JP2006271208A - Method for purifying ground material of bivalve mature ovum as feed for bivalve floating larva using bivalve mature ovum as raw material - Google Patents
Method for purifying ground material of bivalve mature ovum as feed for bivalve floating larva using bivalve mature ovum as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims 5
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 206010013647 Drowning Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼育において二枚貝成熟卵を用いて二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物を餌料として利用するための二枚貝成熟卵を原料とする二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物の精製法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for purifying a bivalve mature egg ground product, which is a bivalve floating larvae feed using a mature bivalve egg as a feed, using a mature bivalve egg as a feed in breeding bivalve floating larvae. .
これまでの二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼育における生残・成長促進は、餌料となる微細藻類種による不飽和高度脂肪酸、蛋白含有量の強化等の検討、あるいは飼育密度、飼育水の管理技術によって行われていた。 Survival and growth promotion in the breeding of bivalve floating larvae so far has been carried out by studying the enhancement of unsaturated high fatty acid and protein content by microalgae species used as feed, or management technology of breeding density and breeding water It was.
しかし、従来の方法では浮遊幼生飼育において成長停滞や大量斃死の発生を回避できない事例が種や地域によって存在し、安定的な種苗生産に支障をきたして来た。
一方、イワガキ、クマサルボウ浮遊幼生での成長停滞や大量斃死が卵黄栄養の吸収終了期に発生すること、卵内の卵黄顆粒が餌料藻類より小型で経口摂取が可能な大きさであること、消化管壁細胞の表面構造から飲細胞作用による取り込みが期待できることが組織学的に確認されている。
However, there are cases where the conventional methods cannot avoid the growth stagnation and mass drowning in the breeding of floating larvae depending on the species and region, which has hindered stable seedling production.
On the other hand, growth stagnation and mass drowning in floating larvae and larvae are observed at the end of absorption of yolk nutrition, yolk granules in eggs are smaller than feed algae and are large enough to be taken orally. It has been confirmed histologically that uptake by the drinking cell action can be expected from the surface structure of the wall cell.
本発明は、上記のような課題に鑑み、その課題を解決すべく創案されたものであって、その目的とするところは、イワガキ、クマサルボウ浮遊幼生での成長停滞や大量斃死が卵黄栄養の吸収終了期に発生すること、卵内の卵黄顆粒が餌料藻類より小型で経口摂取が可能な大きさであること、消化管壁細胞の表面構造から飲細胞作用による取り込みが期待できることが組織学的に確認されたことに着目し、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼料として二枚貝成熟卵から卵黄顆粒を二枚貝浮遊幼生の経口摂取可能な直径1〜2ミクロンの細粒化した形状で採り出すことのできる二枚貝成熟卵を原料とする二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物の精製法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been devised in view of the problems as described above, and has been devised to solve the problems. The purpose of the present invention is to absorb growth of egg yolk nutrition due to growth stagnation and mass drowning in floating larvae Histologically, it occurs at the end stage, the yolk granule in the egg is smaller than the food algae and can be ingested orally, and the uptake of the cell can be expected from the surface structure of the gastrointestinal wall cells Focusing on the confirmed facts, bivalve mature eggs that can be taken in the form of fine particles of 1-2 microns in diameter that can be orally ingested by bivalve floating larvae as a feed for bivalve floating larvae An object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying a bivalve mature egg grind that is a bivalve floating larvae feed used as a raw material.
以上の目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明は、二枚貝から直径50ミクロン前後に達した成熟卵を得た後、この成熟卵をオープニング5〜10ミクロンのネットを用いて磨砕圧搾し、卵膜を分離して、成熟卵内部の卵黄顆粒が含まれた濾過物を得ると共に、この卵黄顆粒と卵膜を分離した後の濾過物をオープニング1〜2ミクロンのネットを用いてさらに磨砕圧搾し、その濾過物として二枚貝浮遊幼生が経口摂取可能な直径1〜2ミクロンの細粒化した二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物を得る手段よりなるものである。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention of claim 1, after obtaining a mature egg having a diameter of about 50 microns from a bivalve, the mature egg is crushed and pressed using an opening 5 to 10 micron net. The egg membrane is separated to obtain a filtrate containing the yolk granules inside the mature egg, and the filtrate after the egg yolk granules and the egg membrane are separated is further polished using an opening 1 to 2 micron net. It consists of a means for crushed and squeezed to obtain a refined bivalve mature egg clam with a diameter of 1 to 2 microns that can be taken orally by the bivalve floating larvae.
また、請求項2の発明は、二枚貝から直径50ミクロン前後に達した成熟卵を海水中に放出させ、海水中に放出させた成熟卵を集めて滅菌海水で洗浄した後、この成熟卵を変性を防ぐために氷冷水下でオープニング5〜10ミクロンのネットを用いて磨砕圧搾し、卵膜を分離して、成熟卵内部の卵黄顆粒が含まれた濾過物を得ると共に、この卵黄顆粒と卵膜を分離した後の濾過物をオープニング1〜2ミクロンのネットを用いてさらに磨砕圧搾し、その濾過物として二枚貝浮遊幼生が経口摂取可能な直径1〜2ミクロンの細粒化した二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物を得る手段よりなるものである。 According to the invention of claim 2, mature eggs having a diameter of about 50 microns from bivalves are released into seawater, mature eggs released into seawater are collected and washed with sterilized seawater, and then the mature eggs are denatured. In order to prevent the egg yolk granules and eggs from being removed, the egg membrane is separated by crushing and squeezing using an opening 5-10 micron net in ice-cold water to separate the egg membrane. The filtered product after separating the membrane is further crushed and pressed using a 1 to 2 micron opening, and as a filtered product, the bivalve mature eggs with a diameter of 1 to 2 microns that can be taken orally by floating bivalve larvae It consists of a means for obtaining a ground product.
以上の記載より明らかなように、本発明に係る二枚貝成熟卵を原料とする二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物の精製法によれば、二枚貝の直径50ミクロン前後に達した成熟卵から、直径1〜2ミクロンの卵黄顆粒を得ることができ、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼料として二枚貝成熟卵から卵黄顆粒を二枚貝浮遊幼生の経口摂取可能な1〜2ミクロンの形状で採り出すことができる。 As is clear from the above description, according to the method for purifying a bivalve mature egg ground product that is a bivalve floating larvae feed based on the bivalve mature egg according to the present invention, from a mature egg having a bivalve diameter of about 50 microns. Thus, yolk granules having a diameter of 1 to 2 microns can be obtained, and egg yolk granules can be extracted from a bivalve mature egg as a feed of bivalve floating larvae in a shape of 1 to 2 microns that can be orally ingested by bivalve floating larvae.
このようにして精製された二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料は、例えば−20℃以下で凍結保存され、凍結保存された二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物は、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼育時において、特定条件の下で、飼料として添加されることにより、D型期から殻頂期への生残率を向上させ、成長を促進する効果を奏する。また、浮遊幼生に発生するD型期から殻頂期にかけての大量斃死、成長停滞を軽減し、種苗生産数を向上させる効果を奏する。 The purified bivalve floating larvae feed purified in this way is, for example, cryopreserved at −20 ° C. or lower, and the frozen bivalve floating larvae feed is a bivalve mature egg grind that is subjected to specific conditions when raising bivalve floating larvae. When added as a feed, the survival rate from the D-type stage to the shell top stage is improved, and the effect of promoting growth is exhibited. In addition, it has the effect of reducing the mass drowning and growth stagnation from the D-type stage to the shell-top stage, which occurs in floating larvae, and improving the number of seedling production.
以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について説明する。
本発明を利用するためには、二枚貝から直径50ミクロン前後に達した成熟卵(図1参照)を得る必要がある。二枚貝から成熟卵を得る方法として、切開法と誘発法とがある。
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
In order to use the present invention, it is necessary to obtain mature eggs (see FIG. 1) having a diameter of about 50 microns from bivalves. Methods for obtaining mature eggs from bivalves include incision methods and induction methods.
切開法で二枚貝から成熟卵を得る場合は、閉殻筋を切断し軟体部を取り出した後、生殖腺の発達した個体を選び、雌雄の判別を顕微鏡下で行った後、雌の生殖腺を生鮮海水内で圧搾し成熟卵を海水中に放出する。 To obtain mature eggs from bivalves by incision, cut off the mollusc muscle and remove the soft body part, select individuals with developed gonads, discriminate between males and females under a microscope, and then place female gonads in fresh seawater Squeezed with to release mature eggs into seawater.
誘発法で二枚貝から成熟卵を得る場合は、紫外線照射海水に曝露し紫外線照射海水温度を上下させ産卵を誘発する事で成熟卵を海水中に放出させる。 When mature eggs are obtained from bivalves by the induction method, mature eggs are released into seawater by inducing UV spawning by exposing to UV-irradiated seawater and raising or lowering the temperature of UV-irradiated seawater.
得られた二枚貝の成熟卵はオープニング20ミクロンのネットで集め、高圧滅菌海水で洗浄する。集められた成熟卵は1〜2億個程となる。 The resulting bivalve mature eggs are collected on the opening 20 micron net and washed with autoclaved seawater. The collected mature eggs are about 1 to 200 million.
得られた1〜2億個程の成熟卵は、変性を防ぐために例えば0〜4℃の前後の氷冷水下でオープニング5〜10ミクロン、例えばオープニング5ミクロンのネトロンネットを用いて磨砕圧搾する。ネトロンネットは平面状になっており、その中央部表面側に成熟卵を集め、ネトロンネットの周囲を寄せ集めて袋状にして成熟卵をその袋状の内部側にする。 In order to prevent denaturation, the obtained about 100 million mature eggs are ground and squeezed using a netron net having an opening of 5 to 10 microns, for example, an opening of 5 microns, for example, under ice-cold water at around 0 to 4 ° C. . The netron net has a flat surface shape, and mature eggs are collected on the surface side of the central portion, and the surroundings of the netron net are gathered together to form a bag to make the mature egg the inner side of the bag.
そしてこれを外側から搾ると、その内部では一部の卵黄顆粒は同時に磨砕が行われるが、成熟卵中の卵膜はオープニング5ミクロンのネトロンネットを通過することができず、その内部に残留する。一方、5ミクロン以下の卵黄顆粒は濾過物としてオープニング5ミクロンのネトロンネットを通過する。このようにして成熟卵の卵膜は分離除去される一方、成熟卵内部の卵黄顆粒が含まれた濾過物が得られる。 When this is squeezed from the outside, some egg yolk granules are ground at the same time, but the egg membrane in the mature egg cannot pass through the opening 5 micron netron net and remains in the inside. To do. On the other hand, egg yolk granules of 5 microns or less pass through an opening 5 micron netron net as a filtrate. Thus, while the egg membrane of the mature egg is separated and removed, a filtrate containing the yolk granules inside the mature egg is obtained.
この卵黄顆粒と卵膜を分離した後の濾過物をオープニング1〜2ミクロンのネトロンネット、例えばオープニング1ミクロンのネトロンネットを用いてさらに磨砕圧搾する。袋状に搾られたネトロンネットの内部の一部の卵黄顆粒は圧搾の時、同時に磨砕されて大きめの卵黄顆粒集合体の一部は1〜2ミクロンの程度の大きさに磨砕される。そして、1ミクロン以下の卵黄顆粒は1ミクロンのネトロンネットを通過する。1ミクロンのネトロンネットの網目は少し弾性があると考えられ、2ミクロン程度の大きさの卵黄顆粒も拡がった網目から通過すると考えられる。現実的には1ミクロン以下のサイズになると卵黄顆粒個々の測定は不可能に近い。 The filtrate after separating the egg yolk granules and the egg membrane is further ground and pressed using an opening 1-2 micron netron net, for example, an opening 1 micron netron net. Some egg yolk granules inside the netron net squeezed into a bag are crushed at the time of pressing, and some of the larger yolk granule aggregates are crushed to a size of about 1 to 2 microns. . And egg yolk granules below 1 micron pass through a 1 micron netron net. The net of 1 micron netron net is considered to be slightly elastic, and egg yolk granules with a size of about 2 microns are considered to pass through the expanded net. Actually, when the size is 1 micron or less, it is almost impossible to measure individual yolk granules.
このようにして、二枚貝の成熟卵を原料として、卵膜を分離除去して、卵黄顆粒を二枚貝浮遊幼生の経口摂取可能な直径1〜2ミクロンに細粒化することで、本発明の二枚貝成熟卵を原料とする二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物が精製される。 In this way, using the mature eggs of bivalves as raw materials, the egg membranes are separated and removed, and the yolk granules are refined to a diameter of 1 to 2 microns that can be ingested by the bivalve floating larvae. Boiled clam mature egg grounds, which are bivalve floating larval feed made from eggs, are purified.
精製した二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物は、直径1〜2ミクロンの卵黄顆粒とその小規模な集合体(図2参照)で形成され、血球計算盤を用いて精製した卵黄顆粒の顆粒密度を確認して凍結保存する。凍結保存温度は−20℃以下が望ましい。 The refined bivalve floating egg crushed feed, which is a refined bivalve floating larval feed, is formed of egg yolk granules having a diameter of 1 to 2 microns and a small aggregate thereof (see FIG. 2), and the purified egg yolk granules using a hemocytometer Check granule density and store frozen. The cryopreservation temperature is desirably -20 ° C or lower.
そして、凍結保存された二枚貝浮遊幼生飼料である二枚貝成熟卵磨砕物は、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼育時において、特定条件の下で、飼料として添加されることにより、D型期から殻頂期への生残率を向上させ、成長を促進し、また、浮遊幼生に発生するD型期から殻頂期にかけての大量斃死、成長停滞を軽減し、種苗生産数を向上させる。 And the bivalve mature egg grind that is a frozen bivalve floating larvae feed is added as a feed under specific conditions at the time of breeding the bivalve floating larvae. Improves survival rate, promotes growth, reduces mass drowning and growth stagnation from D-type to shell crest occurring in floating larvae, and improves seedling production.
なお、本発明は上記発明を実施するための最良の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲で種々の改変をなし得ることは勿論である。 It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the best mode for carrying out the invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
本発明は、二枚貝人工種苗の安定生産を可能とし、水産業における増養殖分野(養殖業および栽培漁業)において貢献度が高い。 The present invention enables stable production of bivalve artificial seedlings and has a high contribution in the aquaculture field (aquaculture and cultivated fisheries) in the fishery industry.
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Cited By (2)
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JP2015146749A (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-20 | 長崎県 | Manufacturing method of feed for bivalve floating larva and zein embedded taurine pulverized material as feed for bivalve floating larva, and breeding method of bivalve floating larva |
WO2024210758A1 (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2024-10-10 | Planktonic As | Feed for larvae of aquatic animals |
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JPH08140588A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-04 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Feed for bivalve and culture of bivalve |
JP2002199847A (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-07-16 | Masato Kino | Feed for fish and shellfish |
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JPH06237706A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1994-08-30 | Minaminihon Rakunou Kyodo Kk | Method for growing juvenile bivalve using fine particle of artificial feed |
JPH08140588A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-04 | Nippon Nousan Kogyo Kk | Feed for bivalve and culture of bivalve |
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