JP2006305729A - Machine tool, tool and tool holder - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool capable of changing its posture against a spindle, high in working precision of a work, hard to generate vibration and heat, long in service life and low at cost and a tool holder. <P>SOLUTION: This machine tool has a working tool 100 to work the work, an electric motor 180 an output shaft of which is connected to the working tool 100 and to rotate the working tool 100, a first holding part 65 to hold the working tool 100 and the electric motor 180, an installing part 62 to be installed on the spindle 46, a generator 170 to generate electric power to drive the electric motor 180, a second holding part 85 to hold the installing part 62 free to rotate, to hold the generator 170 and to be engaged with a non-rotating part 47 of the machine tool and a posture adjusting mechanism to connect the first holding part 65 and the second holding part 85 to each other free to adjust an inclination of the first holding part 65 against the second holding part 85. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tool, a tool holder, and a machine tool.

  The machining center is a complex machine tool that can perform various processes such as chamfering, drilling, boring, and tapping in a complex manner. The complex machining by the machining center includes machining using a so-called attachment having a mechanism in the tool itself. As this attachment, for example, one that can cut the workpiece by changing the direction of the cutter with respect to the spindle of the machining center, or one that increases the rotation speed of the cutter more than the rotation speed of the spindle is known. Yes.

By the way, in the attachment that can process the workpiece by changing the direction of the cutter with respect to the spindle as described above, the tilting mechanism for changing the attitude of the cutter with respect to the spindle and the rotational force of the spindle with respect to the spindle are transmitted to the cutter. A transmission mechanism such as a gear mechanism is required.
However, when the tilting mechanism and the transmission mechanism exist between the main shaft and the cutter as described above, there is a disadvantage that mechanical errors of the tilting mechanism and the transmission mechanism tend to affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Further, if a gear mechanism or the like exists between the main shaft and the cutter, vibration and heat are likely to be generated, and these tend to affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Furthermore, when a transmission mechanism such as a gear mechanism is used, the service life is relatively short. In addition, since the tilt mechanism and the transmission mechanism are built in the attachment in a limited space, the structure is easily complicated and the manufacturing cost increases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to change the posture of the tool with respect to the spindle in a tool attached to and detached from the spindle, and to provide high workpiece machining accuracy, vibration and heat. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool and a tool holder that are less likely to generate, long life, and low cost.
Furthermore, the other object of this invention is to provide the machine tool provided with said tool and tool holder.

  The tool of the present invention is a tool that is detachably attached to a spindle of a machine tool, a processing tool for processing a workpiece, an electric motor having an output shaft connected to the processing tool, and rotating the processing tool, A first holding unit that holds the processing tool and the electric motor, a mounting unit that is mounted on the main shaft, and a power generation unit that generates electric power that drives the motor by transmitting a rotational force from the main shaft through the mounting unit. A second holding portion that rotatably holds the mounting portion, holds the generator, and engages with a non-rotating portion of the machine tool, and the second of the first holding portion. And a posture adjusting mechanism that connects the first holding part and the second holding part so that the inclination angle with respect to the holding part can be adjusted.

  Preferably, a rotation position adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting a rotation position of the first holding portion around the axis of the main shaft is further provided.

  Preferably, the second holding unit includes a third holding unit that holds the generator, and a fourth holding unit that engages with the non-rotating portion, and the first holding unit is The third holding part is connected to the third holding part so as to be rotatable about an axis orthogonal to the main axis, and the third holding part is rotatable about the axis of the main axis with respect to the fourth holding part. The attitude adjusting mechanism is connected to the second holding unit by changing the rotation position of the first holding unit around the axis orthogonal to the main axis with respect to the third holding unit. The first holding part is adjusted by adjusting an inclination angle with respect to the holding part, and the rotational position adjusting mechanism changes a rotational position of the third holding part around the axis of the main shaft with respect to the fourth holding part. The rotational position of the main shaft around the axis is adjusted.

  Preferably, the posture adjusting mechanism includes a support shaft that rotatably supports the first holding portion and the second holding portion around an axis orthogonal to the main shaft, and a first holding portion. A plurality of first screw holes provided along a circumference centered on the support shaft, and the second holding portion provided on the same circumference as the plurality of first screw holes. A first hole, and a first bolt that fits into the first hole and is screwed into the first screw hole.

  Preferably, the rotational position adjusting mechanism includes a plurality of second screw holes provided in a circumference around the axis in the third holding part, and the plurality of screw holes in the second holding part. A second hole provided along the same circumference as the second screw hole, and a second bolt fitted into the second hole and screwed into the second screw hole. Have

  The tool holder of the present invention is a tool holder that rotatably holds a processing tool for processing a workpiece and is detachably attached to a main shaft of a machine tool main body, the electric motor for rotating the processing tool, and the processing tool A first holding portion that holds the electric motor in a rotatable manner, a mounting portion that is mounted on the main shaft, and a rotational force transmitted from the main shaft via the mounting portion to drive the electric motor. A generator for generating electric power, a second holding part that rotatably holds the mounting part, and that holds the generator and engages with a non-rotating part of the machine tool, and the first A posture adjusting mechanism that connects the first holding unit and the second holding unit so that an inclination angle of the holding unit with respect to the second holding unit can be adjusted;

  A machine tool according to the present invention includes a main body, a driving unit that drives the main shaft, a machine tool body that includes at least one control shaft that changes a relative position between the main shaft and a workpiece, and the driving unit and the control shaft. A control device that drives and controls according to a machining program; and a tool that is detachably mounted on a main spindle of the machine tool body. The tool has a machining tool for machining a workpiece, and an output shaft for the machining tool. An electric motor that is connected to rotate the processing tool, a first holding portion that holds the processing tool and the electric motor, a mounting portion that is mounted on the main shaft, and a rotational force from the main shaft via the mounting portion. A generator that generates electric power that is transmitted to drive the electric motor, and a second holding that rotatably holds the mounting portion and that holds the generator and engages a non-rotating portion of the machine tool And the first Having said inclination angle with respect to the second holding portion of the holding portion adjustably first holding portion and the second holding portion and the connecting posture adjusting mechanism.

In the present invention, when the main shaft rotates, the generator generates electricity. The electric power generated by the generator is supplied to the electric motor, and the processing tool is driven by the electric motor. The rotation speed of the tool is changed with respect to the rotation speed of the main shaft according to the characteristics of the generator and the motor.
Moreover, in this invention, since the attitude | position with respect to the main axis | shaft of a processing tool can be changed, ie, the attitude | position of the processing tool with respect to a workpiece | work can be changed, it can respond to a various process. Furthermore, when the posture of the processing tool is changed, the posture of the electric motor also changes, so that a transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotational force to the processing tool is not necessary.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a machining center as an example of a machine tool to which the present invention is applied. The machining center is a numerically controlled machine tool capable of so-called complex machining.

  In FIG. 1, the machining center 1 includes a cross rail 37 that is supported movably at both ends by respective shafts of a portal column 38, and a saddle 44 that is movably supported on the cross rail 37. A ram 45 is provided to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction).

A screw portion (not shown) is formed in the saddle 44 through the inside of the cross rail 37 in the horizontal direction, and a feed shaft 41 having a screw portion formed on the outer periphery thereof is screwed to the saddle 44.
A servo motor 19 is connected to one end of the feed shaft 41, and the feed shaft 41 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 19.

By the rotational drive of the feed shaft 41, the saddle 44 can be moved in the Y-axis direction, whereby the ram 45 is moved and positioned in the Y-axis direction.
Further, the saddle 44 is formed with a thread portion (not shown) in the vertical direction, and a feed shaft 42 having a thread portion formed on the outer periphery thereof is screwed into the saddle 44. A servo motor 20 is connected to the end of the feed shaft 42.

The feed shaft 42 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 20, whereby the ram 45 movably provided on the saddle 44 is moved and positioned in the Z-axis direction.
A main shaft motor 31 is built in the ram 45, and the main shaft motor 31 rotationally drives a main shaft 46 held rotatably by the ram 45.
A tool T such as an end mill is attached to the tip of the main shaft 46, and the tool T is driven by the rotation of the main shaft 46.

  A table 35 is provided below the ram 45 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. A screw portion (not shown) is formed on the table 35, and a feed shaft (not shown) provided along the X-axis direction is screwed to the table 35, and the servo motor 18 is connected to the feed shaft (not shown). Yes.

The table 35 is moved and positioned in the X-axis direction by the rotational drive of the servo motor 18.
The two portal columns 38 are respectively formed with screw portions (not shown), and the cross rail 37 is moved up and down by rotationally driving a feed shaft 32a screwed to the gate column 38 by a cross rail lifting motor 32. .

An automatic tool changer (ATC) 39 automatically changes various tools T with respect to the main shaft 46.
The automatic tool changer 39 stores, for example, various tools T held by a tool holder in a magazine (not shown), and stores the tool T mounted on the spindle 46 in the magazine by a tool change arm (not shown). A simple tool T is mounted on the spindle 46 by a tool changing arm.

The numerical controller 51 performs drive control of the servo motors 18, 19, 20, the cross rail lifting / lowering motor 32 and the spindle motor 31.
Specifically, the numerical controller 51 performs position and speed control between the tool T and the workpiece by the servo motors 18, 19, and 20 in accordance with a workpiece machining procedure defined in advance by a machining program. Further, the numerical control device 51 controls the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 by decoding the rotational speed of the main shaft 31 defined by the S code in the machining program, for example.

  Further, the numerical control device 51 performs automatic exchange of various tools T by decoding the operation of exchanging the tool T defined by the M code in the machining program, for example.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of the tool according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view of the tool shown in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tool shown in FIG. 2 in the AA line direction.
As shown in FIG. 2, the tool 60 includes a cutting tool 100 and a tool holder 61 that holds the cutting tool 100. The cutting tool 100 is an embodiment of the processing tool of the present invention.

  The tool holder 61 includes a first holding part 65, a second holding part 85, and a mounting part 62. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the tool holder 61 includes an electric motor 180 built in the first holding unit 65.

  The mounting portion 62 includes a gripping portion 62a to be gripped, a taper shank 62b to be mounted on the taper sleeve 46a formed at the tip of the main shaft 46, and a pull stud 62c formed at the tip of the taper shank 62b. And a shaft portion 62d.

The gripping part 62a of the mounting part 62 is transported from the magazine of the automatic tool changer 39 to the spindle 46 by the tool changer arm of the automatic tool changer 39 and from the spindle 46 to the magazine of the automatic tool changer 39. It is gripped when it is done.
The taper shank 62 b of the mounting portion 62 is mounted on the taper sleeve 46 a of the main shaft 46 so that the central axis is concentric with the central axis of the main shaft 46.
When the mounting portion 62 is mounted on the tapered sleeve 46 a of the main shaft 46, the pull stud 62 c of the mounting portion 62 is clamped by a collet of a clamp mechanism (not shown) built in the main shaft 46. The clamping mechanism built in the main shaft 46 is a well-known technique and will not be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 4, the shaft portion 62 d of the mounting portion 62 is rotatably held by a plurality of rolling bearings BR provided in the second holding portion 85.

As shown in FIG. 4, the first holding part 65 has a holding member 66 having a through hole 66b and a receiving hole 66h communicating with the through hole 66b. Both side portions 66a on the upper end side of the holding member 66 are arranged in parallel to each other.
The holding member 66 is supported by support shafts 98 provided on both side portions 66a, respectively, and can pivot about the support shaft 98.

  An electric motor 180 is fixed in the accommodation hole 66 h of the holding member 66. A rotary shaft 68 is rotatably held in the through hole 66b via a bearing BR. One end of the rotary shaft 68 is connected to the output shaft 181 of the electric motor 180 by a coupling 69.

The other end of the rotating shaft 68 passes through a retaining member 71 that prevents the bearing BR from falling off the holding member 66, and a chucking member 70 is fixed to the tip.
The chucking member 70 chucks the cutting tool 100 made of, for example, a drill or an end mill.

  The upper end side of the holding hole 66 h of the holding member 66 is open, and this opening is closed by the cap 105. The cap 105 prevents oil and coolant used during cutting from entering the accommodation hole 66h.

As shown in FIG. 4, the second holding portion 85 includes a first member 95, a second member 86 (third holding portion), and a third member 90 (fourth holding portion).
The first member 95 includes a disk-shaped portion 95b, a fitting portion 95c formed in an annular shape on the upper surface side of the disk-shaped portion 95b, and a support portion 95a extending in parallel to the lower surface side of the disk-shaped portion 95b. Have.
Each support part 95a is provided so that it may become a space | interval substantially equal to the width | variety between the both sides 66a of the holding member 66, and has pinched | interposed the both sides 66a from the outer side.
Each of the support portions 95a is provided with the support shaft 98 described above.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the second member 86 is formed of a cylindrical member having a flange portion 85 a on the upper end side, and the fitting portion 95 c of the first member 95 is formed on the inner periphery of the lower end portion of the second member 86. It is mated. The fitting part 95c of the 2nd member 86 and the 1st member 95 is being fixed by fastening members, such as a volt | bolt, for example.

As shown in FIG. 4, a flange member 87 is fitted to the inner periphery of the second member 86 and is fixed by a fastening member such as a bolt. A generator 170 is fixed to the lower surface side of the flange member 87.
In this generator 170, the input shaft 171 is connected to the shaft portion 62 d of the mounting portion 62.

As shown in FIG. 4, the third member 90 is made of a cylindrical member and has an insertion hole 90 d into which the shaft portion 62 d of the mounting portion 62 is inserted on the upper end side. Further, the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 90 c is fitted to the inner periphery of the second member 86. For this reason, the second member 86 is rotatable with respect to the third member 90.
The inner periphery of the third member 90 rotatably holds the shaft portion 62d of the mounting portion 62 via a plurality of bearings BR. The plurality of bearings BR are prevented from being detached by a retaining member 88 fixed to the lower end side of the third member 90.
The flange portion 90 b of the third member 90 is connected to the flange portion 85 a of the second member 85 by a plurality of bolts 121.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a detent pin 91 is provided at one end 90 a of the third member 90 so as to protrude toward the mounting portion 62. When the mounting portion 62 is mounted on the tapered sleeve 46a of the main shaft 46, the rotation preventing pin 91 is inserted into a fitting hole 47a formed in the non-rotating portion 47 such as the ram 45 on the main shaft 46 side. The
Accordingly, the rotation of the third member 90, that is, the second holding portion 85 and the first holding portion 65 is restricted even if the main shaft 46 rotates.

Posture Adjustment Mechanism The first holding portion 65 described above is connected to the second holding portion 85 so that the posture can be changed.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing the structure of both side portions 66 a of the holding member 66 of the first holding portion 65.
As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of positioning screw holes 67 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the support shaft 98 on both side portions 66 a of the holding member 66. For example, the screw holes 67 are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees around the support shaft 98. The interval between the screw holes 67 is the minimum adjustment angle for adjusting the posture of the first holding portion 65 relative to the second holding portion 85, and the posture can be finely adjusted as the interval between the screw holes 67 is reduced.
The plurality of (four) bolts 99 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are screwed into the screw hole 67, whereby the first holding part 65 and the second holding part 85 are connected. After the bolt 99 is removed and the inclination angle of the first holding portion 65 with respect to the second holding portion 85 is adjusted, the bolt 99 is fastened again, thereby adjusting the posture of the first holding portion 65 in the direction indicated by the arrow S in FIG. It can be performed.

Rotation Position Adjustment Mechanism The second member 86 and the third member 90 of the second holding portion 85 described above are coupled so that the rotation position of the first holding portion 65 around the main shaft 46 can be changed.
6 is a side view showing the configuration of the flange portion 90b of the third member 90. As shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of positioning screw holes 90h are formed in the flange portion 90b at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. For example, the screw holes 67 are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees around the support shaft 98. The interval between the screw holes 90h is the minimum adjustment angle when adjusting the rotational position of the first holding portion 65 around the main shaft 46.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a plurality of (four) bolts 121 are screwed into the screw hole 90 h, thereby connecting the second member 86 and the third member 90.
The bolt 121 is removed, the second member 86 is rotated with respect to the third member 90, the relative rotational position between the third member 90 and the second member 86 is determined, and the bolt 121 is fastened again. The rotational position around the axis of the main shaft 46 of the first holding portion 65 indicated by R can be adjusted.

  In the generator 170, the input shaft 171 is connected concentrically with the shaft portion 62 d of the mounting portion 62, and the rotational force of the main shaft 46 is input to the generator via the mounting portion 62. As this generator 170, for example, a three-phase synchronous generator is used.

  The electric motor 180 is supplied with the electric power generated by the generator 170. The generator 80 is driven by electric power supplied from the generator 70. As the electric motor 180, for example, a three-phase induction motor is used.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a connection state between the generator 170 and the motor 180 when a three-phase synchronous generator is used for the generator 170 and a three-phase induction motor is used for the motor 180.
As shown in FIG. 7, the electric motor 180 and the generator 170 are connected by three conductive cables Wx, Wy, and Wz. The motor 180 is supplied with three-phase alternating current generated by the generator 170.

Next, an example of operation | movement of the tool 60 of the said structure is demonstrated.
When the tool holder 61 holding the cutting tool 100 is mounted on the main shaft 46 of the machining center 1, when the main shaft 46 is rotated at the rotation speed N ₀ , the mounting portion 62 of the tool holder 61 rotates, and the rotational force of the main shaft 46 is increased. It is transmitted to the generator 170.
At this time, since the locking pin 91 is inserted into the fitting hole 47a formed in the non-rotating portion 47 such as the ram 45, only the mounting portion 62 of the tool holder 61 rotates.

  Thereby, the generator 170 generates electric power. When a three-phase synchronous generator is used as the generator 170, three-phase alternating current is generated.

The frequency f of the three-phase alternating current generated by the generator 170 is expressed by the following equation (1), where P ₁ is the number of poles of the generator 170 and N ₀ [rpm] is the rotational speed of the main shaft 46.

_{f = P 1 × N 0/} 120 [Hz] ... (1)

Therefore, when the main shaft 46 is rotated at the rotation speed N ₀ , the three-phase AC power having the frequency f expressed by the above equation (1) is supplied to the motor 180.
In the case of using the three-phase induction motor to the motor 180, the number of poles of the motor 180 is to P _2, the synchronous speed of the motor 180 from be 2 / P ₂ rotate in one cycle of the three-phase AC electric motor 180 N ₁ is represented by the following formula (2).

N ₁ = 120 × f / P ₂ [rpm] (2)

Thus, the rotational speed N ₁ of the tool with respect to the rotational speed N ₀ of the spindle 46 is represented by the following formula (3).

N ₁ = N ₀ × P ₁ / P ₂ [rpm] (3)

As can be seen from the equation (3), the rotational speed N ₀ of the main shaft 46 is shifted to the rotational speed N ₁ represented by the above formula (3).
As shown by the equation (3), by appropriately setting the ratio between the number of poles P ₁ of the generator 170 and the number of poles P ₂ of the electric motor 180, the rotation speed N ₁ of the tool with respect to the rotation speed N ₀ of the main shaft 46 can be reduced. It can be seen that the speed ratio is arbitrarily set.
That is, when it is desired to increase the rotational speed N ₀ of the main shaft 46, the pole number ratio P ₁ / P ₂ is made larger than 1, and when it is desired to decelerate, the pole number ratio P ₁ / P ₂ is made smaller than 1. Thus, the number of poles P ₁ of the generator 170 and the number of poles P ₂ of the electric motor 180 may be selected in advance.

Next, an example of a workpiece machining method using the tool 60 having the above configuration will be described.
For example, when cutting a workpiece such as a mold, it is often necessary to change the posture of the cutting tool 100 with respect to the workpiece.
On the other hand, the control axis of the machining center 1 is limited, and the posture of the cutting tool 100 with respect to the workpiece may not be changed only by control of the control axis.

Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the first holding portion 65 of the tool 60 having the above-described configuration is rotated by a predetermined angle, for example, 90 degrees with respect to the second holding portion 85, or the first holding A plurality of parts in which the rotational position of the part 65 in the direction of the arrow R is appropriately adjusted are prepared in advance.
That is, the tool 60 whose posture and rotational position are appropriately adjusted according to the workpiece machining conditions is stored in advance in the magazine of the automatic tool changer 39 of the machining center 1.

Further, when machining a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material such as an aluminum alloy material, it may be desired to make the rotational speed of the cutting tool 100 higher than the maximum rotational speed Nmax of the main shaft 46.
For such a case, a three-phase synchronous generator and a three-phase induction motor in which the pole number ratio P ₁ / P ₂ is 10 are incorporated so that the speed increasing ratio of the tool 60 is 10, for example. The processed material is stored in advance in a magazine of the automatic tool changer 39 of the machining center 1.

Next, the automatic tool changer 39 automatically attaches the necessary tool 60 among the plurality of tools 60 to the main shaft 46 in the same manner as a normal tool. The normal tool is a tool in which a cutting tool is clamped on a tool holder.
The main shaft 46 is rotated by driving the main shaft motor 31, and the rotational speed of the blade 100 held by the tool holder 61 is controlled by the rotational speed of the main shaft 46. That is, in the machining program downloaded to the numerical control device 51, the rotational speed of the cutting tool 100 held by the tool holder 61 is specified by designating the rotational speed of the main spindle 46 with an S code.

For example, when it is desired to rotate the cutting tool 100 held by the tool holder 61 at 30000 rpm, a tool 60 incorporating a three-phase synchronous generator and a three-phase induction motor having a pole number ratio P ₁ / P ₂ of 10 is used. It is mounted on the main shaft 46, and the number of rotations of the main shaft 46 is designated as 3000 rpm by the S code in the machining program.
When the main shaft 46 is rotated at 3000 rpm, the generator 170 generates a three-phase alternating current having a frequency corresponding to the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 and the number of poles P ₁ .
The electric motor 180 is driven by the three-phase alternating current supplied from the generator 170, and the cutting tool 100 held by the tool holder 61 rotates at a rotational speed of approximately 30000 rpm.

In the state where the cutting tool 100 is accelerated as described above, the work is cut by moving the work fixed to the table 35 and the cutting tool 100 (main shaft 46) in accordance with the machining program.
Thereby, even when the machining center 1 in which the maximum rotation speed Nmax of the main shaft is limited is used, high-speed machining of a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material such as an aluminum alloy material is possible.

Further, when machining the workpiece, the tool 60 whose posture of the cutting tool 100 is adjusted is appropriately selected according to the inclination angle of the work surface of the workpiece, and automatically mounted on the spindle 46 by the automatic tool changer 39. .
Thereby, for example, even if the work surface of the workpiece has a complicated shape, it can be easily handled by appropriately selecting the tool 60.
That is, according to the present embodiment, in the machining center 1 with a limited number of control axes, the machining center 1 can be processed without any modification of the machining center 1 by using the tool 60 that can arbitrarily adjust the posture of the cutting tool 100. The possible range can be greatly expanded.

  Further, according to this embodiment, the generator 170 and the electric motor 180 are built in the tool 60 that is unitized in the same way as a normal tool, and the blade 100 is directly attached by the electric motor 180 driven by the electric power generated by the electric generator 170. Therefore, the heat generation is increased as in the gear device, and the vibration is not generated and the processing accuracy is prevented from being lowered.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since it changes using the generator 170 and the electric motor 180, cost reduction is possible rather than using the transmission mechanism by meshing, such as a gear apparatus, and a noise can also be suppressed.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the tool 60 can be freely attached to and detached from the main shaft 46 and can be replaced in the same manner as a normal tool by the automatic tool changer 39, so that the tool can be changed quickly. Can do.

Moreover, according to this embodiment, since the blade 100 is driven by the electric power generated by the rotation of the main shaft 46, it is not necessary to supply a driving current from the outside, and as a result, connection for power supply is not necessary.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the three-phase synchronous generator is used as the generator 170 and the three-phase induction motor is used as the motor 180, the rotational speed of the blade 100 held by the tool holder 61 is set to the rotation of the main shaft 46. It can be easily controlled by the number. That is, the three-phase synchronous generator generates a voltage having a frequency that is exactly proportional to the rotational speed of the main shaft 46, and the three-phase induction motor drives the tool at a rotational speed that is proportional to this frequency. And the rotation speed of the blade 100 can be easily and accurately controlled by the pole number ratio between the three-phase synchronous generator and the three-phase induction motor.

  Further, since the motor 180 does not require a position detection element for detecting the rotational position of the rotor, no wiring is required between the numerical controller 51 and the tool holder 61, and the tool 60 is completely independent from the spindle 46. And can be handled in exactly the same way as a normal tool.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the aluminum alloy material is applied to high-speed machining has been described. However, the present invention is applicable to any machining that needs to increase the rotational speed of the main shaft 46. . For example, the present invention can be applied to various difficult-to-cut materials such as cemented carbide, glass, ceramics and the like.
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 is increased has been described. However, the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 can be decreased. In this case, a torque larger than that of the main shaft 46 can be applied to the cutting tool 100.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where a three-phase synchronous generator is used as the generator 170 and a three-phase induction motor is used as the motor 180 has been described. However, this is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of managing the rotational speed of the blade 100. For example, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 is changed by a combination of a DC generator and a DC motor. That is, since the rotational speed of the DC motor is determined by the voltage and load supplied from the DC generator, it is difficult to directly control the rotational speed of the cutting tool 100 from the rotational speed of the main shaft 46. By measuring the output characteristics and load characteristics of the DC generator, it is possible to shift the rotational speed of the main shaft 46 at a constant speed increase ratio or speed reduction ratio by a combination of the DC power generator and the DC motor. . It is also possible to use other types of generators and motors.

1 is a configuration diagram of a machining center as an example of a machine tool to which the present invention is applied. It is a front view which shows the structure of the tool which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a side view of the tool shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the AA line direction of the tool shown in FIG. 7 is a side view showing the structure of both side portions 66a of the holding member 66 of the first holding portion 65. FIG. FIG. 6 is a side view showing a configuration of a flange portion 90b of a third member 90. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a connection state between the generator 170 and the motor 180 when a three-phase synchronous generator is used for the generator 170 and a three-phase induction motor is used for the motor 180. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the posture of the first holding unit 65 of the tool 60 is adjusted with respect to the second holding unit 85.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machining center 31 ... Main shaft motor 39 ... Automatic tool changer 46 ... Main shaft 51 ... NC device 60 ... Tool 61 ... Tool holder 62 ... Mounting part 65 ... First holding part 66 ... Holding member 70 ... Chucking member 85 ... Second Holding part 95 ... 1st member 86 ... 2nd member (3rd holding part)
90 ... 3rd member (4th holding | maintenance part)
95 ... Tool mounting part 100 ... Cutting tool 170 ... Generator 171 ... Input shaft 180 ... Electric motor 181 ... Output shaft

Claims (7)

A tool that is detachably attached to a spindle of a machine tool,
A processing tool for processing the workpiece;
An output shaft connected to the processing tool, and an electric motor for rotating the processing tool;
A first holding unit for holding the processing tool and the electric motor;
A mounting portion mounted on the main shaft;
A generator that generates a power to which a rotational force is transmitted from the main shaft through the mounting portion and drives the motor;
A second holding portion that holds the mounting portion rotatably, holds the generator, and engages with a non-rotating portion of the machine tool;
A tool having an attitude adjustment mechanism that connects the first holding part and the second holding part so that an inclination angle of the first holding part with respect to the second holding part can be adjusted. The tool according to claim 1, further comprising a rotational position adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting a rotational position of the first holding portion around the axis of the main shaft. The second holding part is
A third holding unit for holding the generator;
A fourth holding part that engages with the non-rotating part,
The first holding part is connected to the third holding part so as to be rotatable around an axis orthogonal to the main axis,
The third holding unit is coupled to the fourth holding unit so as to be rotatable about the axis of the main shaft,
The posture adjusting mechanism changes the rotational position of the first holding unit relative to the second holding unit with respect to the third holding unit by changing a rotational position of the first holding unit around an axis orthogonal to the main axis. Adjust the tilt angle,
The rotation position adjusting mechanism is configured to change a rotation position of the third holding portion around the axis of the main shaft with respect to the fourth holding portion, thereby changing a rotation position of the first holding portion around the axis of the main shaft. The tool according to claim 2. The posture adjustment mechanism is
A support shaft that rotatably supports the first holding portion and the second holding portion around an axis orthogonal to the main shaft;
A plurality of first screw holes provided in the first holding portion along a circumference around the support shaft;
A first hole provided in the second holding portion along the same circumference as the plurality of first screw holes;
The tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a first bolt that fits into the first hole and is screwed into the first screw hole. The rotational position adjusting mechanism is
A plurality of second screw holes provided in the third holding portion along a circumference centered on the axis;
A second hole provided in the second holding portion along the same circumference as the plurality of second screw holes;
The tool according to claim 3, further comprising: a second bolt that fits into the second hole portion and is screwed into the second screw hole. A tool holder that rotatably holds a processing tool for processing a workpiece and is detachably attached to a main spindle of a machine tool body.
An electric motor for rotating the processing tool;
A first holding unit for holding the processing tool rotatably and holding the electric motor;
A mounting portion mounted on the main shaft;
A generator that generates a power to which a rotational force is transmitted from the main shaft through the mounting portion and drives the motor;
A second holding portion that holds the mounting portion rotatably, holds the generator, and engages with a non-rotating portion of the machine tool;
A tool holder comprising: a posture adjusting mechanism that connects the first holding unit and the second holding unit so that an inclination angle of the first holding unit with respect to the second holding unit can be adjusted. A machine tool body comprising a main shaft, drive means for driving the main shaft, and at least one control shaft for changing the relative position of the main shaft and the workpiece;
A control device for driving and controlling the driving means and the control shaft according to a machining program;
A tool removably attached to the spindle of the machine tool body,
The tool includes a processing tool for processing a workpiece,
An output shaft connected to the processing tool, and an electric motor for rotating the processing tool;
A first holding unit for holding the processing tool and the electric motor;
A mounting portion mounted on the main shaft;
A generator that generates a power to which a rotational force is transmitted from the main shaft through the mounting portion and drives the motor;
A second holding portion that holds the mounting portion rotatably, holds the generator, and engages with a non-rotating portion of the machine tool;
A machine tool comprising: an attitude adjustment mechanism that connects the first holding unit and the second holding unit so that an inclination angle of the first holding unit with respect to the second holding unit can be adjusted.

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