JP2006213622A - Persimmon fruit moth communication-disturbing agent and persimmon fruit moth communication-disturbing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a persimmon fruit moth (Stathmopoda masinissa) communication-disturbing agent containing a sex pheromone secreted by a female of a persimmon fruit moth as an active ingredient. <P>SOLUTION: This communication-disturbing agent is prepared by solely using E4,Z6-16:OAc [(E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate], E4,Z6-16:Ald [(E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadienal], or E4,Z6-16:OH [(E4,Z6)-4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol] which are each identified as a component of the sex pheromone of the persimmon fruit moth or appropriately mixing the three components. Further, it is confirmed that the communication-disturbing agent which is prepared as a mixture, by mixing 6 mg of the E4,Z6-16:Ald into 100 mg of the E4,Z6-16:OAc, and comprises a two-component system is extremely improved in a communication-disturbing effect, when compared with that of a one-component system. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a communication disruptor for oyster leaf moth, and a method for disrupting oyster leaf moth, and in particular, disrupts communication by sex pheromone between male and female oyster leaf moths that cause damage to oyster fruit, thereby reducing the mating rate. The present invention relates to a communication disturbance agent for oyster leaf moth, and a communication disturbance method for burrowing leaf moth.

  Conventionally, as the most important pest that causes phytotoxicity to oyster fruits, oyster leaf moth belonging to the subfamily of Bultivaceae is a known family. The larvae of the oyster bark beetle invade the immature oyster fruit before harvesting, causing damage such as decay or discoloration of the fruit. And the fruit which decayed etc. moved to other fruit before falling from a tree, and the same food damage as the above is repeated. As a result, oyster fruits may be damaged by several to tens of larvae per individual.

  Therefore, the cultivating farmers who cultivate oysters employ various methods in order to prevent the damage caused by the oyster stag beetle, and control them. The most common method is to spray a solution of acetamiprid, a solution of acephate, a pesticide or insecticide such as a bidet emulsion before or after invasion of the fruit of oyster leaf moth, adult and larvae What is known to prevent the invasion of In this case, it is most effective to concentrate the spraying of agricultural chemicals during the period when the larvae are in the middle-aged period, and after eating damage to one oyster fruit and then moving (transferring) to the fruit. It is known. For this reason, oyster growers pay close attention to determining the time of spraying that can most effectively control oyster moths by spraying pesticides and the like.

  On the other hand, insects (especially moths) are known to communicate with males at the time of mating by utilizing sex pheromones secreted by females based on their biological research results. The components of this sex pheromone are known to vary depending on the type of cocoon, and the sex pheromone identified for each cocoon is artificially synthesized and sprayed on the field where the crop is cultivated, so that the male and female mating Activities are disrupted to reduce the mating rate. As a result, egg laying and hatching of the next generation larvae are prevented, and the probability that insects that damage crops in the field are reduced. At this time, by releasing a large amount of all sex pheromone components in the field as well as secretion from females, or males, the nerve center is paralyzed by accustoming to sex pheromones, The useless stereotactic behavior performed to identify the source of the sex pheromone reduces the chance of encountering and mating with a female.

  An example of the communication disrupting agent and the communication disturbing method is as follows. For mugwort, cis-3,4-epoxy (6Z, 9Z) -nonadecadien and cis-6,7-epoxy- (3Z, 9Z)- The thing using the communication disturbance agent which contains nonadecadiene and cis-9,10-epoxy- (3Z, 6Z) -nonadecadiene as an active ingredient is indicated (refer to patent documents 1). The component of the sex pheromone used as a communication disrupter is the artificial synthesis of a natural compound secreted from female moths by chemical reaction, which has a direct effect on the soil and crops in the field, and There is almost no impact on the environment around the field and there is no impact on the human body. Moreover, the present inventors have already identified the component of the sex pheromone which concerns on the oyster leaf moth (refer nonpatent literature 1).

JP 2003-81718 A Naka, H .; , Et al, Sex pheromone of the persimmon fruit moth, Statmopoda masisisisa: identification and laboratory bioassay of (4E, 6Z) -4, 6-di-a-1 , J. et al. Chem. Ecol. Vol. 29, p2429-2441, 2003

  However, the above-described method for preventing food damage caused by stag beetles sometimes causes the following problems. In other words, when using pesticides to chemically control oyster fly moths, the spraying time of pesticides, etc. corresponds to the middle ages of the oyster fly moth larvae, or the mating adults It was limited to a very short period of time, such as the period until the larvae that had laid eggs and hatched entered the fruit.

  Therefore, the oyster farmer sometimes fails to obtain a sufficient control effect due to the pesticide by losing the optimal timing of spraying the pesticide due to circumstances such as the weather. Furthermore, the use of pesticides may affect the field and the surrounding environment, etc., and the use of these pesticides has been discouraged due to the recent consumer preference for pesticide-free cultivation.

  On the other hand, a communication disrupter using a sex pheromone is a very useful means because it is not necessary to consider the problems caused by agricultural chemicals. However, since the types and chemical characteristics of the sex pheromones that are subject to communication disruption differ depending on the individual insect (pest), it is necessary to clarify the chemical structure of each pest. In addition, there are many types of moss, and there are many unexplained researches on the disruption of communication with the oyster moth, which belongs to the subfamily of the genus Phytoseiidae, which causes damage to oyster fruits. There was no current specification of how to use. For this reason, oyster farmers have been expected to develop specific methods and conditions for biological control by using components of the sex pheromone of oyster leaf moth as a communication disrupter.

  Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention identifies a component of a sex pheromone secreted by females of oyster fly moths, a communication disruptor for oyster leaf moths using the component of the sex pheromone as a communication disrupter, and a method for disrupting the communication of oyster fly moths. Providing is an issue.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive research on the component of the sex pheromone of the oyster leaf moth, identified the following three components as the active component that disrupts the communication of the potato leaf moth, It was found that by efficiently spraying in the field, the communication of oyster leaf moths was disturbed to reduce the mating rate and the hatching rate of larvae.

  In other words, the communication disrupter for oyster leaf moths of the present invention is “a turbulent communication disrupter for oyster leaf moths that disrupts the communication between males and females by the sex pheromone of the oyster leaf moth, and reduces the mating rate, (4E, 6Z) -4,6- It is mainly composed of “containing hexadecadienyl acetate as an active ingredient”. Note that (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienyl is referred to as E4, Z6-16: OAc or communication disrupting agent A in the following specification.

  Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned constitution, the communication disrupter for oyster leaf moth of the present invention includes “(4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal and (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadien-1- It is comprised from what contains any one of oar as an active ingredient. (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal (4,6-hexadecadienal) will be referred to as E4, Z6-16: Ald or communication disrupter B in the following specification. In addition, (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol is referred to as E4, Z6-16: OH or communication disrupting agent C in the following specification. Shall be referred to as

  Furthermore, in addition to the above-described constitution, the communication disruptor for oyster leaf beetle according to the present invention is “the E4, Z6-16: OAc is 80.0 wt% or more and 99.0 wt% or less, E4, Z6-16: Ald and E4 , Z6-16: OH is contained in an amount of 1.0 wt% or more and 20.0 wt% or less ”.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the E4, Z6-16: OAc is used as a main component of the communication disrupter for the kakinohatamashiga, and E4, Z6-16: OAc is used alone or E4, Z6-16. : OAc 80.0 wt% or more, 99.0 wt% or less, E4, Z6-16: Ald and E4, Z6-16: OH 1.0 wt% or more, 20.0 wt% or less A communication disrupting agent is formed which is contained at a ratio of Thereby, the communication by the sex pheromone of the red-footed beetle can be disturbed, and the mating rate can be lowered. In particular, a communication disrupting agent having two components as active ingredients by mixing E4, Z6-16: OAc with any one of E4, Z6-16: Ald and E4, Z6-16: OH at a predetermined ratio. By using it, it is shown that the communication disturbance effect of the mating rate appears remarkably.

  Further, the method for disrupting the communication of the oyster leaf beetle of the present invention is a method for disrupting the communication of the oyster leaf beetle, which disrupts the communication between males and females by the sex pheromone of the oyster leaf moth, and reduces the mating rate, (4E, 6Z) -4,6- Hexadecadienyl acetate is 80.0 wt% or more and 99.0 wt% or less, (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal and (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadien-1 -A communication disrupter containing 1.0% by weight or more and 20.0% by weight or less of any one of the oars is sprayed on the field.

  Therefore, according to the method for disrupting the contact of oyster leafhopper of the present invention, by using the communication disruption agent having the above-mentioned two components as the active ingredients and spraying it on the field, the contact with the sex pheromone of the leafhopper moth is disturbed and the mating rate is lowered. Can be made.

  As an effect of the present invention, the use of the three components (communication disruptor A, communication disruptor B, communication disruptor C) identified as the sex pheromone component of the oyster leaf moth, to cause the damage to the oyster fruit that causes phytotoxicity to oyster fruit. In contrast, a strong communication disruption effect can be produced. This reduces the male / female mating rate in the field. As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of eggs laid in the field and to suppress the hatching and generation of the next-generation oyster leaf moth larvae that feed on oyster fruits. Therefore, it is possible to drastically reduce the number of larvae of oyster fly moths in the field and prevent food damage. Furthermore, since it has less influence on the field and the environment around the field than pesticides and the like, it is possible to control oyster leaf moths safely and efficiently.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with regard to the communication disturbance agent for oyster leafhopper (hereinafter referred to as “communication disturbance agent”) and the method for disrupting the communication of potato leafhopper. Here, in the communication disrupting agent of the present embodiment, the communication disrupting agent A (E4, Z6-16: OAc, refer to Chemical Formula 1) identified as a component of the sex pheromone of oyster fly moth, communication disrupting agent B (E4, Z6-16) : Ald, see chemical formula 2), and communication disrupter C (E4, Z6-16: OH, see chemical formula 3). Further, in this embodiment, the communication disrupter A is used as a main active ingredient for the communication disturbance of the oyster leaf moth, and the communication disrupter B or the communication disrupter A is a single substance of the communication disruptor A or the communication disrupter A. An example of a communication disrupting agent using a disturbing agent C mixed at a predetermined ratio as a binary mixture and a method for disrupting the communication of the red-tailed moth is shown.

  As shown above, the communication disruptor A, the communication disruptor B, and the communication disruptor C are all based on hydrocarbons formed by linearly bonding 16 carbon atoms in the 4th and 6th positions. Compound in which double bonds are formed at two positions. And it has an approximate chemical structure in which each functional group (acetoxy group, aldehyde group, hydroxyl group) is bonded to the straight chain end. The communication disturbing agent A, the communication disturbing agent B, and the communication disturbing agent C can be artificially synthesized by a normal chemical reaction. These were synthesized in large quantities and used in this embodiment. Note that the communication disrupting agent A contains a trace amount of geometric isomers produced in the synthesis process.

  First, the single communication disturbance effect of the communication disrupter A will be described. Prepare a polyethylene tube with an outer diameter of 1.41 mm, an inner diameter of 0.81 mm, and a length of 20 cm as a pre-stage of communication disruption. Enclose 100 mg of communication disruptor A in the inner space of the tube, and use a sustained-release dispenser. Make several (several hundreds). Since this dispenser is made of resin, it is easily foldable and can be easily fixed when it is wound around an oyster tree or the like. And by winding this dispenser around a tree, the communication disrupting agent A can be gradually diffused to the field where oyster fruits are grown. In addition, about 1.1 mg / day is used for the emission rate of the communication disrupting agent A by the dispenser used in this embodiment.

  On the other hand, the 50a field where oyster fruits are grown is divided into areas of 10a (= “A”), 10a (= “B”), and 30a (= “C”). Thereafter, the 30 dispensers thus prepared were wound around the branches of oysters and fixed so as to be distributed substantially uniformly with respect to the A section. On the other hand, with respect to the B section, 180 dispensers were fixed in the same manner as the A section so as to be distributed substantially uniformly. In C, the dispenser was not fixed as a control group for the experiment, and the cultivation was performed in the same manner as normal oyster cultivation. Here, the number of dispensers wound and fixed on the same area is different between the A section and the B section. That is, the number of dispensers per 1a (dispenser distribution rate) is A section = 3 / a, B section = 18 / a, and C section = 0 / a. That is, six times as many dispensers as the A ward are wound and fixed on the B ward.

  After that, after wrapping the dispenser to the A and B zones, it is confirmed that the communication disrupting agent A has been sufficiently dissipated in the field from the dispenser that exerts the sustained release action of the communication disrupting agent A after a predetermined period. Then, the mating inhibitory effect in the field was confirmed after about 2 weeks (D1), about 3 weeks (D2), about 4 weeks (D3), and about 5 weeks (D4) after winding. Specifically, in the first example of this embodiment, the dispenser is wound on July 10, D1 = July 26, D2 = July 30, D3 = August 6, And D4 = August 13 was used as the survey date, and the presence / absence of communication by “connecting female” was confirmed.

Here, a specific method for confirming the presence or absence of mating by “Tsunagi female” will be explained. For virgin females of oyster moths that have been bred in the laboratory and emerged (3 days after emergence), carbon dioxide Anesthesia was used, and the activity was temporarily restricted, and a “connecting female” was created by tying the base of the forehead with a thread. Then, in the evening the day before the survey day, 15 animals / each group were connected to the branches in the vicinity of the center of each of the A ward to the C ward, and collected the next morning (on the day of the survey). Thereafter, the abdomen of the collected tethered female was dissected under a stereomicroscope, and the mating rate was calculated according to the presence or absence of sperm present in the abdomen. Here, the mating rate is calculated by the following equation (1).
Mating rate = number of mating females / number of females tested x 100 (1)
In addition, the case where the connecting female is lost due to natural enemy insects of oyster fly moths existing in the field between the evening of the day before the survey and the next morning is excluded from the calculation of the mating rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

  As a result, in the control section C where no dispenser for observation was wound, the mating rate by the virgin female showed 53.7%, but the communication disruptor of this embodiment was applied and effective. In the case of using the communication disrupting agent A as a component, the value significantly decreased from the mating rate in the C zone in both the A zone and the B zone. In particular, when the distribution ratio of the dispenser with respect to the field is the B zone, which is higher than the A zone, the mating rate is 0.0%, and it was possible to completely disrupt the communication by the oyster bark. For this reason, it was observed that mating by oyster fly moths was completely prevented. On the other hand, compared with the B group, even in the A group where the distribution rate of the dispenser is low, the mating rate can be suppressed to about 10.0% or less. It was shown that it is possible to prevent.

  Next, between D1 and D2 in the survey period of Example 1, traps using virgin females as the attracting source were installed on each branch of each ward (A ward, B ward, C ward), and The number of male adults killed was counted. Here, the trap is an adhesive type with a height of 10 cm, length of 30 cm, and width of 10 cm. Two virgin females are put in a stainless steel basket (diameter: about 60 mm) placed near the center of the adhesive plate. The source of attraction. On the other hand, a trap with nothing was set for comparison purposes. The results are shown in Table 2. In this case, a natural sex pheromone component is secreted from two virgin females.

  As shown in Table 2, in the A and B ward around which the dispenser was wound, each of the ward was attracted to the trap of a virgin female, while the C ward where the communication disrupter A was not released. Then 109 male adults were attracted. Thereby, the excellent effect of the communication disrupting agent of this embodiment using the communication disrupting agent A as an active ingredient was confirmed. That is, due to the communication disrupter A mixed in the sex pheromone secreted from the virgin female, the male oyster fly moth defeats normal communication, making it difficult to identify the location of the female and reaching it. lost. This made it impossible to mate and eliminate subsequent steps such as egg laying and larval hatching.

  Then, in order to confirm the final effect, before harvesting oyster fruits, five trees near the center of each ward (A ward, B ward, C ward) and near the end (peripheral part) of the field The number of oysters grown on the tree and the number of fruits damaged by oysters were measured, and the rate of damage was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

  This shows that the damage rate is reduced in both the A and B areas where the dispenser is wound and fixed, compared to the C area where oyster fruits are grown in a normal state as the control area. The value was confirmed to be about 1/3 of the C area. In particular, in the B district where the distribution rate of the dispenser is high, the value of the damage fruit rate is smaller than that in the A district, and it was shown that the damage of the oyster fruit of the oyster leaf moth by the communication disrupter of this embodiment is remarkably reduced. . From the above results, there was no significant difference in damage rate between the central part and the peripheral part of the field. That is, if the dispenser is fixed so as to be uniformly distributed in the field and the communication disrupting agent A is sufficiently dissipated, the effect of the communication disruption can be enjoyed in any of the central part and the peripheral part. It has been shown.

  Next, an example of a communication disturbance agent for oyster leaf moth using a mixture of two components in which the communication disturbance agent A is a main component and the communication disturbance agent B is mixed at a predetermined ratio will be described.

  First, as in Example 1, a polyethylene tube having an outer diameter of 1.41 mm, an inner diameter of 0.81 mm, and a length of 20 cm was prepared, and 100 mg of communication disrupting agent A was sealed in the inner space of the tube to provide sustained release. Dispenser E is prepared. Further, a sustained-release dispenser F in which a mixture obtained by mixing 6.0 mg of the communication disturbing agent B with 100 mg of the communication disturbing agent A is sealed in the inner space of the tube is prepared. That is, the dispenser E encloses a one-component system, and the dispenser F encloses a two-component mixture. As the dispenser E and the dispenser F, those having the above-mentioned release rate of about 1.1 mg / day are used. Here, the communication disrupting agent B contained in the mixture is about 5.7% by weight.

  Then, the 30a field where oyster fruits are grown is divided into three equal parts: 10a (= “G ward”), 10a (= “H ward”), and 10a (= “I ward”). Then, the 30 dispensers E produced were wound around the branches of oysters and fixed to the G section so as to be distributed substantially uniformly. On the other hand, 30 dispensers F were similarly wound around the H section so as to be distributed substantially uniformly. The dispenser was not wrapped in the I group as a control group for the experiment. That is, since the number of dispensers E and F wound and fixed in the same area is the same in the G section and the H section, the above-described distribution ratio is the same. On the other hand, it is different that the components of the communication disrupter emitted from the dispensers E and F are one-component systems or two-component systems.

  Then, after winding 30 dispensers E and F, respectively, after a predetermined period (about two weeks) has passed, after confirming that each communication disruptor has been sufficiently released to the field, mating in the field The inhibitory effect was verified. The specific method is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted here. And the result shown in following Table 4 was obtained.

  Thus, in the control group I where the dispensers E and F were not wound and fixed, the mating rate was 28.6%. On the other hand, it was 22.2% in the G section around which the dispenser E made of a single component was wound. Note that the mating rate differs between Example 1 and Example 2 under the same conditions (Example 1: 9.3% → Example 2: 22.2%). This is because the period is different. On the other hand, in the H section around which the dispenser F made of a mixture of two components was wound, the mating rate was 0.0%. That is, under the same conditions, it was shown that the use of a mixture of two kinds of communication disrupters A and communication disruptors B in a predetermined ratio significantly increases the communication disruption effect of the sex pheromone of oyster leaf moth.

  Furthermore, traps with virgin females as the attracting source were installed for each tree in each ward (G ward, H ward, and I ward), and the number of adults killed by male oysters in the field was counted. Here, the trap used was the same as that shown in the first embodiment. The results are shown in Table 5.

  As a result, several male adults were attracted to the G group, whereas the H group was not attracted at all, compared to the I group of the control group. Therefore, it was shown that the mixture of two components of the communication disrupter has a communication disruption effect.

  In Example 2, a mixture of 6 mg of communication disruptor B with 100 mg of communication disruptor A was shown, but the ratio is not particularly limited, and communication disrupter A is 80. 0 wt% to 99.0 wt%, on the other hand, the communication disturbing agent B may be mixed in the range of 1.0 wt% to 20.0 wt%. Here, if the weight% of the communication disrupter B is less than 1.0% by weight, it is not possible to sufficiently obtain the communication disturbing effect obtained by mixing the two-component communication disruptor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20.0% by weight, it is not expected to further improve the communication disturbance effect. Therefore, it is preferable that the communication disturbing agent B with respect to the communication disturbing agent A is 1.0% by weight or more and 20.0% by weight or less.

  The present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention as described below. And design changes are possible.

  That is, in the communication disrupting agent of the present embodiment, the communication disrupting agent A is shown alone or a mixture of the communication disrupting agent B with the communication disrupting agent A in a predetermined ratio is shown. You may use the mixture which mixed the communication disruption agent C. FIG. The communication disrupter C is a compound in which the functional group at the straight chain end of the communication disrupter A is substituted with a hydroxyl group, and has been confirmed as a component of the sex pheromone of the red-eye beetle. Therefore, by mixing the communication disrupting agent C with the communication disrupting agent A, the communication disrupting effect can be produced as described above. Here, the mixing ratio with respect to the communication disturbing agent A is optimally set to 1.0 wt% or more and 20.0 wt% or less for the same reason as the communication disturbing agent B.

Claims (4)

It is a communication disruptor of the kinoko potato moth that disrupts the communication between males and females by the sex pheromone of the oyster moth, and lowers the mating rate,
(4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate containing as an active ingredient a oyster leaf moth communication disruption agent characterized by the above-mentioned.   Any one of (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal and (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol is further contained as an active ingredient. Item 2. The turbulent communication disrupter of Paramecium serrata according to Item 1.   The (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate is 80.0 wt% or more and 99.0 wt% or less, (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal and (4E, 6Z 2) 6,6-hexadecadien-1-ol is contained in an amount of 1.0% by weight or more and 20.0% by weight or less. Agent. A method for disrupting the communication of the oyster leaf moth, which disrupts the communication between the male and female by the sex pheromone of the kinkin moth, and reduces the mating rate,
(4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate is 80.0 wt% or more and 99.0 wt% or less, (4E, 6Z) -4,6-hexadecadienal and (4E, 6Z) Communication of oyster leaf moth characterized by spraying a field disrupter containing any one of −4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol in an amount of 1.0 wt% or more and 20.0 wt% or less Disturbing method.