JP2006266443A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Rotating body braking device and vehicle braking device applying the same

The present invention relates to a braking device for controlling the rotation of a rotating body using a hydraulic pump and a variable valve, and a vehicle braking device to which the device is applied .

The main braking devices currently in use are a drum brake and a disk brake, both of which have a mechanism for decelerating or stopping by pressing a rotating body and a non-rotating body and causing friction. Yes.
JP 2002-65877 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-30253

The conventional braking device requires a master cylinder, a wheel cylinder, and brake shoes and disk pads, which are consumables, and various parts associated with them. These manufacturing costs and maintenance costs are also expensive, and problems such as structural self-servoity, required oil pressure, and a fade phenomenon may occur. In addition to the regular brake device, vehicles need to be combined with hand brake levers , parking brake pedals , several cables, arms, levers, springs, etc. and must be equipped with a parking brake device that is not easy to install. . Furthermore, there is a concern about environmental pollution due to scattering of asbestos contained in the friction member.

The present invention eliminates a device for pressure-bonding a rotating body and a non-rotating body , has a simple structure, is inexpensive to produce, and is easy to maintain , and a vehicle- use brake device to which the braking device is applied and a simple operation using the same. It aims to provide a simple parking brake device.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, a closed circulation circuit of oil interlocked with a rotating body is formed, and the rotation of the rotating body is controlled by adjusting the flow of oil. Although the present invention uses a hydraulic pump and a variable valve, there are several types of hydraulic pumps, some of which cannot be used. The indispensable condition of the hydraulic pump that can be used in the present invention is that the oil can be surely delivered even if the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump rotates at a low speed, as a matter of course, the internal leakage of the oil is small. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to use a vane pump, a radial plunger pump, or the like that pushes oil by reciprocating a blade or a plunger by the eccentricity of the rotor and centrifugal force. Here, an easy-to-understand external gear pump is used for explanation.

In the first aspect of the invention, the valve inlet of the variable valve is connected from the discharge port of the hydraulic pump by an oil pipe A, and further connected from the valve outlet to the suction port of the hydraulic pump by an oil pipe B to form a closed circulation circuit. Fill. On the other hand, it connects so that rotation of the rotary body to be braked may be transmitted directly or indirectly to the pump drive shaft . Here, “directly transmit the rotation of the rotating body to be braked to the driving shaft of the hydraulic pump” means that the rotating shaft of the rotating body and the pump driving shaft are the same axis, and “the rotation of the rotating body is indirectly transmitted to the pump driving shaft”. “Transmitting” means transmitting the rotation from the rotating body to the pump drive shaft via a transmission device such as a gear or a chain.

If the braking device according to claim 1 may be damaged or damaged due to extremely high pressure or negative pressure, the following two valves are provided as shown in FIG. For one, a relief valve with a pressure adjustment bolt is connected to the oil pipe A via the relief valve inlet, and the oil relief outlet is connected to the oil tank. Secondly, a replenishing valve equipped with a pressure adjusting bolt is connected to the oil pipe B via a replenishing port, and the replenishing valve inlet is connected to an oil tank. The structure of the relief valve and the replenishing valve here is the same, but the relief valve corresponds to high pressure, whereas the replenishing valve corresponds to negative pressure and the usage is completely opposite. In the present invention, since the braking force is basically generated by suppressing the oil flow in the closed circuit, it is necessary to suppress the opening of the closed circuit to the outside by a relief valve or a refill valve as much as possible. For this purpose, it is desirable to further increase the strength of the closed circuit and to expand the range of the safe pressure.

A configuration when the invention of claim 2 is applied as a vehicle brake device will be described. The valve handle shown in FIG. 1 replaces the valve gear as indicated in FIG. In the case of a vehicle , there are a plurality of wheels corresponding to a rotating body, and one hydraulic pump is attached to each wheel portion. As shown in Fig. 2, the mounting method is to open a flange hole in the brake flange, attach the hydraulic pump to the outside through the pump drive shaft, attach the small gear to the inner pump drive shaft, and turn the large gear to the small gear. Attach to the hub while meshing. The oil pipes A coming out from the discharge ports of the respective hydraulic pumps are gathered together on the way, and the gathered oil pipes A are connected to the valve inlets of the variable valves. Similarly, the oil pipe B is also connected together and connected to the valve outlet of the same variable valve. The valve gear is engaged with both tooth racks . Next , a stopper is mounted on the variable valve so that the valve gear can be rotated by 90 degrees. The vehicle brake system according to claim 3 , wherein one end of both tooth racks is connected to a brake pedal via a rod, and a spring is attached to the rod and both tooth racks so that the brake pedal can be returned.

The structure of the parking brake device which uses together the service brake device of Claim 3 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 3, a parking button and a push latch are connected to both ends of the rack A, the rack A and the direction changing gear are meshed, and the direction changing gear is meshed with the rack B. Attach an eccentric gear, attach flat springs on both sides of rack B to hold it downward, attach a spring to the other end of rack B, and press the parking button when the brake pedal is depressed to stop the eccentric gear. The parking brake device according to claim 4, wherein the parking brake device is installed in combination with the rack so as to mesh with the rack.

Since the present invention has the structure described above, the following effects can be obtained.

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the gear rotating with the pump drive shaft by the throttle of the variable valve pressurizes the oil in the oil pipe A, and at the same time, the oil in the oil pipe B is depressurized to generate a negative pressure. In other words, two braking forces act on the gear: repulsion due to pressurization and pullback due to negative pressure. In addition, this means that the oil in the two pipes tries to maintain the balance of pressure with each other, and the load applied to each part of the device is reduced so as to suppress the widening of the oil pressure difference between the two pipes. The relief valve and replenishment valve respond to changes in hydraulic pressure that exceed the strength of the oil pipe, ensuring the safety of the closed circuit. Therefore, the present invention has a simple structure, excellent braking performance, high safety, and low cost economically, and its application range is immeasurable.

In the vehicle braking device according to the third aspect, many parts necessary for the conventional braking device can be omitted, and since no friction member is used, the asbestos is not scattered and is environmentally friendly.

The parking brake device according to claim 4 can be parked and released with one finger, and the conventional parking brake pedal and hand brake lever are removed, so that the interior of the vehicle can be made wider by that amount.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the principle of the present invention. When the rotation of the rotating body to be controlled is transmitted to the pump drive shaft 2 by fully opening the variable valve 9 in the closed circulation circuit of FIG. 1, the oil circulates smoothly in the closed circuit without resistance. Next, when the variable valve 9 is gradually throttled by the valve handle 12, the oil flow gradually stagnate, so that the rotation of the pump drive shaft 2 gradually slows down. That is, a braking force is generated here, and the rotation of the rotating body also slows down. Further, when the variable valve 9 is completely closed by the valve handle 12, when the rotational force of the pump main gear 3 is weaker than the braking force of the oil, the oil flow is completely stopped and as a result, the rotation of the rotating body to be controlled is completely stopped. To do. When the rotational force of the pump main gear 3 is expected to exceed the braking force of the oil, the relief valve 51 and the replenishing valve 52 shown in FIG. In summary, this is a braking device that conversely controls the rotation of the rotating body by circulating the oil in the closed circuit by the rotation of the rotating body to be controlled and adjusting the flow rate of the oil with the variable valve 9.

In FIG. 4, the safety maximum pressure of the relief valve 51 and the safety minimum pressure of the refill valve 52 are set by the pressure adjusting bolt 61. When the oil pressure of the oil pipe A7 now exceeds the safe maximum pressure, the valve stem 53 of the relief valve 51 is pushed up by the oil pressure, the oil flows to the oil tank, and the maintenance of the oil pipe in the high-pressure portion in the closed circuit is measured. On the other hand, when the oil pressure in the oil pipe B8 becomes negative and falls below the safe minimum pressure, the valve stem 53 of the refill valve 52 is sucked into the valve and the oil flows from the oil tank to the oil pipe B, and the oil pipe in the low pressure portion of the closed circuit is maintained. Is done. Even when the relief valve 51 and the replenishing valve 52 are in operation, the pump main gear 3 receives the pressure of the pressure adjusting spring 62 and is braked until the rotation completely stops. In this closed circuit, the higher the pressure resistance of the oil pipe against high pressure and negative pressure, the wider the range of hydraulic pressure that can be dealt with only in the circulation circuit, and as a result, oil escape and replenishment are suppressed, and the braking effect can be further enhanced. .

When the variable valve 9 is throttled, the oil in the oil pipe A7 is pressurized and at the same time the oil in the oil pipe B8 is depressurized. The gear acting on the oil is repelled by the pressurization in the oil pipe A and receives a pulling force by the pressure reduction in the oil pipe B. In other words, the gear receives two braking forces. Further, pressurization and depressurization occur at the same time, and the pressures in the two oil pipes try to balance each other, so the pressure in the oil pipe A7 does not increase extremely, and similarly the pressure in the oil pipe B8 does not decrease extremely. Therefore, neither the heat generated by pressurization nor the heat decrease by decompression is extremely increased, and the oil continues to circulate unless the variable valve 9 is completely closed, so that the oil heated in the oil pipe A7 is sent to the oil pipe B8, where Reduced heat. When the variable valve 9 is completely closed, if the rotational force of the gear is less than the braking force of the oil, the rotation of the gear is stopped, and if the rotational force of the gear exceeds the braking force of the oil, the relief valve 51 is In operation, the oil in the oil pipe A7 flows to the oil tank 60, and during that time, braking force is applied until the rotation of the gears stops. In addition, a sudden negative pressure lower than the minimum safe pressure in the oil pipe B8 operates the replenishment valve 52 to replenish oil from the oil tank 60 to the oil pipe B8, thereby maintaining the closed circuit.

Here, how the vehicle brake device according to claim 3 operates will be described. First, when the vehicle is traveling forward without stepping on the brake pedal 31, the rotation of the wheels is transmitted to the pump drive shaft 2 via the large gear 22 and the small gear 21, and the variable valve 9 is opened. As a result, the oil flows smoothly through the closed circuit and no brakes are applied to the rotating body, ie the wheels. Now, when the brake pedal 31 is gradually depressed, the both-tooth rack 32 is pushed in, the valve gear 33 meshing with the rack 32 starts to rotate, and the variable valve 9 is squeezed to close, so that oil does not flow easily. As a result, the rotation of the pump main gear 3 is braked. Therefore, the brake is applied to the pump drive shaft 2, the small gear 21, the large gear 22 and the wheels interlocked therewith, and the vehicle is decelerated. Next, when the brake pedal 31 is further fully depressed and the variable valve 9 is completely closed, the pump main gear 3 stops if the rotational force of the pump main gear 3 is less than the braking force of the oil, and if it exceeds, the relief valve. 51 is activated and the oil in the oil pipe A7 flows to the oil tank 60. During this time, if the decrease in the oil pressure in the oil pipe B exceeds the limit, the refill valve 52 is actuated to replenish the oil from the oil tank 60 to the oil pipe B8. . Since the resistance of the pressure adjusting spring 62 is also received during this series of strokes, the pump main gear 3 is braked until it stops rotating. When the rotation of the pump main gear 3 stops, the pump drive shaft 2, the small gear 21, the large gear 22, and the wheels that have been interlocked also stop and the vehicle stops. In the above, the operation of the braking device in which the vehicle according to claim 3 is traveling forward has been described. However, since oil flows backward when the vehicle moves backward, another set of the relief valve 51 is set to the oil pipe B8, and the supply valve 52 is set to the oil pipe. It must be newly installed in A7.

When a vehicle with an automatic transmission is temporarily stopped, the torque from the engine due to idling is always transmitted to the drive wheels of the vehicle even when the vehicle is completely stopped. The A7 oil continues to be pressurized with a low level. Since the oil circulation is stopped, heat is accumulated in the oil pipe A7. However, the heat accumulation can be suppressed by smoothly connecting the oil pipe A7 and the oil pipe B8 as much as possible so as to perform heat exchange smoothly. . In the case of sudden braking, the oil pipe A7 temporarily becomes high pressure and high temperature, and the oil pipe B8 becomes low pressure and low temperature, but the high temperature can be considerably reduced by the above piping. For the extremely high pressure on the oil pipe A7 side and the extremely low pressure on the oil pipe B8 side, the relief valve 51 and the replenishing valve 52 correspond.

FIG. 3 is a brake mechanism diagram of a service brake device according to claim 3 and a parking brake device that uses the service brake device in combination, and the operation of the parking brake device will be described based on this. While the vehicle is running, the brake pedal 31 is strongly depressed with the service brake device, and the vehicle is completely stopped. In order to park the vehicle, the parking button 41 is pressed to turn it on (pressed state). Then, both the tooth racks 32 and the eccentric gear 47 mesh with each other, and the brake pedal 31 remains in the depressed position even when the depressed foot is released. This is the parking state of the vehicle. Next, in order to release the parking brake, the brake pedal 31 is depressed with the foot and the parking button 41 is pressed to turn it off (in the pulled-out state). As a result, the eccentric gear 47 moves away from the both tooth racks 32 and the brake pedal 31 returns to the operable state. This is the parking brake release.

In addition to being used for vehicles such as automobiles, trains, trains, and heavy machinery, it is highly likely to be widely used in factories, factories, and various machine products.

It is a principle diagram of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which attached the braking device of this invention to the wheel of the vehicle. FIG. 2 is a mechanism diagram of a service brake in which the principle of the present invention is applied to a vehicle and a parking brake that uses the service brake. It is sectional drawing to which the replenishment valve, the variable valve, and the relief valve were attached.

Explanation of symbols

1 hydraulic pump 2 pump drive shaft 3 pump main gear 5 suction port 6 discharge port 7 oil pipe A
8 oil pipe B
9 Variable valve 10 Valve inlet 11 Valve outlet 12 Valve handle 21 Small gear 22 Large gear 23 Brake flange 25 Hub 26 Flange hole 31 Brake pedal 32 Double gear rack 33 Valve gear 34 Stopper 35 Wheel 36 Rod 37 Spring 41 Parking button 42 Rack A
43 push latch 44 direction change gear 45 rack B
46 Flat spring 47 Eccentric gear 51 Relief valve 52 Refill valve 53 Valve stem 54 Relief valve inlet 55 Relief port 56 Refill valve inlet 57 Refill port 60 Oil tank 61 Pressure adjusting bolt 62 Regulating spring

Claims (4)

An oil pipe A is connected from the discharge port of the hydraulic pump to the valve inlet of the variable valve, and further, an oil pipe B is connected from the valve outlet to the suction port of the hydraulic pump, and this closed circuit is filled with oil to be controlled. The rotation of the rotating body is transmitted directly or indirectly to the pump drive shaft, the oil is circulated by the rotation of the pump drive shaft, and the rotation of the pump drive shaft is controlled by adjusting the oil flow by operating the valve handle. A braking device that controls the rotation of the rotating body that is linked to it. The oil pipe A is connected to the relief valve inlet, the relief port and the oil tank are connected to the oil pipe by the oil pipe A, the oil pipe B is connected to the supply port, and the supply valve inlet and the oil tank are connected to the oil tank. 2. The braking device according to claim 1, wherein a supply valve connected by an oil pipe is incorporated in the oil pipe B. 3. The braking device according to claim 2, wherein the valve handle is replaced with a valve gear, and there are a plurality of wheels corresponding to the rotating body. In each wheel, a flange hole is formed in the brake flange, and a pump drive shaft is passed therethrough. Is attached to the outside, a small gear is attached to the inner pump drive shaft, a large gear is attached to the hub by meshing with the small gear, and a plurality of oil pipes A and a plurality of oil pipes B extending from a plurality of hydraulic pumps are respectively attached. Connected to the valve inlet and valve outlet together, meshed with the valve gear and mounted a double-tooth rack, mounted a stopper on the variable valve so that the valve gear can rotate only 90 degrees, brake pedal and double-tooth rack Are connected with a rod, a spring is attached to both tooth racks and the rod, and the rotation of multiple wheels is controlled simultaneously by operating the brake pedal. Rake apparatus. A parking button and a push latch are connected to both ends of the rack A, the rack A and the direction change gear are meshed, the direction change gear is meshed with the rack B, an eccentric gear is attached to one end of the rack B, and Install flat springs on both sides to hold downwards, and attach a spring to the other end of rack B. If the push latch is turned on (pressed) with the brake pedal depressed, both The parking brake device used together with the service brake device according to claim 3, which is installed at a position where the tooth rack and the eccentric gear mesh with each other and both are separated when turned off (drawn state).