JP2006273971A - Apparatus and method for managing operation of coke oven - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for managing operation of coke oven Download PDF

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JP2006273971A
JP2006273971A JP2005093465A JP2005093465A JP2006273971A JP 2006273971 A JP2006273971 A JP 2006273971A JP 2005093465 A JP2005093465 A JP 2005093465A JP 2005093465 A JP2005093465 A JP 2005093465A JP 2006273971 A JP2006273971 A JP 2006273971A
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rate
increase
coke oven
carbonization chamber
tendency
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JP4774779B2 (en
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Akinori Yoshioka
明徳 吉岡
Yoshio Tani
義雄 谷
Masaaki Maruoka
政章 丸岡
Mitsuo Izutsu
光雄 井筒
Takuya Tomooka
卓也 友岡
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JFE Steel Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve stable operation of a coke oven as a whole by identifying a cause of elevation of extruding force while extruding coke from a carbonization chamber and by carrying out repair or adjustment on the basis of the identified cause. <P>SOLUTION: An apparatus for managing operation of a coke oven comprises a means for calculating a present elevation rate (A) that shows the elevation rate of extruding force during present repair period with regard to each carbonization chamber, a means for calculating a past average elevation rate (B) which shows an average of elevation rates of extruding forces during a plurality of past repair periods with regard to each carbonization chamber, a means for calculating an increase rate (C=A/B) with regard to each carbonization chamber, and a determination means. When the calculated increase rate (C) of one of the carbonization chambers exceeds a predetermined value a<SB>1</SB>, the determination means determines whether the increase of the extruding force elevation rate of the carbonization chamber is a characteristic tendency of the carbonization chamber or a tendency of the whole coke oven. When the increase is determined to be the characteristic tendency of the carbonization chamber, the apparatus instructs to repair the carbonization chamber. When the increase is determined to be the tendency of the whole coke oven, the apparatus instructs to adjust a coal blend charged into the coke oven. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理装置及び操業管理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an operation management device and an operation management method for a coke oven that carbonizes coal into coke.

石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉は、燃焼室と炭化室とが交互に配置され、燃焼室と炭化室とは耐火煉瓦の隔壁(炉壁煉瓦)で仕切られている。炭化室には上方から装入車のホッパに積んだ石炭が装入される。石炭は炭化室の両側に配置された燃焼室の熱で乾留され、コークスとされる。乾留されたコークスは、押出し機の押出しラムによって側方から押され、炭化室から排出される。   In a coke oven in which coal is carbonized into coke, combustion chambers and carbonization chambers are alternately arranged, and the combustion chambers and the carbonization chamber are partitioned by a refractory brick partition wall (furnace wall brick). The charcoal chamber is charged with coal loaded on the hopper of the charging vehicle from above. Coal is dry-distilled with heat from combustion chambers arranged on both sides of the carbonization chamber to produce coke. The carbonized coke is pushed from the side by the extrusion ram of the extruder and discharged from the carbonization chamber.

コークス炉の炉壁煉瓦は、過去の操業履歴により、経年変化して損傷する。また、操業を続けて行くうちに、炉壁煉瓦の表面にはカーボンが付着、堆積する。   Coke oven wall bricks are damaged over time due to past operational history. Moreover, as the operation continues, carbon adheres to and accumulates on the surface of the furnace wall brick.

このような、炉壁煉瓦の損傷やカーボンの付着、堆積は、コークスを押出す際の押出し力の上昇をもたらす。そのため、押出し力の値が管理基準値を超えて上昇した場合には、その炭化室での操業を止めて、炭化室の補修を行うような運用がなされている。   Such damage to the furnace wall bricks, adhesion of carbon, and deposition cause an increase in extrusion force when coke is extruded. Therefore, when the value of the extrusion force increases beyond the control standard value, the operation in the carbonization chamber is stopped and the carbonization chamber is repaired.

近年、コークス炉の炉壁煉瓦の損傷状況を定性的あるいは定量的に診断する炉体診断 システムが種々提案されている。例えば、特開平11-131069号公報(特許文献1)には、炉壁損傷が発生してないと仮定して算出される推定押出し力と実測した実績押出し力との偏差に基づいてコークス炉の炉壁の損傷を推定し、これにより、炉壁補修の必要性を判断するコークス炉の損傷状況推定法が記載されている。このコークス炉の損傷状況推定法によれば、コークス炉の炉壁の損傷状況を操業者の勘といった不安定因子を排しながら、推定することができる。
特開平11-131069号公報
In recent years, various furnace body diagnosis systems have been proposed for qualitatively or quantitatively diagnosing the damage of bricks in a coke oven. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-131669 (Patent Document 1) describes a coke oven based on a deviation between an estimated pushing force calculated on the assumption that no furnace wall damage has occurred and a measured pushing force actually measured. A method for estimating the damage status of a coke oven is described, in which damage to the furnace wall is estimated, thereby determining the need for furnace wall repair. According to the coke oven damage state estimation method, the coke oven furnace wall damage state can be estimated while eliminating unstable factors such as operator intuition.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-131069

前記特許文献1の技術は、コークス炉の炉壁の損傷状況を、炭化室毎の押出し力から、炭化室毎に推定することができ、これにより、炭化室毎に炉壁補修の必要性を判断することはできる。   The technique of the above-mentioned patent document 1 can estimate the damage state of the furnace wall of the coke oven from the pushing force of each carbonization chamber for each carbonization chamber, and thereby the necessity of repairing the furnace wall for each carbonization chamber. It can be judged.

しかし、炭化室からコークスを押出す際の押出し力を上昇させる原因としては、炭化室固有の原因と、コークス炉全体の運用条件、例えば、炭化室に装入される石炭の性状等に基づく原因とがある。そして、操業の安定化を図るためには、個々の炭化室毎に単に補修を行うだけではなく、押出し力上昇の原因をある程度特定し、その原因に基づいて適切な補修或いは調整を行う必要がある。そして、原因がコークス炉全体としての操業条件にある場合にはそれを見直す必要もある。   However, the cause of increasing the extrusion force when extruding coke from the carbonization chamber is the cause specific to the carbonization chamber and the operating conditions of the entire coke oven, such as the properties of the coal charged into the carbonization chamber, etc. There is. And in order to stabilize the operation, it is necessary not only to repair each individual carbonization chamber, but also to identify the cause of the pushing force increase to some extent, and to perform appropriate repair or adjustment based on the cause. is there. And if the cause is the operating conditions of the coke oven as a whole, it is necessary to review it.

そこで、本発明は、炭化室からコークスを押出す際の押出し力の上昇の原因を特定することで、その原因に基づいた適切な補修或いは調整を行い、コークス炉全体としての操業の安定化を図ることが可能なコークス炉の操業管理装置及び操業管理方法を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention identifies the cause of the increase in the extrusion force when coke is extruded from the carbonization chamber, performs appropriate repair or adjustment based on the cause, and stabilizes the operation of the entire coke oven. An object of the present invention is to provide an operation management apparatus and an operation management method for a coke oven that can be achieved.

本発明者は、長期にわたる膨大な数の炭化室押出し力データを解析することで、コークス炉を構成する各炭化室には、ある一定の補修周期が存在することを見出した。さらに、炭化室毎の補修周期は、炭化室個々の炉壁の状態、及び、炭化室に装入される石炭の性状等の変化により、微妙に異なった挙動を示して変動を起こすことを見出した。   The present inventor has found that a certain repair cycle exists in each carbonization chamber constituting the coke oven by analyzing a large number of carbonization chamber extrusion force data over a long period of time. Furthermore, it has been found that the repair cycle for each carbonization chamber shows a slightly different behavior and varies depending on the state of the furnace wall of each carbonization chamber and the properties of the coal charged in the carbonization chamber. It was.

つまり、各炭化室の押出し力データの推移を、現在及び過去の補修周期内のデータと比較、検討することで、炭化室の炉壁の異常の有無、及び、その異常の原因が炭化室個々の原因か、或いはコークス炉全体としての異常が原因なのかを判断することが可能であることを見出した。   In other words, by comparing and examining the transition of the extrusion force data of each carbonization chamber with the data in the current and past repair cycles, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the furnace wall of the carbonization chamber and the cause of the abnormality can be determined for each individual carbonization chamber. It has been found that it is possible to determine whether or not the cause is an abnormality in the coke oven as a whole.

本発明は、上記の知見に基づきなされたもので、以下のような特徴を有する。   The present invention has been made based on the above findings and has the following characteristics.

[1]石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理装置であって、
炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降の期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する現上昇率算出手段と、
炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する過去平均上昇率算出手段と、
炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率(B)に対する前記現上昇率(A)の増加率(C=A/B)を算出する増加率算出手段と、
該増加率算出手段により算出された増加率(C)が、1.4から3の範囲内で定められる所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かを判断する増加傾向判断手段と、
該増加傾向判断手段による判断の結果、前記炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う指示手段と
を有することを特徴とする操業管理装置。
[1] An operation management device for performing operation management of a coke oven that carbonizes coal into coke,
For each carbonization chamber, a current rate of increase calculation means for calculating the current rate of increase (A), which is the rate of increase of the pushing force within the period after the nearest repair that is within the current repair cycle;
For each carbonization chamber, a past average increase rate calculating means for calculating a past average increase rate (B) that is an average of the increase rate of the pushing force within the past multiple repair cycles;
An increase rate calculating means for calculating an increase rate (C = A / B) of the current increase rate (A) with respect to the past average increase rate (B) for each carbonization chamber;
Increase rate calculated by the increase rate calculating means (C), when the coking chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1, which is defined in the range of 1.4 to 3 appeared, the extrusion force in the carbonization chamber An increasing tendency judging means for judging whether the increase in the rate of increase is a tendency specific to the coking chamber or the whole coke oven;
As a result of the judgment by the increasing tendency judging means, when it is judged that the tendency is unique to the coking chamber, a repair instruction for the coking chamber is given, and when it is judged that the whole coke oven is trended, the coke oven is charged. And an instruction means for instructing adjustment of the blended coal.

[2]上記[1]において、増加傾向判断手段における判断が、増加率(C)が所定の値aを超えた炭化室以外の炭化室における3分の2以上の炭化室の増加率が、前記所定の値aより小さな値として設定される1.2から2.8の範囲内で定められる所定の値a以上の場合にはコークス炉全体の傾向と判断し、それ以外の場合には増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することを特徴とする操業管理装置。 In [2] [1], determined in increasing determining means, increase rate (C) is the rate of increase in two or more of the coking chamber of 3 minutes in the carbonization chamber other than the carbonization chamber exceeds a predetermined value a 1 is the predetermined when the value a 1 1.2, which is set from a small value 2.8 at a predetermined value a 2 or more that is determined within the scope of determining the trend of the entire coke oven, otherwise operation management apparatus characterized by increased rate (C) is determined to carbonization chamber inherent tendency to exceed the predetermined value a 1 is the.

[3]上記[1]または[2]において、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合の指示手段における配合炭の調整指示が、以下のように行われることを特徴とする操業管理装置。
(1)至近の期間におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(D)が、前記至近の期間を除く配合率安定期間内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合には、以下(a)または(b)の調整を行う。
(a)配合炭の管理基準値を超える管理項目があった場合には、該管理基準値を超える管理項目に対し、管理基準値内となるように所定の修正を行う。
(b)管理基準値を超える管理項目がない場合には、配合炭の特定銘柄の配合率を低下させる調整を行う。
(2)前記平均押出力(D)が前記平均押出力(E)の1.1倍未満の場合には、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。
[3] The operation management apparatus according to [1] or [2], wherein the blending coal adjustment instruction in the instruction means when it is determined that the coke oven as a whole has a tendency is performed as follows.
(1) The average pushing force (D) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the nearest period is 1. The average pushing force (E) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the blending rate stabilization period excluding the nearest period. In the case of 1 times or more, the following adjustment (a) or (b) is performed.
(A) When there is a management item exceeding the management standard value of the coal blend, a predetermined correction is made so that the management item exceeding the management standard value falls within the management standard value.
(B) When there is no management item exceeding the management reference value, adjustment is performed to reduce the blending rate of the specific brand of blended coal.
(2) When the average pressing force (D) is less than 1.1 times the average pressing force (E), adjustment is performed to reduce the content of volatile matter in the blended coal.

[4]石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理方法であって、
炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降の期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する現上昇率算出ステップと、
炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する過去平均上昇率算出ステップと、
炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率(B)に対する前記現上昇率(A)の増加率(C=A/B)を算出する増加率算出ステップと、
該増加率算出ステップにより算出された増加率(C)が、1.4から3の範囲内で定められる所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かを判断する増加傾向判断ステップと、
該増加傾向判断ステップによる判断の結果、前記炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う指示ステップと
を有することを特徴とする操業管理方法。
[4] An operation management method for performing operation management of a coke oven that carbonizes coal into coke,
For each carbonization chamber, a current rate of increase calculation step for calculating the current rate of increase (A), which is the rate of increase of the pushing force within the period after the nearest repair that is within the current repair cycle;
For each carbonization chamber, a past average increase rate calculating step for calculating a past average increase rate (B) that is an average of the increase rate of the pushing force within a plurality of past repair cycles;
An increase rate calculating step for calculating an increase rate (C = A / B) of the current increase rate (A) with respect to the past average increase rate (B) for each carbonization chamber;
The increase rate calculation increase rate calculated by step (C), when the coking chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1, which is defined in the range of 1.4 to 3 appeared, the extrusion force in the carbonization chamber An increasing tendency judgment step for judging whether the increase in the rate of increase is a tendency specific to the coking chamber or the tendency of the whole coke oven;
As a result of the determination in the increasing tendency determination step, if it is determined that the tendency is specific to the coking chamber, a repair instruction for the coking chamber is issued, and if it is determined that the tendency of the entire coke oven is determined, the coke oven is charged. An operation step of instructing adjustment of the blended coal.

[5]上記[4]において、増加傾向判断ステップにおける判断が、増加率(C)が所定の値aを超えた炭化室以外の炭化室における3分の2以上の炭化室の増加率が、前記所定の値aより小さな値として設定される1.2から2.8の範囲内で定められる所定の値a以上の場合にはコークス炉全体の傾向と判断し、それ以外の場合には増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することを特徴とする操業管理方法。 In [5] above [4], determined in increasing determination step, the increase rate (C) is the rate of increase in two or more of the coking chamber of 3 minutes in the carbonization chamber other than the carbonization chamber exceeds a predetermined value a 1 is the predetermined when the value a 1 1.2, which is set from a small value 2.8 at a predetermined value a 2 or more that is determined within the scope of determining the trend of the entire coke oven, otherwise operation management method increase rate (C) is characterized in that it is determined that the carbonization chamber inherent tendency to exceed the predetermined value a 1 is the.

[6]上記[4]または[5]において、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合の指示ステップにおける配合炭の調整指示が、以下のように行われることを特徴とする操業管理方法。
(1)至近の期間におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(D)が、前記至近の期間を除く配合率安定期間内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合には、以下(a)または(b)の調整を行う。
(a)配合炭の管理基準値を超える管理項目があった場合には、該管理基準値を超える管理項目に対し、管理基準値内となるように所定の修正を行う。
(b)管理基準値を超える管理項目がない場合には、配合炭の特定銘柄の配合率を低下させる調整を行う。
(2)前記平均押出力(D)が前記平均押出力(E)の1.1倍未満の場合には、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。
[6] The operation management method according to the above [4] or [5], wherein the blending coal adjustment instruction in the instruction step when it is determined that the entire coke oven is in the trend is performed as follows.
(1) The average pushing force (D) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the nearest period is 1. The average pushing force (E) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the blending rate stabilization period excluding the nearest period. In the case of 1 times or more, the following adjustment (a) or (b) is performed.
(A) When there is a management item exceeding the management standard value of the coal blend, a predetermined correction is made so that the management item exceeding the management standard value falls within the management standard value.
(B) When there is no management item exceeding the management reference value, adjustment is performed to reduce the blending rate of the specific brand of blended coal.
(2) When the average pressing force (D) is less than 1.1 times the average pressing force (E), adjustment is performed to reduce the content of volatile matter in the blended coal.

本発明によれば、炭化室からコークスを押出す際の押出し力の上昇の原因を特定でき、その原因に基づいた適切な補修或いは調整を行うことで、コークス炉全体としての操業の安定化を図ることが可能なコークス炉の操業管理装置及び操業管理方法が提供される。   According to the present invention, it is possible to identify the cause of the increase in the extrusion force when coke is extruded from the carbonization chamber, and by performing appropriate repair or adjustment based on the cause, the operation of the coke oven as a whole can be stabilized. An operation management apparatus and an operation management method for a coke oven that can be achieved are provided.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態の一例を説明する。   Hereinafter, an example of the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

図1は、本発明に係る石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理装置の一例を示す機能ブロック図である。また、図2に、本発明に係る各手段における処理フローの一例を示す。   FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of an operation management apparatus for performing operation management of a coke oven that is carbonized to produce coke according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an example of a processing flow in each means according to the present invention.

以下、図1及び図2を用いて説明する。図1及び図2に示すように、本発明に係る操業管理装置1は、炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降の期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する現上昇率算出手段10と、炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する過去平均上昇率算出手段20と、炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率(B)に対する前記現上昇率(A)の増加率(C=A/B)を算出する増加率算出手段30と、該増加率算出手段30により算出された増加率(C)が、1.4から3の範囲内で定められる所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かを判断する増加傾向判断手段40と、該増加傾向判断手段40による判断の結果、前記炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う指示手段50とを有している。なお、前記所定の値aは、操業度や管理レベルの変更により、1.4から3の範囲内で変更されるものであり、通常は、例えば、1.5とすることができる。 Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the operation management apparatus 1 which concerns on this invention is the present rise which is an increase rate of the extrusion force in the period after the nearest repair which becomes in the present repair period for every carbonization chamber. The current rate of increase calculation means 10 for calculating the rate (A), and the past average rate of increase for calculating the past average rate of increase (B), which is the average of the rate of increase in the pushing force within the past multiple repair cycles, for each carbonization chamber Rate calculating means 20, an increasing rate calculating means 30 for calculating an increasing rate (C = A / B) of the current increasing rate (A) with respect to the past average increasing rate (B) for each carbonization chamber, and the increasing rate calculating means 30 increase rate calculated by (C) is, if the carbonization chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1, which is defined in the range of 1.4 to 3 appeared, the rate of increase of the extrusion force in the carbonization chamber Increase to determine whether the increase in coal is a trend specific to the coking chamber or the overall coke oven When it is determined as a tendency specific to the coking chamber as a result of the determination by the additional tendency determining means 40 and the increasing tendency determining means 40, a repair instruction for the coking chamber is given, and the tendency of the coke oven is determined as a whole Has an instruction means 50 for instructing adjustment of the blended coal charged into the coke oven. The predetermined value a 1 is, by changing the capacity utilization and management level, which is changed in the range of 1.4 to 3, usually, for example, be 1.5.

なお、前記操業管理装置1には、例えば、コンピュータ等を用いることができる。   For example, a computer or the like can be used for the operation management apparatus 1.

ここで、前記炭化室毎に測定される押出し力とは、炭化室で乾留されたコークスを押出し機の押出しラムによって側方から押し、炭化室から排出させる際の、前記押出しラムの1回の押出し操作における最大の押出し力の出力データを指す。炭化室の炉壁煉瓦にカーボン等が大量に付着したり、炭化室の炉壁煉瓦の損傷が発生した場合、その部分が抵抗となってラムの押出し力が高くなる。   Here, the extrusion force measured for each of the carbonization chambers means that the coke co-distilled in the carbonization chamber is pushed from the side by the extrusion ram of the extruder and discharged from the carbonization chamber once. Refers to the output data of the maximum extrusion force in the extrusion operation. When a large amount of carbon or the like adheres to the furnace wall brick of the carbonization chamber or damage to the furnace wall brick of the carbonization chamber occurs, that portion becomes resistance and the pushing force of the ram increases.

なお、押出し力データとして用いうるデータとしては、上記1回の押出し操作における最大の値の他に、例えば1回の押出し操作における押出し力の平均値や、押出し操作中の特定の範囲における押出し力の値、最大値、平均値などのデータ値を用いることもできる。また、例えば、押出しラムの駆動モーターの電流値、電力値、トルク値などの値を用いることもできる。   The data that can be used as the extrusion force data includes, for example, the average value of the extrusion force in one extrusion operation, and the extrusion force in a specific range during the extrusion operation, in addition to the maximum value in the one extrusion operation. Data values such as values, maximum values and average values can also be used. Further, for example, values such as a current value, a power value, and a torque value of the driving motor of the extrusion ram can be used.

以下、前記各手段について説明する。   Hereinafter, each of the means will be described.

[現上昇率算出手段10]
本現上昇率算出手段10では、コークス炉を構成し、且つ、稼動中の炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降から現在までの期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する。
[Current increase rate calculating means 10]
In the present increase rate calculation means 10, the coke oven is configured and the increase rate of the pushing force within the period from the nearest repair to the present within the current repair cycle for each active carbonization chamber. A certain current rate of increase (A) is calculated.

ここで、前記押出し力のデータは、例えば、コークス炉の操業を管理している操業管理システム2等から、コークス炉の各炭化室毎に測定されている押出し負荷データから1回の押出し操作における最大の値である押出し力データを取り込むことにより得ることができる。   Here, the data of the extrusion force is, for example, from the operation management system 2 that manages the operation of the coke oven, or the like in one extrusion operation from the extrusion load data measured for each carbonization chamber of the coke oven. It can be obtained by taking in the extrusion force data which is the maximum value.

前記現上昇率(A)の算出は、至近の補修後の押出し力データA1と至近の押出し力データA2とから、以下のようにして算出することができる。
現上昇率(A)=至近の押出し力データA2/至近の補修後の押出し力データA1
なお、前記至近の補修後の押出し力データA1の値としては、補修直後の値ではなく、所定の日数、例えば、補修後1〜4週間程度経過後の押出し力データを用いることが好ましい。炭化室の炉壁補修直後は、煉瓦の表面が剥き出しの状態になっており、押出し力が大きくなる傾向となる。操業を続けるうちに炉壁煉瓦の表面にカーボン等が薄くコーティングされた状態となり、それが潤滑材としての効果を有するようになると押出し力が小さくなり、安定化するためである。この補修直後から安定化するまでの期間が前記の日数となる。
The current rate of increase (A) can be calculated as follows from the most recent repaired pushing force data A1 and the nearest pushing force data A2.
Current rate of increase (A) = nearest extrusion force data A2 / extension force data A1 after repair
As the value of the pushing force data A1 after the nearest repair, it is preferable to use the pushing force data after a predetermined number of days, for example, about 1 to 4 weeks after the repair, instead of the value immediately after the repair. Immediately after repairing the furnace wall in the carbonization chamber, the surface of the brick is exposed, and the extrusion force tends to increase. This is because as the operation continues, the surface of the furnace wall brick becomes thinly coated with carbon or the like, and when it becomes effective as a lubricant, the extrusion force is reduced and stabilized. The period from immediately after the repair to stabilization is the number of days.

ここで、コークス炉を構成する炭化室毎に算出された、前記現上昇率(A)のデータは、炭化室毎にデータベースに保存される。   Here, the data of the current rate of increase (A) calculated for each coking chamber constituting the coke oven is stored in a database for each coking chamber.

[過去平均上昇率算出手段20]
本過去平均上昇率算出手段20では、コークス炉を構成し、且つ、稼動中の炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する。ここで、前記過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均とは、当該炭化室における過去の補修周期での押出し力の上昇率の、例えば、2〜3回分の平均をいう。
[Previous average rate of increase calculation means 20]
In this past average increase rate calculating means 20, a past average increase rate (B) that is an average of the increase rate of the extrusion force within the past multiple repair cycles for each coking chamber that constitutes the coke oven and is in operation. Is calculated. Here, the average of the increase rate of the extrusion force within the plurality of past repair cycles means, for example, the average of the increase rate of the extrusion force in the past repair cycle in the carbonization chamber for two to three times.

また、前記過去の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率とは、1回の補修周期内での補修後の押出し力データB1と補修直前の押出し力データB2とから、以下のようにして算出することができる。
押出し力の上昇率=補修直前の押出し力データB2/補修後の押出し力データB1
なお、上述したように前記補修後の押出し力データB1の値としては、補修直後の値ではなく、所定の日数経過後の押出し力データを用いることが好ましい。
Further, the rate of increase in the pushing force within the past repair cycle is calculated as follows from the pushing force data B1 after the repair within one repair cycle and the pushing force data B2 just before the repair. be able to.
Extrusion force increase rate = extrusion force data B2 just before repair / extrusion force data B1 after repair
As described above, as the value of the extrusion force data B1 after the repair, it is preferable to use the extrusion force data after a predetermined number of days, not the value immediately after the repair.

このようにして求めた押出し力の上昇率を過去の2〜3回分平均することにより、過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する。   The average rate of increase in the past (B) is calculated by averaging the rate of increase in the extrusion force thus determined for the past two to three times.

ここで、コークス炉を構成する炭化室毎に算出された、前記過去平均上昇率(B)のデータは、炭化室毎にデータベースに保存される。   Here, the data of the past average rate of increase (B) calculated for each coking chamber constituting the coke oven is stored in a database for each coking chamber.

[増加率算出手段30]
本増加率算出手段30では、コークス炉を構成し、且つ、稼動中の炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率算出手段20で算出した過去平均上昇率(B)に対する、前記現上昇率算出手段10で算出した現上昇率(A)の増加率(C)を以下のように算出する。
増加率(C)=現上昇率(A)/過去平均上昇率(B)
ここで、コークス炉を構成する炭化室毎に算出された、前記増加率(C)のデータは、炭化室毎にデータベースに保存される。
[Increase rate calculation means 30]
In the present increase rate calculating means 30, the current increase rate calculating means for the past average increase rate (B) calculated by the past average increase rate calculating means 20 for each coking chamber that is in a coke oven and is in operation. The increase rate (C) of the current increase rate (A) calculated in 10 is calculated as follows.
Rate of increase (C) = Current rate of increase (A) / Previous average rate of increase (B)
Here, the data of the increase rate (C) calculated for each coking chamber constituting the coke oven is stored in a database for each coking chamber.

[増加傾向判断手段40]
本増加傾向判断手段40では、前記増加率算出手段30により算出された増加率(C)が、前記所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かの判断を行う。
[Increase tendency determination means 40]
If in this increasing trend determination means 40, the increase rate calculated by the increase rate calculation means 30 (C) is, the carbonization chamber appeared greater than the predetermined value a 1 is elevated extrusion force at the carbonization chamber Judge whether the increase in rate is a tendency unique to the coking chamber or the whole coke oven.

ここで、前記の判断は、前記増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室以外の炭化室における3分の2以上の炭化室の増加率が、前記所定の値aより小さな値として設定される1.2から2.8の範囲内で定められる所定の値a以上の場合にはコークス炉全体の傾向と判断し、それ以外の場合には増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することができる。なお、前記所定の値aは、前記所定の値aより小さい値であって、操業度や管理レベルの変更により、1.2から2.8の範囲内で変更されるものであり、通常は、例えば、1.3とすることができる。 Here, the judgment, the increase rate (C) is the rate of increase in two or more of the coking chamber of 3 minutes in the carbonization chamber other than the carbonization chamber exceeds a predetermined value a 1 is the predetermined value a 1 determines that more 1.2 from the entire coke oven in the case of a predetermined value a 2 or more that is determined in the range of 2.8 tend to be set as a small value, the rate of increase otherwise (C) There it can be determined that the carbonization chamber inherent tendency to exceed the predetermined value a 1. The predetermined value a 2 is a value smaller than the predetermined value a 1 and is changed within a range of 1.2 to 2.8 due to a change in the operation level and the management level. Usually, it can be set to 1.3, for example.

コークス炉を構成する炭化室の3分の2以上が同じような傾向の場合、つまり、炭化室の増加率が前記所定の値a以上の場合には、コークス炉全体として共通する要因による影響と考えることが妥当であるからである。 If more than two-thirds of the coking chamber constituting the coke oven is of the same tendency, that is, when the increase rate of the carbonization chamber of said predetermined value a 2 or more, the effect due to factors that are common overall coke oven This is because it is reasonable to think.

また、炭化室の増加率が前記所定の値a以上となる炭化室が全体の3分の2に満たない場合には、増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することが妥当である。 Further, when the carbonization chamber increasing rate of carbonization chamber becomes the predetermined value a 2 or more is less than 2 thirds of the carbonization chamber increase rate (C) exceeds the predetermined value a 1 It is reasonable to judge it as an inherent tendency.

[指示手段50]
本指示手段50では、前記増加傾向判断手段40による判断の結果、増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う。
[Instruction means 50]
In the instruction unit 50, the increase determination means 40 a result of the determination by the repair instructions of the coking chamber when the increase rate (C) is determined to carbonization chamber inherent tendency to exceed the predetermined value a 1 When it is judged that the tendency of the coke oven as a whole is instructed, the adjustment instruction of the blended coal charged into the coke oven is given.

ここで、増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合に行われる当該炭化室の補修指示としては、当該炭化室若しくは燃焼室内部の点検、及び、所定の補修の実施指示により行われる。前記所定の補修の種類としては、例えば、炭化室内に石炭を装入しない状態で加熱を行い炭化室内の炉壁煉瓦に析出したカーボンを落とす「カーボン落し」、炭化室内の炉壁煉瓦の損傷部分に行う「炉壁補修(例えば、溶射や吹き付け)」がある。なお、補修の種類は上記2種類に限定されるものではなく、上記2種類の組合せでも良く、また、上記2種類以外のものを含めて3種類以上の補修の中から補修方法を決定するようにしても良い。 Here, the repair instructions of the coking chamber which is performed when the increase rate (C) is determined to carbonization chamber inherent tendency to exceed the predetermined value a 1, inspection of the coking chamber or combustion chamber, And it is performed according to a predetermined repair execution instruction. Examples of the predetermined repair type include, for example, “carbon removal” in which the carbon deposited in the furnace wall brick in the carbonization chamber is dropped by heating in a state where no coal is charged in the carbonization chamber, and the damaged portion of the furnace wall brick in the carbonization chamber There is a “furnace wall repair (for example, spraying or spraying)”. The type of repair is not limited to the above two types, but may be a combination of the above two types, and the repair method may be determined from three or more types of repairs including those other than the above two types. Anyway.

また、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合に行われるコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示は、以下(1)、(2)のように行うことができる。
(1)至近の期間である、例えば、過去1日以内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(D)が、前記至近の期間を除く配合炭の配合率の変動が少ない配合率安定期間、例えば、過去1週間以内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合には、以下(a)または(b)の調整を行う。ここで、前記平均押出し力(D)が、前記平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合とは、コークス炉全体に影響を与えるような操業条件が、極めて短期間に急激に悪化したような場合が想定される。なお、前記配合率安定期間において、例えば、配合炭の配合率が急激に変わった場合にコークス炉全体にその配合炭が行き渡るまでの混在期間、例えば、1日程度をさらに除いた期間の押出し力平均を、前記平均押出し力(E)としてもよい。
Moreover, the adjustment instruction | indication of the blended coal charged into the coke oven performed when it is judged as the tendency of the whole coke oven can be performed like (1) and (2) below.
(1) A blending rate stabilization period in which the average extruding force (D) of the coking oven in the entire coke oven within the past day is small in fluctuation of the blending rate of the blended coal excluding the nearest period. For example, when the average extrusion force (E) of the carbonization chamber of the whole coke oven within the past week is 1.1 times or more, the following adjustment (a) or (b) is performed. Here, when the average extruding force (D) is 1.1 times or more of the average extruding force (E), the operating conditions that affect the entire coke oven deteriorate rapidly in a very short time. Such a case is assumed. In the blending rate stabilization period, for example, when the blending rate of the blended coal changes abruptly, a mixing period until the blended coal spreads throughout the coke oven, for example, extruding force during a period excluding about one day. The average may be the average extrusion force (E).

(a)炭化室に装入される石炭である配合炭の管理基準値を超える管理項目があった場合には、この管理基準値を超える管理項目に対し、管理基準値内となるように所定の修正を行う。   (A) When there is a management item that exceeds the management standard value of the coal blend that is the coal charged into the carbonization chamber, the management item that exceeds this management standard value is determined to be within the management standard value. Make corrections.

ここで、前記管理項目としては、例えば、炭化室に装入される石炭である配合炭の配合率、石炭の水分含有率、石炭の粒度分布、石炭の膨張収縮性、石炭の成形炭配合率等が該当する。これらの管理項目のそれぞれに対し、出来上がりのコークスの品質、製造コスト、乾留効率等を考慮しつつ、コークスの押出し力をできるだけ小さくできるように、管理基準が設定される。   Here, as the management items, for example, the blending ratio of coal blended as coal charged into the carbonization chamber, the moisture content of coal, the particle size distribution of coal, the expansion and contraction of coal, the coal blending ratio of coal Etc. For each of these management items, a management standard is set so that the coke extrusion force can be made as small as possible in consideration of the quality of the finished coke, production cost, dry distillation efficiency, and the like.

(b)管理基準値を超える管理項目がない場合には、配合炭の特定銘柄の配合率を低下させる調整を行う。   (B) When there is no management item exceeding the management reference value, adjustment is performed to reduce the blending rate of the specific brand of blended coal.

ここで、前記特定銘柄の配合率が大きくなると、押出し性を悪化させる。そこで、例えば、特定銘柄の配合率を5質量%以下とする調整を行うことが好ましい。なお、前記特定銘柄とは、炉壁への負荷が大きく押出し負荷を増大させるような銘柄をいう。
(2)前記平均押出力(D)が前記平均押出力(E)の1.1倍未満の場合には、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。
Here, when the compounding ratio of the specific brand increases, the extrudability deteriorates. Therefore, for example, it is preferable to adjust the blending ratio of the specific brand to 5 mass% or less. The specific brand refers to a brand that has a large load on the furnace wall and increases the extrusion load.
(2) When the average pressing force (D) is less than 1.1 times the average pressing force (E), adjustment is performed to reduce the content of volatile matter in the blended coal.

配合炭中の揮発分が多いと、炉壁に付着、堆積するカーボン量が増加する。そこで、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。この調整は、例えば、揮発分が20質量%以下の特定銘柄の石炭の配合率を増加させることで行うことができる。   If the blended coal contains a large amount of volatile matter, the amount of carbon deposited and deposited on the furnace wall will increase. Then, adjustment which reduces the content rate of the volatile matter of coal blend is performed. This adjustment can be performed, for example, by increasing the blending ratio of a specific brand of coal having a volatile content of 20% by mass or less.

以上のように、本発明においては、炭化室からコークスを押出す際の押出し力の上昇の原因を特定でき、その原因に基づいた適切な補修或いは調整を行うことで、コークス炉全体としての操業の安定化を図ることが可能となる。   As described above, in the present invention, the cause of the increase in the extrusion force when extruding coke from the carbonization chamber can be identified, and by performing appropriate repairs or adjustments based on the cause, the operation of the coke oven as a whole can be performed. Can be stabilized.

本発明に係る石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理装置の一例を示す機能ブロック図である。It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the operation management apparatus for performing operation management of the coke oven which carbonizes the coal which concerns on this invention, and makes it coke. 本発明に係る各手段における処理フローの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the processing flow in each means which concerns on this invention.

Claims (6)

石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理装置であって、
炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降の期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する現上昇率算出手段と、
炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する過去平均上昇率算出手段と、
炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率(B)に対する前記現上昇率(A)の増加率(C=A/B)を算出する増加率算出手段と、
該増加率算出手段により算出された増加率(C)が、1.4から3の範囲内で定められる所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かを判断する増加傾向判断手段と、
該増加傾向判断手段による判断の結果、前記炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う指示手段と
を有することを特徴とする操業管理装置。
An operation management device for managing the operation of a coke oven that carbonizes coal into coke,
For each carbonization chamber, a current rate of increase calculation means for calculating the current rate of increase (A), which is the rate of increase of the pushing force within the period after the nearest repair that is within the current repair cycle;
For each carbonization chamber, a past average increase rate calculating means for calculating a past average increase rate (B) that is an average of the increase rate of the pushing force within the past multiple repair cycles;
An increase rate calculating means for calculating an increase rate (C = A / B) of the current increase rate (A) with respect to the past average increase rate (B) for each carbonization chamber;
Increase rate calculated by the increase rate calculating means (C), when the coking chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1, which is defined in the range of 1.4 to 3 appeared, the extrusion force in the carbonization chamber An increasing tendency judging means for judging whether the increase in the rate of increase is a tendency specific to the coking chamber or the whole coke oven;
As a result of the judgment by the increasing tendency judging means, when it is judged that the tendency is unique to the coking chamber, a repair instruction for the coking chamber is given, and when it is judged that the whole coke oven is trended, the coke oven is charged. And an instruction means for instructing adjustment of the blended coal.
増加傾向判断手段における判断が、増加率(C)が所定の値aを超えた炭化室以外の炭化室における3分の2以上の炭化室の増加率が、前記所定の値aより小さな値として設定される1.2から2.8の範囲内で定められる所定の値a以上の場合にはコークス炉全体の傾向と判断し、それ以外の場合には増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の操業管理装置。 Determination in increasing determining means, increase rate (C) is more than two-thirds the rate of increase in the carbonization chamber of the coking chamber other than the carbonization chamber exceeds a predetermined value a 1 is smaller than the predetermined value a 1 Judging from 1.2 which is set as a value with a predetermined value a 2 or more of the entire coke oven when tends to be defined by the range of 2.8, the increase rate (C) is said otherwise The operation management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tendency is determined as a tendency unique to the carbonization chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1 . コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合の指示手段における配合炭の調整指示が、以下のように行われることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の操業管理装置。
(1)至近の期間におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(D)が、前記至近の期間を除く配合率安定期間内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合には、以下(a)または(b)の調整を行う。
(a)配合炭の管理基準値を超える管理項目があった場合には、該管理基準値を超える管理項目に対し、管理基準値内となるように所定の修正を行う。
(b)管理基準値を超える管理項目がない場合には、配合炭の特定銘柄の配合率を低下させる調整を行う。
(2)前記平均押出力(D)が前記平均押出力(E)の1.1倍未満の場合には、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。
The operation management apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an instruction for adjusting the blended coal in the instruction means when it is determined that the coke oven as a whole is in trend is performed as follows.
(1) The average pushing force (D) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the nearest period is 1. The average pushing force (E) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the blending rate stabilization period excluding the nearest period. In the case of 1 times or more, the following adjustment (a) or (b) is performed.
(A) When there is a management item exceeding the management standard value of the coal blend, a predetermined correction is made so that the management item exceeding the management standard value falls within the management standard value.
(B) When there is no management item exceeding the management reference value, adjustment is performed to reduce the blending rate of the specific brand of blended coal.
(2) When the average pressing force (D) is less than 1.1 times the average pressing force (E), adjustment is performed to reduce the content of volatile matter in the blended coal.
石炭を乾留してコークスにするコークス炉の操業管理を行うための操業管理方法であって、
炭化室毎に、現在の補修周期内となる至近の補修後以降の期間内における押出し力の上昇率である現上昇率(A)を算出する現上昇率算出ステップと、
炭化室毎に、過去複数回の補修周期内における押出し力の上昇率の平均である過去平均上昇率(B)を算出する過去平均上昇率算出ステップと、
炭化室毎に、前記過去平均上昇率(B)に対する前記現上昇率(A)の増加率(C=A/B)を算出する増加率算出ステップと、
該増加率算出ステップにより算出された増加率(C)が、1.4から3の範囲内で定められる所定の値aを超える炭化室が出現した場合には、当該炭化室における押出力の上昇率の増加が当該炭化室固有の傾向か、コークス炉全体の傾向かを判断する増加傾向判断ステップと、
該増加傾向判断ステップによる判断の結果、前記炭化室固有の傾向と判断された場合には当該炭化室の補修指示を行い、コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合にはコークス炉に装入される配合炭の調整指示を行う指示ステップと
を有することを特徴とする操業管理方法。
An operation management method for managing the operation of a coke oven that carbonizes coal into coke,
For each carbonization chamber, a current rate of increase calculation step for calculating the current rate of increase (A), which is the rate of increase of the pushing force within the period after the nearest repair that is within the current repair cycle;
For each carbonization chamber, a past average increase rate calculating step for calculating a past average increase rate (B) that is an average of the increase rate of the pushing force within a plurality of past repair cycles;
An increase rate calculating step for calculating an increase rate (C = A / B) of the current increase rate (A) with respect to the past average increase rate (B) for each carbonization chamber;
The increase rate calculation increase rate calculated by step (C), when the coking chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1, which is defined in the range of 1.4 to 3 appeared, the extrusion force in the carbonization chamber An increasing tendency judgment step for judging whether the increase in the rate of increase is a tendency specific to the coking chamber or the tendency of the whole coke oven;
As a result of the determination in the increasing tendency determination step, if it is determined that the tendency is specific to the coking chamber, a repair instruction for the coking chamber is issued, and if it is determined that the tendency of the entire coke oven is determined, the coke oven is charged. An operation step of instructing adjustment of the blended coal.
増加傾向判断ステップにおける判断が、増加率(C)が所定の値aを超えた炭化室以外の炭化室における3分の2以上の炭化室の増加率が、前記所定の値aより小さな値として設定される1.2から2.8の範囲内で定められる所定の値a以上の場合にはコークス炉全体の傾向と判断し、それ以外の場合には増加率(C)が前記所定の値aを超えた炭化室固有の傾向と判断することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の操業管理方法。 Determination in increasing determination step, the increase rate (C) is more than two-thirds the rate of increase in the carbonization chamber of the coking chamber other than the carbonization chamber exceeds a predetermined value a 1 is smaller than the predetermined value a 1 Judging from 1.2 which is set as a value with a predetermined value a 2 or more of the entire coke oven when tends to be defined by the range of 2.8, the increase rate (C) is said otherwise The operation management method according to claim 4, wherein the tendency is determined to be a tendency unique to the carbonization chamber exceeding a predetermined value a 1 . コークス炉全体の傾向と判断された場合の指示ステップにおける配合炭の調整指示が、以下のように行われることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の操業管理方法。
(1)至近の期間におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(D)が、前記至近の期間を除く配合率安定期間内におけるコークス炉全体の炭化室の平均押出し力(E)の1.1倍以上の場合には、以下(a)または(b)の調整を行う。
(a)配合炭の管理基準値を超える管理項目があった場合には、該管理基準値を超える管理項目に対し、管理基準値内となるように所定の修正を行う。
(b)管理基準値を超える管理項目がない場合には、配合炭の特定銘柄の配合率を低下させる調整を行う。
(2)前記平均押出力(D)が前記平均押出力(E)の1.1倍未満の場合には、配合炭の揮発分の含有率を低下させる調整を行う。
The operation management method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein an instruction to adjust the blended coal in the instruction step when it is determined that the coke oven as a whole tends to be performed is performed as follows.
(1) The average pushing force (D) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the nearest period is 1. The average pushing force (E) of the coking oven in the coke oven in the blending rate stabilization period excluding the nearest period. In the case of 1 times or more, the following adjustment (a) or (b) is performed.
(A) When there is a management item exceeding the management standard value of the coal blend, a predetermined correction is made so that the management item exceeding the management standard value falls within the management standard value.
(B) When there is no management item exceeding the management reference value, adjustment is performed to reduce the blending rate of the specific brand of blended coal.
(2) When the average pressing force (D) is less than 1.1 times the average pressing force (E), adjustment is performed to reduce the content of volatile matter in the blended coal.
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