JP2006289281A - Volume reduction apparatus and method for waste graphite material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a volume reduction apparatus for waste graphite material generated as a result of production of fuel for a high temperature gas-cooled furnace, which can realize simple and rapid crushing, continuous crushing, preferable fragmentation of crushed graphite materials and significant volume reduction, and a volume reduction method for waste graphite material. <P>SOLUTION: The volume reduction apparatus for waste graphite materials is provided with a crushing chamber 11 having an upper inlet 12 and a lower outlet 14, a fixed crushing blade 22 disposed on an inner wall surface of the crushing chamber 11, a screen (sieving) structure 16 disposed to cover the outlet 14 of the crushing chamber 11, a rotation body 31 disposed to be freely rotatable in the crushing chamber 11, a rotating crushing blade 33 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotation body 31 corresponding to the fixed crushing blade 22, and a member 51 for collecting crushed products, which is installed to be freely removable at the outlet 14 of the crushing chamber 11 under the screen structure 16 and has a storage space. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to the technical field for volume reduction of waste, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for volume reduction of waste graphite material generated in the production of HTGR fuel by physical crushing means.

  One of the nuclear reactors is a high temperature gas reactor using graphite as a moderator. In the case of a high-temperature gas reactor, a core structure containing fuel is composed of graphite with a large heat capacity and good high-temperature soundness, and an inert gas that does not cause a chemical reaction even at high temperatures (eg, He gas) is a cooling gas. Used as By doing in this way, intrinsic safety becomes high and He gas with high outlet temperature can be taken out. The high heat of about 900 ° C. obtained from the HTGR makes it possible to use heat in a wide range of fields including power generation, hydrogen production, chemical plants, and others.

  The fuel for the HTGR is generally manufactured as follows. In the initial step when producing fuel nuclei, uranyl nitrate stock solution is dropped into an ammonia solution to form ammonium heavy uranate particles, and the particles are dried, and then oxidized, reduced, and sintered. When coating the fuel nuclei with the first coating layer to the fourth coating layer to produce coated fuel particles, each layer is formed by introducing the fuel nuclei into the high-temperature fluidized bed and carrying out the CVD method. In making a fuel compact, coated fuel particles are coated with a graphite matrix material to form overcoat particles, and then the overcoat particles are formed and sintered. In the step of making the fuel rod, the fuel compact is enclosed in a graphite tube. The fuel in the HTGR is completed by loading the fuel rods obtained in this way into the insertion ports of the graphite block.

  In the process for producing the coated fuel particles described above, a graphite nozzle, a graphite reaction tube, a graphite heater, and the like are generated as waste. Such waste graphite material must be disposed of properly. The general disposal methods for carbon-based materials known so far are incineration and disposal. However, the graphite material which is a high-density sintered product has poor flammability, which causes unburned residue, which makes complete incineration difficult. On the other hand, disposal such as disposal in vinyl bags, etc. is not easy to carry and transport at the time of disposal due to the high volume of graphite nozzles, graphite reaction tubes, graphite heaters, etc., and the subsequent processing is complicated and troublesome. Become a thing.

One of the currently popular disposal methods is that an operator breaks up the waste graphite material to some extent and then discards it. Specifically, the waste graphite material is put in a vinyl bag and wrapped, and then the waste graphite material is crushed by hitting it with a hammer to eliminate the bulk.
JP-A-11-165091 JP 2001-334163 A JP 2004-167447 A

  When the waste graphite material is crushed with a hammer, the bulkiness is eliminated according to the degree of the crushed condition, so that an appropriate volume reduction effect is produced. However, manual crushing cannot be expected to have a large volume reduction effect because the force applied during crushing and the number of times of crushing are not constant, and the size of the crushed graphite material tends to vary. Furthermore, since the vinyl bag becomes opaque due to graphite dust generated during crushing, the crushing situation cannot be accurately observed, and this induces an uncertain decision, thus avoiding the aforementioned variations. It is difficult. However, when the number of times of crushing is increased or the state of crushing is confirmed by touch each time, it is as if a small piece of crushed graphite material is obtained. However, in this case, the work efficiency is greatly reduced, so that practicality from the viewpoint of work is lacking.

  In view of such technical problems, the present invention reduces waste graphite material that can satisfy simple and rapid crushing treatment, continuous crushing treatment, preferable fragmentation of crushed graphite material, and large volume reduction effect. It is intended to provide a volumetric device and volume reduction method.

  The volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized by the following problem solving means in order to achieve the intended purpose. That is, the volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to claim 1 is an apparatus for reducing the volume of waste graphite material generated in the manufacture of HTGR fuel, and has an upper inlet and a lower outlet. A crushing chamber, a fixed crushing blade provided on the inner wall surface of the crushing chamber, a screen structure for sieving provided so as to cover the discharge port of the crushing chamber, and a rotatable in the crushing chamber A rotating crushing blade provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body corresponding to the fixed crushing blade, and a storage space that is detachably attached to the discharge port of the crushing processing chamber under the screen structure. And a crushed material recovery member.

  The volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to claim 2 of the present invention is the device according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the fixed crushing blade and the rotating crushing blade are within a range of 0.5 to 3 cm, respectively. It is characterized by.

  The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized by the following problem solving means for achieving the intended purpose. That is, the volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to claim 3 is a method for reducing the volume of the waste graphite material generated in the production of the HTGR fuel, as a means for crushing the waste graphite material. Use of the volume reducing device according to item 1 or 2, and rotating the rotating body to crush the waste graphite material so that the crushing device is in an operating state, and waste graphite in the operating state of the crushing device. The material is put into a crushing treatment chamber, and this is crushed with a fixed crushing blade and a rotary crushing blade, and the crushed graphite material is dropped onto the screen structure on the discharge port side of the crushing treatment chamber, and the screen structure The crushed graphite material after passing through the material is received and collected by a crushed material collecting member having a storage space.

  The volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to claim 4 of the present invention is the method according to claim 3, wherein the waste graphite material crushed in the pretreatment is put into a crushing treatment chamber, and the waste graphite material is It is further characterized by crushing.

  The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to claim 5 of the present invention is the method according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the waste graphite material having a dimension within 30 cm square and 2 cm thickness or less is crushed. Features.

  The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that in the method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, the waste graphite material is crushed within 10 cm square.

  The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to claim 7 of the present invention is the method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the rotational speed of the rotary crushing blade is 20 times / minute or less. .

The volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Physically crush waste graphite material with a fixed crushing blade provided on the inner wall surface of the crushing treatment chamber and a rotary crushing blade provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body in the crushing treatment chamber. Since the volume is reduced, the crushing process for volume reduction can be quickly performed by a simple operation of simply putting the waste graphite material into the crushing chamber, and it can be continuously performed. Therefore, the crushing capacity for volume reduction of waste is high, and the volume of waste graphite material can be reduced with high efficiency.
(2) For the crushed graphite material, only the fragments that have passed through the screen structure are collected by the lower crushed material collecting member. This is to recover only the crushed graphite material fragmented to a preferable size for volume reduction, so that a large volume reduction effect can be achieved.
(3) In the above, the fixed crushing blade / rotating crushing blade having a thickness within the range of 0.5 to 3 cm is preferable in terms of volume reduction of waste graphite material such as graphite nozzle, graphite reaction tube, graphite heater, etc. Suitable for crushing.

The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to the present invention has the following effects.
(4) Since the waste graphite material is reduced by using the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the simple and quick crushing treatment, continuous crushing treatment, preferable fragmentation of the crushed graphite material, and a large volume reduction effect should be satisfied. Can do.
(5) In the above, when the waste graphite material crushed in the pretreatment is crushed to a smaller size, crushing that can ensure a large volume reduction effect with a small crushing energy becomes possible. In particular, when the waste graphite material after pretreatment crushing is within 30 cm square and 2 cm thickness or less, this is easy to realize.
(6) In the above, when the waste graphite material is crushed within 10 cm square, the waste graphite material can be modified into a waste having a large volume reduction effect.
(7) In the above, when the rotational speed of the rotary crushing blade is 20 times / min or less (the peripheral speed of the rotary crushing blade 34 is 19 m / min or less), the crushing energy is added to the waste graphite material without excess or deficiency. Therefore, a crushed graphite material having a volume reduction effect can be stably obtained without energy loss.

  First, an embodiment of the volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The casing-type crushing treatment chamber 11 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an inlet 12 on the upper surface and an outlet 14 on the lower surface. The inlet 12 of the crushing processing chamber 11 can be opened and closed by an openable / closable door lid 13 provided on the upper surface of the crushing processing chamber 11. A screen structure 16 having a large number of sieve holes 15 is provided at the discharge port 14 of the crushing processing chamber 11. The screen structure 16 has a planar shape and has any one of a network structure, a lattice structure, and a porous structure. The sieve holes 15 of the screen structure 16 may be circular holes or polygonal holes as long as those having a size larger than this are removed. An example of the sieve hole 15 is that having a hole diameter through which a crushed piece of about 10 cm square can pass. The crushing treatment chamber 11 is further described. Four legs 17 are provided on the outer surface of the four corners of the bottom wall, and a support base 18 is provided on the outer surface of the right side wall. Comb-shaped blade mounting bases 21 are attached to the front wall inner surface and the rear wall inner surface of the crushing treatment chamber 11 so as to face each other. As is apparent with reference to FIG. 2 having the concave portions 19 and the convex portions 20 alternately arranged in the length direction, the upper surface of the blade mounting base 21 on the inner surface of the front wall of the crushing treatment chamber 11 is connected with bolts or the like. The fixed crushing blade 22 is detachably attached, and the fixed crushing blade 22 is detachably attached to the lower surface of the blade mounting base 21 on the inner surface of the rear wall of the crushing processing chamber 11 via bolts or the like. As an example in this case, the fixed crushing blade 22 on the front wall side of the crushing processing chamber is attached so as to cover the upper surface of each convex portion 20 of the cutter mounting base 21, and the fixed crushing blade 22 on the rear wall side of the crushing processing chamber is attached to the cutter. It attaches so that the lower surface of each convex part 20 of the stand 21 may be covered.

  The horizontal rotating body 31 provided in the crushing processing chamber 11 is of a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape. A rotating shaft 32 integral with the rotating body 31 protrudes from both end faces of the rotating body 31. A large number of blade attachment arms 33 are provided on the peripheral surface of the rotating body 31. As shown in FIG. 1, the blade mounting arms 33 are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the rotary shaft 32 and project radially from the peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 32 as shown in FIG. The rotating body 31 having such a configuration is disposed horizontally in the crushing processing chamber 11 and is rotatably supported by known bearing means. In that case, the rotating shaft 32 protrudes from both side surfaces of the crushing treatment chamber 11 as shown in FIG. A rotary crushing blade 34 is detachably attached to the tip of each blade attachment arm 33 provided on the rotating body 31 via a bolt or the like. More specifically, the rotary crushing blade 34 is attached to the front surface of the tip of each blade attachment arm 33. In terms of each blade attachment arm 33 to which the rotary crushing blade 34 is attached, in relation to the comb-like blade attachment base 21, each blade attachment arm 33 has a blade at its tip side when rotating together with the rotating body 31. It passes through each recess 19 of the mounting base 21.

  As is apparent with reference to FIG. 1, an electric motor (motor) 41 is connected to the rotating shaft 32 of the rotating body 31. The electric motor 41 is mounted on the support base 18, and the output shaft 42 of the electric motor 41 and the rotating shaft 32 of the rotating body 31 are connected to each other via a known coupling 43.

  In the volume reduction device described above, the electric motor 41 is a ready-made one. However, for other components than this, a metal, a synthetic resin, a composite thereof, etc. excellent in mechanical strength and durability are selectively used. . As the fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34, those having a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 3 cm are employed. The material of the fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34 is preferably a hard material such as steel or cemented carbide.

  The crushed material collection member 51 having the storage space illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is formed of a synthetic resin bag such as vinyl as a representative example. Such a crushed material recovery member 51 is detachably attached to the discharge port 14 of the crushing processing chamber 11 via a fastening material 52 such as a thin rope or wire. The crushed material collection member 51 may be a container having a storage space.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, 61 indicates a waste graphite material, and 62 indicates a crushed graphite material.

  Next, an embodiment of the volume reduction method for the waste graphite material according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  1 and 2, the electric motor 41 is turned on and the rotating body 31 is rotated. At this time, the rotational speed of the rotating body 31 is 20 times / minute or less. This means that when the distance from the center of the rotating body 31 to the tip of the blade mounting arm 33 is 150 mm, the peripheral speed of the rotary crushing blade 34 is about 19 m / min or less. After the volume reducing device is in such an operating state, the door lid 13 is opened and closed, and the waste graphite material 61 is introduced into the crushing treatment chamber 11 from the inlet 12 to start crushing the waste graphite material 61. At this time, a hopper (not shown) may be attached to the insertion port 12 as necessary.

  In the above, the waste graphite material 61 introduced into the crushing processing chamber 11 from the introduction port 12 is the graphite nozzle, the graphite reaction tube, the graphite heater, etc. described above. These have finished primary crushing before crushing in the crushing processing chamber 11. That is, after a graphite nozzle, a graphite reaction tube, a graphite heater, etc. are put in a vinyl bag and smashed or broken by an appropriate means such as a manual tool, a mechanical hammer, or a press machine. As is obvious, the waste graphite material 61 that is primarily crushed in this way has a size that is considerably smaller than the original shape. For example, the dimension is within 30 cm square and 2 cm thickness or less.

  The primary crushed waste graphite material 61 put into the crushing treatment chamber 11 falls into a space interposed between the inner surface of the front wall of the crushing treatment chamber 11 and the rotating body 31 as shown in FIG. Temporarily ride on the fixed crushing blade 22 on the upper surface of 21. With respect to the waste graphite material 61 on the blade mounting base 21, the rotary crushing blade 34 of the blade mounting arm 33 that rotates with the rotating body 31 and tries to pass through the recess 19 of the blade mounting base 21 collides with this. Crush. The fragments of the waste graphite material 61 crushed by the cooperative operation of the fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34 in this manner further fall in the crushing processing chamber 11 and reach the screen structure 16. If the fragment at this time is smaller than the sieve hole 15 of the screen structure 16, it passes through the sieve hole 16 as the crushed graphite material 62 and is collected by the crushed material collecting member 51. On the other hand, each piece (thickness larger than the sieve hole 15) staying on the screen structure 16 is rotated to the rear wall side of the crushing processing chamber 11 while being scooped up at the tip of the blade mounting arm 33. It collides with the fixed crushing blade 22 on the lower surface of the blade mounting base 21 and is crushed by the cooperative operation of the fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34 here. About this thing after this crushing, a part is carried upwards by the front-end | tip part of the blade attachment arm 33, and the remainder falls on the screen structure 16. FIG. The fragment dropped at this time also passes through the sieve hole 16 and is collected by the crushed material collecting member 51 if it is smaller than the sieve hole 16. As is clear from this, those that are smaller than a predetermined size in the first crushing pass through the screen structure 16, and larger fragments than the predetermined size are circulated in the crushing treatment chamber 11. And finally pass through the screen structure 16. Thus, the waste graphite material 61 put into the crushing treatment chamber 11 becomes a crushed graphite material 62 having a size equal to or smaller than the sieve hole 15 after the lapse of a predetermined time, that is, a volume-removed waste, and is supplied to the crushed material collecting member 51. Collected.

  When the waste graphite material 61 is crushed and reduced as described above, the crushed waste graphite material 61 may be continuously or intermittently charged into the crushing treatment chamber 11. In either case, the input amount per one time or the input amount per unit time is determined according to the crushing capacity. In addition, the above-mentioned reduced crushed graphite material 62 may be put into the crushing treatment chamber 11 and crushed again.

  In this embodiment, the waste graphite material 61 is a graphite reaction tube generated after the production of coated fuel particles in a coating process in which fuel nuclei are coated to produce coated fuel particles. Specifically, it is a graphite reaction tube having a diameter of 24 cm, a length of 40 cm, a thickness of 1 cm, a weight of about 1 kg, and a volume of about 15 liters. As a pretreatment, the graphite reaction tube was first crushed with a hammer in a vinyl bag. Each piece of about 30 cm square or less thus obtained was used as a waste graphite material 61.

  Regarding the volume reducing device, the length from the center of the rotating body 31 to the tip of the blade mounting arm 33 is about 150 mm. The fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34 are made of steel, and each side has a length of 5 cm and a thickness of 2 cm. The screen structure 16 has a sieve hole 15 having a hole diameter of 5 cm. A vinyl crushed material recovery member 51 is detachably set in the discharge port 14 of the crushing treatment chamber 11. The rotational speed of the rotating body 31 is 12 times / minute.

  In the volume reduction apparatus having the above specifications, when the waste graphite material 61 having a size of each fragment of about 30 cm square or less and a total weight of about 1 kg is continuously fed into the crushing treatment chamber 11 with an appropriate supply amount, It was crushed by the fixed crushing blade 22 and the rotary crushing blade 34 as described above. Almost all of the crushed waste graphite material 61 passed through the sieve hole 15 of the screen structure 16, and was recovered as the crushed graphite material 62 by the crushed material recovery member 51. This took about 5 minutes. The recovered crushed material recovery member 51 has a weight of about 1 kg, which is the same as the original, and a volume of about 3 liters. That is, this means that a graphite reaction tube (waste graphite material) having a volume of about 15 liters could be crushed and reduced to about 1/6 in a short time.

  The volume reduction device and volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to the present invention is a simple crushing means mainly composed of a fixed crushing blade and a rotary crushing blade as long as the waste graphite material is put into the crushing treatment chamber. An object can be reliably crushed in a short time. Moreover, since the fragments after being crushed are sieved with a screen structure and collected, there is no variation in the size of the crushed graphite material. Therefore, the volume reduction device and the volume reduction method have high industrial applicability when mechanically reducing the volume of waste graphite material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing an embodiment of a volume reduction device and volume reduction method for waste graphite material according to the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Crushing processing chamber 12 Input port 13 Door cover 14 Discharge port 15 Sieve hole 16 Screen structure 21 Blade mounting base 22 Fixed crushing blade 31 Rotating body 32 Blade mounting arm 33 Rotating crushing blade 51 Crushing material collection member 61 Waste graphite material 62 Crushing Graphite material

Claims (7)

  In an apparatus for reducing the volume of waste graphite material generated in the production of HTGR fuel, a crushing chamber having an upper inlet and a lower outlet, and a fixing provided on the inner wall of the crushing chamber A crushing blade, a screen structure for sieving provided so as to cover the discharge port of the crushing processing chamber, a rotating body provided rotatably in the crushing processing chamber, and a rotating body corresponding to the fixed crushing blade Disposal characterized by comprising a rotary crushing blade provided on the outer peripheral surface, and a crushed material recovery member having a storage space under the screen structure and detachably attached to the discharge port of the crushing treatment chamber Volume reduction equipment for graphite materials.   The volume reduction device for waste graphite material according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the fixed crushing blade and the rotary crushing blade are in the range of 0.5 to 3 cm, respectively.   In the method for reducing the volume of waste graphite material generated in the production of HTGR fuel, using the volume reducing device according to claim 1 or 2 as a means for crushing the waste graphite material; and In order to crush the waste graphite material, the rotating body is rotated to bring the crushing apparatus into an operating state, and in the operating state of the crushing apparatus, the waste graphite material is put into a crushing treatment chamber and rotated with a fixed crushing blade. Crushing with a crushing blade and dropping the crushed graphite material onto a screen structure on the discharge port side of the crushing treatment chamber, and a crushed material collecting member having a storage space for the crushed graphite material after passing through the screen structure The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material characterized by receiving and collect | recovering by.   The method for reducing the volume of waste graphite material according to claim 3, wherein the waste graphite material after being crushed in the pretreatment is put into a crushing treatment chamber, and the waste graphite material is further crushed.   The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material in any one of Claims 3-4 which crush the waste graphite material which has a dimension within 30 cm square and 2 cm thickness or less.   The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the waste graphite material is crushed within 10 cm square.   The volume reduction method of the waste graphite material according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the rotational speed of the rotary crushing blade is 20 times / minute or less.

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