JP2006331064A - Motion blur image generation device and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that since a conventional motion blur method is provided to plot a plurality of frames for the purpose of obtaining one display frame, and to carry out their composition processing, calculation quantity is extremely large, and expensive hardware is required for performing plotting in a real time. <P>SOLUTION: Not only polygon data included in a current plotting object but also polygon data included in the past plotting object to be used as an after-image are inputted to a graphic engine, and the polygon data of the current plotting object are compared with the polygon data of the after-image, and as for the polygon of the after-image, whether or not the light source calculation result of the polygon of the plotting object or the polygon of another after-image is reusable is decided, and when it is decided that the light source calculation result is reusable, the light source calculation is omitted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to computer graphics technology, and relates to an image generation apparatus and an image generation method for generating a three-dimensional computer graphics image.

  In a three-dimensional computer graphics animation, if the frame rate is low, the movement of the object may become discontinuous. As a technique for smoothly showing the movement of such an object, an image generation method called motion blur described in Non-Patent Document 1 below is known. The motion blur method is an image generation method that shows realistic animation by artificially creating an afterimage of an object to express blur.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional motion blur image generation method. In order to generate the motion blur image, in addition to the frame 601 in which the current (time t) drawing object is drawn, frames 602 and 603 in which the past (time t−1, t−2) drawing objects are drawn are generated. The frames 601 to 603 are translucently combined to generate a frame 604 with a motion blur effect. By displaying the frame 604 using an image display device, a realistic animation can be shown.
Clear 3D Computer Graphics (First Edition) by Shinji Araya Kyoritsu Publishing (page 158)

  However, in the above motion blur image generation method, in order to generate one display frame, a frame in which a current drawing object is drawn and a frame in which a past drawing object for representing an afterimage is drawn are created. Since it is necessary to perform synthesis processing, the calculation amount is very large, and expensive hardware is required to perform drawing in real time.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following measures. That is, means for simultaneously drawing a polygon included in the current drawing object and a corresponding polygon of the past drawing object used as an afterimage, and the past drawing object used as the polygon included in the current drawing object and the afterimage Means for comparing the drawing data of the corresponding polygons and determining whether the light source calculation result of the polygon of the current drawing object or the polygon of another afterimage for the afterimage polygon can be reused.

  According to the present invention, a frame with a motion blur effect can be obtained without simultaneously generating a frame by simultaneously rendering the polygon data corresponding to the current drawing object and the past drawing object. When drawing simultaneously, compare polygon data of current and past drawing objects, determine whether the light source calculation results can be reused between both polygons, and omit light source calculation if reusable By doing so, the amount of calculation for image generation can be greatly reduced. For this reason, it is possible to generate a motion blur image even on inexpensive hardware with few calculation resources for processing.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an image generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The image generation apparatus according to the present embodiment is realized as an integrated circuit and includes a CPU 102, a graphics engine 103, a memory controller 104, a display controller 105, a CPU bus 106, a memory bus 107, and a memory 108 included in the LSI 101. . In the LSI 101, the instruction of the CPU 102 is transmitted to the graphics engine 103 via the CPU bus 106, and the graphics engine 103 performs image generation processing, and the result is stored in the memory 108 via the memory bus 107 and the memory controller 104. The processing result stored in the memory 108 is output to the display 109 via the display controller 105. Note that each functional block such as the CPU 102 and the graphics engine 103 of the LSI 101 of FIG. 1 described in the present embodiment is typically realized as an LSI that is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them. Further, the LSI 101 may include other functional blocks such as an AV engine and a streaming engine. Further, a plurality of memories 108 may be mounted regardless of inside or outside of the LSI 101.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the graphics engine 103 according to the present embodiment. The graphics engine 103 includes a host interface 201, a control unit 202, a vertex coordinate calculation unit 203, a light source processing determination unit 204, a light source processing unit 205, a transparency setting unit 206, a setup processing unit 207, a pixel processing unit 208, and a memory interface 209. Composed. The processing of the graphics engine 103 receives an instruction from the CPU 102 via the host interface 201, loads data in the memory 108 via the memory interface 209, and performs image generation processing under the control of the control unit 202.

  The motion blur image generation processing performed by the graphics engine 103 is performed according to the processing flow of FIG.

  In the motion blur image generation processing in this embodiment, the control unit 202 controls polygon data input, the vertex coordinate calculation unit 203 performs input polygon coordinate conversion processing, and the light source processing determination unit 204 performs drawing object polygon or It is determined whether or not the light source calculation result of the afterimage polygon is reused, the light source processing unit 205 performs the polygon light source processing according to the determination of the light source processing determination unit 204, and the transparency setting unit 206 sets the transparency of the afterimage polygon. The setup processing unit 207 performs polygon setup processing, the pixel processing unit 208 performs pixel-by-pixel drawing processing, and stores the generated image in the memory 108 via the memory interface 209. The configuration of the graphics engine 103 is not limited to that described in this embodiment. For example, some processes of the vertex coordinate calculation unit 203, the light source processing determination unit 204, the light source processing unit 205, the transparency setting unit 206, the setup processing unit 207, and the pixel processing unit 208 may be realized by the CPU 102 or the like. .

  In this embodiment, the integrated circuit that realizes the image generation apparatus is an LSI. However, depending on the degree of integration, the integrated circuit may be referred to as an IC, a system LSI, a super LSI, or an ultra LSI. Further, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and implementation with a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor is also possible. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after manufacturing the LSI, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used. Further, if integrated circuit technology comes out to replace LSI's as a result of the advancement of semiconductor technology or a derivative other technology, it is naturally also possible to carry out function block integration using this technology. Biotechnology can be applied. The above is the description of the configuration of the image generation device according to this embodiment.

  Details of the motion blur image generation processing flow of FIG. 3 performed by the graphics engine of FIG. 2 will be described below. Here, a motion blur image generation process for adding two afterimages 402 and 403 to the current drawing object 401 as shown in FIG. 4 will be described.

  First, when drawing the polygon 404 of the drawing object 401, the control unit 202 inputs not only the polygon data of the polygon 404 but also the polygon data of the polygons 405 and 406 of the afterimages 402 and 403 corresponding thereto.

  In the vertex coordinate calculation unit 203, when the input drawing object polygon 404 and corresponding afterimage polygons 405 and 406 are projected onto the screen from the coordinates of each polygon vertex with the viewpoint as the origin (viewpoint coordinate system) and the screen. The coordinate system (screen coordinate system) is calculated. The vertex coordinate calculation can be performed by a general means used in three-dimensional graphics processing.

  The light source processing determination unit 204 compares the polygon data of the input drawing object polygon 404 and the corresponding afterimage polygons 405 and 406, and determines whether or not the light source calculation result can be reused between the polygons 404, 405, and 406. Judgment is made. Since the drawing object and its afterimage are originally the same object, the light source characteristics such as light reflectance are the same except when a special effect is given, and the difference between the position coordinates and the normal vector is the result of the light source calculation. In this embodiment, the position coordinates of the polygon and the normal vector of the polygon are used for the determination. The light source processing determination in the present embodiment is performed according to the flow shown in FIG. First, the absolute value d01 of the difference 407 between the position coordinates and the absolute value n01 of the difference between the normal vectors 409 and 410 for the polygon 404 and the afterimage polygon 405 of the drawing object are obtained. Here, the threshold values dth and nth are considered for the absolute value of each difference. For the afterimage polygon 405, if d01 <dth and n01 <nth, the light source calculation result of the polygon 404 of the drawing object is copied and used. Otherwise, it is determined that the light source calculation process is independently performed for the polygon 405. Similarly, for the afterimage polygon 406, the absolute value d12 of the position coordinate difference 408 with respect to the afterimage polygon 405 and the difference n12 of the normal vectors 410 and 411 are respectively obtained, and if d12 <dth and n12 <nth, the afterimage polygon 405 If the light source calculation result is copied and used, otherwise, it is determined that the light source calculation process is performed independently for the polygon 406. In this embodiment, the difference between the position coordinates of the polygon and the light source vector is used for the light source processing determination, but the application range in the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the light reflectance of the drawing object, the area occupied by the drawing object on the screen, the distance from the viewpoint of the drawing object, the degree of attention of the drawing object, and the like may be used for the determination. In this embodiment, light source processing determination is performed for each polygon, but light source processing determination may be performed for each vertex of the polygon.

  The light source processing unit 205 performs light source processing of the polygon 404 of the drawing object and the polygons 405 and 406 of the afterimage according to the determination of the light source processing determination unit 204. For the polygon 404 of the drawing object, the light source calculation result is obtained by the following calculation formula.

  Here, (Equation 3) is a general light source calculation formula consisting of (Equation 1) for obtaining ambient light and (Equation 2) for obtaining local illumination. For afterimage polygons 405 and 406, either of (1) copy the light source calculation results of polygons 404 and 405 according to the determination result of light source processing determination unit 204, or (2) perform the light source calculation process independently. I do. Note that the light source calculation formulas shown in this embodiment are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to this, and other light source calculation formulas may be used. Regardless of the determination result of the light source processing determination unit 204, a part of the light source calculation result may be shared and reused. For example, (Equation 1), which is a part of the light source calculation formula, is a calculation formula that does not depend on the position coordinates and normal vectors used for the light source processing determination in the present embodiment, so the portion of (Equation 1). Can be reused regardless of the determination result.

  The transparency setting unit 206 sets the transparency for mixing the drawing object polygon 404 and the afterimage polygons 405 and 406. In general, the current drawing object is dark and the past drawing object used as an afterimage is thinly drawn. For example, the transparency α = 0.70 is set for the polygon 404 of the drawing object. Here, it is assumed that the drawing is more transparent as α is closer to 0.00 and opaque as it is closer to 1.00. For the afterimage polygon 405, α = 0.20, and for the afterimage polygon 406, α = 0.10.

  The setup processing unit 207 converts the coordinates of each vertex of the drawing object polygon 404 and afterimage polygons 405 and 406 for which the transparency setting processing has been completed into the coordinate system of the image display device, and coordinates, color values, Z values, and the like. The displacement of the parameters such as the inclination of the straight line surrounding the polygon, the color value and the Z value is calculated from the above parameters. The setup process can be performed by a general means used in the three-dimensional graphics process.

  In the pixel processing unit 208, the coordinates and color of each pixel on the display device are determined from the inclination of the straight line surrounding the polygon from the coordinates and color values of the polygon, parameters such as the Z value, and the displacement of the parameters such as the color value and Z value. A generated image that can be displayed on the image display device is output by interpolating parameters such as value and Z value. Pixel processing can be performed by general means used in three-dimensional graphics processing.

  By repeating the above processing for all the polygons included in the drawing object 401 and the afterimages 402 and 403, a motion blur effect can be applied to the drawing object.

  In the present embodiment, the number of past drawing objects for representing afterimages is two, but the application of the present invention is not limited to this. Further, the transparency is not limited to the value shown in the above description.

  As described above, the polygon data corresponding to the current drawing object and the past drawing object are simultaneously input to the graphics engine, and the polygon data of the past drawing object used for the afterimage is compared with the current light source calculation. By determining whether or not the result can be reused and omitting the light source calculation if it can be reused, the amount of calculation for generating a motion blur image can be greatly reduced.

  The image generation method and the image generation apparatus of the present invention can be used in various electronic devices equipped with a graphics drawing function, such as a mobile phone, a PDA, a digital TV, a car navigation system, a home game machine, and a personal computer. it can.

The figure showing the example of an image generation apparatus structure in embodiment of this invention The figure showing the internal structural example of the graphics engine in embodiment of this invention The figure which shows the processing flow in embodiment of this invention The figure for demonstrating the motion blur image generation method in embodiment of this invention The figure which shows the light source process determination flow in embodiment of this invention The figure showing the conventional motion blur image generation method

Explanation of symbols

101 LSI including graphics engine
102 CPU
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 103 Graphics engine 104 Memory controller 105 Display controller 106 CPU bus 107 Memory bus 108 Memory 109 Display 201 Host interface 202 Control part 203 Vertex coordinate calculation part 204 Light source process determination part 205 Light source process part 206 Transparency setting part 207 Setup process part 208 Pixel Processing unit 209 Memory interface 401 Object rendered at time t 402 Object rendered as an afterimage at time t-1 of 401 401 Object 404 rendered as an afterimage at time t-2 of 401 Polygon 405 402 contained in polygon 406 403 contained in 403 polygon 407 position coordinate from polygon 405 to polygon 404 Minute 408 Difference in position coordinates from polygon 406 to polygon 405 409 Normal vector of polygon 404 410 Normal vector of polygon 405 411 Normal vector of polygon 406 601 Frame at time t 602 Frame at time t-1 603 Frame at time t-2 604 Frame generated by combining frames 601, 602, and 603

Claims (8)

A motion blur method for drawing a three-dimensional computer graphics image, comprising: means for simultaneously drawing a polygon included in a current drawing object and a corresponding polygon of the previous drawing object used as an afterimage Image generation method. An apparatus for drawing a three-dimensional computer graphics image, comprising: means for simultaneously drawing a polygon included in a current drawing object and a corresponding polygon of the previous drawing object used as an afterimage; Image generation device. A program for causing an information processing apparatus to execute the motion blur image generation method according to claim 1. An integrated circuit realizing the motion blur image generating apparatus according to claim 2. A method for drawing a three-dimensional computer graphics image, wherein the polygons included in the current drawing object and the drawing data of the corresponding polygons of the past drawing object used as afterimages are compared, and the current drawing object is compared with respect to the afterimage polygons. A motion blur image generation method comprising: means for determining whether or not the light source calculation result of a polygon or other afterimage polygon can be reused. An apparatus for drawing a three-dimensional computer graphics image, wherein the polygons included in the current drawing object and the drawing data of the corresponding polygons in the past drawing object used as afterimages are compared, and the current drawing object for the afterimage polygons A motion blur image generating apparatus comprising: means for determining whether or not the light source calculation result of the polygon or other afterimage polygon can be reused. A program for causing an information processing apparatus to execute the motion blur image generation method according to claim 5. An integrated circuit realizing the motion blur image generating apparatus according to claim 6.

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