JP2006293411A - Two-component developer and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Two-component developer and image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2006293411A
JP2006293411A JP2006212252A JP2006212252A JP2006293411A JP 2006293411 A JP2006293411 A JP 2006293411A JP 2006212252 A JP2006212252 A JP 2006212252A JP 2006212252 A JP2006212252 A JP 2006212252A JP 2006293411 A JP2006293411 A JP 2006293411A
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toner
component developer
circularity
copolymer
transfer
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JP4162689B2 (en
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Masanori Suzuki
政則 鈴木
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic two-component developer having high transferring property and a long life. <P>SOLUTION: The two-component developer comprising carrier and toner is characterized in that the toner has a ≤50% content of toner particles having a circularity (SF) represented by the following formula (1) and manufactured by a pulverizing method in the whole toner. (1):toner circularity (SF)=[toner area/(circumference length of toner)<SP>2</SP>]×4π<0.95. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は電子写真法、静電印刷方法などで用いられる二成分現像剤及び画像形成装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a two-component developer and an image forming apparatus used in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, and the like.

電子写真法、静電印刷法、静電記録法等で形成される静電荷像は乾式法の場合、一般にバインダー樹脂及び着色剤を主成分とする乾式トナーで現像した後、コピー紙上に転写・定着される。この時用いられる乾式トナーは、粉砕法により製造されている場合、形状が角ばっており不定形であるため球形のトナーと比べると、感光体との接点が多く存在し、感光体より離れにくいため前述の転写工程において、現像されたトナーの全ては転写されず、感光体上に残ったまま、次工程のクリーニング工程において回収されることになる。   In the case of a dry process, an electrostatic image formed by electrophotography, electrostatic printing, electrostatic recording, etc. is generally developed with a dry toner mainly composed of a binder resin and a colorant, and then transferred onto a copy paper. It is fixed. When the dry toner used at this time is manufactured by a pulverization method, it has an irregular shape and has an irregular shape. Therefore, compared to a spherical toner, there are many contact points with the photoconductor, and it is difficult to separate from the photoconductor. Therefore, in the transfer process described above, all of the developed toner is not transferred and is collected in the next cleaning process while remaining on the photoconductor.

ところで近年、経済性、メンテナンスフリーという観点、及び環境保護による廃棄処理の関係から廃トナーレスの機械が切望されおり、これまで複写機内でのリサイクルシステムを構築し対応を行っているが、そのシステムを構築するには複写機内においてある程度のスペースが必要とされ、最近のダウンサイジングの傾向からより小型、軽量の機種が切望されており、その点では、トナーの転写率をアップさせることによる対応を図り、できる限り廃トナーを無くすか、簡便なリサイクルシステムを構築する方法が最も適当であると考えられる。このため、理想的には100%の転写率が得られれば、リサイクルシステムは必要のない事になる。しかしその一方で、市場における高画質化の要請から、トナーの粒径は年々小さくなる方法にあり、小粒径化によりトナー自体の比表面積も大きくなる事から、感光体とトナーの付着力も大きくなり、感光体からトナーがはがれにくくなり、転写されにくい方法に向かっているといえる。   By the way, in recent years, waste tonerless machines have been eagerly desired from the viewpoints of economy, maintenance-free, and disposal due to environmental protection, and so far, a recycling system in a copier has been established and handled. A certain amount of space is required in the copier, and the smaller downsizing and lighter models are eagerly desired due to the recent downsizing trend. In this respect, measures can be taken by increasing the toner transfer rate. Therefore, it is considered that the most appropriate method is to eliminate waste toner as much as possible or to construct a simple recycling system. For this reason, if a transfer rate of 100% is ideally obtained, a recycling system is not necessary. However, on the other hand, due to the demand for higher image quality in the market, there is a method in which the particle size of the toner is reduced year by year, and since the specific surface area of the toner itself is increased by reducing the particle size, the adhesion between the photoreceptor and the toner is also reduced. It can be said that the toner is becoming larger and the toner is less likely to be peeled off from the photoconductor, and is not easily transferred.

また、特開昭59−46664号公報に見られるように、静電荷保持体表面に形成したトナー像を紙を主とするシート等の転写材に静電的に転写する工程を含む画像形成装置において、回転円筒状、無端ベルト状などの静電荷保持体を使用し、バスアスを印加した転写装置をこれに圧接してこれら両者間に転写材を通過させることで、電界により静電荷保持体上のトナーを転写材に転写させる装置が既に提案されている。このような装置は、従来から使用されているコロナ放電を用いた転写装置に比べて、転写材と静電荷保持体を圧接しながら転写するので、静電荷保持体と転写材の密着性がとりやすく、質のよい転写像が得られやすい。   Also, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-46664, an image forming apparatus including a step of electrostatically transferring a toner image formed on the surface of an electrostatic charge holding member to a transfer material such as a sheet mainly made of paper In this case, an electrostatic charge holding body such as a rotating cylindrical shape or an endless belt is used, and a transfer device to which bath ass is applied is pressed against this to allow the transfer material to pass between them. An apparatus for transferring the toner to a transfer material has already been proposed. Such an apparatus performs transfer while pressing the transfer material and the electrostatic charge holding member in pressure contact with a transfer device using corona discharge, which has been conventionally used. Therefore, the adhesion between the electrostatic charge holding member and the transfer material is improved. It is easy to obtain a high-quality transfer image.

しかし、当接圧が加えられた場合、静電荷保持体上のトナー像にも圧力が加わり凝集が起こり、トナーと静電荷保持体との間でも密着が発生し、極端な場合には、密着が強固な部分は転写されない現象が起こる。この現象は特に、ライン画像で顕著に見られ、中心部が転写されない「中抜け現像」と呼ばれ、問題視されており、特に、最近の高画質化の要求に対しては、この問題が大きく取り上げられ、その解決が切望されている。このような問題に対して、特開平4−27443号公報には、磁性トナーに限定はされているが、トナーと静電荷保持体との間にスペーサー粒子として働くような特定の樹脂微粒子を添加し、トナーの凝集による静電荷保持体への密着を防ぐ方法が既に提案されている。
特開昭59−46664号公報 特開平4−27443号公報
However, when contact pressure is applied, pressure is also applied to the toner image on the electrostatic charge holding member to cause aggregation, and adhesion occurs between the toner and the electrostatic charge holding member. However, a phenomenon occurs in which the solid portion is not transferred. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in line images, and is called “development development” where the central portion is not transferred, and has been regarded as a problem. It is greatly taken up and the solution is anxious. In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-27443 is limited to magnetic toners, but specific resin fine particles that act as spacer particles are added between the toner and the electrostatic charge holding member. However, a method for preventing adhesion to the electrostatic charge holding member due to toner aggregation has already been proposed.
JP 59-46664 A JP-A-4-27443

本発明の第一の目的は、転写性が良好で、現像剤中で用いた時に高寿命が得られ、経時使用においても初期画像の忠実な再現性が良好な二成分現像剤を提供することである。本発明の第二の目的は、転写効率が高く、転写中抜けがなく、現像剤として用いた時に高寿命が得られ、経時使用においても初期画像の忠実な再現性が良好な画像形成装置を提供することである。   The first object of the present invention is to provide a two-component developer having good transferability, a long life when used in a developer, and good faithful reproducibility of an initial image even when used over time. It is. The second object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus having high transfer efficiency, no transfer loss, a long life when used as a developer, and good faithful reproducibility of the initial image even when used over time. Is to provide.

本発明者は、静電荷像現像用トナーについて鋭意検討を重ねてきた結果、後記の円形度が一定値以下の粉砕法で得られたトナー量を規定することによって前記課題が達成できることを見いだした。本発明はそれに基づいてなされたものである。   As a result of intensive studies on the toner for developing an electrostatic image, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problem can be achieved by defining the amount of toner obtained by a pulverization method in which the circularity described later has a certain value or less. . The present invention has been made based on this.

本発明によれば、第一に、キャリアとトナーよりなる二成分現像剤において、前記トナーは粉砕法で製造されたトナーであって、下記式(1)で表される円形度(SF)を有するトナー粒子の全トナー中の含有率が50%以下であることを特徴とする二成分現像剤が提供される。   According to the present invention, first, in a two-component developer comprising a carrier and a toner, the toner is a toner manufactured by a pulverization method, and has a circularity (SF) represented by the following formula (1). A two-component developer is provided in which the content of the toner particles in the toner is 50% or less.

トナー円形度(SF)=[トナー面積/(トナー周囲長)2]×4π<0.95 …(1)
第二に、上記第一において前記トナーは体積平均粒径が5〜9μmである二成分現像剤が提供される。第三に、上記第一、第二において、体積平均粒径3μm以下のトナー粒子含有率(個数)が10%以下である二成分現像剤が提供される。
Toner circularity (SF) = [toner area / (toner circumference) 2 ] × 4π <0.95 (1)
Second, in the first aspect, a two-component developer having a volume average particle diameter of 5 to 9 μm is provided. Thirdly, in the first and second aspects, a two-component developer is provided in which the content (number) of toner particles having a volume average particle size of 3 μm or less is 10% or less.

また本発明によれば、第四に、静電荷保持体の一部に転写材を介して転写手段を当接させ、該転写材の表面にトナー像を静電転写する二成分現像方式の画像形成装置において、現像剤はキャリアとトナーを含有し、前記トナーは粉砕法で製造されたトナーであって、上記式(1)で表される円形度を有するトナー粒子の全トナー中の含有率が45%以下のトナーを使用することを特徴とする画像形成装置が提供される。   According to the present invention, fourthly, an image of a two-component development system in which a transfer means is brought into contact with a part of the electrostatic charge holding member via a transfer material, and a toner image is electrostatically transferred onto the surface of the transfer material. In the forming apparatus, the developer contains a carrier and a toner, and the toner is a toner produced by a pulverization method, and the content of toner particles having a circularity represented by the above formula (1) in the total toner An image forming apparatus using 45% or less of toner is provided.

本発明において、トナー円形度(SF)=[トナー面積/(トナー周囲長)2]・4πで定義されるトナー円形度(SF)はトナーの周囲の形状の複雑さを表す形状指数で、トナーの周囲の形状が滑らかで、形状が円に近ければ近いほど1.00に近づくものである。この円形度は、例えばフロー式粒子像分析装置(FPIA−1000、東亜医用電子社製)を用いて測定することができる。 In the present invention, the toner circularity (SF) defined by the toner circularity (SF) = [toner area / (toner peripheral length) 2 ] · 4π is a shape index representing the complexity of the shape around the toner. The shape of the surrounding area is smoother, and the closer the shape is to a circle, the closer it is to 1.00. This circularity can be measured using, for example, a flow type particle image analyzer (FPIA-1000, manufactured by Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.).

請求項1、2又は3記載のような特定のトナーを現像剤中で使用することによって、転写が良好で、現像剤中で用いた時に高寿命が得られ、経時使用においても初期画像の忠実な再現性が良好な静電潜像現像用トナーを得ることができる。また請求項4記載のような特定のトナーを現像剤中に使用することによって、転写効率が高く、転写中抜けがなく、現像剤として用いた時に高寿命が得られ、経時使用においても初期画像の忠実な再現性が良好な静電潜像現像用トナーが得られる。   Use of the specific toner as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 in the developer provides good transfer, a long life when used in the developer, and faithfulness of the initial image even when used over time. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image with good reproducibility can be obtained. Further, by using the specific toner as described in claim 4 in the developer, the transfer efficiency is high, the transfer is not lost, and a long life is obtained when used as a developer. Thus, a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image having good faithful reproducibility can be obtained.

以下、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。本発明においては、全トナー中、上記式(数1)を満たすトナーの割合が50%より小さいときは、トナー形状が円(球)に近く、静電荷保持体との接点が減少し、転写効率が上昇し、また現像剤の寿命もキャリア表面へのトナーの融着現象、所謂スペント現象が発生しにくいため上昇することが判明した。このことは、50%が転写効率の分極点になっていると考えられる。この時のトナー測定サンプル数としては、800個以上であれば安定したデータを得ることが出来るが、好ましくは1000個以上あればより良い。トナー測定サンプル数が800個よりすくない場合においては、2つの転写特性に差があるトナー間の差の値が小さくなり、また、繰り返し精度の点で若干の低下が見られるように見出した。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In the present invention, when the ratio of the toner satisfying the above formula (Equation 1) in all the toners is smaller than 50%, the toner shape is close to a circle (sphere), and the number of contacts with the electrostatic charge holding member is reduced. It has been found that the efficiency increases and the life of the developer also increases because the phenomenon of toner fusion to the carrier surface, that is, the so-called spent phenomenon hardly occurs. This is considered that 50% is the polarization point of the transfer efficiency. If the number of toner measurement samples at this time is 800 or more, stable data can be obtained, but preferably 1000 or more is better. It has been found that when the number of toner measurement samples is less than 800, the difference value between the two toners having different transfer characteristics is small, and a slight decrease in repeatability is observed.

もっとも、表面を滑らかく丸くしたトナーとしては、一般に重合法で製造されたトナー(重合トナー)が知られている。そして、こうしたトナーの使用によれば転写効率は向上し、転写中抜け等の問題が改善されることも判明している。しかし、重合トナーは丸すぎるため静電荷保持体との付着力は低減されるが、クリーニング工程において掻き取りにくく、トナーが完全に除去できない等の欠点があり、また、その製造工程の特殊性によりコスト的な面で紛砕法によるトナーよりかなり高くなってしまうという欠点もあった。従って、紛砕法により製造されたトナーで、上記欠点を解消できれば、電子写真システムを上手く成立させ、なおかつコスト的な面でもより有効である。   However, as a toner having a smooth and round surface, a toner (polymerized toner) manufactured by a polymerization method is generally known. It has also been found that the use of such toner improves transfer efficiency and improves problems such as transfer loss. However, since the polymer toner is too round, the adhesion to the electrostatic charge holding member is reduced, but there are drawbacks such as difficult to scrape off in the cleaning process, and the toner cannot be completely removed. In terms of cost, there is also a drawback that the toner becomes considerably higher than that of the toner by the grinding method. Therefore, if the above-mentioned drawbacks can be solved with a toner manufactured by a powdering method, an electrophotographic system can be successfully established, and more effective in terms of cost.

紛砕法により製造されたトナーの球形化に関してだけ見れば、機械エネルギーを利用してトナーの表面を改善する方法は、例えば、特公平7−38079号公報に記載されているように、既に知られて知られているところである。しかし、本発明にいう表面改質、トナーの製造条件はいまだ明らかにされていない。   As far as the spheroidization of the toner produced by the pulverization method is concerned, a method for improving the surface of the toner using mechanical energy is already known, for example, as described in JP-B-7-38079. Is known. However, the surface modification and toner production conditions referred to in the present invention have not yet been clarified.

本発明のトナーはそのトナー平均粒径が体積基準で5〜9μmで転写率の良いトナーを提供することによって、より高画質で画像欠陥のない鮮明なコピー画像を提供できる。デジタル複写機やプリンターなどは、レーザー光学系より照射されるレーザー光で感光体上の潜像のドット形成が行われるが、ドット径はたかだか20μm程度であるため、トナー粒径は小さい方が好ましい。しかし、トナーの体積平均粒径が5μm以下の場合、トナー製造性が極めて悪くなり、しかも収率も悪くなるため工業的に生産することは難しい。また、トナーの体積平均粒径が9μm以上の場合、ドット再現性が悪化し、画像品質が悪くなる等の問題が見られる。   The toner of the present invention can provide a clear copy image having higher image quality and no image defects by providing a toner having an average toner particle size of 5 to 9 μm on a volume basis and a good transfer rate. In digital copying machines, printers, and the like, dots of a latent image on a photosensitive member are formed by laser light emitted from a laser optical system. However, since the dot diameter is at most about 20 μm, it is preferable that the toner particle diameter is small. . However, when the volume average particle diameter of the toner is 5 μm or less, the toner productivity is extremely deteriorated and the yield is also deteriorated, so that it is difficult to industrially produce the toner. Further, when the volume average particle size of the toner is 9 μm or more, there are problems such as poor dot reproducibility and poor image quality.

本発明は体積平均粒径3μm以下のトナー粒子含有率(個数)が10%以下であるトナーを提供することで、転写率が良好で、このシステムに特有の問題である中抜け現象が解消でき、また現像剤の寿命もキャリア表面へのトナーの融着現象、所謂スペント現象が発生しにくいためさらに上昇することが判明した。   The present invention provides a toner having a volume average particle size of 3 μm or less and a toner particle content (number) of 10% or less, thereby achieving a good transfer rate and eliminating the voiding phenomenon that is a problem peculiar to this system. Further, it has been found that the lifetime of the developer further increases because the phenomenon of toner fusion to the carrier surface, that is, the so-called spent phenomenon is difficult to occur.

また、本発明は、静電荷保持体の一部に転写材を介して転写手段を当接させて、転写材の表面にトナー像を静電転写するシステムを設けた画像形成方法において、該プロセスに使用されるトナーが前記式(1)で表される円形度(SF)を持つ紛砕法で製造されたトナー粒子の全トナー中の含有率が45%以下であることを特徴とするトナーを用いることで転写率が良好で、このシステムに特有の問題である中抜け現象が解消できる。ここで、全トナー中、前記式(1)を満たすトナーの割合が45%より小さい時は、トナー形状がより円(球)に近く、静電荷保持体との接点が減少し、転写効率が上昇し、このシステムに特有の問題である中抜け現象が解消でき、また現像剤の寿命もキャリア表面へのトナーの融着現象、所謂スペント現象が発生しにくいため上昇することが判明した。このことは、45%が転写率の分極点になっていると考えられる。   The present invention also provides an image forming method comprising a system for electrostatically transferring a toner image to the surface of a transfer material by bringing a transfer unit into contact with a part of the electrostatic charge holding member via the transfer material. The toner used for the toner is characterized in that the content of toner particles produced by a grinding method having a circularity (SF) represented by the formula (1) in the total toner is 45% or less. By using it, the transfer rate is good, and the hollowing out phenomenon which is a problem peculiar to this system can be solved. Here, when the ratio of the toner satisfying the formula (1) is less than 45% in all toners, the toner shape is closer to a circle (sphere), the number of contacts with the electrostatic charge holding member is reduced, and the transfer efficiency is reduced. As a result, it has been found that the hollowing out phenomenon, which is a problem peculiar to this system, can be solved, and the life of the developer is raised because the phenomenon of toner fusion to the carrier surface, that is, the so-called spent phenomenon hardly occurs. This is considered that 45% is the polarization point of the transfer rate.

本発明及び本発明の装置で使用されるトナーは、少なくとも前記式(1)を満たすトナーは紛砕法によって製造されることが必要である。その他のトナーは紛砕法以外の製法、例えば重合法によって製造されたものでもよいが、紛砕法によって製造されたものでもよいが、紛砕法によって製造されたものが最も好ましい。また、紛砕法によって製造されたトナーと重合法によって製造されたトナーとの混合物であってもかまわない。   As for the toner used in the present invention and the apparatus of the present invention, it is necessary that at least the toner satisfying the formula (1) is produced by a pulverization method. Other toners may be produced by a production method other than the grinding method, for example, a polymerization method, or may be produced by the grinding method, but those produced by the grinding method are most preferred. Further, it may be a mixture of a toner manufactured by a grinding method and a toner manufactured by a polymerization method.

次に、本発明のトナーに用いられる材料について詳細に説明する。本発明に使用される結着樹脂としては、ポリスチレン、ポリp−クロロスチレン、ポリビニルトルエンなどのスチレン及びその置換体の単重合体;スチレン−p−クロロスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロピレン共重合体、スチレン−ビニルトルエン共重合体、スチレン−ビニルナフタリン共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸オクチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−α−クロルメタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルメチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルエチルエーテル共重合体、スチレン−ビニルメチルケトン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体、スチレン−アクリロニトリル−インデン共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸エステル共重合体などのスチレン系共重合体が挙げられる。また、下記の樹脂を混合して使用することもできる。ポリメチルメタクレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアクリル酸樹脂、ロジン、変性ロジン、テルペン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、脂肪族又は脂環族炭化水素樹脂、芳香族石油樹脂、塩素化パラフィン、パラフィンワックスなどが挙げられる。   Next, materials used for the toner of the present invention will be described in detail. Examples of the binder resin used in the present invention include styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene, and homopolymers of substituted products thereof; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer. Styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer Polymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene -Vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene- Nylmethyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene-maleic acid ester copolymer, etc. A copolymer is mentioned. Moreover, the following resin can also be mixed and used. Polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenol resin, fat Aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax and the like.

特に圧力定着用に好適な結着樹脂としては下記のものを挙げることができ、これらは混合しても使用できる。ポリオレフィン(低分子量ポリエチレン、低分子量ポリプロピレン、酸化ポリエチレン、ポリ4弗化エチレンなど)、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体(モノマー比5〜30:95〜70)、オレフィン共重合体(エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体、エイレン−塩化ビニル共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー樹脂)、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルビニルエーテル−無水マレイン酸共重合体、マレイン酸変性フェノール樹脂、フェノール変性テルペン樹脂。   Particularly suitable binder resins for pressure fixing can include the following, and these can be used by mixing. Polyolefin (low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), epoxy resin, polyester resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer (monomer ratio 5-30: 95-70), olefin copolymer ( Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, alien-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, Ionomer resin), polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic acid-modified phenol resin, phenol-modified terpene resin.

本発明のトナーは更に磁性材料を含有させ、磁性トナーとしても使用し得る。本発明の磁性トナー中に含まれる磁性材料としては、マグネタイト、ヘマタイト、フェライト等の酸化鉄、鉄、コバルト、ニッケルのような金属あるいはこれら金属のアルミニウム、コバルト、銅、鉛、マグネシウム、スズ、亜鉛、アンチモン、ベリリウム、ピスマス、カドミウム、カルシウム、マンガン、セレン、チタン、タングステン、バナジウムのような金属の合金およびその混合物などが挙げられる。これらの強磁性体は粒径0.1〜2μm程度のものが望ましく、トナー中に含有させる量としては樹脂成分100重量部に対し約20〜200重量部、特に好ましくは樹脂成分100重量部に対し40〜150重量部である。   The toner of the present invention further contains a magnetic material and can be used as a magnetic toner. Examples of the magnetic material contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention include iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite, metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, or aluminum, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium, tin, and zinc of these metals. And alloys of metals such as antimony, beryllium, pismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and mixtures thereof. These ferromagnetic materials preferably have a particle size of about 0.1 to 2 μm. The amount of the ferromagnetic material contained in the toner is about 20 to 200 parts by weight, particularly preferably 100 parts by weight of the resin component, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component. The amount is 40 to 150 parts by weight.

本発明のトナーに含有される帯電制御剤としては、従来公知のものが全て使用できる。正帯電制御剤としては、ニグロシン、塩基性染料のレーキ顔料、四級アンモニウム塩化合物等が挙げられ、負帯電制御剤としては、モノアゾ染料の金属塩、サリチル酸、ナフトエ酸、ダイカルボン酸の金属錯体等が挙げられる。   As the charge control agent contained in the toner of the present invention, all conventionally known charge control agents can be used. Examples of positive charge control agents include nigrosine, basic dye lake pigments, quaternary ammonium salt compounds, and negative charge control agents include monoazo dye metal salts, salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, and dicarboxylic acid metal complexes. Etc.

本発明のトナーは、必要に応じて添加物を混合してもよい。添加物としては、例えばテフロン(登録商標)、ステアリン酸亜鉛のごとき滑剤あるいは酸化セリウム、炭化珪素等の研磨剤、あるいは例えばコロイダルシルカ、酸化アルミニウムなどの流動性付与剤、ケーキング防止剤、あるいは例えばカーボンブラック、酸化スズ等の導電性付与剤、あるいは低分子量ポリオレフィンなどの定着助剤等がある。   The toner of the present invention may be mixed with additives as necessary. Examples of additives include lubricants such as Teflon (registered trademark), zinc stearate, abrasives such as cerium oxide and silicon carbide, fluidity imparting agents such as colloidal silk and aluminum oxide, anti-caking agents, and carbon such as carbon. Examples thereof include conductivity imparting agents such as black and tin oxide, and fixing aids such as low molecular weight polyolefins.

本発明のトナーに使用される着色剤としては、トナー用として公知のものがすべて使用できる。黒色の着色剤としては、例えば、カーボンブラック、アニリンブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック等が使用できる。シアンの着色剤としては、例えば、フタロシアニンブルー、メチレンブルー、ビクトリアブルー、メチルバイオレット、アニリンブルー、ウルトラマリンブルー等が使用できる。マゼンタの着色剤としては、例えば、ローダミン6Gレーキ、ジメチルキナクリドン、ウォッチングレッド、ローズベンガル、ローダミンB、アリザリンレーキ等が使用できる。イエローの着色剤としては、例えば、クロムイエロー、ベンジジンイエロー、ハンザイエロー、ナフトールイエロー、モリブデンオレンジ、キノリンイエロー、タートラジン等が使用できる。   As the colorant used in the toner of the present invention, all known colorants can be used. As the black colorant, for example, carbon black, aniline black, furnace black, lamp black and the like can be used. Examples of cyan colorants include phthalocyanine blue, methylene blue, Victoria blue, methyl violet, aniline blue, and ultramarine blue. As the magenta colorant, for example, rhodamine 6G lake, dimethylquinacridone, watching red, rose bengal, rhodamine B, alizarin lake and the like can be used. Examples of yellow colorants include chrome yellow, benzidine yellow, hansa yellow, naphthol yellow, molybdenum orange, quinoline yellow, and tartrazine.

本発明のトナーは一成分系現像剤用トナーとして用いてもよく、二成分系現像剤として用いてもよい。更に本発明のトナーは、二成分系現像剤として用いる場合にはキャリア粉と混合して用いられる。本発明に使用し得るキャリアとしては、公知のものがすべて使用可能であり、例えば鉄粉、フェライト粉、ニッケル粉のごとき磁性を有する粉体、ガラスビーズ等及びこれらの表面を樹脂などで処理したものなどが挙げられる。   The toner of the present invention may be used as a one-component developer toner or a two-component developer. Furthermore, the toner of the present invention is used by mixing with carrier powder when used as a two-component developer. As the carrier that can be used in the present invention, all known ones can be used. For example, magnetic powder such as iron powder, ferrite powder, nickel powder, glass beads, etc., and their surfaces are treated with a resin or the like. Things.

本発明におけるキャリアにコーティングし得る樹脂粉末としては、スチレン−アクリル共重合体、シリコーン樹脂、マレイン酸樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等がある。スチレンーアクリル共重合体の場合は、30〜90重量%を超えるとコーティング膜が硬くなって剥離しやすくなり、キャリアの寿命が短くなるからである。また、このキャリアの樹脂コーティングは、上記樹脂の他に接着付与剤、硬化剤、潤滑剤、導電材、荷電制御剤等を含有してもよい。   Examples of the resin powder that can be coated on the carrier in the present invention include a styrene-acrylic copolymer, a silicone resin, a maleic acid resin, a fluorine resin, a polyester resin, and an epoxy resin. In the case of a styrene-acrylic copolymer, if it exceeds 30 to 90% by weight, the coating film becomes hard and easily peeled, and the life of the carrier is shortened. Moreover, the resin coating of this carrier may contain an adhesion imparting agent, a curing agent, a lubricant, a conductive material, a charge control agent, and the like in addition to the resin.

続いて、本発明を下記の実施例によってさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。なお、部数はすべて重量部である。   Subsequently, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All the parts are parts by weight.

実施例1、2、比較例1の評価内容に関しては、リコー社製複写機FT−5500を使用し、各トナーについてスタート時と15万枚画像出し後の画像品質の変化、転写効率の平均のテストを行った。実施例3〜6、比較例2の評価内容に関しては、リコー社製複写機FT−5500を改造し、転写部に円筒上の転写ローラ設置したものを用いて、各トナーについてスタート時と15万枚画像出し後の画像品質の変化、転写効率の平均、請求項第4項に関しては、転写中抜けのテストを行った。また転写効率の測定に関しては、以下の式によりに行った。各付着トナー量は、剥離テープを用いて剥離テープ上にトナーを付着させ、その重量により評価した。

Figure 2006293411
次にシリコーン樹脂を被覆層に有するキャリアの製造例を示す。これらは、公知の手段により行なうことができる。 Regarding the evaluation contents of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, a copying machine FT-5500 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd. was used. For each toner, the change in image quality at the start and after 150,000 images were printed, and the average transfer efficiency. Tested. Regarding the evaluation contents of Examples 3 to 6 and Comparative Example 2, a copy machine FT-5500 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd. was remodeled, and a transfer roller on a cylinder was installed in the transfer unit. With respect to the change in image quality after the sheet image was put out, the average of transfer efficiency, and the fourth aspect of the invention, a test for transfer omission was performed. The transfer efficiency was measured by the following formula. The amount of each adhered toner was evaluated based on the weight of the toner attached to the release tape using the release tape.
Figure 2006293411
Next, the manufacture example of the carrier which has a silicone resin in a coating layer is shown. These can be performed by known means.

(キャリア製造例)
被覆層形成液の組成
シリコーン樹脂溶液(KR250信越シリコーン社製) 100部
カーボンブラック(#44三菱化成工業社製) 4部
トルエン 100部
上記処方をホモミキサーで30分間分散して被覆層形成液を調製した。この被覆層形成液を体積平均粒径100μmの球状フェライト1000部の表面に流動床型塗布装置を用いて被覆層を形成したキャリアAを得た。
(Example of carrier production)
Composition of coating layer forming solution Silicone resin solution (manufactured by KR250 Shin-Etsu Silicone) 100 parts Carbon black (# 44 manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 4 parts Toluene 100 parts The above formulation is dispersed with a homomixer for 30 minutes to form a coating layer forming solution. Prepared. This coating layer forming liquid was used to obtain a carrier A in which a coating layer was formed on the surface of 1000 parts of spherical ferrite having a volume average particle size of 100 μm using a fluidized bed type coating apparatus.

実施例1〜4及び比較例1、2
ポリエステル樹脂(重量平均分子量25万) 75部
スチレン−メチルメタアクリレート共重合体 15部
酸化ライスワックス(酸価15) 3.5部
カーボンブラック(三菱カーボン社製#44) 9部
4級アンモニウム塩化合物 1部
上記組成の混合物をヘンシェルミキサー中で十分撹拌混合した後、ロールミルで130〜140℃の温度で約30分間加熱溶融し、室温まで冷却後、得られた混練物をジェットミルで粉砕分級し、粒径5〜12μmのトナーを得た。このときトナーの形状指数は、ジェットミル内でのトナー滞留時間によって変化させた。このトナー2.5部に対し、キャリアA97.5部とをボールミルで混合し、現像剤を得た。
Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Polyester resin (weight average molecular weight 250,000) 75 parts Styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer 15 parts Oxidized rice wax (acid value 15) 3.5 parts Carbon black (Mitsubishi Carbon Corporation # 44) 9 parts Quaternary ammonium salt compound 1 part The mixture of the above composition was sufficiently stirred and mixed in a Henschel mixer, heated and melted at a temperature of 130 to 140 ° C. for about 30 minutes with a roll mill, cooled to room temperature, and the resulting kneaded product was pulverized and classified with a jet mill. A toner having a particle size of 5 to 12 μm was obtained. At this time, the shape index of the toner was changed depending on the toner residence time in the jet mill. With 2.5 parts of this toner, 97.5 parts of carrier A were mixed with a ball mill to obtain a developer.

表1に各現像剤中の全トナー中の円形度0.95以下のトナー存在率、トナー粒径3μm以下の微粉含有率(個数)及び繰り返し測定(N=5)における全トナー中の円形度0.95以下のトナー存在率の標準偏差(バラツキ)の値を示す。また表2に各現像剤の評価結果を示す。   Table 1 shows the toner abundance ratio of 0.95 or less in all toners in each developer, the fine powder content (number) of toner particle diameter of 3 μm or less, and the circularity in all toners in repeated measurement (N = 5). The standard deviation (variation) value of the toner presence rate of 0.95 or less is shown. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of each developer.

Figure 2006293411
Figure 2006293411

Figure 2006293411
画像評価(ベタ均一性、細線再現性、ドット再現性、転写抜け)は変化の様子で次の5段階に判別した。
◎:非常に良い ○:良い ●:普通 △:悪い ▽:非常に悪い
Figure 2006293411
Image evaluation (solid uniformity, fine line reproducibility, dot reproducibility, transfer omission) was determined in the following five stages according to the state of change.
◎: Very good ○: Good ●: Normal △: Bad ▽: Very bad

Claims (4)

キャリアとトナーよりなる二成分現像剤において、
前記トナーは粉砕法で製造されたトナーであって、下記式(1)で表される円形度(SF)を有するトナー粒子の全トナー中の含有率が50%以下であることを特徴とする二成分現像剤。
トナー円形度(SF)=[トナー面積/(トナー周囲長)2]×4π<0.95 …(1)
In the two-component developer consisting of carrier and toner,
The toner is a toner manufactured by a pulverization method, and the content of toner particles having a circularity (SF) represented by the following formula (1) in the total toner is 50% or less. Two-component developer.
Toner circularity (SF) = [toner area / (toner circumference) 2 ] × 4π <0.95 (1)
前記トナーは体積平均粒径が5〜9μmである請求項1記載の二成分現像剤。   The two-component developer according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of 5 to 9 μm. 体積平均粒径3μm以下のトナー粒子含有率(個数)が10%以下である請求項1又は2記載の二成分現像剤。   3. The two-component developer according to claim 1, wherein the content (number) of toner particles having a volume average particle diameter of 3 μm or less is 10% or less. 静電荷保持体の一部に転写材を介して転写手段を当接させ、該転写材の表面にトナー像を静電転写する二成分現像方式の画像形成装置において、
現像剤はキャリアとトナーを含有し、
前記トナーは粉砕法で製造されたトナーであって、下記式(1)で表される円形度を有するトナー粒子の全トナー中の含有率が45%以下のトナーを使用することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
トナー円形度(SF)=[トナー面積/(トナー周囲長)2]×4π<0.95 …(1)
In a two-component development type image forming apparatus in which a transfer unit is brought into contact with a part of an electrostatic charge holding member via a transfer material, and a toner image is electrostatically transferred onto the surface of the transfer material.
Developer contains carrier and toner,
The toner is a toner manufactured by a pulverization method, and a toner having a circularity expressed by the following formula (1) having a total content of 45% or less is used. Image forming apparatus.
Toner circularity (SF) = [toner area / (toner circumference) 2 ] × 4π <0.95 (1)
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