JP2006205456A - Powder supply device for laminating and shaping powder - Google Patents

Powder supply device for laminating and shaping powder Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2006205456A
JP2006205456A JP2005018470A JP2005018470A JP2006205456A JP 2006205456 A JP2006205456 A JP 2006205456A JP 2005018470 A JP2005018470 A JP 2005018470A JP 2005018470 A JP2005018470 A JP 2005018470A JP 2006205456 A JP2006205456 A JP 2006205456A
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Prior art keywords
powder
leveling
sprinkling
pair
thin layer
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Eisaku Kakiuchi
栄作 垣内
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/52—Hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a powder supply device for laminating and shaping a powder capable of forming a powder thin layer of high density with high precision by a system for directly sprinkling the powder over a shaping area. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of leveling blades 36 and 37, which form a powder discharge port 31 and are driven by solenoids 34 and 35 so as to rise and fall before and behind a powder sprinkling direction F, are arranged to a powder sprinkling head 22 for sprinkling the powder 24 over the shaping area. The leveling blade 37 becoming the rear side with respect to the powder sprinkling direction F is positioned at a height rising by one layer of the powder thin layer 39 to be formed from the leveling blade 36 becoming the front side with respect to powder sprinkling direction F, the leveling blade 36 becoming the front side with respect to the powder sprinkling direction F is moved while brought into contact with the powder sprinkling surface C of the shaping area to allow the powder 24 to flow out to the outside through the gap 41 corresponding to the difference (h) in level between a pair of the leveling blades 36 and 37 and the powder thin layer 39 having a predetermined thickness is formed to the moving track of the powder sprinkling head 22. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、粉末の薄層を結合及び積層して三次元形状物を造形する粉末積層造形に用いる粉末供給装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a powder supply apparatus used for powder additive manufacturing for forming a three-dimensional object by combining and laminating thin powder layers.

粉末積層造形法は、成形型を用いずに三次元形状物を迅速かつ簡易に得ることができることから、近年、その利用が注目されている。この粉末積層造形法において、造形エリアに対する粉末の供給は、一般には図５に示されるように、積層エリアＡに対して供給エリアＢを併設し、供給エリアＢ内の昇降テーブル１上の粉末２をワイパー３の移動（二点鎖線位置から実線位置への移動）により、積層エリアＡ内の昇降テーブル４上に薄層５の一層分だけ堆積させるようにしている。そして、レーザ発振器６からミラー７を経て出射されるレーザビームの照射によって所定の輪郭の結合層（焼結層）Ｓを形成した後は、積層エリアＡ内の昇降テーブル４の下降→ワイパー３の二点鎖線位置（待機位置）への後退→供給エリアＢ内の昇降テーブル１の上昇→ワイパー３の実線位置への前進が繰返され、これにより前記焼結層Ｓの積層が進んで所定の３次元形状物が得られるようになる。なお、粉末の結合及び積層方式としては、インクジェットによりバインダ（結合剤）を噴射して粉末粒子を接合しながら積層するインクジェット方式などもある。しかしながら、このようなワイパー３による粉末供給方式によれば、１回のレーザ照射を終えるごとにワイパー３の待機位置への戻り動作と供給エリアＢ内の昇降テーブル１の上昇動作とが必要になり、その分、サイクルタイムが延長して生産性が低下するという問題があった。   Since the powder additive manufacturing method can quickly and easily obtain a three-dimensional shape without using a mold, its use has attracted attention in recent years. In this powder additive manufacturing method, the supply of powder to the modeling area is generally performed by providing a supply area B with the stacking area A and the powder 2 on the lifting table 1 in the supply area B as shown in FIG. Is deposited on the lifting table 4 in the stacking area A by a single layer of the thin layer 5 by moving the wiper 3 (moving from the two-dot chain line position to the solid line position). Then, after the bonding layer (sintered layer) S having a predetermined contour is formed by irradiation of the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 6 through the mirror 7, the lowering of the lifting table 4 in the laminated area A → the wiper 3 The backward movement to the two-dot chain line position (standby position) → the raising of the lifting table 1 in the supply area B → the forward movement of the wiper 3 to the solid line position is repeated, whereby the lamination of the sintered layer S proceeds and the predetermined 3 A dimensionally shaped object can be obtained. In addition, as a powder bonding and laminating method, there is an ink jet method in which a binder (binder) is ejected by ink jet to laminate while bonding powder particles. However, according to such a powder supply method using the wiper 3, it is necessary to return the wiper 3 to the standby position and to lift the lifting table 1 in the supply area B every time one laser irradiation is completed. Therefore, there is a problem that the cycle time is extended and the productivity is lowered.

そこで最近、粉末を造形エリアＡに直接散布する粉末供給装置が開発されている。図６は、そのような粉末供給装置の一つを、特許文献１から抜粋して示したもので、装置１０は、粉末１１を収容する収容容器１２の下部の粉末吐出口１３に切出しローラ１４を配設してなっており、その全体がガイドレール１５に沿って移動するようになっている。このような粉末供給装置によれば、その移動中、切出しローラ１４を回転させることで、積層エリアＡ内の昇降テーブル１６（図５に示した昇降テーブル４と実質同じもの）上に所定厚さに粉末１１が散布され、該装置１０の往復双方向の移動で薄層１７が形成されるようになる。なお、この装置１０には、粉末の散布厚さすなわち薄層１７の厚さを検出する厚み検出センサ１８が付設されている。また、この種の粉末供給装置としては、粉末を収容する容器（粉末供給源）を粉末散布ノズルから独立させて，両者をフレキシブルホースにて接続し、粉末散布ノズルのみを移動させるようにしたものもある（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
特開平１０−２１１６５６号公報 特開２００１−４７５２０号公報 Therefore, recently, a powder supply apparatus that directly sprays powder onto the modeling area A has been developed. FIG. 6 shows one of such powder supply devices extracted from Patent Document 1, and the device 10 includes a cutting roller 14 at a powder discharge port 13 at a lower portion of a storage container 12 that stores the powder 11. Is arranged, and the whole moves along the guide rail 15. According to such a powder supply apparatus, by rotating the cutting roller 14 during the movement, a predetermined thickness is formed on the lifting table 16 in the stacking area A (substantially the same as the lifting table 4 shown in FIG. 5). The powder 11 is spread on the thin film 17 and the thin layer 17 is formed by the reciprocating bidirectional movement of the device 10. The apparatus 10 is provided with a thickness detection sensor 18 for detecting the spraying thickness of the powder, that is, the thickness of the thin layer 17. In addition, as this kind of powder supply device, a container (powder supply source) for storing powder is made independent from the powder spray nozzle, and both are connected by a flexible hose, and only the powder spray nozzle is moved. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
JP 10-2111656 A JP 2001-47520 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献１、２に記載された粉末供給装置によれば、何れも積層エリアの散布面から粉末吐出口を離して粉末を散布しているため、粉末は単に堆積する状態となり、均一な厚さの薄層を形成することが困難であるという問題があった。また、散布された状態では密度が低いため、結合及び積層後の密度も低下し、得られる三次元形状物の強度が低下する虞もあった。なお、特許文献１に記載の発明では、厚み検出センサ１４により散布厚さを検出しているが、それは、散布後の結果を監視しているだけであり、薄層の厚さ均一に散布することは困難である。   However, according to the powder supply apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the powder is sprayed away from the spray surface of the lamination area, the powder is simply deposited and uniform. There is a problem that it is difficult to form a thin layer with a sufficient thickness. Moreover, since the density is low in the dispersed state, the density after bonding and lamination is also reduced, and the strength of the obtained three-dimensional shape may be reduced. In the invention described in Patent Document 1, the thickness detection sensor 14 detects the spray thickness, but it only monitors the result after spraying and sprays the thin layer uniformly. It is difficult.

本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、その課題とするところは、粉末を造形エリアに直接散布する方式により、高精度にかつ高密度に粉末の薄層を形成できる粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the problem is that a thin layer of powder is formed with high accuracy and high density by a method in which powder is directly sprayed on a modeling area. It is providing the powder supply apparatus for powder additive manufacturing.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、粉末を造形エリアに散布する粉末散布ヘッドを備え、該粉末散布ヘッドは、粉末吐出口を間にする粉末散布方向の前後に一対の均しブレードを昇降可能に設けており、前記一対の均しブレードは、粉末散布方向に対して後側となる均しブレードが、前側となる均しブレードよりも粉末の薄層の一層分だけ上昇する高さに位置決めされると共に、粉末散布方向に対して前側となる均しブレードが前記造形エリアの散布面に接触して位置決めされることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a powder spraying head for spraying powder to a modeling area, and the powder spraying head raises and lowers a pair of leveling blades before and after the powder spraying direction with a powder discharge port in between. The pair of leveling blades is configured such that the leveling blade on the rear side with respect to the powder spreading direction rises by one layer of the thin powder layer than the leveling blade on the front side. In addition to being positioned, the leveling blade on the front side with respect to the powder spraying direction is positioned in contact with the spraying surface of the modeling area.

上記のように構成した粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置においては、一対の均しブレードの段差がそのまま散布厚さとなり、したがって、均一な厚さの薄層が安定して得られるようになる。また、粉末散布方向に対して後側となる一方の均しブレードによって散布された粉末の上面が押えられる（圧縮される）ので、得られる薄層の密度も高くなる。   In the powder additive manufacturing apparatus for powder additive manufacturing configured as described above, the level difference between the pair of leveling blades becomes the spray thickness as it is, so that a thin layer having a uniform thickness can be stably obtained. Moreover, since the upper surface of the powder spread by one leveling blade on the rear side with respect to the powder spreading direction is pressed (compressed), the density of the obtained thin layer is also increased.

本発明において、上記一対の均しブレードは、相互に対向する側の先端部側縁にテーパ面を有している形状とするのが望ましく、この場合は、前記テーパ面のくさび効果により粉末の圧縮が促進されるので、より一層薄層の密度が高まる。   In the present invention, it is desirable that the pair of leveling blades have a tapered surface at the side edges of the opposite ends. In this case, the wedge effect of the tapered surface causes Since the compression is promoted, the density of the thin layer is further increased.

本発明は、粉末散布ヘッドに、一対の均しブレードを昇降させる駆動手段を設けるようにしてもよく、この場合は、一対の均しブレードの高さの切換えを自動で行うことができる。また、この場合、駆動手段としては、構造簡単で小型化が可能であることから、ソレノイドを用いるのが望ましい。   In the present invention, the powder spraying head may be provided with driving means for moving the pair of leveling blades up and down. In this case, the height of the pair of leveling blades can be automatically switched. In this case, it is desirable to use a solenoid as the driving means because the structure is simple and the size can be reduced.

本発明に係る粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置によれば、粉末を造形エリアに直接散布する方式により、高精度にかつ高密度に粉末の薄層を形成できるようになり、その利用価値は大なるものがある。   According to the powder additive manufacturing apparatus for powder additive manufacturing according to the present invention, a thin layer of powder can be formed with high accuracy and high density by a method of directly spraying powder onto a modeling area, and its utility value is great. There is something.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を添付図面に基いて説明する。
図１〜４は、本発明の一つの実施形態としての粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置を示したものである。本粉末供給装置２０は、図２に示されるように粉末圧送装置（粉末供給源）２１と、粉末散布ヘッド２２と、前記粉末圧送装置２１と粉末散布ヘッド２２とを接続するフレキシブルホース２３とから概略構成されている。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 4 show a powder additive manufacturing apparatus for powder additive manufacturing as one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the present powder supply device 20 includes a powder pumping device (powder supply source) 21, a powder spraying head 22, and a flexible hose 23 that connects the powder pumping device 21 and the powder spraying head 22. It is roughly structured.

上記粉末圧送装置２１は、粉末２４を収容するホッパ２５とこのホッパ２５下に横置きに配置されたスクリュフィーダ２６とを備えている。スクリュフィーダ２６は、前記ホッパ２５に接続されたチューブ２７内にモータ（減速機付き）２８により回転駆動されるスクリュ２９を配設してなっており、このスクリュ２９の回転に応じてホッパ２５内の粉末２４がチューブ２７内に定量ずつ切出され、かつ前記粉末散布ヘッド２２へ圧送される。なお、粉末圧送装置２１の全体は、後述の積層エリアＡ（図４）の上方に配置した架台３０上に固設されている。   The powder pressure feeding device 21 includes a hopper 25 that accommodates the powder 24 and a screw feeder 26 that is disposed horizontally under the hopper 25. The screw feeder 26 is provided with a screw 29 that is rotationally driven by a motor (with a speed reducer) 28 in a tube 27 connected to the hopper 25, and the hopper 25 is driven by the rotation of the screw 29. The powder 24 is cut into the tube 27 by a fixed amount and is pumped to the powder spraying head 22. In addition, the whole powder pressure feeder 21 is fixedly installed on the mount frame 30 arrange | positioned above the below-mentioned lamination | stacking area A (FIG. 4).

一方、上記粉末散布ヘッド２２は、前記フレキシブルホース２３に後端部が接続され、先端部（下端部）に矩形の粉末吐出口３１を有する粉末散布ノズル３２と、該粉末散布ノズル３２内の流路を開閉する開閉バルブ３３と、粉末散布ノズル３２に添設されたソレノイド（駆動手段）３４、３５により各独立に昇降駆動される一対の均しブレード３６，３７とを備えている。粉末散布ヘッド２２は、前記積層エリアＡの上方に架設された一対のガイドレール３８（図４）に水平移動可能に支持されている。粉末散布ヘッド２２はまた、ガイドレール３８の一端側に配置された駆動手段（図示略）によって往復移動するようになっており、この動きに前記フレキシブルホース２３が追従する。なお、フレキシブルホース２３は、硬質ゴム製の蛇腹であっても、金属製のベローズであってもよい。   On the other hand, the powder spraying head 22 is connected to the flexible hose 23 at its rear end, and has a powder spray nozzle 32 having a rectangular powder discharge port 31 at the tip (lower end), and a flow in the powder spray nozzle 32. An opening / closing valve 33 that opens and closes the path and a pair of leveling blades 36 and 37 that are driven up and down independently by solenoids (driving means) 34 and 35 attached to the powder spray nozzle 32 are provided. The powder spreading head 22 is supported by a pair of guide rails 38 (FIG. 4) installed above the laminated area A so as to be horizontally movable. The powder spreading head 22 is also reciprocated by driving means (not shown) arranged on one end side of the guide rail 38, and the flexible hose 23 follows this movement. The flexible hose 23 may be a hard rubber bellows or a metal bellows.

ここで、上記した各均しブレード３６，３７は矩形板状をなしており（図３）、図１に示されるように、粉末吐出口３１を間にする粉末散布方向Ｆの前後に対向して配置されている。また、各均しブレード３６、３７は相互に、形成すべき薄層３９の厚さ分だけ段差ｈが生じるように伸長端（下降端）と短縮端（上昇端）とが規制されている。また、各均しブレード３６、３７は、相互に対向する側の先端部側縁に２０〜３０度程度のテーパ面３６ａ、３７ａを有している。さらに、粉末散布ノズル３２の側面には、前記一対の均しブレード３６、３７の間隙から側方へ粉末が流出するのを規制する遮蔽板４０が添設されている。なお、均しブレード３６、３７の材種は任意であるが、できるだけ耐摩耗性に優れた材料、例えば、ダイス鋼、高速度工具鋼、セラミックス等を選択するのが望ましい。   Here, each of the leveling blades 36 and 37 has a rectangular plate shape (FIG. 3), and as shown in FIG. 1, faces the front and rear of the powder spraying direction F across the powder discharge port 31. Are arranged. The leveling blades 36 and 37 are regulated at their extended ends (lower ends) and shortened ends (up ends) so that a level difference h is generated by the thickness of the thin layer 39 to be formed. Further, the leveling blades 36 and 37 have tapered surfaces 36a and 37a of about 20 to 30 degrees on the side edges of the tip portions facing each other. Further, a shielding plate 40 is attached to the side surface of the powder spray nozzle 32 to restrict the powder from flowing out from the gap between the pair of leveling blades 36 and 37. The grades of the leveling blades 36 and 37 are arbitrary, but it is desirable to select a material having as much wear resistance as possible, for example, die steel, high-speed tool steel, ceramics and the like.

以下、上記のように構成した粉末供給装置２０の作用を説明する。
粉末積層造形に際しては、図１に示されるように、粉末散布ヘッド２２の一対の均しブレード３６、３７のうち、粉末散布方向Ｆの前側となる一方の均しブレード（以下、これを第１均しブレードという）３６を伸長端に、後側となる他方の均しブレード（以下、これを第２均しブレードという）３７を短縮端にそれぞれ位置決めする。この時、積層エリアＡ内の昇降テーブル４上の粉末散布面Ｃ（前回形成された薄層または焼結層３９Ｌの上面）に前記伸長端にある第１均しブレード３６の先端がわずか接触するように昇降テーブル４が位置決めされている。粉末散布の開始に際しては、粉末散布ヘッド２２が昇降テーブル４の片側に位置決めされており、この位置で、先ずモータ２８によってスクリュフィーダ２６のスクリュ２９が回転すると共に、開閉バルブ３３が開弁する。これによってホッパ２５内の粉末２４は、フレキシブルホース２３を経て粉末散布ヘッド２２へ圧送される。 Hereinafter, the operation of the powder supply apparatus 20 configured as described above will be described.
In the powder additive manufacturing, as shown in FIG. 1, one of the pair of leveling blades 36 and 37 of the powder spraying head 22, which is one of the leveling blades on the front side in the powder spraying direction F (hereinafter referred to as the first leveling blade) A leveling blade 36 is positioned at the extended end, and the other leveling blade 37 (hereinafter referred to as the second leveling blade) 37 on the rear side is positioned at the shortened end. At this time, the tip of the first leveling blade 36 at the extended end slightly contacts the powder spreading surface C (the upper surface of the previously formed thin layer or sintered layer 39L) on the lifting table 4 in the lamination area A. Thus, the lifting table 4 is positioned. At the start of powder spraying, the powder spraying head 22 is positioned on one side of the lifting table 4. At this position, the screw 29 of the screw feeder 26 is first rotated by the motor 28 and the opening / closing valve 33 is opened. As a result, the powder 24 in the hopper 25 is pumped to the powder spraying head 22 via the flexible hose 23.

一方、上記した粉末２４の圧送に合せて、図示を略す駆動手段により粉末散布ヘッド２２がガイドレール３８に沿って粉末散布方向Ｆへ所定の速度で移動する。すると、図１に示されるように、粉末散布ノズル３２の粉末吐出口３１から吐出した粉末２４が、短縮端にある第２均しブレード３７の端面と前記散布面Ｃとの間の間隙４１を通じて外部へ流出し、前記散布面Ｃに堆積する。この場合、前記間隙４１の高さすなわち両均しブレード３６と３７との段差ｈは、形成すべき薄層３９の厚さと同じ値となっており、これにより粉末散布ヘッド２２の通過跡には、所定の厚さ（ｈ）を有する薄層３９が形成される。また、前記間隙４１を通じて外部へ流出する粉末の上面は、第２均しブレード３７のテーパ面３７ａとその端面とによって押えられ（圧縮され）ているので、密度の高い薄層３９が得られるようになる。本実施形態においては特に、均しブレード３７の先端部にテーパ面３７ａが存在するので、粉末２４はこのテーパ面３７ａのくさび効果によって効果的に圧縮され、薄層３９の密度は十分に高くなる。さらに、前回形成された焼結層３９Ｌの上面には、微小な突起３９ａが発生することが多いが、これら突起３９ａは粉末散布方向Ｆに対して先行する第１均しブレード３６によって押し潰され、この結果、新たに形成された粉末の薄層３９は均一な厚さとなる。   On the other hand, in accordance with the above-described pumping of the powder 24, the powder spraying head 22 is moved at a predetermined speed in the powder spraying direction F along the guide rail 38 by a driving means (not shown). Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the powder 24 discharged from the powder discharge port 31 of the powder spray nozzle 32 passes through a gap 41 between the end surface of the second leveling blade 37 at the shortened end and the spray surface C. It flows out to the outside and accumulates on the spreading surface C. In this case, the height of the gap 41, that is, the level difference h between the leveling blades 36 and 37 is the same value as the thickness of the thin layer 39 to be formed. A thin layer 39 having a predetermined thickness (h) is formed. Further, the upper surface of the powder flowing out through the gap 41 is pressed (compressed) by the tapered surface 37a of the second leveling blade 37 and its end surface, so that a thin layer 39 having a high density can be obtained. become. Particularly in the present embodiment, since the tapered surface 37a exists at the tip of the leveling blade 37, the powder 24 is effectively compressed by the wedge effect of the tapered surface 37a, and the density of the thin layer 39 is sufficiently high. . Furthermore, fine protrusions 39a are often generated on the upper surface of the previously formed sintered layer 39L, but these protrusions 39a are crushed by the first leveling blade 36 that precedes the powder spreading direction F. As a result, the thin layer 39 of the newly formed powder has a uniform thickness.

上記粉末散布ヘッド２２は、昇降テーブル４の反対側に到達した時点で移動停止され、これと同時に開閉バルブ３３が閉弁しかつスクリュフィーダ２６のモータ２８が停止される。これによって積層エリアＡの昇降テーブル４上には新たな薄層３９が一面に形成され、その後は、従来と同様の手順で、レーザ発振器６からミラー７を経て出射されるレーザビームの照射によって新たな焼結層（結合層）Ｓが積層形成される。   The powder spraying head 22 stops moving when it reaches the opposite side of the lifting table 4, and at the same time, the opening / closing valve 33 is closed and the motor 28 of the screw feeder 26 is stopped. As a result, a new thin layer 39 is formed on the lifting table 4 in the laminated area A, and thereafter a new thin layer 39 is formed by irradiating a laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 6 through the mirror 7 in the same procedure as before. A sintered layer (bonding layer) S is formed and laminated.

そして、上記新たな焼結層Ｓの形成が終了したら、先ず積層エリアＡの昇降テーブル４が、形成すべき粉末の薄層３９の一層分だけ下降し、続いて粉末散布ヘッド２２内のソレノイド３４、３５が作動して、第１均しブレード３６が短縮端に、第２均しブレード３７が伸長端にそれぞれ位置決めされる。これにより、積層エリアＡ内の昇降テーブル４上の粉末散布面Ｃ（前回形成された薄層または焼結層の上面）に前記伸長端にある第２均しブレード３６の先端がわずか接触する状態となる。その後は、再びモータ２８によってスクリュフィーダ２６のスクリュ２９が回転すると共に、開閉バルブ３３が開弁し、さらに、図示を略す駆動手段により粉末散布ヘッド２２が、先の粉末散布方向Ｆと逆方向Ｆ´（図１）へ所定の速度で移動する。これによって粉末散布ヘッド２２の移動跡には、新たな粉末の薄層が形成され、以降、前記レーザビームの照射、粉末散布ヘッド２２による粉末散布が繰返されて、所望の三次元形状物が造形される。   When the formation of the new sintered layer S is completed, the elevating table 4 in the stacking area A first descends by one layer of the thin layer 39 of the powder to be formed, and then the solenoid 34 in the powder spraying head 22. 35, the first leveling blade 36 is positioned at the shortened end and the second leveling blade 37 is positioned at the extended end. As a result, the tip of the second leveling blade 36 at the extended end is in slight contact with the powder spreading surface C (the upper surface of the previously formed thin layer or sintered layer) on the lifting table 4 in the laminated area A. It becomes. Thereafter, the screw 29 of the screw feeder 26 is rotated again by the motor 28, and the opening / closing valve 33 is opened. Further, the powder spraying head 22 is rotated in the direction F opposite to the previous powder spraying direction F by a driving means (not shown). Move to '(FIG. 1) at a predetermined speed. As a result, a new powder thin layer is formed on the movement trace of the powder spraying head 22, and thereafter, the laser beam irradiation and the powder spraying by the powder spraying head 22 are repeated to form a desired three-dimensional shape. Is done.

なお、上記実施形態においては、粉末散布ヘッド２２内の一対の均しブレード３６、３７を昇降駆動する駆動手段としてソレノイド３２を用いたが、この駆動手段は任意であり、シリンダ、電動機構等の他の手段を用いることができる。また、この一対の均しブレード３６、３７は、例えばリンク機構を介して連動可能に連結して、１つの駆動手段により昇降駆動させるようにしてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the solenoid 32 is used as the driving means for driving the pair of leveling blades 36 and 37 in the powder spraying head 22 up and down. However, this driving means is optional, such as a cylinder and an electric mechanism. Other means can be used. Further, the pair of leveling blades 36 and 37 may be connected to each other via, for example, a link mechanism so as to be driven up and down by one driving means.

ここで、上記実施形態においては、粉末散布ヘッド２２をガイドレール３８に沿って往復移動させるようにしたが、その移動方式は任意であり、例えば工業用ロボットに持たせて、該ロボットの動きを利用して移動させるようにしてもよい。   Here, in the above-described embodiment, the powder spraying head 22 is reciprocated along the guide rail 38. However, the movement method is arbitrary, for example, an industrial robot is used to control the movement of the robot. You may make it move using.

また、上記実施形態においては、粉末供給源としての粉末圧送装置２１と粉末散布ヘッド２２とを別体に形成して両者をフレキシブルホース２３によって接続するようにしたが、本発明は、粉末圧送装置２１と粉末散布ヘッド２２とを一体化してもよいもので、この場合は、図６に示した従来例と同様の態様で、一体の粉末供給装置が積層エリアＡ上を移動することになる。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the powder feeding apparatus 21 as a powder supply source and the powder spreading head 22 were formed in a different body, both were connected with the flexible hose 23, However, this invention is a powder feeding apparatus. 21 and the powder spraying head 22 may be integrated. In this case, the integrated powder supply device moves on the lamination area A in the same manner as the conventional example shown in FIG.

さらに、上記実施形態においては、レーザビームを粉末の結合及び積層に用いるレーザ照射方式の粉末積層造形に適用した例を示したが、本発明は、インクジェットによりバインダ（結合剤）を噴射して粉末粒子を接合しながら積層するインクジェット方式の粉末積層造形に適用できることももちろんで、この場合は、積層用昇降テーブル４の上方に配置したＸ−Ｙプロッタにインクジェットヘッドを持たせるようにする。   Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which a laser beam is applied to powder lamination modeling using a laser beam for powder bonding and lamination has been described. However, in the present invention, a binder (binder) is jetted by ink jet to produce powder. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to an ink jet type powder lamination modeling in which particles are laminated while being bonded, and in this case, an XY plotter disposed above the stacking lifting table 4 is provided with an ink jet head.

本発明に係る粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置の要部構造と使用態様とを示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part structure and usage condition of the powder supply apparatus for powder layered modeling which concerns on this invention. 本粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置の全体的構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the powder supply apparatus for this powder layered modeling. 本粉末造形装置を構成する均しブレードとその駆動手段であるソレノイドとを示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the leveling blade which comprises this powder shaping apparatus, and the solenoid which is its drive means. 本粉末供給装置を適用した、レーザ照射方式の粉末積層造形の実施状況を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the implementation condition of the powder lamination shaping | molding of a laser irradiation system to which this powder supply apparatus is applied. 従来の粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置の一般的な構造と使用態様とを示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the general structure and usage condition of the conventional powder supply apparatus for powder additive manufacturing. 従来の粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置の他の構造と使用態様とを示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other structure and usage condition of the conventional powder supply apparatus for powder additive manufacturing.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ｓ 積層エリア
４ 積層用昇降テーブル
６ レーザ発振器
７ ミラー
２１ 粉末圧送装置（粉末供給源）
２２ 粉末散布ヘッド
２３ フレキシブルホース
２４ 粉末
２５ ホッパ
２６ スクリュフィーダ
３１ 粉末吐出口
３２ 粉末吐出ノズル
３３ 開閉弁
３４、３５ ソレノイド（駆動手段）
３６、３７ 均しブレード
３８ ガイドレール

S Lamination area 4 Elevating table for laminating 6 Laser oscillator 7 Mirror 21 Powder feeding device (powder supply source)
22 Powder spraying head 23 Flexible hose 24 Powder 25 Hopper 26 Screw feeder 31 Powder discharge port 32 Powder discharge nozzle 33 On-off valve 34, 35 Solenoid (drive means)
36, 37 Leveling blade 38 Guide rail

Claims (4)

粉末の薄層を結合及び積層して三次元形状物を造形する粉末積層造形に用いる粉末供給装置であって、粉末を造形エリアに散布する粉末散布ヘッドを備え、該粉末散布ヘッドは、粉末吐出口を間にする粉末散布方向の前後に一対の均しブレードを昇降可能に設けており、前記一対の均しブレードは、粉末散布方向に対して後側となる均しブレードが、前側となる均しブレードよりも粉末の薄層の一層分だけ上昇する高さに位置決めされると共に、粉末散布方向に対して前側となる均しブレードが前記造形エリアの散布面に接触して位置決めされることを特徴とする粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置。   A powder supply apparatus used for powder additive manufacturing for combining and laminating thin layers of powder to form a three-dimensional shaped object, comprising a powder spraying head for spraying powder to a modeling area, the powder spraying head comprising: A pair of leveling blades are provided so as to be able to move up and down in the direction of powder spraying between the outlets, and the pair of leveling blades are the leveling blades on the rear side with respect to the powder spraying direction. The leveling blade is positioned higher than the leveling blade by one layer of the thin powder layer, and the leveling blade on the front side with respect to the powder spraying direction is positioned in contact with the spraying surface of the shaping area. A powder feed apparatus for powder additive manufacturing. 一対の均しブレードが、相互に対向する側の先端部側縁にテーパ面を有していることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置。   The pair of leveling blades have a taper surface at the side edges of the tip portions facing each other, and the powder supply apparatus for powder laminate modeling according to claim 1. 粉末散布ヘッドに、一対の均しブレードを昇降させる駆動手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置。   3. The powder supply apparatus for powder additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the powder spraying head is provided with driving means for moving up and down the pair of leveling blades. 駆動手段が、ソレノイドからなることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の粉末積層造形用粉末供給装置。

The powder supply apparatus for powder additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the driving means comprises a solenoid.

JP2005018470A 2005-01-26 2005-01-26 Powder supply device for laminating and shaping powder Pending JP2006205456A (en)

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