JP2006346221A - Personal authentication method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform personal authentication using pressure fluctuation on a body. <P>SOLUTION: The personal authentication apparatus comprises a pressure detection section 20 which is configured accessible at any part of the body of a user and detects pressure fluctuation of the body of the user, an output section 200 which processes a pressure fluctuation signal from the pressure detection section 20 and outputs waveforms to be used for subsequent processes, an analytical section 32 which analyzes sequential features included in the waveforms and extracts feature amount included in the waveforms and capable of identifying the user, and a comparison section 34 which compares the detected waveform feature amount with a waveform feature amount registered beforehand. When the difference between the detected waveform feature amount and a waveform feature amount registered beforehand is determined to be the same or less than a certain threshold value, the personal authentication apparatus has a terminal device 3, which can communicate with the comparison section, accept the use by the user. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a personal authentication method and apparatus, and more particularly, to a personal authentication method and apparatus using pressure fluctuation from the body.

  In recent years, the digitization of information and the networking of information have rapidly progressed, and a personal authentication system that authenticates the person safely and reliably is required. For example, a bank or the like provides many financial services via a network, and it is necessary to reliably authenticate that the person who is trying to receive the service is the person himself / herself. In addition, in research institutions, etc., it is necessary to authenticate that the person who accesses the confidential information is a licensed person. However, at present, most personal authentication uses a combination of a card and a password, or a combination of a user ID and a password, and is exposed to the risk of the card being forged or the user ID or password being stolen. ing.

Therefore, a biometrics authentication method for safely and accurately identifying the identity of the person has been developed. Biometrics is a pre-measurement of physical and behavioral characteristics of each individual and registration in the system. At the time of authentication, the physical characteristics and behavioral characteristics of the person matches the pre-registered data. It is a method of authenticating that the other party is the person by judging whether or not. For example, physical features include fingerprints, handprints, irises, retinas, voiceprints, heart sounds, breathing, faces, etc., and behavioral features include handwriting, keyboard typing, and the like. The advantage of biometrics is that, in addition to being able to accurately authenticate that the other party is the person, it is difficult to forge, duplicate or steal. Further, it is not necessary for the person to carry a cash card or the like, and it is not necessary to store information such as a user ID and a password that proves the identity of the person.
JP 2004-89314 A

  However, a conventional personal authentication system using biometrics requires a high-speed processing device and a large-capacity storage device, and is therefore very expensive. Therefore, at present, biometrics personal authentication systems are required in various places, but are not widespread. For example, the use of biometrics is limited to defense facilities and research institutions that require extremely high security.

  Conventional biometrics personal authentication systems have high security. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to pre-register data, and it may not be possible to quickly authenticate that the other party is the person. In addition, the biometrics personal authentication system cannot accurately authenticate due to changes in physical condition or injury.

  In addition, conventional personal authentication systems, including biometrics personal authentication systems, authenticate only once at startup, and once authentication is performed, a person other than the principal uses the system as the principal ( “Spoofing”) is possible. For example, in a conventional personal authentication system, once a password is input at the time of authentication, there is no means for preventing anyone other than the user from using the computer thereafter.

  An object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above problems.

  A personal authentication device according to the present invention is configured to be able to contact any part of a user's body, detects a pressure fluctuation of the user's body, and the pressure fluctuation from the pressure detection part. An output unit that processes a signal of the signal and outputs a waveform to be used for subsequent processing, and a time-dependent feature included in the waveform, and a feature that is included in the waveform and that can identify a user And a comparison unit for comparing the detected feature quantity of the waveform with a pre-registered waveform feature quantity, and the pre-registered feature quantity of the detected waveform. When it is determined that the difference from the waveform feature amount is equal to or less than a threshold value, the terminal device enabled to communicate with the comparison unit is allowed to accept use by the user. In the present invention, the waveform of the pressure fluctuation further includes at least one of a user's heart waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration, and the pressure detection unit is detected from any part of the user's body. Detecting at least one of a heart sound waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration by contact. Further, in the present invention, the pressure detection unit further detects a user's motion sound, the output unit further outputs the motion sound as a motion sound waveform, and the analysis unit converts the motion sound waveform into the motion sound waveform. Analyzing the temporal characteristics included to extract the feature amount, the comparison unit compares the feature amount of the detected motion sound waveform with the feature amount of the motion sound waveform registered in advance, and the detection When the user determines that the difference between the feature quantity of the motion sound waveform and the feature quantity of the pre-registered motion sound waveform is equal to or less than a threshold value, the use by the user is permitted. To do.

  Here, the pressure fluctuation transmitted through the body is generated from each organ of the user's body such as the beating heart, the breathing lung, etc. when the user is stationary, Sound generated when the body moves with the user's consciousness or unconsciousness and comes into contact with an external object propagates through the body as a vibration medium and is detected by the pressure detection means. Or a change in pressure detected by the pressure detection means as a change in shape. The pressure waveform due to the heart sound waveform and the respiration is an example of the pressure fluctuation transmitted in the user's body, which is generated from the user's organ. The sound of typing on the keyboard and the sound of clicking the mouse are examples of what occurs when the user's body comes into contact with an external object. The movement sound waveform is a waveform of sound generated by a user's movement in a discrete or intermittent manner. This motion sound waveform includes features such as an interval between individual key sounds when typing a keyboard, a pattern of vibrations caused by the strength of typing finger pressure, an interval pattern of mouse click sounds, and the like. If the pressure detector is in contact with any part of the body, it is possible to detect pressure fluctuations due to at least one of heart sounds, pressure due to breathing, and motion sounds. The output unit can send at least one of a heart sound waveform, a pressure waveform due to respiration, and a motion sound waveform to the analysis unit and the personal information data storage unit. Further, the personal information data storage unit includes at least one of a cardiac sound waveform, a pressure waveform due to respiration, and a motion sound waveform, and at least one of a waveform feature amount and a motion sound waveform feature amount from the analysis unit and the personal information data external storage unit. You can get a heel. The comparison unit compares the feature quantity of the detected waveform with the pre-registered waveform feature quantity, or compares the detected feature quantity of the motion sound waveform with the pre-registered feature quantity of the motion sound waveform. The determined result is sent to the terminal unit. A time-dependent characteristic is an attribute of a waveform that is obtained by acquiring waveform data over a predetermined period or number of times. Examples of this are the peak position, period, frequency component, phase of the waveform, fluctuations included in these, changes with time, and the like. In order to execute the personal authentication method according to the present invention, a terminal device can be used. At this time, the terminal device can be configured to include an output unit, an analysis unit, a comparison unit, and a personal information data storage unit. In addition, the pressure detection unit, the output unit, the analysis unit, the comparison unit, and the personal information data storage unit may be included in the same device.

  Furthermore, the personal authentication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the analysis unit analyzes the waveform using time-frequency analysis. Here, the analysis unit can analyze the waveform using wavelet transform. Further, the analysis unit is characterized in that the waveform is time-differentiated once or more, and the waveform is analyzed using time-frequency analysis. Further, the analysis unit is characterized in that the waveform is a waveform pattern of one cycle, and the waveform pattern is normalized with respect to at least one of an amplitude and a cycle. In addition, the analysis unit detects fluctuations in at least one of amplitude and period in the waveform.

  Next, in the personal authentication device according to the present invention, when the terminal device determines that the difference between the detected feature amount of the waveform and the pre-registered waveform feature amount is equal to or less than a threshold value In addition, the user is requested to input information for identification, and further authentication is performed. Further, when it is determined that the terminal device has a difference between the detected feature value of the motion sound waveform and the feature value of the pre-registered motion sound waveform equal to or less than a threshold value, the user Is requested to input information for identification, and further authentication is performed.

  The personal authentication device according to the present invention is characterized in that the pressure detector detects the pressure fluctuation continuously or a plurality of times. Note that the pressure detection unit can detect the pressure continuously or at a plurality of times at arbitrary intervals and at random intervals.

  In addition, in the personal authentication device according to the present invention, the terminal device can communicate with the pressure detection unit, and can activate the pressure detection unit. Note that “communicable” indicates that data or a command can be transmitted / received via a cable or a radio wave.

  Furthermore, the personal authentication device according to the present invention is disposed at a body contact site such as an electronic seal stamp, an electronic pen, a desk, a chair, a pad, a futon, a computer, a mobile phone, an electronic device, and a card holder.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, by analyzing using the temporal characteristics of the waveform of pressure fluctuation, the characteristics included in the detected waveform can be analyzed in more detail, and detailed authentication can be performed.

  In the present invention, when the analysis means normalizes the waveform, the waveform data can be stored as a fixed length, and high-speed authentication processing can be performed.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, when the analysis means normalizes the waveform, the detected waveform can be expanded or contracted in accordance with the interval between heart sounds, so there is a change in physical condition or injury. However, the authentication process can be performed accurately.

  Next, in the present invention, it is possible to determine that the waveform is counterfeited when fluctuations in at least one of amplitude and period are not detected in the waveform.

  In addition, in the present invention, when the personal authentication method and apparatus acquire at least one of the feature quantity of the heart sound waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration and the feature quantity of the motion sound waveform, the feature quantities are combined. Thus, it is possible to perform authentication, and there is an effect that safer and more accurate authentication can be performed.

  In addition, when the user is requested to input information for identification, the person himself / herself is required to identify the combination of the feature value of at least one of the sound waveform and the pressure waveform caused by respiration and the feature value of the motion sound waveform. Whether or not the information is stored can be recognized multiple times, and safe and accurate authentication can be performed.

  Next, embodiments of a personal authentication method and apparatus according to the present application will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional plan view of pressure detection means used to realize the personal authentication device according to the present invention. The pressure detection means 20 according to the present embodiment is attached to a part where a part of the body such as a finger or a hand of the person 1 (FIG. 3) who is a subject of personal authentication is in contact, and includes an aerated sponge or the like. The air pad 21 in which the foamed urethane resin 22 is sealed, the piezoelectric sensor 24 for detecting a change in air pressure in the air pad 21, and the piezoelectric sensor 24 and the air pad 21 are connected in communication while maintaining an airtight state. And a flexible pipe 25 and a piezoelectric power generation device (not shown) as a power source.

  The air pad 21 is a rectangular bag formed of two skins 23 and 230 in a planar shape, and the peripheral edges of both skins 23 and 230 are maintained so that the airtightness is maintained. The part is formed by being bonded with an adhesive capable of maintaining airtightness. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the air pad side 24A of the piezoelectric sensor 24 is kept airtight, and the other side 24B is opened to the atmosphere. And a pressure difference caused by at least one of heart sound, breathing, and movement sound applied to the air pad 21 can be reliably transmitted to the piezoelectric sensor 24, so that the heart sound, breathing, And data relating to at least one of the movement sounds can be extracted with high accuracy. Further, a hard plate material 29 is arranged inside the air pad 21 as shown in FIG. Although not shown in FIG. 1B, the plate material 29 is formed in a wedge shape whose thickness dimension decreases in one direction in the depth direction of FIG. 1B. In the above embodiment, the case where the air pad side 24A of the piezoelectric sensor 24 is configured to be kept airtight has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the piezoelectric sensor is not limited thereto. It is also possible to form a fine hole 24D through which the air sealing chamber side and the atmosphere side of the sensor unit 24C to which the sensor 24 is attached are communicated with each other so that the air in the air sealing chamber side is removed with resistance. . In this case, the foamed urethane resin 22 that has been pressed and contracted can be prevented from returning to its original state in an airtight state, and can be smoothly returned to its original state.

  Furthermore, the air pad 21 is formed with a passage 27 to which an air pump (not shown) for replenishing air pressure can be connected, and the passage 27 allows air in the air pad 21 to flow out. A check valve (not shown) is provided to prevent it.

  Next, the output unit 200 will be described. FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the pressure detection unit 20 and the output unit 200. The output unit 200 can output a signal from the pressure detection unit 20 as at least one of a heart sound waveform, a respiration pressure waveform, and a motion sound waveform. The output unit 200 separates the heart sound waveform, the pressure waveform due to respiration, and the motion sound waveform from the pressure detection circuit 26 that detects the heart sound, respiration and motion sound as the pressure waveform and motion sound waveform due to the heart sound waveform and respiration. It comprises a waveform separation unit 28 for discrimination. It should be noted that movement sounds are much louder than heart sounds and pressures due to breathing. Therefore, the pressure detection unit 20 often cannot detect pressure fluctuations due to heart sounds or breathing while a motion sound is heard. The waveform separation unit 28 can separate the heart sound waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration as necessary using frequency analysis or the like.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the personal authentication device 30 of the present invention. The personal authentication device 30 uses at least one of a cardiac sound waveform, a pressure waveform due to respiration, and a motion sound waveform. First, the detected heart sound, respiration, and motion sound are detected by the output unit 200 as a heart sound waveform, a pressure waveform due to respiration, and a motion sound waveform, and then sent to the analysis unit 32 and the personal information data storage unit 38. The analysis unit 32 analyzes at least one of the heart sound waveform and the respiratory waveform using the wavelet transform, and extracts the feature amount of the waveform. At this time, the analysis unit 32 can also perform time differentiation at least once and then perform analysis using wavelet transform to extract the feature amount of the waveform. Alternatively, the analysis unit 32 can receive a motion sound waveform from the output unit 200 and extract a feature amount included in the motion sound waveform. The feature amount of the waveform is, for example, waveform information for each wavelength band or wavelet transformed waveform information. These reflect the characteristics over time included in the waveform.

  Here, wavelet transform used for analysis in the analysis unit 32 will be described. A cardiac sound waveform and a respiratory waveform, which are biological signals, include a plurality of components and are complicated. Frequency analysis such as FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is a technique often used for analyzing a signal including a plurality of components. However, since the frequency analysis treats the signal as a steady signal, the obtained frequency characteristic is an average value in the data section, and the time variation of each frequency component cannot be handled. Even if STFT (Short-time Fourier Transform) considering time factors is used, the resolution of time and frequency cannot be improved at the same time. Therefore, it is desirable to analyze the heart waveform whose frequency changes with time and the pressure waveform due to respiration using time frequency analysis such as wavelet analysis.

ただし、関数の上に付したバーは、複素共役を表す。 FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram for explaining the wavelet transform. Here, in particular, continuous wavelet transform will be described. The analysis unit 32 can use discrete wavelet transform, multi-resolution analysis, etc. in addition to continuous wavelet transform. The wavelet transform is a technique for performing signal analysis by scaling and translating a certain localized wave. A small wave used for analysis is called a mother wavelet ψ (t). In the wavelet transform, the mother wavelet ψ (t) 40, an example of which is shown in FIG. 4A, is enlarged and reduced by a times and translated in the time axis direction by b, and ψ ((t−b) / a ). The continuous wavelet transform for the function f (t) by the mother wavelet ψ (t) is defined as the following mathematical formula.

However, the bar above the function represents the complex conjugate.

、又は心音モデルから作成されたウェーブレット関数を用いるのが望ましい。 Next, in the wavelet transform, the wavelet function ψ ((t−b) / a) that is enlarged and reduced by a times and translated by b in the time axis direction, and the waveform in the section t _{1 to} t ₂ in the detected waveform 42. The product of the function f (t) representing 44 is integrated over time. Here, when the wavelet function ψ ((t−b) / a) closely approximates the function f (t), the integral value becomes large, and when the degree of approximation is insufficient, the integral is integrated. Since the value becomes small, a function ψ ((t−b) / a) that best approximates f (t) can be obtained by obtaining a and b at which the integral value is maximized. Thereby, the frequency and time information for the detected waveform 42 can be obtained (FIG. 4C). Note that in the wavelet function ψ ((t−b) / a), the width of ψ (t) is a times corresponding to the expansion / contraction variable a, so 1 / a corresponds to the frequency and the movement variable b Correspondingly, b corresponds to time since ψ (t) translates in the direction of the time axis. The analysis unit 32 can obtain the frequency component included in the pressure waveform and the timing at which the component is included as data by executing such a wavelet transform process. In the present invention, any wavelet function may be used because it is not necessary to perform inverse transformation. For example, the mother wavelet function ψ (t) includes a Gabor function,

Alternatively, it is desirable to use a wavelet function created from a heart sound model.

  The analysis unit 32 can enlarge or reduce the components for each wavelength band of the wavelet transformed waveform information by the same ratio. Furthermore, the components in each wavelength band can be enlarged or reduced by different ratios. The analysis unit 32 can time-differentiate the detected waveform one or more times, and can enlarge or reduce the differentiated waveform in the time axis direction. Further, the amplitude of the waveform can be corrected in accordance with the enlargement or reduction of the waveform. In addition, the analysis unit 32 can cut out a waveform pattern of one cycle of the detected heart sound waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration, and normalize the waveform pattern by at least one of amplitude and frequency. The analysis unit 32 sends the normalized waveform pattern to the personal information data storage unit 38. In addition, the analysis unit 32 can detect fluctuations in at least one of the amplitude and the period in at least one of the detected heart sound waveform and respiratory waveform. Next, the analysis unit 32 sends the feature value of at least one of the heart waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration, or the feature value of the motion sound to the comparison unit 34. At this time, the analysis unit 32 may send the data to the personal information data storage unit 38 at the same time.

  Subsequently, the comparison unit 34 receives from the personal information data storage unit 38 at least one feature quantity of a cardiac sound waveform and a pressure waveform caused by respiration, or a feature value of a motion sound waveform. The comparison unit 34 compares the feature quantity of at least one of the detected heart sound waveform and the pressure waveform caused by respiration or the feature quantity of the motion sound waveform with a pre-registered feature quantity. The feature amount registered in advance is a feature amount of pressure fluctuation obtained as described above from a person who is determined as a valid user (person) of the personal authentication device 30 of the present invention. For example, the comparison unit 34 squares and adds the difference between the detected feature value and the previously registered feature value, and when the obtained value is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the detected waveform And the waveform registered in advance are determined to be the same, and when the predetermined value is exceeded, it is determined that they are not the same.

  As another aspect, the comparison unit 34, from the personal information data storage unit 38, normalizes a one-cycle waveform pattern of a detected waveform and a normalized one-cycle waveform pattern of a pre-registered waveform. You can also get In this aspect, the comparison unit 34 enlarges or reduces the detected waveform pattern by at least one of the waveform amplitude and the time axis, enlarges or reduces the time axis according to the period of the heart sound waveform, By comparing the amplitude and period expansion / reduction ratio according to the period, or by enlarging or reducing only the time axis in accordance with the interval between heart sounds, comparison is made with a pre-registered normalized waveform pattern. Furthermore, when the comparison unit 34 cannot detect fluctuations in at least one of the amplitude and the period in at least one of the heart waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration, a determination result indicating that the user is not the user can be output. .

  Subsequently, the determination result of the comparison unit 34 is sent to the determination output unit 36. The determination output unit 36 can communicate with the terminal device 3 by an arbitrary communication means, and the determination output unit 36 and the terminal device 3 may be directly connected, or via wireless such as Bluetooth. May be connected.

  The terminal device 3 receives the determination result from the determination output unit 36, and changes its operation according to the result. When the personal authentication device 30 determines that the user is not the user, the terminal device 3 can display a display indicating that the user cannot be authenticated. Furthermore, even after the terminal device 3 detects the user's heart sound waveform, the pressure waveform due to respiration, and / or the movement sound by the personal authentication device 30 and determines that the user is the person, It is possible to further authenticate by asking further information for identification such as name, date of birth, address, telephone number, family register, etc., and comparing the answer to the question with that of the person acquired in advance. The terminal device 3 can communicate with the pressure detection device 20, and the terminal device 3 can activate the pressure detection device 20 and check whether the user is using the terminal device 3.

  The personal information data external storage unit 5 can communicate with the personal information data storage unit 38, and includes at least one of a cardiac sound waveform and a respiratory waveform, a feature value of the waveform, a motion sound waveform, and a feature value of the motion sound waveform. Can be stored. The personal information data external storage unit 5 may be a network, and is a magnetic tape, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid-state memory, an IC chip, a microchip, a server, or the like.

  Another embodiment of the personal authentication method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described. The analysis unit 32 can obtain the heartbeat period from the detected waveform. In order to obtain this period, it is possible to extract a timing at which the waveform is at a constant level and use a repetition period of the timing. If this period is obtained, the analysis unit 32 can further cut out a waveform pattern of one period from the waveform of pressure fluctuation. The analysis unit 32 sends the heartbeat cycle obtained in this way and the average of the heartbeat cycles obtained from a plurality of waveform patterns to the personal information data recording unit 38. Next, the comparison unit 34 compares the heartbeat cycle of the detected waveform with a pre-registered heartbeat cycle or an average of the heartbeat cycles. The personal authentication method and apparatus of the present invention authenticates the user as the person when the comparison unit 34 determines that the detected heartbeat period and the heartbeat period registered in advance are the same. Further, after authentication, the determination can be repeated a prescribed number of times. In addition, even if the user has been authenticated once, the authentication can be repeated at specified intervals.

  In the personal authentication method and apparatus of the present invention, a waveform pattern obtained by cutting out the detected waveform for one cycle is acquired a plurality of times, and the personal information data recording unit 38 records the plurality of waveform patterns as data in advance. can do. The comparison unit 34 compares the waveform patterns of the detected waveforms with respect to each of the plurality of data, and detects a recorded waveform when data having a difference of a predetermined value or more is detected a predetermined number of times. It can be determined that the waveform is not the same.

  Next, FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of processing of the personal authentication device using wavelet transform using at least one of heart sounds and breathing in the embodiment of the present invention. In this process, first, the personal authentication data storage unit 38 acquires registration data in advance (not shown). Next, the pressure detection unit 20 detects at least one of a heart sound and a pressure due to respiration (step 502). In the output unit 200, the pressure detection circuit 26 detects the detected heart sound and the pressure due to respiration as a heart waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration (step 504). At this time, the waveform separation unit 28 can preliminarily separate the heart waveform and the pressure waveform due to respiration, but this processing is not performed here. Subsequently, the output unit 200 sends the waveform to the analysis unit 32 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 506). Then, the analysis unit 32 analyzes the waveform from the pressure detection circuit 26 using the wavelet transform, and extracts the waveform information for each wavelength band included in the waveform (step 508). Next, the analysis unit 32 sends the analysis data to the comparison unit 34 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 510). Then, the comparison unit 34 compares the feature quantity of the detected waveform with the feature quantity of the pre-registered waveform, and determines whether or not the detected waveform and the pre-registered waveform are the same ( Step 512). Here, if they are the same, the terminal device 3 can be used (step 514). If they are not the same, if the terminal device 3 is available, the terminal device 3 is disabled (step 516). ).

  Next, FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the process of the personal authentication device using the motion sound in the embodiment of the present invention. As preparation, the personal authentication data storage unit 38 acquires registration data in advance (not shown). When the operation is started, the pressure detection unit 20 detects a movement sound (step 602). In the output unit 200, the motion sound detected by the pressure detection circuit 26 is detected as a motion sound waveform (step 604). The output unit 200 sends the motion sound waveform to the analysis unit 32 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 606). Then, the analysis unit 32 extracts a feature value from the motion sound waveform (step 608), and further sends the feature value to the comparison unit 34 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 610). The comparison unit 34 compares the feature amount of the detected motion sound with the feature amount of the pre-registered motion sound, and determines whether or not the detected motion sound is the same as the pre-registered motion sound. (Step 612). If they are the same, the terminal device 3 can be used (step 614). If they are not the same, if the terminal device 3 is available, the terminal device 3 is disabled (step 616).

  Next, FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the process of the personal authentication device that normalizes the waveform pattern using at least one of heart sounds and respiration in the embodiment of the present invention. Also in this case, as a preparation, the personal authentication data storage unit 38 acquires registration data in advance (not shown). When the operation is started, the pressure detection unit 20 detects at least one of heart sound and pressure due to respiration (step 702). Then, the output unit 200 detects the heart sound and the pressure due to respiration detected by the pressure detection circuit 26 as a heart waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration (step 704). The output unit 200 sends the waveform to the analysis unit 32 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 706). The analysis unit 32 extracts a waveform pattern of one cycle from the waveform, and normalizes the waveform pattern with at least one of amplitude and cycle (step 708). Next, the analysis unit 32 sends the normalized waveform data to the comparison unit 34 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 710). Thereafter, the comparison unit 34 compares the normalized data of the detected waveform with the normalized data of the pre-registered waveform, and the detected waveform is the same as the pre-registered waveform. It is determined whether or not (step 712). If these waveforms are the same, the terminal device 3 can be used (step 714), and if the waveforms are not the same, if the terminal device 3 is in a usable state, the terminal device 3 is disabled (step 714). 716).

  FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of processing of the personal authentication device using fluctuation detection using at least one of heart sounds and breathing in the embodiment of the present invention. The personal authentication data storage unit 38 obtains registration data in advance as in the past (not shown). First, the pressure detection unit 20 detects at least one of a heart sound and a pressure due to respiration (step 802). The output unit 200 detects the heart sound and pressure due to respiration detected by the pressure detection circuit 26 as a heart waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration (step 804). The output unit 200 further sends the waveform to the analysis unit 32 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 806). Next, the analysis unit 32 analyzes the waveform for fluctuation of at least one of amplitude and period (step 808). The analysis unit 32 sends the analysis data to the comparison unit 34 and the personal information data storage unit 38 (step 810). When the fluctuation is detected, the terminal device 3 can be used (step 812). When the fluctuation is not detected and the terminal device 3 is available, the terminal device 3 is disabled (step 814).

  Next, an embodiment of a personal authentication device using at least one of a heart sound waveform, a respiratory waveform, and a motion sound waveform according to the present invention will be described. The personal authentication device of the present invention can include an analysis unit 32, a comparison unit 34, an authentication output unit 36, and a personal information data storage unit 38 in the terminal device 3. For example, the computer may include an analysis unit 32, a comparison unit 34, an authentication output unit 36, and a personal information data storage unit 38, and a mouse connected to the computer may include the pressure detection unit 20. it can. Instead of providing the pressure detection unit 20 on the mouse, for example, an electronic seal stamp, a desk, a chair, a wrist pad, a pad such as an arm pad, a cushion, a futon, a computer, a mobile phone, an electronic device, a card holder, etc. A pressure detector 20 can also be provided. In addition, the pressure detection unit 20, the output unit 200, the analysis unit 32, the comparison unit 34, the authentication output unit 36, and the personal information data storage unit 38 are, for example, a wristwatch, a mobile phone, a PDA (portable information terminal). ) Or a card holder or the like, so that a signal from the pressure detection unit 20 can be received.

  The personal authentication device of the present invention can also be provided in a mobile phone. Such a mobile phone can further store information such as an account number of a bank or the like using the memory of the mobile phone. This information may be acquired from any data server by the communication function of the mobile phone. In such a configuration, when using an ATM (Automatic Cash Teller) at a bank or the like, the person does not need to memorize a cash card and a personal identification number. An account number and a determination result based on at least one of a cardiac sound waveform and a respiratory waveform can be transmitted by radio waves or the like.

  The personal authentication device of the present invention can also be provided in a card holder for storing a card. Such a card holder can store one or a plurality of cash cards, credit cards, Juki cards (basic resident register cards), etc., and also includes a means for reading data recorded on these cards. Yes. For this reason, this card holder can acquire information such as an account number from a card or the like stored in the card holder. The card holder provided with this personal authentication device can send the card information and the authentication result of authentication to the terminal device to be used. In addition, the card holder is also provided with a mechanism that prevents the stored card from being mechanically removed. This mechanism controls whether or not the card can be taken out according to the authentication result. By comprising in this way, it can also comprise so that a card holder can remove a card | curd in a card holder by the said card holder using authentication.

  The personal authentication system of the present invention can also be used for animals other than humans. For example, in a zoo or the like, it is possible to measure the number of animals in an area that can be connected by animal health management, radio, or the like.

  The personal authentication device of the present invention can record or analyze at least one of the user's heart sound waveform and respiration waveform continuously or multiple times, and the waveform obtained in this way is different from the normal sound waveform and respiration waveform. When at least one of the waveforms is shown, the terminal device can be disabled. Furthermore, a terminal device capable of communicating with a personal authentication device is assumed to have abnormalities in tension, cardiac function, blood vessels, etc. by detecting at least one of a heart waveform different from usual and a pressure waveform due to respiration. The possibility can be informed to the person himself / herself.

  The personal authentication device of the present invention can examine the health condition of the person by detecting various sounds included in the heart sound waveform. FIG. 6 shows a heart sound diagram 60 in which an abnormality relating to the function of the heart valve is observed. The heart sound includes a certain level of sound in the listening range, and features are expressed in strength and timing along with various valve operations. A normal heart sound includes a first sound 62 and a second sound 64. In contrast, an abnormal heart sound includes a third sound 66 and a fourth sound 68 in addition to these. The third sound is a sound generated because the ventricle is rapidly filled with blood, and the fourth sound is heard just before the first sound at the apex of the heart. The personal authentication device of the present invention detects an abnormal heart sound waveform during authentication, and if an abnormality occurs in the health status of the person, a terminal device capable of communicating with the personal authentication device issues a warning to the person. Is possible. Note that the first sound is the sound generated when the atrioventricular valve (mitral valve and tricuspid valve) closes at the beginning of the ventricular systole, and the second sound is the arterial valve (aortic valve immediately after the ventricular systole). And pulmonary valve).

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications, changes and combinations can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention. .

(A) It is a partial cross section top view of the pressure detection means used in order to implement | achieve the personal authentication method and apparatus concerning this invention. (B) It is sectional drawing which follows the FIG. 1A-A line of the pressure detection means shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of a pressure detection part and an output part. It is a block diagram which shows the basic structural example regarding the personal authentication apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining a wavelet transform. It is a flowchart regarding the personal authentication apparatus using wavelet transform using at least one of the heart sound waveform and the respiratory waveform in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart regarding the personal authentication apparatus using the motion sound waveform in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart regarding the personal authentication apparatus using the waveform pattern of 1 period normalized using at least one of the heart sound waveform and the respiratory waveform in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart regarding the personal authentication apparatus using fluctuation detection using at least one of the heart sound waveform and the respiratory waveform in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows a heart sound diagram and the time frequency graph of the said heart sound.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Person 3 Terminal device 5 Personal information data external storage part 20 Pressure detection part 200 Output part 21 Air pad 22 Foam urethane resin 23 Skin 230 Skin on the back 24 Piezoelectric sensor 25 Flexible pipe 26 Pressure detection circuit 27 Connection possible Navigating passage 28 waveform separation unit 29 hard plate material 30 personal authentication device 32 analysis unit 34 comparison unit 36 judgment output unit 38 personal information data storage unit 40 mother wavelet function 42 detected waveform 44 waveform to be analyzed 60 heart sound waveform 62 first sound 64 Sound II 66 Sound III 68 Sound IV

Claims (23)

A pressure detection step of detecting a waveform of a pressure fluctuation of the user's body by pressure detection means in contact with any part of the user's body;
An analysis step of analyzing a temporal characteristic included in the waveform and extracting a feature amount included in the waveform and capable of specifying a user;
A comparison step of comparing the feature quantity of the detected waveform with a pre-registered waveform feature quantity;
A permission step of permitting use by the user when it is determined that the difference between the detected feature quantity of the waveform and the pre-registered waveform feature quantity is equal to or less than a threshold value. Authentication method.   The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the analyzing step analyzes the waveform using time-frequency analysis.   2. The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein in the analysis step, the waveform is time-differentiated once or more, and the waveform is analyzed using time-frequency analysis.   The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the analyzing step uses the waveform as a waveform pattern of one cycle, and normalizes the waveform pattern with respect to at least one of an amplitude and a cycle.   The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the analysis step detects a fluctuation of at least one of an amplitude and a period in the waveform.   The waveform of the pressure fluctuation includes at least one of a user's heart sound waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration, and the pressure detecting step detects the pressure wave in contact with any part of the user's body. The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the means is a step of detecting at least one of a heart waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration by means.   When the terminal device determines that the difference between the detected feature amount of the waveform and the pre-registered waveform feature amount is equal to or less than a threshold value, the terminal device identifies the user. The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the information input is requested and further authentication is performed. The pressure detecting step further detects a user's movement sound,
The analysis step analyzes a time-dependent feature included in the motion sound waveform to extract a feature amount,
In the comparison step, the feature quantity of the detected motion sound waveform is compared with the feature quantity of the motion sound waveform registered in advance,
When the permission step determines that the difference between the detected feature value of the motion sound waveform and the feature value of the pre-registered motion sound waveform is equal to or less than a threshold value, the use by the user The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the personal authentication method is permitted.   When it is determined that the difference between the detected feature value of the motion sound waveform and the feature value of the pre-registered motion sound waveform is equal to or less than a threshold value, the terminal device The personal authentication method according to claim 8, further prompting for information input for identification and further performing authentication.   The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure detection step detects the pressure fluctuation continuously or a plurality of times.   The personal authentication method according to claim 1, wherein the terminal device can communicate with the pressure detection unit and can activate the pressure detection unit. A pressure detection unit configured to be able to contact any part of the user's body and detecting pressure fluctuations of the user's body;
An output unit that processes the signal of the pressure fluctuation from the pressure detection unit and outputs a waveform for use in subsequent processing;
An analysis unit that analyzes temporal characteristics included in the waveform and extracts a feature amount included in the waveform and capable of specifying a user;
A comparison unit that compares the feature quantity of the detected waveform with a feature quantity of a pre-registered waveform, and a difference between the feature quantity of the detected waveform and the feature quantity of the pre-registered waveform A personal authentication device that causes a terminal device that is communicable with the comparison unit to accept use by the user when it is determined that a certain threshold value or less.   The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein the analysis unit analyzes the waveform using time-frequency analysis.   The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein the analysis unit time-differentiates the waveform one or more times, and analyzes the waveform using time-frequency analysis.   The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein the analysis unit sets the waveform as a waveform pattern of one cycle, and normalizes the waveform pattern with respect to at least one of an amplitude and a cycle.   The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein the analysis unit detects a fluctuation of at least one of an amplitude and a period in the waveform.   The waveform of the pressure fluctuation includes at least one of a user's heart sound waveform and a pressure waveform due to respiration, and the pressure detection unit can detect the heart sound waveform and the pressure due to respiration from any part of the user's body. The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the waveform is detected by contact.   When the terminal device determines that the difference between the detected feature amount of the waveform and the pre-registered waveform feature amount is equal to or less than a threshold value, the terminal device identifies the user. The personal authentication device according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the information input is requested and further authentication is performed. The pressure detection unit further detects a user's movement sound,
The output unit further outputs the motion sound as a motion sound waveform,
The analysis unit analyzes features over time included in the motion sound waveform, and extracts feature amounts;
The comparison unit compares the detected feature value of the motion sound waveform with the feature value of the motion sound waveform registered in advance,
The use by the user is permitted when it is determined that the difference between the feature quantity of the detected motion sound waveform and the feature quantity of the pre-registered motion sound waveform is a certain threshold value or less. The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein   When it is determined that the difference between the detected feature value of the motion sound waveform and the feature value of the pre-registered motion sound waveform is equal to or less than a threshold value, the terminal device The personal authentication device according to claim 19, further requesting information input for identification and further performing authentication.   21. The personal authentication device according to claim 12, wherein the pressure detection unit detects the pressure fluctuation continuously or a plurality of times.   The personal authentication device according to any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein the terminal device can communicate with the pressure detection unit and can activate the pressure detection unit.   The electronic seal stamp, an electronic pen, a desk, a chair, a pad, a futon, a computer, a cellular phone, an electronic device, and a card holder, which are disposed on a body contact portion, according to any one of claims 12 to 22. Personal authentication device.

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