JP2006250650A - Element analysis method and element analyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance analyzing sensitivity and analysis accuracy, regardless of the presence of a coexistent substance, by making a target element rapidly convert to a chemical substance stable in a high density and high-concentration state at a low temperature to evaporate the same, regardless of the difference in evaporation behavior and suppressing the lowering of loss and transfer efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: An ammonium halide is added to a sample (a solid-phase metal, a nonmetal or metal solution or a nonmetal solution) to heat the sample and the sample is converted to a chloride by the chemical reaction with a halogen produced by the sublimation pyrolysis accompanied by this heating to be evaporated/volatilized, while the evaporated/volatilized chloride gas is introduced into a chemical flame of AAS or plasma 20 of ICP through a transfer pipeline, and the absorbance or spectral intensity thereof is measured to quantify an element. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention includes metals such as iron, zinc, and alloys, or nonmetals such as graphite, sulfur, nitride, sulfide, carbide, blood, and particulate matter, or solutions thereof (hereinafter referred to as samples). By heating and vaporizing and introducing the gas into a chemical flame of atomic absorption spectrometry (hereinafter referred to as AAS) or plasma of inductively coupled high-frequency plasma spectroscopy (hereinafter referred to as ICP), and measuring the absorbance or emission intensity, The present invention relates to an element analysis method and an apparatus for quantifying an element which is a constituent element of the metal or nonmetal.

  Conventionally, when a target element is quantitatively analyzed by AAS method or ICP method by heating and vaporizing the sample, a chemical modifier such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. is added to the sample, and a hydride which is a gas by reaction of the target element and acid There is known a method in which the hydride is separated from the liquid phase and introduced into an AAS chemical flame or IPC plasma to quantitatively analyze the target element (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, for example, in order to evaporate and vaporize a trace amount of the target element in the sample such as zinc chloride, a large amount of nitric acid is added and heated, while in order to suppress negative interference due to coexisting chlorides such as sodium chloride, Ammonium sulfate is added at the same time to thermally decompose and sublimate sodium chloride, and the added ammonium sulfate is also thermally decomposed and removed, and then the atomized target element is introduced into the AAS chemical flame or ICP plasma for quantitative determination. Methods for analysis are also known.

JP-A-10-221250

  However, the former prior art can be applied only to the quantitative analysis of a specific element in a sample, and cannot be applied to the quantitative analysis of various elements in the sample. In addition, in the quantitative analysis of a specific element, in order to form a high-melting point oxide of the target (specific) element, a peak can hardly be detected at a low temperature of 1000 ° C. or lower, and The vaporization rate (thermal temperature rise rate) is very slow, such that sufficient evaporation and vaporization of the target element does not occur even at high temperatures and only low emission intensity is obtained. As a result, elements other than the specific element are specified. Not only is it impossible to perform a given quantitative analysis with high accuracy due to the difference in evaporation behavior from the element, but it also takes a long time to improve efficiency. Is not only bad, but the analytical sensitivity and accuracy are both low.

  On the other hand, the latter prior art is for removing a coexisting matrix other than the element for analysis, and the target element becomes a volatile compound in order to remove the adverse effect on the analysis accuracy due to the coexisting matrix, If the target element is lost at the stage before atomization or at the initial stage of atomization, or if the high-temperature furnace is a graphite furnace, a part of the target element penetrates into the graphite furnace itself, or carbide is generated. In addition, the analysis sensitivity is likely to be lowered, and the atomized target element is adsorbed on the wall surface of the transfer pipe that introduces the atomized target element into the chemical flame of AAS or plasma of ICP, and further loss and deterioration of transfer efficiency are caused. As a result, the analytical sensitivity and accuracy are inevitably lowered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to convert the target element into a stable chemical substance at a low temperature and quickly at a high density and a high concentration, regardless of the difference in evaporation behavior, An object of the present invention is to provide an elemental analysis method and apparatus capable of suppressing a loss and a decrease in transfer efficiency and realizing a significant improvement in predetermined analysis sensitivity and analysis accuracy regardless of the presence of coexisting substances.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the elemental analysis method according to the present invention comprises adding a solid phase metal or nonmetal, or a metal solution or nonmetal solution to which ammonium halide is added and heating, and sublimation pyrolysis accompanying this heating. The metal or non-metal is converted to chloride by chemical reaction with the halogen generated in the process, evaporated and volatilized, and the vaporized and volatilized chloride gas is introduced into the AAS chemical flame or ICP plasma to absorb the light. Alternatively, the element is quantified by measuring the spectral intensity.

  The element analyzer according to the present invention heats an analysis target sample in which ammonium halide is added to a solid phase metal or nonmetal, or a metal solution or nonmetal solution, and sublimation pyrolysis accompanying the heating. A high temperature furnace in which the metal or non-metal is converted to chloride by a chemical reaction with the generated halogen to evaporate and volatilize, and the chloride gas evaporated and volatilized in the high temperature furnace is contained in an AAS chemical flame or ICP It is characterized by comprising a gas transfer line to be transferred and introduced into the plasma, and an AAS apparatus or ICP apparatus for measuring the absorbance or spectral intensity of the chloride gas transferred through this transfer line.

  According to the present invention having the above structure, by adding ammonium halide to a sample (solid phase metal or nonmetal or metal solution or nonmetal solution), the elements in the sample undergo sublimation pyrolysis under low temperature heating. A chemical reaction with the generated halogen quickly converts to a low boiling point chloride, which is evaporated and volatilized, and the evaporated and volatilized chloride gas is transferred into the AAS chemical flame or ICP plasma. By introducing the light, it is excited instantaneously to generate light. By adding ammonium halide in this way, the target element in the sample can be vaporized as a high-density and high-concentration chloride gas without loss, and even if there are coexisting substances other than the target element, It can be modified by the addition of ammonium fluoride to reduce the matrix effect. Moreover, since the chloride gas generated by the halogenation method as described above is not an atomic state but a gas phase molecule, it is to the wall surface of the gas transfer conduit introduced into the AAS chemical flame or ICP plasma. Loss due to the adsorption of the water can be remarkably reduced, and the transfer efficiency can be remarkably improved. Therefore, regardless of the difference in evaporation behavior, there is an effect that it is possible to realize a significant improvement in analysis sensitivity and analysis accuracy of the target element in the sample.

  The amount of ammonium halide used in the elemental analysis method according to the present invention is 10 mg / ml or more and 100 mg / ml with respect to a sample solution concentration of 0.1 mg / ml as described in claim 2. It is desirable to set the concentration range below. If the amount of ammonium halide added is less than 10 mg / ml, it may be difficult to convert to a chloride that is easily vaporized by a chemical reaction depending on the type of the target element, and the concentration is 100 mg / ml or more. This is because the ammonium chloride evaporated and volatilized in the furnace becomes a white substance and adheres to the wall surface, which may deteriorate the reproducibility. As is clear from the experimental results described later, the optimum addition amount is 50 mg / ml.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an outline of an element analyzing apparatus used for carrying out the element analyzing method according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is an electric furnace which is an example of a high temperature furnace, 6 is a torch of an ICP apparatus A (hereinafter referred to as an ICP torch), and the electric furnace 1 includes a bowl-shaped upper electrode 2 and a lower electrode 3. An insulating ring 4 that electrically insulates the upper and lower electrodes 1 and 2 is provided, and a graphite crucible 5 for sample heating and vaporization is set on the lower electrode 3 at the center position inside the bowl-shaped upper electrode 2.

  In the bowl-shaped upper electrode 2 in the electric furnace 1, an argon (hereinafter abbreviated as Ar) carrier gas inlet 7, outlet 8, and cooling water for transferring and introducing a chloride gas, which will be described later, to the ICP torch 6. An inlet 9 and an outlet 10 are formed. A through-hole 11 is formed in the central peripheral wall portion of the graphite crucible 5 to flow the chloride gas generated in the graphite crucible 5 to the outlet 8 together with the Ar carrier gas supplied from the inlet 7. The outlet 8 is connected to a gas transfer line 12 for transferring the chloride gas and Ar carrier gas to the ICP torch 6 for introduction, and the transfer line 12 is connected to an Ar purge gas inlet 13 and A four-way valve 15 having a discharge port 14 is interposed.

  The ICP torch 6 includes an outer quartz tube 17 connected to the Ar plasma gas inlet 16, an inner quartz tube 18 connected to the auxiliary Ar gas inlet 27, and an induction coil 19 for forming a high-frequency magnetic field. A plasma 20 is formed. In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes an Ar carrier support gas supply port. Also, in the ICP device, the chloride gas is atomized and introduced into the ICP torch 6 so that the light generated by excitation by thermal energy is divided into the spectrum specific to the target element and the intensity of the spectrum is detected. A spectrometer for measuring the concentration of the element is provided. This spectroscope may be a Paschen Runge or Evert mounting using a diffraction grating, or a sequential type using an Echelle grating such as Evert or Zernitana mounting, since these are well known. Detailed description and illustration are omitted.

Next, an analysis operation by the element analysis apparatus having the above configuration will be described.
A sample (metal) solution added with ammonium halide (NH ₄ Cl) is dropped into the graphite crucible 5, and the graphite crucible 5 is set on the lower electrode 3 in the electric furnace 1. After the electric furnace 1 is closed, a predetermined power is passed between the upper and lower electrodes 2 and 3 for a predetermined time to heat and evaporate and evaporate moisture by heating the sample solution. Next, the electric power is raised and the temperature is raised and heated. As the temperature rises and heats, the ammonium halide is sublimated and pyrolyzed, and at the same time, a halogen or vapor phase hydrogen halide is generated. The target element in the sample is converted to chloride by the chemical reaction with and vaporized and volatilized as a high-density and high-concentration chloride gas.

An example of the chemical reaction formula in the graphite crucible 5 is as follows.
M + NH ₄ Cl → M + NH ₃ + HCl → MCl + NH ₃ + 1 / 2H ₂
Here, M is a metal solution.

  The evaporated and volatilized chloride gas is sent to the transfer pipe 12 through the through hole 11 and the outlet 8 by the Ar carrier gas supplied from the inlet 7 into the graphite crucible 5, and then in the transfer pipe 12. Is introduced into the plasma 20 formed at the tip of the ICP torch 6 in an atomized state. The chloride gas introduced into the plasma 20 is excited by thermal energy to generate light, the light is divided into a spectrum peculiar to the target element, and the intensity of the spectrum is detected by a spectroscope. And the target element is quantitatively analyzed.

  As described above, by adding ammonium halide to a sample solution (metal solution or non-metal solution) and heating it, the target element can be quickly recovered by chemical reaction with halogen generated by sublimation pyrolysis at low temperature. It is possible to evaporate and volatilize it as a high-density and high-concentration chloride gas by converting it into a chloride having a low boiling point, and by transferring and introducing the chloride gas into the plasma 20 formed by the ICP torch 6 Because it is possible to generate light by exciting it instantly, even if there are coexisting substances other than the target element, it can be modified by adding ammonium halide to reduce the matrix effect (chemical interference) It is. Further, since the chloride gas generated by the halogenation method as described above is a gas phase molecule, there is almost no loss such as adsorption to the wall surface of the gas transfer pipe 12 introduced into the plasma of ICP, and the transfer efficiency. As a result of these synergistic effects, quantitative analysis of the target element in the sample can be performed with high sensitivity and high accuracy regardless of the difference in evaporation behavior.

Incidentally, the present inventor conducted the following experiment in order to confirm the above-described effects by the element analysis method according to the present invention.
(1) Test equipment and instruments Electric furnace: Impulse furnace of inert gas melting-infrared absorber (EMGA-520) manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. ICP torch: ULTIMA2 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
Transfer pipe: Teflon (registered trademark) pipe with an inner diameter of 3 mm Graphite crucible: Outer diameter 14 mm, inner diameter 11 mm, height 25 mm (including foot height 51 mm, diameter 7 mm)
Temperature measurement of graphite crucible: Monochromatic pyrometer made by Topcon (OEP-PM-900, measuring range 420-2000 ° C)
Pure water manufacturing equipment for standard solution dilution: Milli-Q Element manufactured by Nihon Millipore
Chemical balance: Electronic balance GR-120 manufactured by A & D
(2) ICP measurement conditions and electric furnace temperature conditions ICP:
Frequency 40.68MHz
Output 1.3kW
Ar gas flow ratio Plasma gas 14.01 l / min.
Auxiliary gas 2.4 l / min.
Carrier gas 0.5 l / min.
Support gas 1.0 l / min.
Purge gas 1.0 l / min.
Induction coil height 15mm
Energizing time 20 sec.
Wavelength 213.86nm
Electric furnace temperature program Drying 120 sec. at 100 ° C
Evaporation 5 sec. at 2000 ℃
Sample volume 10 μl
(3) Test reagent Sample solution Zinc nitrate (hexahydrate, purity 99%) Special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Zinc chloride (purity 98%) Special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Zinc nitrate (7 water) (Japanese product, purity 99.5%) Special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Chemical modifier Ammonium chloride (present product, purity 99%) Special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Sodium chloride (Comparative product 1) Wako Pure Special grade reagent manufactured by Yakugyo Co., Ltd. Hydrochloric acid (comparative product 2, purity 30%) TAMAPURE-AA-100 manufactured by Tama Chemical Co., Ltd.
Zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and zinc nitrate were weighed with an electronic balance to prepare aqueous solutions each having a zinc concentration of 100 mg / ml, and this solution was diluted to prepare a 0.1 mg / ml zinc standard solution.

(4) Analytical Operation To a graphite crucible, 10 μl of a 0.1 mg / ml zinc solution containing ammonium chloride (50 mg / ml) was dropped and set on the lower electrode. After closing the furnace, a power of 0.15 kW (about 100 ° C.) was applied for 120 sec. Energizing to evaporate the moisture, then raising the power to 3.5 kW (about 2000 ° C.) for 5 sec. Heating was applied for a while to evaporate and volatilize zinc as chloride. The evaporated and volatilized chloride was introduced into ICP plasma with Ar carrier gas, and 0.2 sec. Every 20 sec. The emission spectrum intensity of zinc (zinc chloride) was determined from the peak area ratio accumulated over time.

(5) Experimental results and discussion Regarding the flow rate of Ar carrier gas:
FIG. 2 shows that Ar carrier gas is 0.3 to 1.1 l / min. It is a graph which shows the value of the emitted light intensity of zinc chloride when it changes in the range of.
As is apparent from FIG. 2, the Ar carrier gas flow rate is 0.45 l / min. If it is less, vaporized zinc chloride is adsorbed on the inner wall of the pipe line in the furnace and in the course of introduction into the plasma, so that the emission spectrum intensity is low, while the Ar carrier gas flow rate is 0.60 l / min. . When the above is reached, the total amount of gas introduced into the ICP torch is 1.6 l / min. Therefore, the central temperature of the plasma was lowered and zinc chloride was not sufficiently excited, and the emission spectrum intensity was lowered. From the above results, the optimum Ar carrier gas flow rate is 0.50 l / min. Decided to use.

About vaporization temperature and time:
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of examination of the optimum vaporization temperature of each of the sample solutions of zinc chloride (ZnCl ₂ ), zinc nitrate {Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ }, and zinc sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ). .
As is apparent from FIG. 3, both Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ and ZnSO ₄ do not evaporate and vaporize even when heated by forming a high melting point oxide of zinc. It can be seen that almost no peak is detected and the emission spectrum intensity is low even at 2000 ° C. or higher, while ZnCl ₂ has a peak detected even at about 500 ° C. or lower and is easily vaporized even at low temperatures. However, even in the case of ZnCl ₂ , the peak shape is broad, and all zinc is not vaporized within the measurement time, and the emission spectrum intensity is not a sufficient value. Moreover, at 600-1700 degreeC, the emission spectrum intensity of zinc shows a high value with the fall of temperature, but it does not become a constant value. Further, at 1700 ° C. or higher, the emission spectrum intensity is a substantially constant value, but is about ½ of the intensity at 600 ° C. Further, at 2000 ° C. or higher, a large amount of carbon vapor is generated, and this vapor decreases the excitation efficiency of the plasma, so that the relative variation coefficient increases. When the ICP output was increased from 1.0 kW to 1.3 kW in order to improve the excitation efficiency, the emission spectrum intensity of zinc was about 1.5 times. From the above results, it was decided to use about 2000 ° C. as the optimum vaporization temperature of ZnCl ₂ and 1.3 kW as the IPC output. The drying temperature is 0.15 kW (about 100 ° C.) in order to suppress the evaporation and vaporization of chloride from around 0.35 kW (about 200 ° C.) and to prevent the sample from scattering due to rapid moisture evaporation. The drying time is 100 sec. In the following, since the fluctuation of the baseline becomes large, 120 sec. It was.

About chloride addition effect:
Table 1 shows chemical modifiers that suppress the formation of oxides and easily generate chlorides in a form that is easily vaporized, and include ammonium chloride (halogenated) (NH ₄ Cl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride ( Comparison of emission spectrum intensity when 50 mg / ml of NaCl) was added to each sample solution having a zinc concentration of 0.1 mg / ml, and the effect of adding a chemical modifier of ZnCl _{2 was} compared with the case of no addition (None) The result calculated | required as a ratio is shown. FIG. 4 is an emission spectrum intensity profile when each chemical modifier (NH ₄ Cl, HCl, NaCl) is added to Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ .

As is apparent from Table 1 and FIG. 4, ZnCl ₂ has an emission spectrum intensity of 1.2 times that of None when NH ₄ Cl or HCl is added, but it increases with the addition of NaCl. There was almost no sensation effect. By adding HCl to ZnSO ₄ , the sensitizing effect is about 8 times that of None, but only 8% of the emission spectrum intensity is obtained as compared with the case of ZnCl ₂ . On the other hand, when HCl was added to NH ₄ Cl and NaCl, a sensitization effect about 100 times that of None was obtained, and the emission spectrum intensity was almost the same as that of ZnCl ₂ . Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂
Then, the addition of NH ₄ Cl or HCl provides a sensitizing effect 16 to 20 times that of None. Here, compared with the case of None, the addition time of NaCl is about 6 sec. Although faster, the sensitizing effect is about 3 times, and the emission spectrum intensity is about 20% of ZnCl ₂ . From the above results, it was found that ammonium chloride (halogenated) ammonium (NH ₄ Cl) is the most suitable chemical modifier that easily generates ZnCl 2 in each sample solution.

Regarding the addition amount of ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl):
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of examining the sensitizing effect when NH ₄ Cl is added in a concentration range of 0.005 to 50 mg / ml with respect to each sample solution having a zinc concentration of 0.1 mg / ml. . As is clear from FIG. 5, ZnCl ₂ and Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ have no change in emission spectrum intensity up to the addition amount of NH ₄ Cl up to 0.5 mg / ml, but ZnSO ₄ has the addition amount. The emission spectrum intensity was about 1/2 at 50 mg / ml at 5 mg / ml and about 1/20 at 0.5 mg / ml. ZnSO ₄ hardly becomes a chloride when a small amount of NH ₄ Cl is added, and when the addition amount of NH ₄ Cl is 50 mg / ml, the emission spectrum intensities of the sample solutions are almost equal. When the amount of NH ₄ Cl added was 50 mg / ml or more, the reproducibility deteriorated because excess NH 4 Cl evaporated and volatilized in the furnace became a white substance and adhered to the furnace wall surface. From the above results, the amount of NH ₄ Cl added is preferably 10 mg / ml or more and less than 100 mg / ml with respect to the sample solution concentration of 0.1 mg / ml, more preferably 50 mg. It turned out to be ml. That is, the amount of ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl) added is preferably 100 times or more and less than 1000 times, more preferably 500 times the sample solution.

About the linearity and detection limit of calibration curves:
When ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl) was added, a calibration curve with good linearity was obtained in the zinc content of zinc chloride (ZnCl) in the range of 5 to 100 mg / l, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9997. . The reproducibility of the 100 mg / l zinc solution prepared using ZnCl ₂ , Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ , and ZnSO _{4 according} to this experiment is 1.4, 4.3, 2.9% (relative standard deviations, respectively). n = 6). Further, the detection limit (three times the standard deviation of the blank value) when the NH ₄ Cl solution (50 mg / ml) was blank was about 60 pg. Furthermore, the analysis time was about 3 minutes per analysis, and the same graphite crucible could be used repeatedly up to about 200 times.

  In the above experimental examples, the sample using zinc as the sample has been described. However, various metal elements such as nickel, which easily generate a halogen compound, graphite, sulfur, nitride, sulfide, carbide, blood, particulate matter, etc. The present invention can be applied to quantitative analysis of elements in nonmetals, and not only to metals or nonmetal solutions, but also to quantitative analysis of solid metals such as alkali metals or elements in nonmetals.

  In the above embodiment and experimental examples, the ICP apparatus A is used as an analysis apparatus. However, an AAS apparatus B as shown in FIG. 6 may be used. Since this AAS apparatus B is well-known, its details will be omitted, but only the outline will be described. A flame (high temperature flame) formed by the AAS burner 21 through the transfer pipe 12 for the chloride gas generated in the electric furnace 1. When introduced into 22 and heated, the chloride gas is pyrolyzed into atomic vapor of the target element, and light having a wavelength specific to that element is emitted from a light source 23 such as a hollow cathode discharge tube or non-polar discharge tube. The target element is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the amount of light absorption (absorbance) with a detector 25 such as a photomultiplier tube through a spectroscope 24 using a filter or diffraction grating. As in the case of using the ICP device, it is possible to exhibit high analysis sensitivity and analysis accuracy.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the outline | summary of the elemental analyzer used in order to implement the elemental analysis method which concerns on this invention. It is one of the experimental results of this invention, and is a graph which shows the relationship between Ar carrier gas flow volume and the emission spectrum intensity of zinc. It is one of the experimental results of the present invention and is a graph showing the relationship between the vaporization temperature of zinc and the emission spectrum intensity. It is one of the experimental results of the present invention, and is an emission spectrum intensity profile when various chemical modifiers are added to zinc nitrate. It is one of the experimental results of this invention, and is a graph which shows the sensitization effect when changing the addition amount of ammonium chloride with respect to various zinc samples. It is a schematic diagram which shows other embodiment of the elemental analyzer based on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Electric furnace (high temperature furnace)
6 ICP Torch 12 Gas Transfer Line 20 Plasma 21 AAS Burner 22 Flame (High Temperature Alem)
A ICP device B AAS device

Claims (3)

  Ammonium halide is added to a solid phase metal or nonmetal or metal solution or nonmetal solution and heated, and the metal or nonmetal is converted into chloride by a chemical reaction with halogen generated by sublimation pyrolysis accompanying this heating. Evaporation and volatilization after conversion, and then the vaporized and volatilized chloride gas is introduced into a chemical flame for atomic absorption spectrometry or plasma for inductively coupled radiofrequency spectroscopy, and the element is quantified by measuring the absorbance or spectral intensity. The elemental analysis method characterized by this.   The elemental analysis according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the ammonium halide is set to a concentration range of 10 mg / ml or more and less than 100 mg / ml with respect to a metal solution or nonmetal solution concentration of 0.1 mg / ml. Method.   A sample to be analyzed in which ammonium halide is added to a solid phase metal or nonmetal, or a metal solution or nonmetal solution, and the metal or nonmetal is reacted by a chemical reaction with halogen generated by sublimation pyrolysis accompanying the heating. A high-temperature furnace that converts metal into chloride and evaporates and volatilizes; and a gas transfer line that transports and introduces the chloride gas evaporated and volatilized in the high-temperature furnace into an AAS chemical flame or ICP plasma An elemental analyzer comprising: an atomic absorption spectrometer or an inductively coupled high-frequency plasma spectrometer that measures the absorbance or spectral intensity of the chloride gas transferred through the transfer pipe.

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