JP2006343132A - Weather radar system - Google Patents

Weather radar system Download PDF

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JP2006343132A
JP2006343132A JP2005166937A JP2005166937A JP2006343132A JP 2006343132 A JP2006343132 A JP 2006343132A JP 2005166937 A JP2005166937 A JP 2005166937A JP 2005166937 A JP2005166937 A JP 2005166937A JP 2006343132 A JP2006343132 A JP 2006343132A
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transmission signal
snow
transmission
rain
weather radar
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JP4528670B2 (en
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Hiroshi Kajio
浩史 梶尾
Toshio Nanba
敏男 難波
Masakazu Wada
将一 和田
Junichi Horigome
淳一 堀込
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To calculate accurate amounts of rainfall and snowfall, regardless of the characteristics change of a transmission system. <P>SOLUTION: When the amount of change of measurement results measured by a transmission signal measuring section 17 is out of tolerance, on the basis of various kinds of characteristics of a transmission signal which gives instructions to an IF transmission signal generating section 11, a radar constant is automatically corrected, on the basis of characteristics measurement results by a data analysis section 21, thereby improving the accuracy of weather radar equation, in matching with the characteristics change of the transmission signal and allowing accurate amounts of rainfall and snowfall to be calculated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、信号を送信し雨雪の粒によって反射されたエコーの受信信号から気象レーダ方程式を用いて雨雪量を算出する気象レーダ装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a weather radar apparatus that calculates a rain / snow amount using a weather radar equation from a received signal of an echo that is transmitted by a signal and reflected by a rain / snow grain.

周知のように、気象レーダ装置にあっては、パルス信号を繰り返し送信し、雨雪の粒によって反射されたエコーを受信して、送信特性に基づく気象レーダ方程式を用いて受信信号から雨雪量を算出する。   As is well known, in a weather radar device, a pulse signal is repeatedly transmitted, echoes reflected by rain and snow particles are received, and the amount of rain and snow is detected from the received signal using a weather radar equation based on transmission characteristics. Is calculated.

気象レーダ方程式には、レーダ装置固有の性能から決定されるレーダ定数と呼ばれるパラメータがあり、送信電力、パルス幅の空間長、空中線利得、空中線ビーム幅及び波長（周波数）で構成されている（非特許文献１参照）。   The meteorological radar equation has parameters called radar constants determined from the performance unique to the radar device, and is composed of transmission power, space width of pulse width, antenna gain, antenna beam width, and wavelength (frequency) (non-frequency). Patent Document 1).

ところで、気象レーダ装置では、送信系の経年劣化や故障により送信電力やパルス長等の特性が変化した場合に、雨雪量の算出に影響を及ぼす。しかしながら、従来の気象レーダ装置では、送信系の特性が常に理想の状態にある（メンテナンスが十分に行き届いている）としてレーダ定数を固定値としている。このため、送信の特性が変化した場合には、正確な雨雪量の算出ができないという問題があった。
吉田 孝著「改訂 レーダ技術」、発行：社団法人 電子情報通信学会、株式会社コロナ社 By the way, in the meteorological radar apparatus, when characteristics such as transmission power and pulse length change due to aging deterioration or failure of the transmission system, the calculation of the amount of rain and snow is affected. However, in the conventional weather radar apparatus, the radar constant is set to a fixed value on the assumption that the characteristics of the transmission system are always in an ideal state (maintenance is sufficiently maintained). For this reason, there has been a problem that when the transmission characteristics change, the amount of rain and snow cannot be calculated accurately.
Published by Takashi Yoshida, “Revised Radar Technology”, published by The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Corona Inc.

以上述べたように、従来の気象レーダ装置では、送信電力やパルス長が変化すると、レーダ定数が固定値であるため、正確な雨雪量の算出ができないという問題があった。   As described above, the conventional weather radar apparatus has a problem that when the transmission power or the pulse length is changed, the radar constant is a fixed value, so that the amount of rain and snow cannot be calculated accurately.

本発明は、上記の問題を解決するためになされたもので、送信系の特性変化によらず、正確な雨雪量を算出することのできる気象レーダ装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a weather radar apparatus capable of calculating an accurate amount of rain and snow regardless of a change in characteristics of a transmission system.

上記の目的を達成するために本発明は、送信信号が雨雪の粒によって反射されたエコーを受信し、送信特性に基づく気象レーダ方程式を用いて受信信号から雨雪量を算出する気象レーダ装置において、前記送信信号の送信系を介して送出される送信信号を分配する分配手段と、前記分配手段で分配された送信信号の特性を計測する計測手段と、前記受信信号から前記気象レーダ方程式に基づいて雨雪量を算出する雨雪量算出手段と、前記計測手段の計測結果から送信信号の特性変化を判別し、前記雨雪量算出手段に対して前記気象レーダ方程式に与えるレーダ定数を補正する補正手段とを具備することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a weather radar apparatus that receives an echo whose transmission signal is reflected by rain and snow particles and calculates the amount of rain and snow from the received signal using a weather radar equation based on transmission characteristics. The distribution means for distributing the transmission signal transmitted via the transmission system of the transmission signal, the measurement means for measuring the characteristics of the transmission signal distributed by the distribution means, and the meteorological radar equation from the received signal A rain / snow amount calculating means for calculating a rain / snow amount based on the measurement result of the measurement means, determining a characteristic change of a transmission signal, and correcting a radar constant given to the weather radar equation for the rain / snow amount calculating means And a correcting means.

すなわち、上記構成による気象レーダ装置では、送出される送信信号の特性を計測して特性変化が認められた場合に、雨雪量算出に用いる気象レーダ方程式のレーダ定数を自動的に補正するようにしている。   In other words, the weather radar apparatus having the above configuration automatically corrects the radar constant of the weather radar equation used for calculating the amount of rain and snow when the characteristic of the transmitted signal is measured and a change in the characteristic is recognized. ing.

以上述べたように、本発明に係る気象レーダ装置は、送信系の特性変化に合わせてレーダ定数を補正するようにしている。したがって、本発明によれば、送信系の特性変化によらず、正確な雨雪量を算出することのできる気象レーダ装置を提供することができる。   As described above, the weather radar apparatus according to the present invention corrects the radar constant in accordance with the change in the characteristics of the transmission system. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a weather radar apparatus that can calculate an accurate amount of rain and snow regardless of a change in characteristics of the transmission system.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明に係る気象レーダ装置の一実施形態を示す機能ブロック図である。図１において、ＩＦ送信信号発生部１１は、システム・タイミング制御部１０からの指示に従って中間周波数帯（ＩＦ帯）の送信信号を発生する。このＩＦ送信信号は周波数変換部１２で無線周波数帯（ＲＦ帯）にアップコンバートされ、さらに電力増幅部１３で電力増幅される。このようにして生成されたＲＦ送信信号は、送受切替器（サーキュレータ）１４、方向性結合器１５を介して空中線１６に送られ、当該空中線１６によって所定の空間に向けて送出される。   FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of a weather radar apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, an IF transmission signal generator 11 generates a transmission signal in an intermediate frequency band (IF band) in accordance with an instruction from the system timing controller 10. This IF transmission signal is up-converted to a radio frequency band (RF band) by the frequency converter 12 and further amplified by the power amplifier 13. The RF transmission signal generated in this way is sent to the antenna 16 via the transmission / reception switch (circulator) 14 and the directional coupler 15, and is sent out toward a predetermined space by the antenna 16.

ここで、上記方向性結合器１５は、送受切替器１４からの送信信号を送信信号計測部１７に分配供給するもので、送信信号計測部１７は、入力された送信信号の送信電力、波長（周波数）及びパルス長を計測する。また、空中線１６の送受信指向方向（方位角及び仰角）は空中線駆動部１８によって駆動制御されるようになされており、システム・タイミング制御部１０は、予め決められた運用内容に従い、空中線駆動部１８を通じて空中線１６の送受信指向方向を駆動制御する。   Here, the directional coupler 15 distributes and supplies the transmission signal from the transmission / reception switch 14 to the transmission signal measuring unit 17, and the transmission signal measuring unit 17 transmits the transmission power, wavelength ( Frequency) and pulse length. Further, the transmission / reception directivity direction (azimuth angle and elevation angle) of the antenna 16 is driven and controlled by the antenna driver 18, and the system timing controller 10 performs the antenna driver 18 according to a predetermined operation content. The transmission / reception directivity direction of the antenna 16 is driven and controlled.

上記空中線１６から送出されたＲＦ送信信号は空中の雨雪の粒で反射され、エコーとして空中線１６で捕捉される。空中線１６で受けたエコーの受信信号は方向性結合器１５及び送受切替器１４を介して受信部１９に供給される。この受信部１９は、受信信号を低雑音増幅してＩＦ帯に周波数変換し、システム・タイミング制御部１０からの指示に基づいて変調成分を復調検波するもので、その出力は信号処理部２０に供給される。   The RF transmission signal transmitted from the aerial line 16 is reflected by rain and snow particles in the air, and is captured by the aerial line 16 as an echo. An echo reception signal received by the antenna 16 is supplied to the reception unit 19 via the directional coupler 15 and the transmission / reception switch 14. The receiving unit 19 amplifies the received signal with low noise and frequency-converts it to an IF band, and demodulates and detects a modulation component based on an instruction from the system timing control unit 10, and its output is sent to the signal processing unit 20. Supplied.

上記信号処理部２０は、受信部１９で復調検波された信号について各種信号処理（ＦＦＴ処理、周波数スペクトル積算処理、速度算出処理等）を行うもので、その処理結果はデータ解析部２１に送られる。このデータ解析部２１は、システム・タイミング制御部１０からの指示に従い、入力信号について気象レーダ方程式の解析手法を施すことによって雨雪量情報、風速情報等を求める。このとき、データ解析部２１では、上記送信信号計測部１７から送信信号の計測結果を取得し、この計測結果に基づいて気象レーダ方程式で使用されるレーダ定数を最適値に補正する。   The signal processing unit 20 performs various signal processing (FFT processing, frequency spectrum integration processing, speed calculation processing, etc.) on the signal demodulated and detected by the reception unit 19, and the processing result is sent to the data analysis unit 21. . The data analysis unit 21 obtains rain / snow amount information, wind speed information, and the like by applying a meteorological radar equation analysis method to the input signal in accordance with an instruction from the system timing control unit 10. At this time, the data analysis unit 21 acquires the measurement result of the transmission signal from the transmission signal measurement unit 17, and corrects the radar constant used in the weather radar equation to the optimum value based on the measurement result.

すなわち、上記構成による気象レーダ装置では、送信信号を送信信号計測部１７に分配供給し、レーダ定数に関係する送信信号の送信電力、波長（周波数）及びパルス長を計測して、その計測結果に基づいてデータ解析部２１で使用する気象レーダ方程式のレーダ定数を補正する。   That is, in the meteorological radar apparatus having the above configuration, the transmission signal is distributed and supplied to the transmission signal measurement unit 17, the transmission power, wavelength (frequency) and pulse length of the transmission signal related to the radar constant are measured, and the measurement result is obtained. Based on this, the radar constant of the weather radar equation used in the data analysis unit 21 is corrected.

上記非特許文献１に記載される気象レーダ方程式（（１）式）とレーダ定数（（２）式）を以下に示す。   The weather radar equation (equation (1)) and radar constant (equation (2)) described in Non-Patent Document 1 are shown below.

Figure 2006343132
Figure 2006343132

Figure 2006343132
Figure 2006343132

上記補正処理を実現するために、システム・タイミング制御部１０は、図２に示す手順で送信信号計測部１７、データ解析部２１を制御する。   In order to realize the correction processing, the system timing control unit 10 controls the transmission signal measurement unit 17 and the data analysis unit 21 in the procedure shown in FIG.

図２において、まず、ＩＦ送信信号発生部１１に対して指示する送信信号の各種特性を保持しておく（ステップＳ１）。続いて、送信信号の送信期間情報を送信信号計測部１７に送り、その期間の計測を実行させる（ステップＳ２）。送信信号計測部１７の計測終了を待機し（ステップＳ３）、結果を受けた場合には、ステップＳ１で保持した各種特性に基づいてそれぞれの変化量が許容範囲か否かを判断し（ステップＳ４）、許容範囲を外れる場合には、データ解析部２１に計測結果を取り込ませ、レーダ定数補正を指示する（ステップＳ５）。これにより、データ解析部２１は、自動的に送信信号の計測結果を受け取ってレーダ定数を補正することが可能となり、送信信号の特性が変化したとしても、正確な雨雪量を算出することが可能となる。   In FIG. 2, first, various characteristics of the transmission signal instructed to the IF transmission signal generator 11 are held (step S1). Subsequently, the transmission period information of the transmission signal is sent to the transmission signal measuring unit 17, and the measurement of the period is executed (step S2). When the transmission signal measuring unit 17 waits for the end of measurement (step S3) and receives the result, it is determined whether or not each change amount is within an allowable range based on the various characteristics held in step S1 (step S4). ), If it is outside the allowable range, the data analysis unit 21 is made to capture the measurement result and instructs the radar constant correction (step S5). As a result, the data analysis unit 21 can automatically receive the measurement result of the transmission signal and correct the radar constant, and can calculate an accurate amount of rain and snow even if the characteristic of the transmission signal changes. It becomes possible.

したがって、上記構成による気象レーダ装置は、送信信号の特性変化に合わせてレーダ定数を補正するようにしているので、送信信号の特性が変化しても、正確な雨雪量を算出することができる。   Therefore, the weather radar apparatus having the above configuration corrects the radar constant in accordance with the change in the characteristics of the transmission signal, so that it can calculate an accurate amount of rain and snow even if the characteristics of the transmission signal change. .

尚、本発明は上記した実施の形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を種々変形して具体化することができる。また、上記した実施の形態に開示されている複数の構成要素を適宜に組み合わせることにより、種々の発明を形成することができる。例えば、実施の形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除しても良いものである。さらに、異なる実施の形態に係る構成要素を適宜組み合わせても良いものである。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as they are, and can be embodied by variously modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the above-described embodiments. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements according to different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

本発明に係る気象レーダ装置の一実施形態の構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the weather radar apparatus which concerns on this invention. 同実施形態の気象レーダ装置のレーダ定数補正手順を説明するためのフローチャート。The flowchart for demonstrating the radar constant correction | amendment procedure of the weather radar apparatus of the embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…システム・タイミング制御部、１１…ＩＦ送信信号発生部、１２…周波数変換部、１３…電力増幅部、１４…送受切替器（サーキュレータ）、１５…方向性結合器、１６…空中線、１７…送信信号計測部、１８…空中線駆動部、１９…受信部、２０…信号処理部、２１…データ解析部。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... System timing control part, 11 ... IF transmission signal generation part, 12 ... Frequency conversion part, 13 ... Power amplification part, 14 ... Transmission / reception switch (circulator), 15 ... Directional coupler, 16 ... Antenna, 17 ... Transmission signal measurement unit, 18 ... antenna drive unit, 19 ... reception unit, 20 ... signal processing unit, 21 ... data analysis unit.

Claims (2)

送信信号が雨雪の粒によって反射されたエコーを受信し、送信特性に基づく気象レーダ方程式を用いて受信信号から雨雪量を算出する気象レーダ装置において、
前記送信信号の送信系を介して送出される送信信号を分配する分配手段と、
前記分配手段で分配された送信信号の特性を計測する計測手段と、
前記受信信号から前記気象レーダ方程式に基づいて雨雪量を算出する雨雪量算出手段と、
前記計測手段の計測結果から送信信号の特性変化を判別し、前記雨雪量算出手段に対して前記気象レーダ方程式に与えるレーダ定数を補正する補正手段と
を具備することを特徴とする気象レーダ装置。 In the meteorological radar device that receives the echo reflected by the rain and snow particles and calculates the amount of rain and snow from the received signal using the meteorological radar equation based on the transmission characteristics,
Distribution means for distributing a transmission signal transmitted via a transmission system of the transmission signal;
Measuring means for measuring the characteristics of the transmission signal distributed by the distributing means;
A rain / snow amount calculating means for calculating a snow / snow amount from the received signal based on the weather radar equation;
A weather radar apparatus comprising: correction means for determining a characteristic change of a transmission signal from a measurement result of the measurement means and correcting a radar constant given to the weather radar equation for the rain / snow amount calculation means. . 前記補正手段は、前記計測手段で計測された送信信号の特性を前記送信信号の生成時に指定した特性と比較して、計測結果の変化量が許容範囲にあるか判断し、許容範囲を超えるとき、前記前記気象レーダ方程式に与えるレーダ定数を補正することを特徴とする請求項１記載の気象レーダ装置。   The correction means compares the characteristics of the transmission signal measured by the measurement means with the characteristics specified at the time of generation of the transmission signal, determines whether the amount of change in the measurement result is within an allowable range, and exceeds the allowable range The weather radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a radar constant given to the weather radar equation is corrected.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109444836A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-08 中国人民解放军63891部队 Radar simulation model bearing calibration based on measured data

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JP2000087433A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-28 Toshiba Corp Operation control system for rainwater storage facility
JP2004361314A (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-24 Toshiba Corp System and method for calibrating observed data of amount of rainfall, and program used for system
JP2005017266A (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-01-20 Toshiba Corp Method and device for radar pluviometry
JP2005134266A (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Hitachi Ltd Radar system with correcting function

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JPS62261231A (en) * 1986-05-08 1987-11-13 Nec Corp Transmission power controller
JPH1068770A (en) * 1996-08-27 1998-03-10 Nec Corp Active phased array radar device
JPH1114752A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Laser radar device
JP2000087433A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-28 Toshiba Corp Operation control system for rainwater storage facility
JP2005017266A (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-01-20 Toshiba Corp Method and device for radar pluviometry
JP2004361314A (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-24 Toshiba Corp System and method for calibrating observed data of amount of rainfall, and program used for system
JP2005134266A (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Hitachi Ltd Radar system with correcting function

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109444836A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-03-08 中国人民解放军63891部队 Radar simulation model bearing calibration based on measured data
CN109444836B (en) * 2018-12-28 2023-02-28 中国人民解放军63891部队 Radar simulation model correction method based on measured data

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