JP2006323142A - Liquid crystal device, method for manufacturing same, and projection type display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal device whose excellent aligning property is combined with high reliability. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal device is constructed with a pair of substrates 10, 20 having a liquid crystal 50 interposed in between. Out of the pair of substrates, at least one substrate 10 has an alignment layer 1 on the surface of the liquid crystal 50 side. The alignment layer 1 comprises a single layer containing an inorganic material component and an organic material component. The alignment layer 1 is constructed in such a way that a proportion of the organic material component in the alignment layer 1 increases as going from the substrate 10 side to the liquid crystal 50 side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal device, and a projection display device.

In general, a liquid crystal device used as a light valve of a liquid crystal projector (projection display device) or a display such as a mobile phone has an alignment film for controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the outermost surface of a substrate sandwiching the liquid crystal layer. Is formed. As this alignment film, a film obtained by rubbing an organic film such as polyimide (organic alignment film) is widely used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-244029

  However, such an organic alignment film is excellent in the alignment force, but is weak against heat and light, and has a problem that the alignment force gradually decreases with long-term use. For example, when it is mounted on a projector that is irradiated with high-intensity light, the alignment film is gradually modified by light or heat from the light source, and liquid crystal molecules may not be aligned in a desired alignment direction. Further, when such light deterioration occurs, the decomposition product may adversely affect the performance of the liquid crystal.

  As a means for solving this problem, a technique using an alignment film (inorganic alignment film) formed of an inorganic material for the alignment film has been proposed. The inorganic alignment film is generally formed by oblique deposition. However, although the inorganic alignment film is excellent in light resistance and heat resistance as compared with an organic alignment film composed of an organic material, there is a problem that the ability to align liquid crystal molecules is low. For this reason, in a liquid crystal device using an inorganic alignment film, there is a risk of causing uneven alignment due to insufficient alignment force, a decrease in contrast, and the like.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal device having both good alignment characteristics and high reliability, and a method for manufacturing the same. It is another object of the present invention to provide a projection type display device having both good display characteristics and high reliability by including such a liquid crystal device.

In order to solve the above problems, a liquid crystal device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and the liquid crystal side surface of at least one of the pair of substrates is disposed on the surface on the liquid crystal side. The alignment film comprises a single layer containing an inorganic material component and an organic material component, and the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film is directed from the substrate side to the liquid crystal side. It is configured to be large.
According to this configuration, since the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side, the liquid crystal while increasing the ratio of the inorganic material component in the entire alignment film. Only the portion in contact with can be made a composition with a high ratio of organic material components having good orientation characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal device having both good alignment characteristics and high reliability. In general, since alignment characteristics and reliability are in a trade-off relationship, both characteristics cannot be realized at the same time with the same alignment film. However, in the present invention, these two characteristics are separated from each other in the alignment film. By realizing this in part, it is possible to satisfy both characteristics simultaneously.

In the present invention, the portion of the alignment film that is disposed closest to the substrate is mainly composed of an inorganic material component, and the portion that is closest to the liquid crystal is mainly composed of an organic material component. Can be. In this case, it is preferable that a portion of the alignment film that is disposed closest to the substrate is mainly composed of the same inorganic material component as the material component of the substrate.
According to this configuration, a liquid crystal device with higher reliability and better alignment characteristics can be provided. Further, when the portion of the alignment film that is disposed closest to the substrate is mainly composed of the same inorganic material component as the material component of the substrate, the adhesion between the alignment film and the substrate is improved, and the reliability is higher. A liquid crystal device can be provided.
Here, “mainly” means that an inorganic material component and an organic material component are compared, and one is more than the other. For example, in the above configuration, the portion of the alignment film that is disposed on the most substrate side contains more inorganic material components than the organic material component, and the portion of the alignment film that is disposed on the most liquid crystal side is organic. More material components are contained than inorganic material components. The ratio between the inorganic material component and the organic material component is set to an appropriate value from the viewpoint of the intensity of light incident on the alignment film, the required alignment characteristics, light resistance, and the like.

In the present invention, the alignment film contains an organometallic material, and the organometallic material controls an affinity imparting group that improves the affinity with the liquid crystal in the molecule and the orientation of the liquid crystal. It may have at least one of orientation imparting groups.
According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal device having excellent light resistance and excellent alignment characteristics.

In the present invention, the affinity imparting group is preferably at least one of a vinyl group, an alkylene group, and a cyanoalkyl group.
According to this configuration, the affinity with the liquid crystal can be improved more effectively, and the liquid crystal can be arranged in a more stable state.

In the present invention, the orientation-imparting group is preferably at least one of a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, a substituted phenylalkyl group, and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
According to this configuration, the alignment direction and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal can be more effectively made desired, and more excellent alignment characteristics can be exhibited.

In the present invention, the alignment film may be formed by a sol-gel method.
According to this configuration, since the alignment film is formed using a sol-gel method that is a liquid phase method, the process can be simplified as compared with a conventional method using a vapor phase method such as oblique deposition. Can do.

  The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and an alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal side surface of at least one of the pair of substrates. The step of forming the alignment film includes the step of polycondensing a metal alkoxide and preparing an alignment film forming liquid having an orientation-imparting group for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal in the molecule. The film forming liquid preparation step, the alignment film forming liquid is applied on the substrate to form a coating film, and the ratio of the organic material component in the coating film is from the substrate side. Forming a gradient distribution that increases toward the liquid crystal side, and curing the coating film in a state having the gradient distribution.

This method is generally called a sol-gel method. The sol-gel method is a relatively new method for producing ceramics. In the sol-gel method, a gel, which is a jelly-like solid, is produced by starting from a solution called a sol and undergoing hydrolysis and condensation polymerization. And by performing heat processing, the solvent left inside is removed and further densification is promoted to obtain ceramics. For this reason, the process temperature can be kept low compared to a method in which the raw material is melted and re-solidified, and the manufacturing apparatus is downsized compared to the case where a vapor phase method such as oblique deposition is used. In addition, the process can be simplified. Further, since the sol-gel method is a production method from a liquid phase, atoms can be mixed homogeneously at a molecular level, and the composition can be easily controlled.
In addition, since it can be manufactured at a low temperature using a chemical reaction, it is possible to combine an organic material and an inorganic material. The organic / inorganic composite material is a novel material that combines the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials. In the present invention, the organic material has good orientation, which is a characteristic of organic materials, and high reliability, which is a characteristic of inorganic materials. It is possible to easily form a novel alignment film having both.
Further, in the present invention, since an inclination distribution is generated in the alignment film so that the ratio of the organic material component increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side, the ratio of the inorganic material component in the entire alignment film is increased. However, only the portion in contact with the liquid crystal can have a composition with a high ratio of organic material components having good alignment characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal device having both good alignment characteristics and high reliability.

Examples of the method of forming the gradient distribution include (i) a method using the difference in specific gravity between the organic material component and the inorganic material component in the coating film, and (ii) the organic material component and the inorganic material component in the coating film. There is a method using the difference in curing reaction rate.
An example of (i) is a method of centrifuging the coating film. Since the specific gravity of the inorganic material is larger than the specific gravity of the organic material, when the centrifugation is performed with the substrate facing outside, a composition mainly composed of the inorganic material component having a relatively large specific gravity is formed on the substrate side, and the liquid crystal side A composition mainly composed of organic material components having a relatively small specific gravity is formed.
As an example of (ii), in the coating film, a temperature gradient is formed such that the temperature decreases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side, and the coating film is heated and cured in a state having the temperature gradient. There is a way to do it. When the coating film is heated and cured in such a state having a temperature gradient, a composition composed mainly of an inorganic material component having a relatively high thermosetting speed is formed on the substrate side, and relatively on the liquid crystal side. A composition composed mainly of organic material components having a low thermosetting rate is formed.
As an example of (ii), a concentration gradient is formed in the coating film so that a hydrogen ion concentration increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side, and the coating film is provided with the concentration gradient. There are methods for curing the film. The curing reaction tends to be slower for strongly acidic materials and faster for strongly alkaline materials. Therefore, when the coating film is cured in such a state having a concentration gradient, a large organic material component is present on the strongly acidic liquid crystal side. A composition is formed, and a large composition of inorganic material components is formed on the strongly alkaline substrate side.

In the present invention, the alignment film-forming liquid may have an affinity imparting group in the molecule for improving the affinity with the liquid crystal.
According to this method, a liquid crystal device with better alignment characteristics can be provided.

A projection display device according to the present invention includes the above-described liquid crystal device according to the present invention or the liquid crystal device manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method according to the present invention.
According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a projection display device that has both good display characteristics and high reliability.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the following embodiments, an active matrix liquid crystal device including a thin film transistor (TFT) as a pixel switching element will be described as an example. This liquid crystal device can be suitably used, for example, as a light valve (light modulation means) of a projection display device. In each drawing used in the following description, the scale is different for each layer and each member so that each layer and each member can be recognized on the drawing.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of the liquid crystal device 100 according to the present embodiment as viewed from the counter substrate side together with each component, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line H-H ′ of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of various elements and wirings in a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix in the image display area of the liquid crystal device.

[Overall configuration of liquid crystal display]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment, the TFT array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together by a sealing material 52, and the liquid crystal is in a region partitioned by the sealing material 52. Layer 50 is encapsulated. A light shielding film (peripheral parting) 53 made of a light shielding material is formed in a region inside the region where the sealing material 52 is formed. A data line driving circuit 201 and an external circuit mounting terminal 202 are formed along one side of the TFT array substrate 10 in a region outside the sealing material 52, and a scanning line driving circuit is formed along two sides adjacent to the one side. 204 is formed. On the remaining side of the TFT array substrate 10, a plurality of wirings 205 are provided for connecting between the scanning line driving circuits 204 provided on both sides of the image display area. In addition, an inter-substrate conductive material 206 for providing electrical continuity between the TFT array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 is disposed at a corner portion of the counter substrate 20.

Instead of forming the data line driving circuit 201 and the scanning line driving circuit 204 on the TFT array substrate 10, for example, a TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) substrate on which a driving LSI is mounted and a peripheral portion of the TFT array substrate 10 The terminal group formed in the above may be electrically and mechanically connected via an anisotropic conductive film.
In the liquid crystal display device 100, the type of liquid crystal mode to be used, that is, TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode, IPS (In Plain Switching) mode, STN (STN) Depending on the operation mode such as the Super Twisted Nematic mode and the normally white mode / normally black mode, a phase difference plate, a polarizing plate, and the like are arranged in a predetermined direction, but the illustration is omitted here.

  In the image display area of the liquid crystal display device 100 having such a structure, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of dots 100a are arranged in a matrix, and each of these dots 100a has a pixel switching area. TFT 30 is formed, and a data line 6 a for supplying pixel signals S 1, S 2,..., Sn is electrically connected to the source of the TFT 30. Pixel signals S1, S2,..., Sn to be written to the data lines 6a may be supplied line-sequentially in this order, or may be supplied for each group to a plurality of adjacent data lines 6a. . Further, the scanning line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT 30, and the scanning signals G1, G2,..., Gm are applied to the scanning line 3a in a pulse-sequential manner in this order at a predetermined timing. It is configured. The pixel electrode 9 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 30, and the pixel signal S1, S2,..., Sn supplied from the data line 6a is obtained by turning on the TFT 30 as a switching element for a certain period. Write to each pixel at a predetermined timing. The pixel signals S1, S2,..., Sn written in the liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 9 in this way are held for a certain period with the counter electrode 21 of the counter substrate 20 shown in FIG. Further, in order to prevent the held pixel signals S1, S2,..., Sn from leaking, a storage capacitor 60 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode 9 and the counter electrode 21. Reference numeral 3 b denotes a capacity line constituting the storage capacity 60.

Next, the structure of the liquid crystal device 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal device 100, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of the alignment film.
In the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, a liquid crystal layer 50 is sandwiched between a TFT array substrate 10 and a counter substrate 20 made of transparent glass or the like that are opposed to each other up and down. It has a basic structure.

  On the inner surface of the TFT array substrate 10, a pixel electrode 9 made of a transparent conductive film such as TFT 30 and ITO is provided for each pixel 100a arranged in a matrix. Actually, wiring lines such as the data line 6a and the scanning line 3a are formed, but these are not shown in FIG. 4A. An alignment film 1 is provided on the entire inner surface of the TFT array substrate 10 so as to cover the TFTs 30 and the pixel electrodes 9.

  A light shielding film 23 is provided on the inner surface of the counter substrate 20. The light-shielding film 23 is provided in a lattice shape along the edge of each pixel 100a where the TFT 30, wiring, etc. (data line 6a, scanning line 3a, etc.) are formed. A region where the illumination light is blocked by the light shielding film 23 is a non-illumination region, and a region where the illumination light is transmitted through the opening of the light shielding film 23 is an illumination region. Only the illumination area contributes to the display. On the inner surface of the counter substrate 20, a counter electrode 21 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO is provided on the entire surface so as to cover the light shielding film 23, and further, an alignment film is formed on the entire image display region so as to cover the counter electrode 21. 2 is provided.

  A liquid crystal layer 50 is held between the substrates 10 and 20. As the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer 50, any liquid crystal material that can be aligned such as nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal may be used. In the case of a TN liquid crystal panel using nematic liquid crystal, for example, phenyl Examples include cyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, biphenyl derivative liquid crystal, biphenyl cyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, terphenyl derivative liquid crystal, phenyl ether derivative liquid crystal, phenyl ester derivative liquid crystal, bicyclohexane derivative liquid crystal, and phenylcyclohexylcyclohexane derivative liquid crystal. Furthermore, liquid crystal molecules in which a fluorine-based substituent such as a monofluoro group, a difluoro group, a trifluoro group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a difluoromethoxy group is introduced into these nematic liquid crystal molecules are also included.

The alignment films 1 and 2 are each configured as a single layer having a gradient distribution structure in which the organic material component in the base material increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side.
FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the alignment film. In FIG. 4B, only the structure of the alignment film 1 is shown, but the structure of the alignment film 2 is similar to this.

The alignment film 1 is composed of an organic / inorganic composite material in which an organic material and an inorganic material are combined. This alignment film 1 is formed by a sol-gel method using an alignment film forming liquid described later. For the base material of the alignment film 1, an inorganic material such as SiO _{2 that} is the same as the material component of the substrate 10 is used. In the alignment film 1, an inclination distribution is formed such that the ratio of the organic material component in the base material increases from the substrate 10 side toward the liquid crystal 50 side. Such a gradient distribution is formed by performing a distribution forming process such as centrifugation on the coating film of the alignment film forming liquid. In the present embodiment, the most substrate-side portion 1A is configured as an inorganic-rich alignment film (hereinafter referred to as an inorganic alignment film) mainly composed of inorganic material components, and the most liquid-crystal-side portion 1C is an organic material. It is configured as an organic rich alignment film (hereinafter referred to as an organic alignment film) mainly composed of components. Further, the central portion 1B of the alignment film 1 has a composition in which the ratio of the organic material component continuously changes. Thus, by increasing the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film 1 from the substrate 10 side toward the liquid crystal 50 side, the ratio of the inorganic material component in the entire alignment film is improved while improving the alignment characteristics of the alignment film surface. Can also be increased. Further, since the portion 1A on the substrate 10 side is mainly composed of an inorganic material, the adhesion between the alignment film 1 and the substrate 10 is also good.

  Here, “mainly” means that an inorganic material component and an organic material component are compared, and one is more than the other. For example, an inorganic alignment film contains more inorganic material components than an organic material component, and an organic alignment film contains more organic material components than an inorganic material component. The ratio of the inorganic material component to the organic material component is set to an appropriate value from the viewpoint of the intensity of light incident on each alignment film, the required alignment characteristics, light resistance, and the like.

The alignment film 1 is mainly composed of an organometallic material. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the alignment film 1 is formed by a sol-gel method. Therefore, the organometallic material has a general formula: M (OR) _n (M: metal, R: alkyl group) However, other organometallic materials may be used.

As the metal M, various materials such as Si, Al, Ti, In, Zn, Sn, V, Sr, and La can be used. Moreover, as the alkyl group R, a C1-C5 alkyl group can be mentioned as a representative example.
In this embodiment, the metal M is Si, and an organosilicon material is used as the organometallic material.

  The organosilicon material is composed of a composite material of polysiloxane and an organic compound. This organosilicon material has excellent chemical stability, and has excellent light resistance as compared to an alignment film composed only of a conventional organic material. Among such organosilicon materials, in the present embodiment, in particular, in the molecule, an affinity imparting group that improves the affinity with liquid crystal as a functional group, and an orientation imparting group that controls the alignment state of the liquid crystal. Are used.

  Examples of the affinity imparting group include a vinyl group, an alkylene group, a cyanoalkyl group, a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, and an alkylidene group. In particular, those having at least one or more of vinyl, alkylene, alkylidene and cyanoalkyl groups are preferred. Thereby, high affinity is obtained.

  Examples of the orientation-imparting group include a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, a substituted phenylalkyl group, and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. In particular, those having at least one or more of a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, a substituted phenylalkyl group, and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. Thereby, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules becomes more uniform, and more excellent alignment characteristics can be exhibited. Further, among the above-described orientation-imparting groups, when an organosilicon material having a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, or a substituted phenylalkyl group is used, the affinity with the liquid crystal molecules is also improved. They are arranged in a stable state and have more excellent orientation characteristics.

  As the organosilicon material as described above, it is preferable to use an organopolysilsesquioxane having a cage structure or a partially cleaved cage structure. Thereby, the ratio of affinity and orientation can be arbitrarily changed, and an alignment film having high heat resistance and high visible light transmission characteristics can be obtained.

The weight average molecular weight of such an organosilicon material is preferably 500 to 50000, and more preferably 700 to 50000. Thereby, it can be set as the orientation film | membrane stable optically and physically.
The alignment films 1 and 2 as described above preferably have an average thickness of 0.01 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and 0.02 to 0.05 μm. More preferably. If the average thickness is less than the lower limit, the function as an alignment film may not be sufficiently exhibited depending on the composition of the organosilicon material. On the other hand, if the average thickness exceeds the above upper limit value, the drive voltage becomes high and there is a possibility that the TFT cannot be driven.

[Method of manufacturing liquid crystal device]
Next, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal device 100 will be described while paying attention to a method for forming an alignment film. FIG. 5 is a process flow showing a method for forming an alignment film.
In addition, the formation process of the alignment film 1 and the alignment film 2 is basically the same process. For this reason, the case where the alignment film 1 is mainly formed will be described here. In the following description, a method for forming an alignment film composed of an organopolysilsesquioxane having a cage structure or a partially cleaved cage structure will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the alignment film forming method of this embodiment includes an alignment film forming liquid preparation step (step S1) for preparing an alignment film forming liquid, and the obtained alignment film forming liquid is used as a substrate. A coating film forming step (step S2) for forming a coating film, and a gradient distribution in which the organic material component increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side in the formed coating film. And a curing step (step S3) for curing the coating film in a state having the inclination distribution.

<Liquid preparation step for alignment film formation (S1)>
The alignment film-forming liquid preparation step S1 includes a polysilsesquioxane material preparation step of preparing a polysilsesquioxane material (polysiloxane material) by polycondensation of a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes having different compositions. And the liquid for alignment film formation containing the said polysilsesquioxane material obtained here is prepared.

<Polysilsesquioxane material preparation process>
First, an organic material component having a functional group such as an affinity imparting group and an orientation imparting group in the finally obtained alignment film (alignment film 1 and alignment layers 1A to 1C) and an inorganic material component having no organic group When the film is formed as described below, the alkoxysilane having an affinity-imparting group, the alkoxysilane having an orientation-imparting group, the alkoxysilane having no organic group at a ratio corresponding to the abundance ratio of A plurality of types of alkoxysilanes having a curing reactive group that contributes to the curing reaction are prepared.

  Examples of the alkoxysilane having an affinity-imparting group include vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, butenyltrimethoxysilane, and butenyl. Triethoxysilane, butenylisopropoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltriisopropoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltriisopropoxysilane, ( Examples include 3-cyanobutyl) methyltrimethoxysilane, (3-cyanobutyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, and (3-cyanobutyl) methyltriisopropoxysilane.

Examples of the alkoxysilane having an orientation-imparting group include phenyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriisopropoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltriisopropoxysilane, isopropyltrimethoxysilane, Examples thereof include isopropyltriethoxysilane, isopropyltriisopropoxysilane, phenethyltrimethoxysilane, phenethyltriethoxysilane, and phenethyltriisopropoxysilane.
Tetraalkoxysilane is used as the alkoxysilane having no organic group, and examples of the tetraalkoxysilane include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane.

The curing reactive group is a functional group having a function of curing the coating film by reacting the curing reactive groups with each other under predetermined conditions. By using an alkoxysilane having such a curing reactive group, the film formability (moldability) of the alignment film forming liquid can be improved. As a result, a physically stable alignment film can be effectively formed.
Examples of such curing reactive groups include glycidoxyalkyl groups, alicyclic epoxyalkyl groups, acryloylalkyl groups, methacryloylalkyl groups, vinyl groups, alkylene groups, alkylidene groups, styryl groups, and styrylalkyl groups. It is done.

Among the above-mentioned, it is particularly preferable to use a glycidoxyalkyl group, an alicyclic epoxyalkyl group, or a methacryloylalkyl group. By having such a functional group, a stable alignment film can be formed more effectively.
Examples of the alkoxysilane having such a curing reaction group include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxysiloxyhexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Etc.

  Next, a plurality of types of alkoxysilanes as described above, water and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol as necessary, ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc. A dilute solvent typified by hydrocarbons such as ketones and toluene is mixed at a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixed solution.

  Next, a hydrolysis and polycondensation catalyst such as an acid catalyst and a base catalyst is added to the obtained mixed solution while stirring. These catalysts may be added in advance to the solvent or water used for the reaction.

  Examples of the acid catalyst (including a solid acid catalyst) include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic sulfonic acids (for example, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethane). Organic acids such as sulfonic acid, etc., and examples of the base catalyst include inorganic bases such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, tertiary amines (trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine) , Triethanolamine, pyridine and the like), organic bases such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, choline and the like. Of these, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, which have a high activity as a base and are easily removed during post-treatment, are preferred.

After adding the hydrolysis catalyst, the alkoxysilane is polycondensed by heating at a predetermined temperature while stirring.
The predetermined temperature (reaction temperature) is preferably 5 to 140 ° C, and more preferably 30 to 60 ° C. If the reaction temperature is too high, the reaction of the curing reactive group may occur. Conversely, if the reaction temperature is too low, the progress of the reaction is remarkably slowed.
The reaction time is preferably 1 to 48 hours, and more preferably 3 to 18 hours. If the reaction time is too long, the reaction of the curing reactive group may occur. Conversely, if the reaction time is too short, the reaction is not completed.

Next, treatments such as neutralization, removal of diluted solvent, and drying are performed as necessary.
By using the method as described above, a polysilsesquioxane material (polysiloxane material) having a cage structure or a partially cleaved cage structure can be obtained.

<Liquid preparation step for alignment film formation>
Next, an alignment film forming liquid containing the polysilsesquioxane material obtained in the above step is prepared.
In addition, you may use the polysilsesquioxane material obtained at the said process as a liquid for alignment film formation as it is, and you may add a solvent etc. as needed.
Moreover, you may add a hardening | curing agent (polymerization initiator) to the alignment film formation liquid as needed. Thereby, hardening of a coating film which is mentioned later can be performed easily.

Examples of such a curing agent include benzophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, (thiophenoxyphenyl) diphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, bis (diphenylsulfonium) diphenylthioether hexafluorophosphate, and the like. Examples include photopolymerization initiators, thermal polymerization initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobismethylbutyronitrile, and the like, and one or more of these can be used in combination.
Moreover, you may perform a filtration process with respect to the liquid for alignment film formation as needed. Thereby, impurities contained in the alignment film forming liquid can be removed, and an alignment film having a uniform thickness can be efficiently formed.

<Coating film formation process (S2)>
Next, the alignment film forming liquid obtained in the above step is applied onto the substrate 10 to form a coating film composed of the alignment film forming liquid.
Examples of the method for applying the alignment film forming liquid include a gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, a knife coating method, a roll coating method, a die coating method, and an ink jet method. These methods can be selected or used in combination as required.

<Curing step (S3)>
Next, in the formed coating film, a gradient distribution is formed such that the ratio of the organic material component increases from the substrate 10 side toward the liquid crystal 50 side, and this is cured to be applied to the entire surface of the substrate 10. The alignment film 1 having such a gradient distribution structure is formed.

For example, (i) a method using the difference in specific gravity between the organic material component and the inorganic material component in the coating film, and (ii) curing of the organic material component and the inorganic material component in the coating film. For example, a method using the difference in reaction rate may be used.
As an example of (i), there is a method of centrifuging the coating film. In this method, first, when the polymerization in the coating film slightly progresses, the substrate 10 is turned outside and the centrifugation is performed. When centrifugation is performed in a state where fluidity remains, the inorganic material component having a relatively high specific gravity moves to the substrate 10 side, and the organic material component having a relatively low specific gravity moves to the liquid crystal 50 side. Thereby, the substrate 10 side has a composition mainly composed of an inorganic material component having a relatively large specific gravity, and the liquid crystal 50 side has a composition mainly composed of an organic material component having a relatively small specific gravity. Then, the alignment film 1 having the gradient distribution structure as described above is formed by curing the coating film with such a gradient distribution.

As an example of (ii), there is a method in which a coating film is heated and cured in a state where a temperature gradient is applied in the coating film. In this method, the coating film is heated from the substrate 10 side, and a polymerization reaction is caused in the coating film by the heat. In this case, since the coating film is heated more strongly on the substrate 10 side than on the liquid crystal 50 side, a temperature gradient is generated in the coating film so that the temperature gradually decreases from the substrate 10 side toward the liquid crystal 50 side. . When the coating film is heated and cured in this state, since the inorganic material has a faster thermosetting reaction than the organic material, the relatively high temperature substrate 10 side has a composition mainly composed of the inorganic material component, and the temperature is relatively high. The lower liquid crystal 50 side has a composition mainly composed of organic material components.
In addition, as a heat processing, the method of heating the board | substrate 10 directly with a heater etc. may be sufficient, and the method of heating by energy ray irradiation (visible light, an ultraviolet-ray, a radiation, infrared rays, etc.) may be sufficient. In the latter case, the irradiated energy rays are absorbed by the substrate 10, the electrode 9, etc., so that the temperature of the substrate 10 rises. By performing such a treatment, the curing reactive groups as described above are radically polymerized, cationically polymerized, polycondensed, etc. in the coating film, and the coating film is cured to form an alignment film.

  As an example of (ii), there is also a method of polymerizing a coating film in a state where a concentration gradient of hydrogen ion concentration (PH) is given in the coating film. In this method, first, an ion exchange membrane (for example, a Nafion membrane) is placed on the surface of the coating film (surface on the liquid crystal side), and the pH value of the coating film surface is adjusted to the acidic side. In this state, a polymerization reaction is caused in the coating film. In this case, since only the liquid crystal side in contact with the ion exchange membrane is adjusted to be acidic, the pH value gradually decreases in the coating film from the substrate 10 side toward the liquid crystal 50 side. A PH gradient occurs. When the coating film is cured in this state, the curing reaction tends to be slower as the material is more acidic and faster as the material is more alkaline, so the substrate 10 side having a relatively high PH value has a composition mainly composed of inorganic material components. The liquid crystal 50 side having a relatively small PH value has a composition mainly composed of organic material components.

The coating film is particularly preferably cured after removing moisture, solvent, and the like contained in the alignment film forming liquid constituting the coating film (after drying the coating film). Thereby, an alignment film having a stable film thickness can be efficiently formed.
Moreover, you may perform hardening of a coating film, for example, after irradiating an energy beam and pre-hardening a coating film, and carrying out the main hardening by heat processing. That is, the coating film may be cured by temporarily curing the coating film with a relatively low energy once and then completely curing it. Thereby, an alignment film having a stable film thickness can be formed more efficiently.

  As described above, the TFT array substrate 10 including the alignment film 1 having the gradient distribution structure is formed. The alignment film 1 can be subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing as necessary. Thereby, the alignment characteristic of the alignment film obtained can be made more excellent.

Next, using the same method, the alignment film 2 having the same gradient distribution structure is formed on the surface of the counter substrate 20. Then, these substrates 10 and 20 are bonded together via a sealing material 52 provided in a frame shape, and the frame of the sealing material 52 is filled with liquid crystal. Thereafter, a polarizing plate or the like is attached to the outer surface side of the substrates 10 and 20 as necessary.
Thus, the liquid crystal device 100 is completed.

  As described above, the liquid crystal device 100 of this embodiment is configured such that the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side. For this reason, while increasing the ratio of the inorganic material component of the entire alignment film, only the portion in contact with the liquid crystal 50 can have a composition with a high ratio of the organic material component having a good alignment characteristic. A liquid crystal device having high reliability can be provided. In general, since alignment characteristics and reliability are in a trade-off relationship, both characteristics cannot be realized at the same time with the same alignment film. However, in the present invention, these two characteristics are separated from each other in the alignment film. By realizing the portions 1A and 1C, both characteristics can be satisfied simultaneously.

In addition, since the alignment films 1 and 2 are formed by a sol-gel method that is a liquid phase method, the process can be simplified as compared with a conventional method using a vapor phase method such as oblique deposition. it can. In addition, since it can be produced at a low temperature using a chemical reaction, it is possible to combine an organic material and an inorganic material. The organic / inorganic composite material is a novel material having both the characteristics of an organic material and an inorganic material. In this embodiment, the organic material (liquid crystalline substance) has a good orientation and an inorganic material. It becomes possible to easily form novel alignment films 1 and 2 having high reliability that is a characteristic.
Furthermore, since the alignment films 1 and 2 include an affinity imparting group that improves the affinity with the liquid crystal and an orientation imparting group that controls the alignment of the liquid crystal, the alignment films 1 and 2 are excellent in light resistance and have orientation characteristics. An excellent liquid crystal device can be provided.

[Second Embodiment]
The basic structure of the liquid crystal device of this embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment, and the only difference is the material of the alignment layer including the organic material components of the alignment films 1 and 2.
As the alignment layer containing the organic material component of the alignment films 1 and 2 in this embodiment, an alignment film forming liquid containing a hydrolyzate of a silane compound having an organic group and a hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane is used. Thus, an alignment film can be formed. The silane compound having an organic group mainly has a structure in which a silicon atom and an oxygen atom are bonded, and the organic group is directly bonded to a part of the silicon atom with a carbon atom.

  Examples of the organic group include alkyl groups such as a methyl group and an ethyl group, and functional groups having an aromatic ring such as a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthyl group. The use of an organic group having a functional group containing an aromatic ring is preferable because it can improve the regulating force on the liquid crystal molecules and can more reliably align the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. When the organic group has a functional group containing an aromatic ring, it is preferable to use one in which the aromatic ring is bonded to a silicon atom via a carbon atom.

  In the <alignment film forming liquid adjustment step (S1)> in this embodiment, a hydrolyzate of a silane compound and a hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane are separately prepared and mixed to form an alignment film. Prepare a liquid. By preparing each hydrolyzate separately, the degree of hydrolysis can be adjusted to a more appropriate level. Moreover, the ratio of the organic material component can be freely adjusted by changing the mixing ratio of the hydrolyzate of the silane compound and the hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane. In this embodiment, the alignment films 1 and 2 include an inorganic alignment film and an organic alignment film, and the ratio of the organic material components included in the inorganic alignment film and the organic alignment film is adjusted by the mixing ratio. .

<Preparation of hydrolyzate of silane compound>
First, the preparation method of the hydrolyzate of the silane compound used by this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, a silane compound to be subjected to hydrolysis is prepared.
As such a silane compound, a compound in which a carbon atom constituting an organic group is directly bonded to silicon is used. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the organic group from being detached during hydrolysis or the like, and to reliably leave the organic group in the alignment film.
In addition to the organic group described above, the silane compound may have any substituent as long as it is a hydrolyzable substituent. For example, the silane compound may have an alkoxyl group, a halogen group, or the like.

Among the above-mentioned, it is preferable to use a silane compound having an alkoxyl group and / or a halogen group as a substituent other than an organic group. Thereby, hydrolysis of a silane compound can be performed easily.
Examples of the alkoxyl group include a methoxy group (OMe), an ethoxy group (OEt), a propoxy group (OPr), and a butoxy group (OBu).
Examples of the halogen group include a fluorine group (F), a chlorine group (Cl), and a bromine group (Br).

Such a silane compound has a general formula R _m SiX _(4-m) (3 ≧ m ≧ 1, R is a methyl group (Me), an ethyl group (Et), a phenyl group (Ph), a benzyl group (Bz), etc. And X represents an alkoxyl group, a halogen group, or the like.

Examples of such silane compounds include benzyltriethoxysilane (BzSi (OEt) ₃ ), benzyltriemethoxysilane (BzSi (OMe) ₃ ), benzylmethyldiethoxysilane (BzMeSi (OEt) ₂ ), benzyldimethylethoxy. Silane (BzMe ₂ SiOEt), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhSi (OEt) ₃ ), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhSi (OMe) ₃ ), phenylmethyldiethoxysilane (PhMeSi (OEt) ₂ ), phenyltrichlorosilane (PhSiCl ₃₎ ), phenylmethyl dichlorosilane (PhMeSiCl _2), phenylethyl trichlorosilane _{(PhCH 2 CH 2 SiCl 3)} , 4- phenylbutyl trichlorosilane _{(Ph (CH 2) 4 SiCl} 3 , 4-phenylbutyl methyldichlorosilane _{(Ph (CH 2) 4 MeSiCl} 2), 4- phenyl-butyldimethylchlorosilane _{(Ph (CH 2) 4 Me} 2 SiCl) , and the like. The silane compound is selected depending on the combination with the liquid crystal composition used.

  Next, the silane compound as described above and the dilution solvent are mixed at a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixed solution. The diluting solvent is not particularly limited as long as the silane compound and its hydrolyzate are soluble. For example, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, 2 Alcohols such as methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 1-methoxy-2-propanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate, tetrahydroxyfuran (THF), dioxane And the like, hydrocarbons such as hexane and cyclohexane, and aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene.

Next, water is added to the obtained mixed liquid while stirring. At this time, a hydrolysis catalyst such as an acid catalyst or a base catalyst may be added simultaneously.
Examples of acid catalysts (including solid acid catalysts) include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic sulfonic acids (eg, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid). And organic acids such as ethanesulfonic acid, etc., and examples of the base catalyst include inorganic bases such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, tertiary amines (trimethylamine, triethylamine, And organic bases such as tributylamine, triethanolamine, pyridine).
Then, the hydrolyzate of a silane compound is obtained by stirring about 1 minute-2 days at the temperature of about 0 degreeC-80 degreeC.

<Preparation of tetraalkoxysilane hydrolyzate>
Next, a method for preparing a hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane will be described.
First, tetraalkoxysilane to be subjected to hydrolysis is prepared.
Examples of the tetraalkoxysilane include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane.

Next, tetraalkoxysilane as described above and a diluting solvent are mixed at a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixed solution. The diluting solvent is not particularly limited as long as the silane compound and its hydrolyzate are soluble. For example, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, 2 Alcohols such as methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 1-methoxy-2-propanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate, tetrahydroxyfuran (THF), dioxane And the like, hydrocarbons such as hexane and cyclohexane, and aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
Next, the obtained mixed liquid is hydrolyzed in the same manner as the above silane compound to obtain a hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane.

<Preparation of alignment film forming liquid>
Next, the hydrolyzate of the silane compound obtained as described above and the hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane so that the ratio of the organic group in the finally obtained alignment film becomes a desired one. The liquid for forming an alignment film is obtained by mixing at a predetermined ratio and stirring at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.

The mixing temperature is preferably about 0 ° C. to 80 ° C., more preferably about 10 ° C. to 50 ° C.
Further, the mixing time is preferably about 1 minute to 2 days, and more preferably about 1 minute to 5 hours.
In addition, you may add water and an additional solvent as needed.
The molar ratio of the hydrolyzate of the silane compound to the hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane in the alignment film forming liquid is preferably 5:95 to 95: 5. Thereby, an optically more stable alignment film can be formed while making the alignment characteristics of the obtained alignment film desired.
The alignment film-forming liquid thus obtained can form the alignment films 1 and 2 by the same <application forming step (S2)> and <curing step (S3)> as in the first embodiment.

As described above, also in the present embodiment, since the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film is increased from the substrate side to the liquid crystal side using the alignment film forming liquid, the alignment is excellent. A liquid crystal device having characteristics and high reliability can be provided.
In this embodiment, since the alignment film forming liquid is prepared by mixing a hydrolyzate of a silane compound and a hydrolyzate of tetraalkoxysilane, the organic material can be easily changed by changing the mixing ratio. The ratio of the components can be adjusted.

[Projection type display device]
Next, a projection type display device which is a specific example of the electronic apparatus of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a main part of the projection display device. This projection type display device includes the liquid crystal device according to each of the above-described embodiments as light modulation means.

  6, 810 is a light source, 813 and 814 are dichroic mirrors, 815, 816 and 817 are reflection mirrors, 818 is an incident lens, 819 is a relay lens, 820 is an exit lens, and 822, 823 and 824 are liquid crystal devices of the present invention. 825 is a cross dichroic prism, and 826 is a projection lens. The light source 810 includes a lamp 811 such as a metal halide and a reflector 812 that reflects the light of the lamp.

  The dichroic mirror 813 transmits red light contained in white light from the light source 810 and reflects blue light and green light. The transmitted red light is reflected by the reflection mirror 817 and is incident on the light modulation means 822 for red light. The green light reflected by the dichroic mirror 813 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 814 and is incident on the light modulating means 823 for green light. Further, the blue light reflected by the dichroic mirror 813 passes through the dichroic mirror 814. For blue light, in order to prevent light loss due to a long optical path, a light guide means 821 comprising a relay lens system including an incident lens 818, a relay lens 819, and an exit lens 820 is provided. Blue light is incident on the light modulating means 824 for blue light through the light guiding means 821. Note that the liquid crystal devices of the above-described embodiments are employed for the respective light modulation means 822, 823, and 824.

  The three color lights modulated by the respective light modulation means are incident on the cross dichroic prism 825. The cross dichroic prism 825 is formed by bonding four right-angle prisms. A dielectric multilayer film that reflects red light and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects blue light are formed in an X shape at the interface. Yes. These dielectric multilayer films combine the three color lights to form light representing a color image. The synthesized light is projected onto the screen 827 by the projection lens 826 which is a projection optical system, and the image is enlarged and displayed.

  Since the projection type display device employs the liquid crystal device of each of the above-described embodiments, even when high-intensity light irradiation is performed, the photodegradation of the alignment film does not progress as much as in the past. Therefore, stable display can be performed over a long period of time.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such examples. Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described examples are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.
The liquid crystal device of the present invention is not limited to the light modulation means of the projection display device, but is an electronic book, a personal computer, a digital still camera, a liquid crystal television, a viewfinder type or a monitor direct view type video tape recorder, a car navigation device, Electronic devices that can be suitably used as image display means for devices such as pagers, electronic notebooks, calculators, word processors, workstations, videophones, POS terminals, touch panels, etc., all of which are highly reliable and excellent in display quality Can be provided.

It is a top view which shows the liquid crystal device of embodiment. It is sectional drawing which follows the H-H 'line | wire of FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of various elements, wirings, and the like in a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix in the image display region of the liquid crystal device. FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal device. 4 is a process flow illustrating a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device. It is a figure which shows the projection type display apparatus which is an example of an electronic device.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Alignment film, 1A ... Portion mainly composed of inorganic material component, 1C: Portion mainly composed of organic material component, 10 ... TFT array substrate, 20 ... Counter substrate, 50 ... Liquid crystal, 100 ... Liquid crystal device

Claims (13)

A liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates,
Of the pair of substrates, at least one substrate has an alignment film on the liquid crystal side surface,
The alignment film comprises a single layer containing an inorganic material component and an organic material component,
The liquid crystal device, wherein the ratio of the organic material component in the alignment film increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side.   Of the alignment film, a portion disposed closest to the substrate is mainly composed of an inorganic material component, and a portion disposed closest to the liquid crystal is mainly composed of an organic material component. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1.   The liquid crystal device according to claim 2, wherein a portion of the alignment film that is disposed closest to the substrate is mainly composed of an inorganic material component that is the same as a material component of the substrate. The alignment film contains an organometallic material,
The organometallic material has, in its molecule, at least one of an affinity imparting group that improves affinity with the liquid crystal and an orientation imparting group that controls the orientation of the liquid crystal. Item 4. The liquid crystal device according to Item 2 or 3.   The liquid crystal device according to claim 4, wherein the affinity imparting group is at least one of a vinyl group, an alkylene group, and a cyanoalkyl group.   The orientation-imparting group is at least one of a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenylalkyl group, a substituted phenylalkyl group, and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Or 5. The liquid crystal device according to 5.   The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment film is formed by a sol-gel method. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates,
A step of forming an alignment film on the liquid crystal side surface of at least one of the pair of substrates;
The step of forming the alignment film includes
A liquid preparation step for forming an alignment film, in which a metal alkoxide is subjected to polycondensation, and an alignment film forming liquid having an alignment property imparting group for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal is prepared in the molecule;
A coating film forming step of applying the alignment film forming liquid on the substrate and forming a coating film;
In the coating film, forming a gradient distribution such that the ratio of the organic material component increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side, and curing the coating film in a state having the gradient distribution; A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device, comprising:   9. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal device according to claim 8, wherein the inclination distribution is formed by performing centrifugation on the coating film.   9. The liquid crystal device according to claim 8, wherein the inclination distribution is formed by forming a temperature gradient in the coating film such that the temperature decreases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side. Manufacturing method.   9. The gradient distribution is formed by forming a concentration gradient in the coating film so that a hydrogen ion concentration increases from the substrate side toward the liquid crystal side. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal device.   12. The liquid crystal device according to claim 8, wherein the alignment film-forming liquid has an affinity imparting group that improves affinity with the liquid crystal in the molecule. Production method. A projection type display comprising the liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the liquid crystal device manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 8 to 12. apparatus.

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