizes, low density, non-uniform density, rather fragile, thick recombined polyurethane foam products are placed on sub-floors as separate, relatively thick, wide carpet underlays or pads Have been used.

  According to one envisaged embodiment, the cushioning material 178 in the surface cover element comprises about 10-90% comprising about 10-100% recycled foam chips, chunks, pieces, grinds, particles, etc. About 100% recycled foam in the foam or cushion layer, including a recycled foam or recombined foam, and a binder, adhesive, or prepolymer (and one or more additives). A structure having an integral cushion layer having a body or cushion content (especially de-industrial reused foam or cushion content) is produced.

  According to one envisioned embodiment, the cushion material is about 1-25 pounds / cubic foot, more preferably about 3-22 pounds / cubic foot, even more preferably about 5-13 pounds / cubic foot, most preferably Is a recombined foam having a density of about 6-10 pounds / cubic foot and a thickness of about 1-30 mm, more preferably about 2-21 mm, most preferably about 4-12 mm, about 2-25 mm, more preferably Is a recombination tip size (uncompressed tip size) having a round or square pore mesh of about 5-20 mm, most preferably about 7-15 mm, and a backing material or backing composite on at least one side thereof.

Table 1 below shows a first exemplary range of product parameters for a recombined foam for use as a cushion layer in a module floor cover used in a residential environment.

Table 2 below shows a first exemplary range of product parameters for a recombined foam for use as a cushion layer in a module floor cover used in a residential environment.

Tables 3-5 show exemplary target specifications for recombined foam materials used in various residential floor covering structures.

As will be appreciated, although the recombination foam described above is used, it is contemplated that the material forming the cushion layer 178 may follow a wide range of other. By way of example only and not limitation, at least five options or examples of foams for use in forming the cushioning material 178 are contemplated for forming the surface covering element.

  1. Use of standard filled polyurethane systems as virgin and / or recombined polyurethanes. One envisioned polyurethane foam contains 110 parts of filler and has a density of about 15 pounds / cubic foot. Using the density and filler levels described above, based on a thickness range of 0.04-0.12 inches, the polymer weight range is about 4.32 ounces / square yard to 12.6 ounces / square yard. . The density can be reduced by reducing the amount of filler.

  2. Another option that works for virgin and / or recombined polyurethanes is to adjust the filler level to reduce the density to 13 pounds / cubic foot.

  3. Another option for virgin and / or recombined polyurethane is to use unfilled polyurethane (base urethane). High densities as described above are not possible with the substrate, but they do because of the wall structure and due to the fact that no filler is present.

  4). Another option is to use a polyurethane system that is available under the KANGAHIDE product label from Texitile Rubber and Chemical Company, which has only 15 parts of filler material and is applied at a density of 6-9 pounds / cubic foot. It is to be. If the polymer calculation is made again under the stated thickness limits, it would be 4.3-13.02 oz / square yard.

  5). Another option is to use a medium density or hybrid foam made of mechanically foamed and chemically foamed polyurethane foam. Such mechanically foamed and chemically foamed polyurethane foams are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,372,810, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. It is supposed to be included.

  The density of the filled substrate or virgin polyurethane foam can be controlled by limiting the amount of filler. For example, the filler content can be reduced to produce polyurethane foam with a density of about 6 pounds / cubic foot.

  Although the above examples deal with polyurethane, water-based foaming systems can also be used. For example, the foam is an SBR foam. Virgin polyurethane or polyurethane recombined foam or compressed particle foam (comprised of compressed particles, chips, fragments, etc.) is preferred, but other foams (open pore cells, closed pore cells) or SBR foam, PVC foam, polyethylene foam Other compressible particles made from other foams such as cork, rubber, rubber fragments, etc. are also used. In particular, felt or non-woven cushions are used instead of foam.

  Regardless of the cushioning material used in the cushioning structure, it is believed that such a material is preferably characterized by a compressibility that gives the user a relatively soft feel. By way of example only, the cushion material is 50% at a load of about 5 to about 70 psi, more preferably about 10 to about 30 psi, as measured by ASTM specification D3574 test C (compressive force deflection test). It is considered preferred that it is characterized by compression.

  As described above, the surface cover element of the described configuration includes an optional backing layer 170, also referred to as a release layer or secondary backing. Optional backing layer 170 is a polyester, polypropylene, polyester / polypropylene, polyester / polypropylene / acrylic woven or non-woven fiber, or other suitable fiber or blend, and may include colorants, binders, and the like. According to one envisaged embodiment, the backing layer 170 is a non-woven structure or felt of polyester fibers and polypropylene fibers comprising about 50% to about 100% polyester. In other embodiments, a blend of 50% polyester fiber, 20% polypropylene, and 30% acrylic fiber is used. The polyester, polypropylene, and / or acrylic fibers have one or more selected colors to give the backing a desired color or appearance. In one embodiment, the foam forming the cushion layer and backing layer 170 has a similar color. In certain embodiments, the foam and / or lining has a green, blue, purple, gray, white, black, brown, or gold color. The color of the backing can be achieved by using white polyester fibers and colored acrylic fibers, or by using colored polyester and / or polypropylene fibers. According to another embodiment, an amount of black polyester fiber is blended with an amount of white polyester fiber, an amount of colored polyester fiber, and an amount of white polypropylene fiber to form a colored polyester. A non-woven colored backing material or felt is formed which has a fiber color and a rough mottled appearance. Each amount of each type or color of fiber is selected to give the desired color, brightness, shrinkage, etc. The surface cover element of the described structure also preferably includes a friction promoting coating 180 that is applied in either a substantially continuous or patterned arrangement. For purposes of illustration only and not limitation, such friction promoting coatings include latex, hot melt adhesives, silicone rubber, other rubbers, and the like. Also, although not preferred, the coating 180 may be covered with a release sheet, layer, or film.

  As will be appreciated, there are a substantial number of alternative embodiments and configurations for the layer configurations that form the surface covering elements used in the flooring system of the present invention. For example, in FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D, where elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by 500 like reference numerals, the pile configuration is shown substantially corresponding to that in FIGS. 13A-D, respectively. However, the reinforcing material 558 described above is held in a suspended relationship between layers of a tie coat material such as the hot melt adhesive described above. In such a configuration, tie coat material 560 is a substantially separate layer separated by reinforcement material 558 or travels over reinforcement material 558. In any case, because of the substantial adhesion between the tie coat material 560 and the reinforcing material 558, a substantially stable load distribution layer 557 is nevertheless established at the bond between the main pile fabric 512 and the cushion material 578.

  Referring again to FIGS. 14A-14D, according to one embodiment, the reinforcing material 558 is a glass mat that is a hot melt laminated to the foam 578 with a hot melt layer 560.

  Tufted loop pile and tufted cut pile structures 610A and 610B extend from the main lining 622 as shown in FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C, in which members corresponding to those described above are indicated by 600 like reference numerals. A first layer of tie coat material 660, such as a hot melt adhesive, in contact with a sheet of reinforcing material 658, such as a nonwoven or scrim as described above. Thus, the tie coat material 660 serves the function of securing the tufts 620, 621 in place relative to the main backing 622, thereby avoiding the need to use another latex or hot melt precoat. Thus, a single adhesive layer extends between the top surface of the reinforcing material 658 and the lower side of the main backing 622. Of course, if desired, the friction enhancing coating 180 described above is disposed on the underside of the backing 670.

  As shown in FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C, where members corresponding to those described above are indicated by 700 similar reference numerals, the loop pile structure 710A, the tufted cut pile structure 710B, and the bonded cut pile structure 710C are: A first layer 760 of tie coat material extending from the top surface of the reinforcing material layer 758, the first layer having a different characteristic than the second layer 760 ′ of tie coat material extending from the bottom surface of the reinforcing material. It is considered a thing. In all other respects, the structure is substantially as shown and described in FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C. For purposes of illustration only and not by way of limitation, if the reinforcing material 758 is disposed between two different adhesives, the tie coat material 760 extending from the top surface of the reinforcing material layer 758 may include, for example: The tie coat material 760 ′, which is a hot melt and extends from the lower surface of the reinforcing material 758, is, for example, a polyurethane-forming composition, a low melting point powder, a low melting point fiber, a low melting point film, or the like. Of course, the tie coat material 760 and / or 760 'also includes a multilayer adhesive layer. The friction enhancing coating described above is disposed on the underside of the backing 770.

  In FIGS. 17A, 17B, and 17C, where members corresponding to those described above are indicated by 800 like reference numerals, an additional configuration for forming a surface covering element used to cover the subfloor support surface 811 is provided. It is shown. In such an embodiment, the tufted loop pile structure 810A and the tufted cut pile structures 810B, 810C include a first layer of latex adhesive 824 extending from the upper side of the reinforcing material 858 and the lower side of the reinforcing material 858. A layer of reinforcing material 858 disposed between the second layer of latex adhesive 824 extending from the second layer. Thus, the latex extends substantially between the top surface of the cushioning material 878 and the main backing 822, and a layer of reinforcing material 858 is disposed at an intermediate location within such latex. Such a latex is preferably carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Of course, similar configurations using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), acrylic, and other adhesives such as the hot melts or polyurethanes described above may be useful. Of course, if desired, the friction promoting coating described above may be disposed on the underside of the backing 870.

  As mentioned above, additional stability is introduced by incorporating a stabilizing element in intimate contact with the main lining of the tufted main pile fabric. An example incorporating such a form is shown in FIGS. 18A, 18B, and 18C where members corresponding to those described above are indicated by 900 like reference numerals. As shown therein, the tufted loop pile structure 910A and the tufted cut pile structures 910B, 910C are tufted through a main backing 922 having a main backing stabilizing layer 923 therein, such as a woven or non-woven material or a scrim. Pile forming yarns 920, 921, 921 ′. The main lining stabilization layer 923 is joined to the main lining 922 by sew or calendering operations. In addition, by incorporating heat-sensitive adhesive fibers into the nonwoven structure, point bonding is achieved between the structures. If a configuration that incorporates a main lining stabilization layer is used, the precoat 924 and / or the reinforcing material 958 may substantially reduce the stability imparted to the reinforced main lining 922,923 if desired. Reduced or timed out. The above-described friction promoting coating 180 is disposed on the lower side of the backing 970.

  As will be appreciated, the secondary backing or felt is frame laminated to the underside of the structure, although other anchoring mechanisms may be used if desired. For example, it is conceivable for the secondary backing to bond one or more layers of adhesive layers, such as the hot melt adhesive described above, to the lower side. An exemplary cut pile structure 1010A, 1010B for a surface cover element disposed in an overlying relationship on a subfloor support surface 1011 is shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, where members corresponding to those described above are 1000 It is indicated by a similar reference number on the table. As shown, in each of these structures, a laminating adhesive layer 1060 is disposed between the cushion material 1078 and the secondary backing 1070. However, the secondary backing 1070 is frame laminated or directly adhered to the cushion material if desired.

  Corresponding to FIG. 13, corresponding members are indicated by 1100 like reference numerals, according to yet another embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the reinforcing material or layer 158 and the precoat layer 124 have been removed. Thus, in this embodiment, a tie coat layer 1160, such as an elastic adhesive, extends between the main carpet 1112 and the cushion material 1178.

  Referring to FIG. 21, corresponding to FIG. 13D, corresponding members are indicated by 1200 like reference numerals, yet another aspect is shown, with the felt or other material 170 backing layer of FIG. 13D removed. Has been.

  Referring to FIG. 22, corresponding to FIG. 18D, where corresponding members are indicated by 1300 like reference numerals, the reinforcing layer 58 and the backing layer 70 have been removed. The foam layer 1378 is adhered to the main carpet fabric, for example, by frame lamination or by applying directly in a wet or uncured state and then curing. In each of the configurations shown in FIGS. 20, 21, and 22, the friction promoting coating composition 180 is disposed on the lower side.

  Of course, it is conceivable that the surface covering element has a so-called “hard lining” structure which does not include a foam layer. Illustrative, but not limited to, exemplary tufted and bonded structures that do not include a foam layer are shown in FIGS. 23A-23F.

  In the tufted structure of FIG. 23A, pile forming yarn 1420A is tufted through a main liner such as woven or nonwoven glass, spun-bonded polyester, etc. at a yarn density of about 16-2 ounces per square yard. A precoat 1424A (about 16 ounces per square yard), such as latex or PVC, is disposed under the main backing layer 1422A and toward a layer of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or hot melt 1460A. A glass reinforcement layer (1458) (approximately 3 ounces / square) is disposed between layer 1460A and PVC or hot melt layer 1461A to form a stabilized sandwich structure. The total mass of the first and second layers of PVC or hot melt is preferably about 60 ounces per square yard. The friction promoting coating composition 180A is disposed on the lower side thereof.

  The tufted structure 1410B shown in FIG. 23B is identical to that shown in 23A, with the addition of a layer of felt 1470B or other surface-compatible secondary backing material that covers the friction promoting coating composition 180B. Such a layer of felt or other surface compatible material is believed to be advantageous in conforming to its structure for placement on an irregular underlying support surface.

  The tufted structure 1410C shown in FIG. 23C shows a simplified structure in which a tuft locking precoat layer 1424C, such as latex, hot melt, etc., extends from the primary backing 1422C to the secondary backing 1470C. A friction promoting coating 180C is disposed on the secondary backing 1470C.

  The bonded structure 1410D shown in FIG. 23D has a surface of bonded yarn 1434D having a pile density of about 2 ounces / square yard protruding from the main backing layer 1438D of glass having a mass per unit area of about 3 ounces / square yard. Including. The substrate layer 1438D is shown as a non-woven structure, but it is equally conceivable to be the substrate layer 1438D if desired. As shown, the yarn 1434D is held in place on the substrate layer 1438D by a bonding layer 1436 such as PVC. According to one envisioned embodiment, the bonding layer has a mass per unit area of about 60 ounces per square yard. As shown, a PVC first layer 1460D extends from the substrate layer 1438D over a stabilizing layer 1458D, such as a woven or non-woven glass, and a PVC second layer 1461D is under the stabilizing layer 1458D. Extends to the side. According to one envisaged structure, the PVC first and second layers 1460D, 1461D have a mass per unit area of about 80 ounces per square yard and the stabilization layer is about 3 ounces per square yard. Having a mass per unit area. The friction promoting coating layer 180D is disposed on the underside of the second PVC layer 1461D.

  The tufted structure 1410E shown in FIG. 23E is identical to that shown in 23D, with the addition of a layer of felt 1470E or other surface-compatible secondary backing material covering the friction promoting coating composition 180. Such a layer of felt or other surface compatible material is believed to be advantageous in conforming to its structure for placement on an irregular underlying support surface.

FIG. 23F shows a tufted loop pile carpet tile structure similar to that shown in FIG. 23C, in which the main carpet 1412F includes a PVC layer 1424F extending from the main backing 1422F. Such PVC-lined hard-lined tile main carpet structure 1412F is well known and is commercially available from Toli Japan and has a weight of about 1320 g / m ² . The structure shown in FIG. 23F is such a traditional PVC rigid backing by adding a friction promoting coating 180F, described in detail below, that is resistant to the migration and reaction of PVC plasticizers and additives. Modify the structure.

  It is also conceivable to use a wide range of surface cover element structures other than pile fabrics. For purposes of illustration only and not by way of limitation, various other structures include woven or non-woven surface covers (woven, knitted, flocked, sewed, etc.) , Hard wood, ceramic tile (veneer comparable to hard wood, ceramic tile), glass, vinyl composite tile, stone (marble, granite, etc.), slab-like composite such as CORIAN (registered trademark), and linoleum, etc. Such decorative laminate sheets.

  By way of example only and not limitation, in FIGS. 24, 24A, and 24B, the various surface cover structures comprise a non-woven structured outer fabric 1550 having a backing layer of friction enhancing composition 180. As will be appreciated, the structure in FIGS. 24 and 24A is similar to the structure in FIG. 24A except that a relatively thin layer of transparent cover material 1555 such as polyethylene is disposed on the surface of the outer fabric 1550. It is the same in all respects. As will be appreciated, such a structure provides additional protection against wear while facilitating the ability to roll office fixtures or the like on the surface.

  FIG. 24B shows a cushion structure in which the above-described cushion layer 1578 is incorporated into the structure. As will be appreciated, in these constructions, the nonwoven exterior fabric provides a visually desirable exterior surface that is retained against cross-direction slip by the friction promoting composition 180.

  One set of alternative structures using a woven or knitted exterior fabric 1650 is shown in FIGS. 25, 25A, and 25B. In these figures, elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by 1600 like reference numerals. As will be appreciated, in these constructions, the woven or knitted exterior fabric provides a visually desirable exterior surface that is retained by the friction enhancing composition 180 against transverse slip. In FIGS. 25A and 25B, a relatively thin layer of transparent cover material 1655, such as polyurethane or the like, is disposed on the exterior fabric 1650. FIG.

  One set of alternative structures using a knitted or knitted exterior fabric 1750 is shown in FIGS. 26 and 26A. In these figures, elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by 1700 like reference numerals. As will be appreciated, in these structures, the brushed exterior fabric provides a visually desirable exterior surface that is retained by the friction promoting composition 180 against lateral slip.

  Another construction using a wood or wood veneer exterior fabric 1850 is shown in FIG. In this figure, elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by 1800 like reference numerals. As will be appreciated, in these constructions, the wood or wood veneer exterior fabric provides a visually desirable exterior surface that is retained by the friction promoting composition 180 against lateral slip. If desired, one or more intermediate layers of felt, foam, or combinations thereof are disposed between the wood or wood veneer exterior fabric 1850 and the friction enhancing composition 180.

  Another structure using a ceramic, stone, or composite exterior fabric 1950 comparable to ceramic, stone is shown in FIG. In this figure, elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by 1900 like reference numerals. As will be appreciated, in these constructions, ceramic, stone, or composite exterior fabric 1950 comparable to ceramic, stone is visually desirable to retain against lateral slip by friction promoting composition 180. Provide an exterior surface. If desired, one or more intermediate layers of felt, foam, or combinations thereof are disposed between the ceramic, stone, or ceramic exterior composite fabric 1950 and the friction enhancing composition 180. The

  Another structure is shown using an exterior fabric 2050 such as linoleum, vinyl composite tile, where elements corresponding to those described above are indicated with 2000 similar reference numerals. As will be appreciated, in these constructions, a synthetic laminate exterior fabric 2050, such as linoleum, vinyl composite tiles, etc., is held against a slip in a lateral direction by a friction promoting composition 180, which is a visually desirable exterior surface. I will provide a. If desired, one or more intermediate layers of felt, foam, or combinations thereof are disposed between the laminate outer fabric 2050 and the friction enhancing composition 180, such as linoleum, vinyl composite tiles, and the like.

  Of course, other structures such as wide carpets having a layer of foam or friction promoting composition may be used as the surface covering element. For illustration purposes only, FIG. 30 shows a surface covering element 2110 in the form of an area lug disposed on the flooring surface 2111.

  An exemplary cross section of area lug 2110 is shown in FIG. In the configuration shown, the pile yarn 2121 is tufted through the main backing 2122 as described above and held in place by a precoat layer 2124 of latex or other suitable material as described above. Of course, the pile yarn 2121 is shown as a cut pile, but a loop pile or other structure may be used as well.

  In the arrangement shown, the secondary backing 2170 has the precoat layer 2124 positioned below the precoat layer 2124. The secondary backing is preferably a nonwoven material formed by a suitable mechanical, chemical or thermal processing technique, such as a stitched, unwound or knee drilled fiber structure. A continuous or discontinuous friction promoting coating or grip layer 180 is disposed on the lower side. Of course, such stitched and other nonwoven surface covering materials are used on surface covering elements other than area rugs including the carpet or carpet tile structures described above.

  Preferably, the surface cover element is suitable for installation by a user with little or no experience in installing the surface cover element. Depending on the structure of the surface cover element used, it is conceivable that a cover will in fact occur on the floor, wall, counter top surface, etc. As mentioned above, to improve ease of installation, the surface cover element installed on the support surface once placed in place without the need to apply a separate adhesive. It is preferably resistant to sliding motion. However, it is preferred that the surface cover element be easily removable from the support surface in a vertical direction to facilitate repositioning and realignment during installation. According to a potentially preferred configuration, the friction promoting coating has the ability to carry and move the surface cover element to various positions on the support surface many times without damaging either the surface cover element or the support surface. Has the property of promoting. In addition, the cover element can be removed or replaced at an extended time after installation. The friction promoting coating disposed on the backing preferably has the property of not permanently bonding to the support surface. In addition, the friction promoting coating does not permanently bond to itself so that it does not cause unwanted blocking adhesion when wrapped back and back. In addition, the friction promoting coating may be applied to the exterior surface of the surface cover element to avoid unwanted permanent adhesion when the surface cover element is stored in rolls or stored back-to-back. Does not adhere. That is, the friction promoting coating adheres very little vertically, and little or no adhesion to itself or to the surface of the surface covering element.

  In any structure used, it is contemplated that the friction promoting coating may be applied parallel to or completely over the backing so as to provide the desired level of friction with the support surface. In this regard, the friction promoting coating is applied in various patterns such that the coated or uncoated areas are dispersed together on the lower side of the surface cover element. For illustration purposes only, various exemplary patterns include lateral strips (FIG. 32), longitudinal strips (FIG. 33), dots or circles (FIG. 34), cross-hatch arrangement (FIG. 35), and There are serpentine strips (Figure 35). Of course, other patterns are used as well.

  The invention will be further understood with reference to the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1-6
Various friction promoting coating materials were evaluated by performing sliding friction and blocking tests according to the following procedure. Each of the tests was performed on a carpet tile sump having a structure substantially as shown in Table 6 below.

  The friction test was performed by placing a 3 inch x 3 inch piece of coated carpet tile having a mass of about 22-24 g on a smooth flat surface (a piece of laminated wood flooring). One end of the flat surface was raised from the pivot point at a rate of -10 degrees / second. The center of the carpet tile was always 10 inches from the pivot point. The sample was not weighted or pressured and was visually inspected for cleanness on both sides before measurements were taken. The error bar was 5 degrees.

  A momentary blocking test was performed by placing two equally coated 3 inch by 3 inch carpet tiles on top of each other. Note that 5 pounds of mass was added for 1 minute. A strip of aluminum foil was used to mask 1/2 inch at one end. The force required to release the sample was measured using an AccuForce III force meter from AMETEK. The sample was pulled apart by pulling the carpet tuft at the edge from the masked side of the tile.

  The elevated temperature blocking test was performed by placing two equally coated 3 inch x 3 inch carpet tiles with the back side up. Note that 6.25 pounds of mass was added in a 60 ° C. oven for at least 16 hours. A strip of aluminum foil was used to mask 1/2 inch at one end. After removal from the oven, the sample was allowed to cool. The sample was pulled apart by pulling a carpet tuft at the edge from the masked side of the tile using an AccuForce III force meter from AMETEK. The force required to release the tile was recorded.

A re-adhesion rub test was performed to determine carpet friction enhancement or grip layer reusability. A 3 inch by 3 inch piece of coated carpet was placed on a clear, laminated, wood-like flooring with a weight of 5 pounds added. After 30 seconds, the weight and carpet were moved to a new part of the flooring. This was repeated so that the carpet was placed in five locations. The results of the friction test described above were recorded.

  A pressure sensitive friction test was performed by placing a 5 pound weight on a coated 3 inch x 3 inch carpet piece on glass for 30 seconds. After removing the weight, an inclined plane friction test was performed.

  Adhesion to glass was performed using an AccuForce III force meter from AMETEK. A 5 pound weight was added for 30 seconds to a back coated 3 inch x 3 inch carpet ampoule on glass. By pulling on the edge, the peak force required to remove the sample from the glass was recorded.

The results are shown in Table 7 below.

  All carpet samples (3 "x 3") were weighed to give 22-24g.

Latex 1 = National Starch & Chemical Multilock 454A
Latex 2 = Rohm and Haas Robond PS-68
Latex 3 = Air Products Airflex TL 12
Hot melt 1 = HB Fuller, HL 6102
Hot melt 2 = HB Fuller, HL 5062
Hot melt 3 = The Reynolds Company, Reyco 53-343
Based on these tests, it was concluded that Latex 1, Latex 2, Hotmelt 2, Hotmelt 3 exhibited desirable friction and antiblocking properties, and Latex 3 and Hotmelt 1 were undesirable. In particular, samples that exhibit elevated temperature blocking of less than about 3 pounds in combination with substantial sliding friction are desirable. Samples such as hot melt 2 that exhibit a substantial increase in sliding friction with pressure loading are particularly desirable. Of course, the tested samples are only representative and other suitable coating materials are undoubtedly present. Exemplary materials include various grades of latex including acrylic, EVA, SBR, etc., hot melt materials including polyolefin, EVA, SBR, polyamide, and the like. Potentially preferred coating materials include olefins based on latex or hot melt materials such as olefins based on polypropylene and / or polyethylene, and potentially low molecular weight waxes and adhesives. . The range of dry impregnation is preferably from about 0.25 to about 3 ounces / square yard, more preferably from about 0.5 to about 1.5 ounces / square yard.

  The friction promoting coating is applied to the back surface of the front cover element by a variety of methods including roll coating, spray coating, impregnation, powder coating, and printing methods. After application, a drying and curing process is used depending on the form of coating method selected. The coating is formed continuously or in a pattern on the lower side of the surface cover element.

Examples 7 and 8
The carpet structures shown in Table 6 above were tested for vertical tack and resistance to lateral motion to various substrate support surfaces. Tested on bare felt backing and on friction-enhanced coatings of hot melt materials marketed by HB Fuller under the trade name HL 6102 applied to the felt backing at a coating weight of 1.0 ounces per square inch Was done. Vertical adhesion measurements were made using 6.75 inch x 6.75 inch pieces of coated carpet tile, each placed on the specified surface. After 30 seconds, the weight was removed, the middle thread was grabbed and lifted from the surface. The peak force required to separate the tile sample from the surface was measured using an FGE-100X digital force gauge. The measurement was repeated 10 times and the average force value was recorded.

  Resistance to lateral motion was measured using 18 inch x 18 inch pieces of coated carpet tiles, each placed on a designated surface. An 8.5 pound aluminum plate with a downwardly projecting pile locking pin was placed on top of each sample so that it was in uniform contact with the surface. The peak force required to move the tile sample laterally on the surface was measured using a STE-1000 Testron Tensile Tester. The measurement was repeated 10 times and the average force value was recorded.

The results are shown in Tables 8 and 9 below.

Example 9-22
The test procedures of Examples 7 and 8 were performed on carpet tile samples using other hot melt coatings. A comparative test was performed for each coating using several different coating weights ranging from 1.0 to 2.5 ounces / square yard. Performance was evaluated using different types of felt backing (T1 felt vs. T2 felt). The results are shown in Table 10 below.

  Measurements are at 74 ° F. and 50% R.D. H. Made in Coating weight = 1.0 ounce / square yard. Surface = sealed (smooth) concrete surface.

  In all cases, the coated tiles did not permanently bond to the common sub-floor surface. The coated tiles showed high resistance to lateral movement so that the tiles did not slip easily, and low vertical adhesion properties so that the tiles could be easily lifted from the spot.

  In particular, the hot melt coating material under the trade name Reynolds 53-451C basically contains a mixture of selected adhesives with high wettability to polypropylene, polyethylene, and concrete surfaces, over other tested products The concrete surface showed high resistance to lateral movement of tiles.

  In addition, the above tests show that the properties of the felt backing to which the coating is applied are those coatings that are resistant to lateral adhesion (shear strength) without a corresponding change in vertical adhesion (shear strength). It shows that it improves the performance. In particular, the so-called “type T2” felt has been found to provide excellent resistance to lateral movement with the addition of the same coating. T2 felt means felt that has been drawn and sewed into an ellipse.

  The type T2 felt in the above example is formed by sewing a drawn fibrous web using three stab machines that capture the movement of an elliptical needle. The fibrous web is about 60% polyester fiber having a linear density of about 4 denier and a staple length of about 3 inches, and about 40% polypropylene having a linear density of about 5 denier and a staple length of about 4 inches. Made of fiber. In particular, a blend of fibers (60% polyester and 40% polypropylene) is subjected to drawing operations well known to those skilled in the art prior to stab stitching. The drawing operation aligns and stretches the fibers so that the web exiting the drawing station is approximately 1.8 times the length of the web entering the drawing station. Comparative type T1 felt (commercially available from Synthetic Industries, USA, Dalton, GA) uses the same fiber blend, except that there is no drawing process prior to stab stitching.

  Type T2 felt is passed through three hand stitch machines using elliptical needle movements. The comparative type T1 felt is formed of two sew machines using linear reciprocating motion. In forming a type T2 felt, an elliptical sew machine moves the needle with the web at substantially the same speed as the web while penetrating the web to entangle the fiber. Conversely, in the linear reciprocation used to form the type T2 felt, the needle does not move in the direction of the web.

  In one envisaged example in the formation of a type T2 felt, the first sew machine has a meter mounted on four boards placed above and below the web runway and about 3857 needles per board. Use. The four boards move along an elliptical runway so that the web sticks and pulls out of the outwardly projecting needle to cause entanglement and web densification. The needle of the first sew machine is preferably a 40 gauge triangular needle. The first and second stab machines also incorporate about 3857 needles per meter and board, but only the top two boards (i.e., the boards placed on the web). The needle of the second sew machine is a 38 gauge star needle, and the needle of the third sew machine is a 42 gauge triangle needle. In the formation of the comparative type T2 felt, the first sew machine uses 5000 needles above and 5000 needles below, and the second sew machine uses 7000 needles above and 7000 needles below. .

  The mechanism that results in improved performance for type T2 felt is not fully understood, but preliminary drawing of the fibrous web prior to sewing in combination with elliptical sew entanglement is For providing a higher surface area. Thus, the coating is arranged on the composite matrix structure. This prevents film formation at the contact surface, thereby maintaining an irregular large surface area for contact with the floor or other underlying structure. Thus, it is understood that improved performance results from the high surface area and the fact that the coating material is concentrated within the high surface area fiber matrix.

  In the various carpet structures described above, pre-drawing combined with an elliptical sew entanglement helps to form a structure that resists penetration from the top with urethane or other substrate material. This prevents the urethane or other material itself from sealing the felt. Such sealing promotes the formation of unwanted films when a friction promoting coating is applied. In this way, the desired large contact area is promoted by reducing penetration from the underlying urethane or other material.

Examples 23-26 (comparative examples)
Using the test procedures of Examples 7 and 8, Reynolds friction-enhanced coatings for conventional modular bonding techniques and the so-called “Peel & Stick” technique, in which a pressure sensitive peelable adhesive is applied to the underlying floor before installing the overlaid carpet tile A comparative test was made to compare the shear strength (ie, resistance to lateral movement) of 53-451C. Note that with the “Peel & Stick” technology, a pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the backside during manufacture with an overlying protective plastic film to prevent tiles from adhering to each other prior to installation. The results are shown in the table below.

  Based on the above test, the adhesive applied by the manufacturer with low vertical adhesive properties when hot melt coating etc. similar or similar to Reynolds product 53-451C is applied to certain types of felt carpet tile lining High shear strength equivalent to the conventional method using (Peel & Stick) was exhibited.

  The following advantages and effects are conceivable for the coatings described above, particularly in 36 inch carpet tile products.

  1. Carpets that do not require wet adhesives for installation as pressure sensitive adhesives applied during the manufacturing process, either applied to the underlying floor before laying the carpet tiles or covered with a protective plastic membrane Tile products are provided.

  2. Protection that carpet tile products with high shear strength and low tensile strength to prevent slip to and from the floor cover must be removed before installing the tile to facilitate removal and replacement of the floor cover Provided without the need for a plastic release membrane. Such a property eliminates packaging waste and leads to cost reduction for it.

  3. Concrete surface with a moisture level up to 8.0 lb / 1000 sq ft / 24 hours, exceeding the currently accepted industry standard of 3.0 lb / 1000 sq ft / 24 hours, based on the industry standard calcium chloride test A carpet tile product is provided that can be placed on top.

  4). Many old (non-solvent based) with residual tack level = / <0.20 pounds per square inch without the need for expensive floor preparation, sanding and removing and sealing on such adhesives ) A carpet tile product that can be placed on an adhesive is provided.

Examples 27 and 28 (hard lined carpet)
Vertical adhesion and lateral movement resistance were measured for tufted and bonded hard lined carpet structures against the glass surface using the procedure outlined for Examples 7 and 8 above.

  The bonded carpet structure is substantially similar to that shown in FIG. 23A, with a pile surface of nylon yarn (about 29 ounces / square yard), a PVC bonding layer (about 60 ounces / square yard), and the main back of the glass. It has a base support sandwich structure (about 3 ounces / square yard) between the formation layer (about 3 ounces / square yard) and two PVC layers having a total mass of about 80 ounces / square yard. In the coated sample, a friction promoting coating of HB Fuller, HL 5062 (olefin hot melt) was coated on the lower PVC surface at a level of about 1.2 ounces / square yard.

  The tufted carpet structure is substantially similar to that shown in FIG. 23A, with a pile face of nylon yarn (about 24 ounces / square yard), a main lining of spunbonded polyester, and a latex precoat layer (about 16 ounces / square). Yard) and a sandwich structure of glass (about 3 ounces / square yard) between two PVC layers having a total mass of about 60 ounces / square yard. In the coated sample, a friction-enhancing coating of HB Fuller, HL 5062 hot melt was coated on the lower PVC surface at a level of about 1.2 ounces / square yard.

The results are shown in Table 11.

  While excellent results have been achieved using olefin hot melt coatings on PVC, latex or other water-based adhesives provide substantial benefits in such applications.

Examples 29-32 (non-carpet tile materials)
The following examples show the lateral grip, optional joint split strength, and low back-to-back adhesion of various non-carpet surface covering materials in both coated and uncoated conditions.

  Using a top roll applicator, HB Fuller, HL 5062, a friction promoting olefinic hot melt coating, was applied to a common hard surface material. Then, according to the procedure described below, by using the glass surface to measure the resistance to lateral movement (joining shear strength) and vertical adhesion (joint split strength) of each sample, friction promoting properties Was evaluated. After the coated surface was placed in contact, additional measurements were made to determine the adhesion between the two coated samples.

  Split adhesion measurements were made using small pieces of coated hard surface material placed on the glass surface. Each sample covers the glass surface at a distance of 1 inch, thereby separating the sample from the glass surface and providing a surface to which a force can be applied to measure the resulting splitting force. A 25 pound weight was placed on top of each sample to ensure uniform contact with the surface. After 30 seconds, the weight was removed and the peak force required to remove the sample from the surface was measured using a Shimpo FGE-100X digital force gauge. In each case, a separating force was applied that pushed the overlapping edges perpendicularly (90 ° +/− 5 °) to the test sample. Using the same method, measurements were made on comparative samples (uncoated) and compared to the coated material.

  Split adhesion measurements were made using small pieces of coated hard surface material placed on the glass surface. A 25 pound weight was placed on top of each sample to ensure uniform contact with the surface. After 30 seconds, the weight was removed and the peak force required to move the sample laterally over the glass surface was measured using a Shimpo FGE-100X digital force gauge. In all cases, a force was applied to push the central edge of the sample down at an angle of 25 ° +/− 5 °. The measurement was repeated 5 times and then the average force value was recorded. Using the same method, measurements were made on comparative samples (uncoated) and compared to the coated material.

  To assess the blocking properties, the adhesion between samples was measured by keeping two pieces of coated hard surface material in contact with each coated surface. Overlapping samples at a distance of 1 inch from each other provides a surface on which forces are applied to separate the samples. A 25 pound weight was placed on top of the sample. Removed after 30 seconds. The force required to remove the sample was measured using a Shimpo FGE-100X digital force gauge. In all cases, a separating force was applied along the overlapping edge perpendicular to the test sample (90 ° +/− 5 °). The measurement was repeated 5 times and then the average force value was recorded.

The results are shown in Tables 12 (coated samples) and 13 (uncoated comparative samples) below.

  Measurements were made at 72 ° F. and 50% R.D. H. Made in Product = HB Fuller, HL 5062.

Product 1-standard vinyl composite tile-ARMSTRONG
Product 2-Standard Ceramic Wall Tile-IMGERA-B12-156
Product 3-Laminated wood composite floor-SHAW LAMINATES-100-469
Product 4-PREGO wood flooring with cushion lining

Example 33-40 (PVC lined carpet tile)
In order to evaluate various friction promoting coatings for use in PVC rigid backing carpet tiles, chemical affinity with PVC backings under accelerated aging conditions was measured for multiple friction promoting coating compositions. It was. The chemical affinity for various friction promoting coating compositions is substantially shown and described in connection with FIG. 23F, with a total weight of 1320 g / square meter, Toli Japan Standard PVC lined main carpet tiles from Style GA-100 were used and evaluated using accelerated aging to measure the effect of the aging process for coatings applied on PVC lined carpet tiles. These tests indicate whether the friction promoting coating is adversely affected by the transfer of plasticizer or additive chemical from the PVC carpet tile body to the adjacent coating. Unwanted copper is named “F”, and no movement is named “P”.

  Test materials were prepared by applying each friction promoting coating to the back of the PVC-lined carpet tile using a conventional top roll applicator. Where applicable, some samples received either UV curing or drying post-treatments necessary to chemically crosslink the base polymer. Details are provided in Table 14, which lists and describes each product evaluated. The coating weight is 1.0-1.5 ounces / square yard (3.2-4.7 g / square foot), resulting in a thickness of 1.5-2.5 mils.

  Two different accelerated aging tests were used, as outlined below, to reflect actual long-term use teeth.

Accelerated aging test # 1
1. Coated PVC lined carpet tiles were cut into 4 "x 4" test squares. Three sample sets were prepared for each coating material by stacking two carpet squares back to back.

  2. Each sample set was placed in a normal laboratory furnace maintained at 160 ° F.

  3. Individual sample sets were removed from the furnace at 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals and examined for evidence of chemical reaction or bonding between individual layers due to transfer of plasticizers or additives. Frictional properties were evaluated by performing sliding friction tests on various surfaces.

Accelerated aging test # 2
1. Coated PVC lined carpet tiles were cut into 4 "x 4" test squares. Two carpet squares were stacked on the back side to prepare a sample set.

  2. Each sample set was placed in a normal laboratory furnace maintained at 120 ° F. for 21 days.

  3. Sample sets were investigated for evidence of chemical reaction or bonding between individual layers due to transfer of plasticizers or additives. Frictional properties were evaluated by performing a sliding friction test.

  Thus, test # 1 was performed at a higher temperature and a shorter period, and test # 2 was performed at a lower temperature and a longer period. The results are summarized in Table 13 below. A passing result was achieved as to whether there was an indication of a chemical change or coating property change associated with the test. Conversely, visual indicia of chemical changes or changes in coating properties have resulted in failure.

Based on these tests, some modified or crosslinked urethane coatings showed excellent resistance to the reaction of PVC plasticizers and additives. Similarly, certain acrylate hot melt compounds showed excellent resistance to the reaction of PVC plasticizers and additives.

Commercially available from HB Fuller 5062 and 6599 ... HB Fuller Co
Northwest 50587G and 50587H, available from Northwest Coating, Oak Creek, Wisconsin
CTI 3603 and 2743 ... commercially available from Chemical Technologies Inc., Detroit, Michigan
Robond PS-68, available from Rohm and Haas Chemicals
Reynolds product 531C. Commercially available from The Reynolds Company.

Example 41-48
Friction promoting properties for various coatings showing chemical compatibility with PVC (those that have passed the above aging test) are measured on various flooring surfaces (concrete, wood, glass, aluminum and steel) to promote friction. Compared to Toli GA-100 PVC hard lined tile without coating. The vertical tack of coated tiles and uncoated comparative samples on these surfaces was also measured. The test procedures shown in Examples 7 and 8 above were used to measure friction and vertical tack. The results are shown in Table 15 below.

  Based on the above tests, the coatings listed in Table 15 exhibit desirable properties so that the coated tiles do not permanently bond to the common sub-floor surface, yet the tiles slide or move easily. It was concluded that it exhibits a sufficiently high resistance to lateral movement to prevent this. In addition, the coating exhibited low vertical adhesion properties (tackiness) and desirable properties to easily lift the tile from the spot.

  Of course, such friction promoting coatings are in no way limited to hard-lined PVC carpet tiles. Rather, it is contemplated that such friction promoting coatings may be used for any cushioned or hard lined carpet tile, as well as other non-carpet surface covers described above. Thus, the present invention provides a number of surface covering elements that incorporate a friction promoting coating on the underside. Surprisingly, such friction promoting coatings provide resistance to lateral slip, but nevertheless a high degree of adhesion to the underlying support surface (floor, countertop, wall, etc.) Can be avoided. Resistance to vertical sticking helps to replace the cover element with installation, while avoiding the need to incorporate a release cover sheet for packaging. The friction promoting coating is also characterized by low adhesion to itself (i.e., substantially non-blocking), thereby allowing the back-to-back packaging. In addition, coatings were found that were sufficiently comparable to traditional PVC, such as used for hard lined carpet tiles.

  Of course, although the present invention has been shown in the context of potentially preferred embodiments, configurations, and examples, such embodiments, configurations, and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited thereto. Is not to be done. Rather, modifications and variations that embody the principles of the invention will undoubtedly occur to those skilled in the art, so that the invention may be incorporated into the broad principles of the invention. is there.

FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating an exemplary geometric and pattern arrangement of surface cover elements on a support surface. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view illustrating an exemplary multilayer structure of a pile forming surface cover element for placement on a subfloor support surface, each incorporating a coating of a friction promoting member on a substrate. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing various decorative cover elements incorporating a nonwoven exterior surface and a friction enhancing coating. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing various decorative cover elements incorporating a nonwoven exterior surface and a friction enhancing coating. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing various decorative cover elements incorporating a nonwoven exterior surface and a friction enhancing coating. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of various decorative cover elements that incorporate a flat woven or knitted exterior surface and a friction-enhancing backing coating. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of various decorative cover elements that incorporate a flat woven or knitted exterior surface and a friction-enhancing backing coating. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of various decorative cover elements that incorporate a flat woven or knitted exterior surface and a friction-enhancing backing coating. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of various decorative cover elements that incorporate raised pile exterior surfaces and friction-enhancing backing coatings. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of various decorative cover elements that incorporate raised pile exterior surfaces and friction-enhancing backing coatings. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a decorative cover element having a wood exterior surface. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a decorative cover element having a ceramic exterior surface. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a decorative cover element having a synthetic laminate exterior surface. Elevated view of area rug. Sectional drawing cut | disconnected along line 31-31 of FIG. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary discontinuous pattern of friction promoting material disposed on the lower surface of a surface cover element. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary discontinuous pattern of friction promoting material disposed on the lower surface of a surface cover element. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary discontinuous pattern of friction promoting material disposed on the lower surface of a surface cover element. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary discontinuous pattern of friction promoting material disposed on the lower surface of a surface cover element. FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary discontinuous pattern of friction promoting material disposed on the lower surface of a surface cover element.

Claims (47)

A surface covering element adapted for placement over a support surface,
An exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface; and the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface A lower side adapted to protrude toward the surface, the surface cover element being substantially free of a frictional coating and more substantially than the lateral grip exhibited by the surface cover element of equal construction. A friction promoting coating composition is disposed over the lower side at a level effective to promote sliding friction of the surface cover element to indicate a lateral grip on the large support surface. The friction-enhancing coating composition does not permanently adhere to the support surface and has a vertical tack or adhesion amount with little or no blocking. Surface cover element that provides the original.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is disposed on the underside of the surface cover element in an additive amount not greater than about 50 grams per square meter.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is disposed on the underside of the surface cover element in an additive amount not greater than about 30 grams per square meter.   The invention of claim 1 wherein the friction promoting coating composition is disposed on the underside of the surface cover element in an additive amount not greater than about 20 grams per square meter.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is a latex composition.   The invention according to claim 5, wherein the latex composition is an acrylic latex composition.   The invention according to claim 5, wherein the latex composition is an EVA latex composition.   The invention according to claim 5, wherein the latex composition is an SBR latex composition.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is a hot melt composition.   The invention according to claim 9, wherein the hot melt composition is an olefin composition.   11. The invention of claim 10, wherein the olefin composition is based on one of polypropylene and polyethylene.   The exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is selected from the group consisting of carpet fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven felts, lint-woven fabrics, and fluffy pile fabrics. The invention according to claim 1, which is a woven fiber.   3. The invention of claim 2, wherein the surface covering element is a cushion carpet fabric selected from the group consisting of wide carpets, runners, area rugs, and modular carpet tiles.   The exterior surface is a carpet fabric, and the surface cover element is a cushion carpet fabric selected from the group consisting of wide carpets, runners, area rugs, and modular carpet tiles, and the carpet fabric is at least one layer of PVC. The invention according to claim 12, which is a lining comprising   The invention of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a vinyl surface.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a ceramic surface.   The invention according to claim 1, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a laminate surface.   The invention according to claim 1, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a wood surface.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the surface covering element is at least one layer of foam cushion.   The invention according to claim 1, wherein the surface covering element is at least one of a flooring, a counter top surface, or a wall covering. The surface covering element, the invention according to claim 1 having at least 0.01 lb / inch ² vertical adhesive. The surface covering elements, the invention described in claim 1 having a least 0.02 lb / inch ² vertical adhesive. The surface covering element, the invention according to claim 1 having at least 0.03 lbs / inch ² vertical adhesive. The surface covering element, the invention according to claim 1 having at least 0.04 lbs / inch ² vertical adhesive. A surface covering element adapted to be placed over a supporting surface of any of the group consisting of concrete, wood, glass, aluminum or steel,
An exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface; and the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface A bottom portion of the PVC adapted to protrude toward the surface, wherein the surface cover element is substantially more than the lateral grip exhibited by the surface cover element of equal construction without a friction promoting coating. A friction promoting coating composition is coated on the lower side at a level effective to promote sliding friction of the surface cover element to exhibit a lateral grip on the support surface that is large. A surface covering element, wherein the friction promoting coating composition does not permanently adhere to the support surface.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is disposed on the underside of the surface cover element at an added amount of about 0.5 to about 1.5 ounces per square yard.   The invention of claim 1 wherein the friction promoting coating composition is a crosslinked urethane.   28. The invention of claim 27, wherein the crosslinked urethane is urethane cured with ultraviolet light.   28. The invention according to claim 27, wherein the crosslinked urethane is heat-cured urethane.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is an acrylic hot melt composition.   The exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is selected from the group consisting of carpet fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven felts, lint-woven fabrics, and fluffy pile fabrics. 26. The invention according to claim 25, wherein the fiber is an open fiber.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the surface covering element is a cushion carpet fabric selected from the group consisting of wide carpets, runners, area rugs, and modular carpet tiles.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a vinyl surface.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a ceramic surface.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a laminate surface.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the exterior surface adapted to protrude from the support surface is a wood surface. A surface covering element comprising a hard lined carpet tile adapted to be placed over a supporting surface of any of the group consisting of concrete, wood, glass, aluminum or steel,
An exterior surface of an outwardly projecting pile yarn adapted to project from the support surface when the surface cover element is disposed on the support surface, and the surface cover element is on the support surface A PVC underside adapted to project toward the support surface when deployed, wherein the surface cover element is represented by the surface cover element of equal construction without a friction promoting coating. A friction-enhancing coating composition at a level effective to promote sliding friction of the surface cover element so as to exhibit a degree of lateral grip on the support surface that is substantially greater than the measured lateral grip. Is disposed on the underside of the PVC, and the friction promoting coating composition does not permanently adhere to the support surface, and the friction promoting coating Composition, surface covering elements selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane and urethane hot melt polymer.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is silicone rubber.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the friction promoting coating is a discontinuous pattern on the lower side.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is silicone rubber.   38. The invention of claim 37, wherein the friction promoting coating composition is silicone rubber.   The invention of claim 1, wherein the lower portion includes felt.   43. The invention of claim 42, wherein the felt is a predrafted, elliptically stabbed felt.   26. The invention of claim 25, wherein the lower portion includes felt.   45. The invention of claim 44, wherein the felt is a predrafted, elliptically stabbed felt.   38. The invention of claim 37, wherein the lower side includes a felt. 47. The invention of claim 46, wherein the felt is a predrafted, elliptically stabbed felt.

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