JP2006337105A - Current recording element - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new current measuring apparatus to be used for detecting a current leakage path, analyzing a current for an extremely short period of time in a medium containing metallic particulates, and sensing and analyzing an electromagnetic wave by utilizing the behavior of the metallic particulates covered with oxide films. <P>SOLUTION: If metallic particles whose surfaces are covered with oxides are suspended in a liquid which has electrical insulating properties and slightly conducts electricity, its electrical resistance shows a property of a semiconductor when measured. When the metallic particles in this state are put into a state that a current exists by electromagnetic induction, or through electrodes put in the liquid layer wherein the metallic particles are suspended, The positions of the metallic particles changes from their thermal stabilization positions, and their distribution changes. If the liquid is evaporated while the displacement relaxation is insufficient, the locus of current passage can be obtained, and detection of the current leakage path, analysis of a current in a medium containing suspended particles, and sensing and analysis of the electromagnetic wave can be performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a thin film laminate composed of metal particles and metal fine particles, and an apparatus used for detection of a current leakage path of an electric device, analysis of current in a fine particle medium, analysis of electromagnetic waves, and sensing.

The following means are known for current detection.
In the event of lightning strikes on equipment such as power transmission lines and supporting towers, current detection displays attached to predetermined places such as tower legs so that the point can be quickly and reliably discovered and managed and inspected. There is a device. When lightning surge current flows, this is detected and inspected as visual information by causing the display object such as display cloth stored inside to be exposed or projected from the device housing. It is a device that informs people. Although this device performs the exposure display operation of the display object when a lightning surge current is detected, the display object will be exposed as it is exposed. Cannot be detected, that is, it is impossible to detect or measure a continuous lightning surge current. In the current detection display device, in order to control the operation of the display change unit, the device includes at least a solenoid that operates during current detection, a motor that drives the display change unit, and a switch that operates each component in cooperation with each other. Provided and provided with a display changing unit that visually changes the display whenever an outflow current is detected (Patent Document 1). However, the above-mentioned display device cannot be used for weak electric energy and is not satisfactory in terms of its accuracy. For these reasons, it has been desired to develop a measuring apparatus that has sufficient accuracy for weak electric energy.

By the way, a method using an electric current for ion detection has been developed.
Suppressed ion chromatography (SIC) detects suppressor and analyte ions in ion chromatography, which typically uses two ion exchange columns in series, followed by a flow-through conductivity detector to detect sample ions. There is known an integrated suppressor and detector in which at least a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode are installed in a suppressor for applying an electric current to detect ions (Patent Document 2). In recent years, in the field of ion chromatography, a step of introducing at least two types of analyte ions into an ion exchange column, and a step of separating and eluting the analyte ions by flowing an eluent through the ion exchange column. And introducing the eluate into an electrical conductivity detector in which a stationary phase having a surface charge opposite to that of the analyte ions is interposed between at least two electrodes arranged opposite to each other. A method for detecting analyte ions by ion chromatography including a step of measuring a current between the two electrodes is known (Patent Document 3).

Against this background, the development of a new measurement device for weak current was considered with the aim of detecting current using the behavior of substances.
JP 2003-47144 A JP-T-2002-513912 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-9878

  An object of the present invention is to detect a current leakage path using a behavior of a substance, to analyze a current in a particulate medium, to analyze a new weak current used for electromagnetic wave analysis and sensing, a trajectory through which a current has passed, and to detect a current leakage path. Device, electromagnetic wave detection and analysis device.

  In the present invention, the metal particles and the metal fine particles have characteristics as an insulator when the surfaces thereof are covered with the metal oxide and are in a dry state. When suspended in a liquid that is electrically insulating or slightly conducting electricity, and measuring its electrical resistance, it is found that it shows the properties of a semiconductor. When a solid-liquid layer is attached to the surface of the substrate and placed in a state where an electric current exists through a thin film layer obtained by partially removing the liquid, the trajectory through which the current has passed can be traced. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is possible to detect a current leakage path, analyze a current in a particulate medium, analyze an electromagnetic wave, and sense, and measure a novel weak current. Partially removing the liquid does not completely remove the liquid but partially removes the particles so that the particles are in contact with the oxide film, in other words, The particles mean a state in which the liquid remains to the extent that the oxide film is in contact.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a novel weak current measuring device that uses current leakage path detection, analysis of current in a medium of fine particles, analysis of electromagnetic waves, and sensing, which is not seen in the prior art.

When the surface of the metal particle or metal fine particle is covered with the metal oxide and is in a dry state, the metal particle or the metal fine particle exhibits characteristics as an insulator. Then, when such an electrical resistance is measured in a state where such metal particles or fine particles are suspended in a liquid that is electrically insulating or slightly conducting electricity, the properties of the semiconductor are shown. The resistivity as a semiconductor is 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ [Ω · cm]. A current exists in the thin film layer obtained by attaching a solid-liquid layer of metal particles or metal fine particles in this state to the surface of the substrate and partially removing the liquid, with or without an electrode. When placed in a state or in a state where current is present due to electromagnetic induction, the metal particle position distribution is displaced from the thermally stable position. If the liquid is evaporated within a time when the displacement relaxation is insufficient, the trajectory through which the current has passed can be traced. Specifically, it is possible to detect a current leakage path, analyze a current in a fine particle medium, analyze an electromagnetic wave, and perform sensing.
The resistivity seen in this phenomenon varies with the liquid and with the load voltage.

Examples of the metal in this case include zinc, aluminum, tin, titanium, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, and iridium. Zinc and titanium oxide mixtures and zinc and zinc oxide mixtures can also be used.
These metal particles and metal fine particles can be produced by metal pulverization or gas phase synthesis. The size of these metal particles has a distribution within a certain range, and a size in the range of about 1 μm to 500 μm is selected. These are used by appropriately specifying the range. Good results are obtained when the thickness is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm.
In the case of fine particles, those of 10 nm to 1000 nm are used.
In order to be covered with oxide, after manufacturing in vacuum or in an inert gas, normal, clean, dry oxygen is fed to form an oxide film on the surface of the metal or metal fine particles. Further, after forming the metal particles, the oxide film can be formed by taking it out into the atmosphere.
After that, it is stored in a state where the humidity is kept low.

The liquid is an electrically insulating or slightly conducting liquid. In this liquid, it is necessary to suspend metal particles or metal fine particles in the liquid, and it is necessary to form a uniform suspension, and a solid-liquid layer composed of the suspension is formed on the surface of the substrate. It is required that the liquid adheres to and partially removes this liquid. From this,
An organic solvent is used. Specifically, it is a liquid having a resistivity of 10 [MΩ · cm] or more.
Specific examples of the organic solvent include alcohol, ether, ester and the like.
Examples of the alcohol include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n- or i-propanol, n- or i-butanol, n- or i-pentanol, n- or i-hexanol, cyclohexanol and the like.
Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like.
Examples of the ester include ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate.
An amine, an alkylamine or an arylamine can be added to these solvents. When this substance is added, particles and traces can be easily adapted to the liquid. Examples of alkylamines include methylamine and ethylamine. Moreover, when using the said alcohol and ether, it may contain water.

  The ratio of the particles or fine particles to the liquid can be appropriately determined as long as the particles or fine particles can maintain a suspended state. In order to maintain a suspended state, it is achieved by sufficiently stirring particles or fine particles added in an organic solvent.

The suspension obtained as described above is applied to the surface of a smooth substrate, and the organic solvent is evaporated to form a film. It adheres to the surface of the substrate in a liquid state by brushing, attritor, spin coating or dipping. The thickness of the layer is about 1 mm to 2 mm when the organic solvent is evaporated by evaporation.
It is desirable to have a wet state in which a small amount of organic solvent remains in the layer.
As the substrate, a polymer compound film or plate, plate glass, plate ceramic, or the like is used. Any polymer compound film can be used as long as it does not dissolve in a solvent. Specific examples of the polymer film or plate used for the substrate include the following resins: high-density polyethylene resin, polysulfone resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylate resin, polyamide resin , Polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, and the like.
As the glass, soft glass containing soda lime, potash glass added with a potassium component, high quality secondary, tungsten glass, hard primary, quartz glass and the like can be used.
As the ceramic, alumina, carbon, silicon carbide, or the like can be used.
The thickness of the substrate can be determined as appropriate.
The above shape is the case of A in FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes a thin film of metal particles or metal fine particles. Reference numeral 3 denotes a substrate (hereinafter referred to as a two-layer type).

By laminating a thin film for liquid holding on the surface of the two-layer thin film, a thick film composed of two thin films can be formed on the substrate. Specifically, a liquid holding layer is formed on the surface of the two-layer type in the same procedure (hereinafter referred to as a three-layer type).
The three-layer type is a thickened two-layer thin film, and the two-layer thin film can be formed as a thick film.
As shown in the figure, this is the case of B in FIG. 1 is a thin film, and 2 is a thin film that enables liquid retention.

When a thin film electrode is provided, when forming the two-layered thin film on which the suspension is deposited on the substrate, the electrode is installed by embedding the electrode in the thin film and evaporating the solvent.
The electrode is made of a conductive non-corrosive material such as nickel, carbon, platinum, titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, or copper. This is attached as a linear object.
FIG. 2 shows an electrode attached. 1 is a metal thin film, 3 is a substrate, and 4 is an electrode.
When the liquid remains in the thin film layer slightly, that is, when the liquid is not completely blown, and a voltage is applied between the two electrodes, a discharge occurs in the thin film layer and the state after the discharge is recorded. The In this case, the voltage load time is made as short as possible. A momentary discharge in the liquid is recorded. Thereafter, the remaining liquid of the thin film layer is evaporated. In this state, the film surface of the discharge trace is observed with a magnifying glass (magnification × 20 to 80) or with a stereomicroscope.
When the film is thick, a three-dimensional discharge trace can be recorded. In this case, the three-dimensional structure is analyzed using (geo) tomography and neural network techniques.
FIG. 3 shows a case where detection and discharge electrodes are provided.
1 is a metal particle or metal fine particle thin film, 3 is a substrate, 4 is a discharge electrode, and 5 is a detection electrode.

Zinc particles (average particle size 7 μ) 1 [g] were added in isopropyl alcohol 2 [mL], and adhered to a soda glass plate over an area of 10 [cm ² ]. Nickel wire was used for the electrode.
The distance between the electrodes was 1-5 [mm]. The load voltage was 0.5-1 [kV]. Isopropyl alcohol was evaporated to some extent. The thickness of the thin film layer was about 0.25 [mm]. The trace of current passing was recorded and the remaining liquid in the thin film layer was evaporated. In this state, the film surface of the discharge trace was observed with a magnifying glass (magnification × 20 to 80).

A is a diagram showing a two-layered state B is a diagram showing a three-layered state Figure with two-layer electrodes installed Diagram of a two-layer type with a discharge electrode and a detection electrode installed

Explanation of symbols

1 thin film layer of metal particles or metal fine particles 2 thin film layer enabling liquid retention 3 substrate 4 discharge electrode 5 detection electrode

Claims (11)

It consists of a thin film layer obtained by attaching a solid-liquid layer obtained by suspending metal particles or metal fine particles in a liquid that is electrically insulating or slightly conducting electricity to the surface of the substrate and partially removing the liquid. A laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate. 2. The laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal particles or the metal fine particles are covered with an oxide film. 2. The laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the electrical insulating or slightly conducting liquid has a resistivity of 10 [MΩ · cm] or more. 2. The thin film and substrate according to claim 1, wherein the thin film layer obtained by partially removing the liquid has a liquid between the particles, but the particles are in contact with an oxide film. A laminate comprising: The laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the thin film layer is a thick film. A thin film layer obtained by placing an electrode on a substrate and partially removing the liquid before attaching a solid-liquid layer obtained by suspending metal particles or metal fine particles in a liquid that is electrically insulating or slightly conducting electricity. 6. A laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to claim 1, wherein an electrode is provided on the substrate. 7. A laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to claim 6, wherein the electrode provided with an electrode on the thin film layer is an electrode for discharging into the thin film layer. 7. The thin film and substrate according to claim 6, wherein the electrode provided with an electrode in the thin film layer is provided with an electrode for conducting current in the thin film layer, and a discharge electrode and a detection electrode are separately provided. Laminated body. An apparatus for detecting the presence of a current, a trajectory through which the current has passed, and a current leakage path, characterized by comprising a laminate comprising the thin film and the substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6. An apparatus for analyzing an electric current in a fine particle medium, comprising a laminate comprising the thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a substrate. An electromagnetic wave detection and analysis device comprising a laminate comprising a thin film and a substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images