JP2006194227A - Turbo supercharger for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Turbo supercharger for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2006194227A
JP2006194227A JP2005009609A JP2005009609A JP2006194227A JP 2006194227 A JP2006194227 A JP 2006194227A JP 2005009609 A JP2005009609 A JP 2005009609A JP 2005009609 A JP2005009609 A JP 2005009609A JP 2006194227 A JP2006194227 A JP 2006194227A
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Prior art keywords
housing
combustion engine
internal combustion
cylinder head
turbocharger
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Japanese (ja)
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Wataru Akai
亘 赤井
Toshio Ito
敏雄 伊藤
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/243—Cylinder heads and inlet or exhaust manifolds integrally cast together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/001—Gas flow channels or gas chambers being at least partly formed in the structural parts of the engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/02—Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/14—Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a turbo supercharger for an internal combustion engine, suppressing deterioration of supercharging efficiency and ensuring stability of mounting on the internal combustion engine without causing an increase in the number of part items, weight, cost or the like. <P>SOLUTION: This turbo supercharger 1A has a turbine housing 11 storing a turbine rotor 13, a compressor housing 12 storing a compressor rotor 15, and a center housing 13 rotatably supporting a rotor shaft 16 for connecting the turbine rotor 14 and the compressor rotor 15. The turbine housing 11 and compressor housing 12 are arranged to be exposed from the cylinder head 4 of the internal combustion engine 1A, and the center housing 13 is arranged integrally on one side surface 4a of the cylinder head 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、内燃機関の排気エネルギーを利用して過給する内燃機関用ターボ過給機に関する。   The present invention relates to a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine that supercharges using exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine.

内燃機関用ターボ過給機として、内燃機関の吸気弁の直上にコンプレッサハウジングを、排気弁の直上にタービンハウジングをそれぞれ位置させて、これらをシリンダヘッド内に一体的に形成したものが知られている（特許文献１）。また、内燃機関のシリンダヘッド内に排気マニホールドとターボ過給機のタービンハウジングとを一体的に設け、センタハウジングとコンプレッサハウジングをタービンハウジングに隣接させてシリンダヘッドの側壁に直接固定したターボ過給機も知られている（特許文献２）。その他、本発明に関連する先行技術文献として、特許文献３が存在する。   A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine is known in which a compressor housing is positioned directly above an intake valve of an internal combustion engine and a turbine housing is positioned directly above an exhaust valve, and these are integrally formed in a cylinder head. (Patent Document 1). Further, a turbocharger in which an exhaust manifold and a turbocharger turbine housing are integrally provided in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, and a center housing and a compressor housing are adjacent to the turbine housing and directly fixed to a side wall of the cylinder head. Is also known (Patent Document 2). In addition, there is Patent Document 3 as a prior art document related to the present invention.

実開昭６３−１７８３２号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-17832 特開２００２−３０３１４５号公報JP 2002-303145 A 特開平３−４７４２５号公報JP-A-3-47425

特許文献１のターボ過給機は、コンプレッサハウジングがシリンダヘッド内に形成されるため、コンプレッサハウジング内の吸気が昇温され易くなり過給効率が悪化する場合がある。また、特許文献２のターボ過給機は、シリンダヘッドの側壁からセンタハウジングとコンプレッサハウジングとが突出し、これらの重量がセンタハウジングと側壁との取付部に作用する構造なので、取付の安定性を高めるには、ステー等の支持手段を設けてコンプレッサハウジングを支えたり、センタハウジング自体の剛性を高める等の対策が必要となり、部品点数の増加、重量の増加、コストの増加等の問題を生じるおそれがある。   In the turbocharger of Patent Document 1, since the compressor housing is formed in the cylinder head, the intake air in the compressor housing is likely to be heated, and the supercharging efficiency may be deteriorated. In addition, the turbocharger disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which the center housing and the compressor housing protrude from the side wall of the cylinder head, and the weight of the center housing and the side wall acts on the mounting portion between the center housing and the side wall. However, measures such as providing support means such as stays to support the compressor housing and increasing the rigidity of the center housing itself may cause problems such as an increase in the number of parts, an increase in weight, and an increase in cost. is there.

そこで、本発明は、過給効率の悪化を抑制でき、部品点数の増加、重量の増加、コストの増加等を招くことなく内燃機関に対する取付けの安定性を確保できる内燃機関用ターボ過給機を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine that can suppress deterioration in supercharging efficiency and can ensure the stability of attachment to the internal combustion engine without increasing the number of parts, increasing the weight, increasing the cost, etc. The purpose is to provide.

本発明の内燃機関用ターボ過給機は、タービンロータを収容するタービンハウジングと、コンプレッサロータを収容するコンプレッサハウジングと、タービンロータとコンプレッサロータとを連結するロータシャフトを回転可能に支持するセンタハウジングと、を有し、前記タービンハウジング及び前記コンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれが内燃機関のシリンダヘッドから露出するように配置され、かつ、前記センタハウジングが前記シリンダヘッドの一側面に一体的に設けられることにより、上述した課題を解決する（請求項１）。   A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes a turbine housing that houses a turbine rotor, a compressor housing that houses a compressor rotor, and a center housing that rotatably supports a rotor shaft that connects the turbine rotor and the compressor rotor. The turbine housing and the compressor housing are arranged so as to be exposed from the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, and the center housing is integrally provided on one side surface of the cylinder head. This problem is solved (claim 1).

この発明によれば、タービンハウジング及びコンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれがシリンダヘッドから露出するように配置されるので、コンプレッサハウジング内の吸気が昇温され難くなり過給効率の悪化を抑制できる。しかも、ターボ過給機の重心が存在するセンタハウジングにてターボ過給機が支持されるので、ステー等の支持手段を用いることなく内燃機関に対する取付けの安定性を向上できる。更に、ターボ過給機を内燃機関に近接して配置できるので、ターボ過給機を搭載した内燃機関のトータルのサイズを小さくできる。   According to the present invention, since each of the turbine housing and the compressor housing is disposed so as to be exposed from the cylinder head, it is difficult to raise the temperature of the intake air in the compressor housing, and deterioration of the supercharging efficiency can be suppressed. In addition, since the turbocharger is supported by the center housing where the center of gravity of the turbocharger exists, the stability of attachment to the internal combustion engine can be improved without using support means such as a stay. Furthermore, since the turbocharger can be arranged close to the internal combustion engine, the total size of the internal combustion engine equipped with the turbocharger can be reduced.

本発明の内燃機関用ターボ過給機において、前記シリンダヘッドは、気筒毎に分岐された排気分岐部を有する排気マニホールド部を備えるとともに、前記排気マニホールド部が前記一側面に開口するようにして構成され、前記タービンハウジングと前記排気マニホールド部とが前記一側面側で接続されてもよい（請求項２）。この態様によれば、タービンハウジングとシリンダヘッドに内蔵された排気マニホールド部とが、センタハウジングが設けられたシリンダヘッドの一側面にて接続されるので、内燃機関の各気筒からタービンハウジングまでの排気流路の容積を小さくでき、ターボ過給機の応答性が向上する。   In the turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention, the cylinder head includes an exhaust manifold portion having an exhaust branch portion branched for each cylinder, and the exhaust manifold portion is open to the one side surface. The turbine housing and the exhaust manifold portion may be connected on the one side surface side (Claim 2). According to this aspect, since the turbine housing and the exhaust manifold portion built in the cylinder head are connected to one side surface of the cylinder head provided with the center housing, the exhaust from each cylinder of the internal combustion engine to the turbine housing is performed. The volume of the flow path can be reduced, and the response of the turbocharger is improved.

本発明の内燃機関用ターボ過給機において、前記シリンダヘッドは、気筒毎に分岐された排気分岐部を有する排気マニホールド部と、気筒毎に分岐された吸気分岐部を有する吸気マニホールド部と、前記吸気マニホールド部に隣接し、前記排気マニホールド部と熱交換可能に設けられた冷却水路と、を備えるとともに、前記排気マニホールド部及び前記吸気マニホールド部のそれぞれが前記シリンダヘッドの前記一側面に開口するようにして構成され、前記タービンハウジングが前記排気マニホールド部に、前記コンプレッサハウジングが前記吸気マニホールド部に、前記一側面側でそれぞれ接続されてもよい（請求項３）。この態様によれば、コンプレッサハウジングを経て吸気マニホールド部に導かれた吸気がシリンダヘッドの冷却水路によって冷却されるので、別部品のインタークーラを設けることなくターボ過給機の過給効率を高めることができる。   In the turbocharger for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, the cylinder head includes an exhaust manifold portion having an exhaust branch portion branched for each cylinder, an intake manifold portion having an intake branch portion branched for each cylinder, A cooling water passage adjacent to the intake manifold portion and provided to be able to exchange heat with the exhaust manifold portion, and each of the exhaust manifold portion and the intake manifold portion open to the one side surface of the cylinder head. The turbine housing may be connected to the exhaust manifold portion, and the compressor housing may be connected to the intake manifold portion on the one side surface side (Claim 3). According to this aspect, since the intake air led to the intake manifold portion through the compressor housing is cooled by the cooling water passage of the cylinder head, the turbocharging efficiency of the turbocharger can be increased without providing a separate intercooler. Can do.

本発明の内燃機関用ターボ過給機は、タービンロータを収容するタービンハウジングと、コンプレッサロータを収容するコンプレッサハウジングと、タービンロータとコンプレッサロータとを連結するロータシャフトを回転可能に支持するセンタハウジングと、を有し、前記タービンハウジング及び前記コンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれが内燃機関のシリンダブロックから露出するように配置され、かつ、前記センタハウジングが前記シリンダブロックの一側面に一体的に設けられることにより、上述した課題を解決する（請求項４）。   A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes a turbine housing that houses a turbine rotor, a compressor housing that houses a compressor rotor, and a center housing that rotatably supports a rotor shaft that connects the turbine rotor and the compressor rotor. And the turbine housing and the compressor housing are arranged so as to be exposed from the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, and the center housing is integrally provided on one side surface of the cylinder block. This problem is solved (claim 4).

この発明によれば、タービンハウジング及びコンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれがシリンダブロックから露出するように配置されるので、コンプレッサハウジング内の吸気が昇温され難くなり過給効率の悪化を抑制できる。しかも、ターボ過給機の重心が存在するセンタハウジングにてターボ過給機が支持されるので、ステー等の支持手段を用いることなく内燃機関に対する取付けの安定性を向上できる。更に、ターボ過給機を内燃機関に近接して配置できるので、ターボ過給機を搭載した内燃機関のトータルのサイズを小さくできる。   According to this invention, since each of the turbine housing and the compressor housing is disposed so as to be exposed from the cylinder block, it is difficult to raise the temperature of the intake air in the compressor housing, and deterioration of the supercharging efficiency can be suppressed. In addition, since the turbocharger is supported by the center housing where the center of gravity of the turbocharger exists, the stability of attachment to the internal combustion engine can be improved without using support means such as a stay. Furthermore, since the turbocharger can be arranged close to the internal combustion engine, the total size of the internal combustion engine equipped with the turbocharger can be reduced.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、タービンハウジング及びコンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれが、シリンダヘッド又はシリンダブロックから露出するように配置され、かつ、センタハウジングがシリンダヘッド又はシリンダブロックの一側面に一体的に設けられるので、過給効率の悪化を抑制できるとともに、内燃機関に対する取付けの安定性を確保できる。   As described above, according to the present invention, each of the turbine housing and the compressor housing is disposed so as to be exposed from the cylinder head or the cylinder block, and the center housing is integrated with one side surface of the cylinder head or the cylinder block. Therefore, the deterioration of the supercharging efficiency can be suppressed, and the mounting stability to the internal combustion engine can be ensured.

（第１の実施形態）
図１は、本発明のターボ過給機を内燃機関に搭載した実施形態を模式的に示している。内燃機関１Ａは複数の気筒２（図３）が形成されたシリンダブロック３と、シリンダブロック３にガスケット（不図示）を介在させて接続されるシリンダヘッド４とを備えている。図３に示したように、シリンダヘッド４には、気筒２毎に分岐する排気分岐部５ａを有する排気マニホールド部５が一体的に形成されている。排気マニホールド部５は、排気分岐部５ａが集合する排気集合部５ｂと、排気集合部５ｂと連通する排気開口部５ｃと、を有し、シリンダヘッド４の長手方向側と反対側の一側面４ａに開口している。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment in which the turbocharger of the present invention is mounted on an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine 1A includes a cylinder block 3 in which a plurality of cylinders 2 (FIG. 3) are formed, and a cylinder head 4 connected to the cylinder block 3 with a gasket (not shown) interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 3, the cylinder head 4 is integrally formed with an exhaust manifold portion 5 having an exhaust branch portion 5 a that branches for each cylinder 2. The exhaust manifold portion 5 has an exhaust collecting portion 5b where the exhaust branching portion 5a gathers and an exhaust opening portion 5c communicating with the exhaust collecting portion 5b, and one side surface 4a opposite to the longitudinal side of the cylinder head 4. Is open.

図１及び図４に示したように、ターボ過給機１０Ａは、タービンロータ１４を収容するタービンハウジング１１と、コンプレッサロータ１５を収容するコンプレッサハウジング１２と、タービンロータ１４とコンプレッサロータ１５とを連結するロータシャフト１６を収容するセンタハウジング１３と、を備えている。タービンハウジング１１としては、軽量化及び低熱容量化を図るため板金製のものが使用される。また、図１に示したように、タービンハウジング１１と排気マニホールド部５とは、蛇腹管等の可撓性配管１７を介在させて接続され、これによりタービンハウジング１１の熱膨張による熱応力が緩和され、ヒビ、割れ等が防止される。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the turbocharger 10 </ b> A connects the turbine housing 11 that houses the turbine rotor 14, the compressor housing 12 that houses the compressor rotor 15, and the turbine rotor 14 and the compressor rotor 15. And a center housing 13 that accommodates the rotor shaft 16 to be operated. The turbine housing 11 is made of a sheet metal in order to reduce the weight and reduce the heat capacity. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the turbine housing 11 and the exhaust manifold portion 5 are connected via a flexible pipe 17 such as a bellows pipe, thereby relieving thermal stress due to thermal expansion of the turbine housing 11. And cracks and cracks are prevented.

図４に示したように、センタハウジング１３は、ロータシャフト１６を回転可能に支持する一対の軸受１８、１８を有している。各軸受１８はボールベアリングでもプレーンベアリングでもよい。図２及び図３にも示したように、センタハウジング１３は、シリンダヘッド４と一体的に一側面４ａに設けられている。センタハウジング１３はアルミニウムを主成分とした材料でシリンダヘッド４と一体的に鋳造される。図４に示したように、センタハウジング１３には、シリンダヘッド４に形成された冷却水路と連通する冷却用のターボ冷却水路１３ａと、シリンダヘッド４に形成された潤滑油路と連通する潤滑用のターボ潤滑油路１３ｂとがそれぞれ形成されて、ターボ過給機１０Ａに対する冷却と潤滑がそれぞれ行われる。各軸受１８を潤滑し終えた潤滑油を自然落下させるため、ターボ潤滑油路１３ｂの出口（不図示）は鉛直方向下側に向けられる。各軸受１８を潤滑し終えた潤滑油は所定経路に沿ってオイルパン（不図示）に戻される。   As shown in FIG. 4, the center housing 13 has a pair of bearings 18 and 18 that rotatably support the rotor shaft 16. Each bearing 18 may be a ball bearing or a plain bearing. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the center housing 13 is provided on one side surface 4 a integrally with the cylinder head 4. The center housing 13 is cast integrally with the cylinder head 4 from a material mainly composed of aluminum. As shown in FIG. 4, the center housing 13 has a cooling turbo cooling water channel 13 a communicating with the cooling water channel formed in the cylinder head 4 and a lubricating oil channel communicating with the lubricating oil channel formed in the cylinder head 4. The turbo lubricating oil passages 13b are respectively formed to cool and lubricate the turbocharger 10A. In order to allow the lubricating oil that has finished lubricating each bearing 18 to fall naturally, the outlet (not shown) of the turbo lubricating oil passage 13b is directed downward in the vertical direction. The lubricating oil that has finished lubricating each bearing 18 is returned to an oil pan (not shown) along a predetermined path.

ターボ過給機１０Ａによれば、タービンハウジング１１とシリンダヘッド４に内蔵された排気マニホールド部５とが、センタハウジング１３が設けられたシリンダヘッドの一側面４ａにて接続されるので、内燃機関１Ａの各気筒２からタービンハウジング１１までの排気流路の容積を小さくでき、ターボ過給機の応答性が向上する。また、センタハウジング１３にはターボ過給機１０Ａの重心が存在し、センタハウジング１３にてターボ過給機１０Ａを支持するため、例えば高剛性のステー等の支持手段を設けなくても内燃機関に対する取付けの安定性を確保できる。更に、ターボ過給機１０Ａが内燃機関１Ａに近接して搭載されるので、内燃機関１Ａとターボ過給機１０Ａのトータルのサイズを小さくすることができ、車両への搭載に確保すべきスペースを小さくできる。更にまた、センタハウジング１３がシリンダヘッド４と同一のアルミ材料で構成されているので、鋳鉄等を用いる場合に比べて軽量化でき、内燃機関１Ａとターボ過給機１０Ａとのトータルの重量を軽量化できる。また、主に、センタハウジング１３によってターボ過給機１０Ａが支持されるので、タービンハウジング１１やコンプレッサハウジング１２を軽量化することもできる。   According to the turbocharger 10A, the turbine housing 11 and the exhaust manifold portion 5 built in the cylinder head 4 are connected by the one side surface 4a of the cylinder head provided with the center housing 13, so that the internal combustion engine 1A The volume of the exhaust passage from each cylinder 2 to the turbine housing 11 can be reduced, and the response of the turbocharger is improved. Further, since the center of gravity of the turbocharger 10A exists in the center housing 13 and the turbocharger 10A is supported by the center housing 13, the center housing 13 can support the internal combustion engine without providing support means such as a highly rigid stay. Installation stability can be secured. Furthermore, since the turbocharger 10A is mounted in the vicinity of the internal combustion engine 1A, the total size of the internal combustion engine 1A and the turbocharger 10A can be reduced, and a space to be secured for mounting on the vehicle is ensured. Can be small. Furthermore, since the center housing 13 is made of the same aluminum material as the cylinder head 4, the weight can be reduced compared to the case of using cast iron or the like, and the total weight of the internal combustion engine 1A and the turbocharger 10A can be reduced. Can be Further, since the turbocharger 10A is mainly supported by the center housing 13, the turbine housing 11 and the compressor housing 12 can be reduced in weight.

（第２の実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２の実施形態について図５及び図６を参照して説明する。図２に示したように、この実施形態の内燃機関１Ｂは、第１の実施形態のシリンダヘッド４と構成が相違するシリンダヘッド２４を有している。シリンダヘッド２４には、排気マニホールド部２５と、吸気マニホールド部２６とがそれぞれ形成され、排気マニホールド部２５及び吸気マニホールド部２６がシリンダヘッド２４の長手方向側の一側面２４ａにそれぞれ開口している。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the internal combustion engine 1 </ b> B of this embodiment has a cylinder head 24 having a configuration different from that of the cylinder head 4 of the first embodiment. The cylinder head 24 is formed with an exhaust manifold portion 25 and an intake manifold portion 26, respectively. The exhaust manifold portion 25 and the intake manifold portion 26 are opened on one side surface 24 a of the cylinder head 24 in the longitudinal direction.

排気マニホールド部２５は、気筒２毎に分岐される排気分岐部２５ａと、排気分岐部２５ａが集合する排気集合部２５ｂと、排気集合部２５ｂに連通する排気開口部２５ｃと、を有し、吸気マニホールド部２６は、気筒２毎に２つずつ分岐された吸気分岐部２６ａと、吸気分岐部２６ａが集合する吸気集合部２６ｂと、吸気集合部２６ｂと連通する吸気開口部２６ｃと、を有している。   The exhaust manifold section 25 has an exhaust branch section 25a branched for each cylinder 2, an exhaust collection section 25b where the exhaust branch section 25a collects, and an exhaust opening section 25c communicating with the exhaust collection section 25b. The manifold portion 26 has an intake branch portion 26a branched into two for each cylinder 2, an intake manifold portion 26b where the intake branch portion 26a gathers, and an intake opening portion 26c communicating with the intake manifold portion 26b. ing.

また、シリンダヘッド２４は、図６に示したように、冷却用の冷却水路１９が吸気集合部５１ｂに隣接し、かつ吸気集合部２６ｂと熱交換可能に形成されている。   Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the cylinder head 24 is formed so that the cooling water channel 19 for cooling is adjacent to the intake air collecting portion 51b and can exchange heat with the intake air collecting portion 26b.

この形態のターボ過給機１０Ｂの構成は、第１の実施形態のターボ過給機１０Ａと略同一である。但し、ターボ過給機１０Ｂのタービンハウジング２１１は排気開口部２５ｃに、コンプレッサハウジング２１２は吸気開口部２６ｃに、一側面２４ａ側でそれぞれ接続されて、更なるコンパクト化が実現されている。また、センタハウジング２１３は、シリンダヘッド２４の一側面２４ａに一体的に設けられる。   The configuration of the turbocharger 10B of this embodiment is substantially the same as the turbocharger 10A of the first embodiment. However, the turbine housing 211 of the turbocharger 10B is connected to the exhaust opening 25c, and the compressor housing 212 is connected to the intake opening 26c on the side surface 24a side, so that further downsizing is realized. The center housing 213 is integrally provided on one side surface 24 a of the cylinder head 24.

第２の実施形態によれば、第１の実施形態と同様の効果を奏し、更にシリンダヘッド２４の冷却水路１９が図６の如く設けられているので、コンプレッサハウジング２１２を経て吸気集合部２６ｂに導かれた吸気を冷却することができ、別部品としてインタークーラを設けることなくターボ過給機の過給効率を高めることが可能となる。   According to the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is obtained, and the cooling water channel 19 of the cylinder head 24 is further provided as shown in FIG. The guided intake air can be cooled, and the turbocharging efficiency of the turbocharger can be increased without providing an intercooler as a separate part.

（第３の実施形態）
次に、本発明の第３の実施形態について図７〜図９を参照して説明する。これらの図に示したように、本実施形態では、内燃機関１Ｃがシリンダブロック３３及びシリンダヘッド３４を有し、ターボ過給機１０Ｃのセンタハウジング３１３がシリンダブロック３３に一体的に設けられている。センタハウジング３１３は、第１の実施形態の場合と同様に、アルミニウムを主成分とした材料でシリンダブロック３３と一体的に鋳造される。シリンダヘッド３４は、図３の形態と同様に、排気マニホールド部３５を内蔵し、その排気開口部３５ｃが下方、即ち、シリンダブロック３３側に向けられている。排気開口部３５ｃの端部には、シリンダヘッド３４の下端面３４ａと面一になるようにしてフランジ部３５ｄが形成される。その他、排気マニホールド部３５の構成は、排気開口部３５ｃの構成を除き図３と同一なので、図示を省略する。 (Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in these drawings, in this embodiment, the internal combustion engine 1C has a cylinder block 33 and a cylinder head 34, and the center housing 313 of the turbocharger 10C is provided integrally with the cylinder block 33. . As in the case of the first embodiment, the center housing 313 is integrally cast with the cylinder block 33 using a material mainly composed of aluminum. 3, the cylinder head 34 incorporates an exhaust manifold portion 35, and the exhaust opening portion 35c is directed downward, that is, toward the cylinder block 33 side. A flange portion 35d is formed at the end of the exhaust opening 35c so as to be flush with the lower end surface 34a of the cylinder head 34. In addition, since the configuration of the exhaust manifold portion 35 is the same as that of FIG. 3 except for the configuration of the exhaust opening portion 35c, the illustration is omitted.

図９に示したように、タービンハウジング３１１は蛇腹管等の可撓性配管３７を介して排気開口部３５ｃと接続され、フランジ部３５ｄに設けられたボルト３８等の締結手段で固定される。これによりタービンハウジング３１１の熱膨張による熱応力が緩和され、ヒビ、割れ等が防止される。なお、図示を省略したが、センタハウジング３１３は、第１の実施形態と同様に、冷却用のターボ冷却水路と、潤滑用のターボ潤滑油路とを有し、これらによってターボ過給機１０Ｃに対する冷却と潤滑がそれぞれ行われる。   As shown in FIG. 9, the turbine housing 311 is connected to the exhaust opening 35c via a flexible pipe 37 such as a bellows pipe, and is fixed by fastening means such as a bolt 38 provided on the flange part 35d. As a result, thermal stress due to thermal expansion of the turbine housing 311 is relieved, and cracks, cracks, and the like are prevented. Although not shown in the figure, the center housing 313 has a cooling turbo cooling water channel and a lubricating turbo lubricating oil channel, as in the first embodiment, and with respect to the turbocharger 10C. Cooling and lubrication are performed respectively.

この形態によれば、シリンダヘッド３４の下端面３４ａとフランジ部３５ｄとが面一に設定されているので、フランジ部３５ｄの加工とシリンダヘッド３４の下端面３４ａの加工とを同時に行うことができ、加工コストを削減できる。また、ターボ過給機１０Ｃをシリンダブロック３３（内燃機関１Ｃ）に近接させて搭載できるので、ＮＶ（Ｎｏｉｓｅ ＆ Ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ）に有利となり、また、車両への搭載に確保すべきスペースを小さくできるので、エンジンルームの設計の自由度が向上する。なお、図示は省略するが、この実施形態において、排気マニホールド部をシリンダヘッドと別体で構成し、排気マニホールド部をシリンダヘッドに取り付ける形態で実現してもよい。   According to this embodiment, since the lower end surface 34a of the cylinder head 34 and the flange portion 35d are set to be flush with each other, the processing of the flange portion 35d and the processing of the lower end surface 34a of the cylinder head 34 can be performed simultaneously. Processing costs can be reduced. Further, since the turbocharger 10C can be mounted close to the cylinder block 33 (internal combustion engine 1C), it is advantageous for NV (Noise & Vibration), and the space to be secured for mounting on the vehicle can be reduced. The degree of freedom in designing the engine room is improved. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, in this embodiment, an exhaust manifold part may be comprised separately from a cylinder head, and you may implement | achieve in the form which attaches an exhaust manifold part to a cylinder head.

（参考例）
次に、本発明の参考例について図１０及び図１１を参照して説明する。図１０に示したように、このターボ過給機１０Ｄは、センタハウジング４１３が内燃機関１Ｄのシリンダブロック４３に対してボルト４６等の締結手段にて直付けされる。タービンハウジング４１１、コンプレッサハウジング４１２、等のその他の構成は、上述した形態と同一である。図４１３に示したように、センタハウジング４１３には、内燃機関１Ｄ側の冷却水路と連通するターボ冷却水路４１３ａと、内燃機関１Ｄ側の潤滑油路と連通するターボ潤滑油路４１３ｂとがそれぞれ形成される。また、センタハウジング４１３は、第１取付面４７と第２取付面４８とを有し、第１取付面４７にターボ冷却水路４１３ａの入口部５１及び出口部５２が、第２取付面４８にターボ潤滑油路４１３ｂの入口部５３及び出口部５４が、それぞれ設けられる。このため、一つの取付面に冷却用と潤滑用の出入口が混在する形態に比べ、内燃機関１Ｄ側の受け口の構成をシンプルにできる利点がある。なお、この変形例において、センタハウジング４１４をシリンダヘッド（不図示）に対して締結手段にて直付けし、ターボ過給機１０Ｄを内燃機関１Ｄに取り付けてもよい。 (Reference example)
Next, a reference example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 10, in the turbocharger 10D, the center housing 413 is directly attached to the cylinder block 43 of the internal combustion engine 1D by fastening means such as a bolt 46. Other configurations such as the turbine housing 411 and the compressor housing 412 are the same as those described above. As shown in FIG. 413, in the center housing 413, a turbo cooling water passage 413a communicating with the cooling water passage on the internal combustion engine 1D side and a turbo lubricating oil passage 413b communicating with the lubricating oil passage on the internal combustion engine 1D side are formed. Is done. The center housing 413 includes a first mounting surface 47 and a second mounting surface 48, and the inlet portion 51 and the outlet portion 52 of the turbo cooling water channel 413 a are provided on the first mounting surface 47, and the second mounting surface 48 is provided with a turbo. An inlet portion 53 and an outlet portion 54 of the lubricating oil passage 413b are provided. For this reason, there exists an advantage which can simplify the structure of the receiving port by the side of the internal combustion engine 1D compared with the form in which the inlet / outlet for cooling and lubrication coexist on one attachment surface. In this modification, the center housing 414 may be directly attached to a cylinder head (not shown) by fastening means, and the turbocharger 10D may be attached to the internal combustion engine 1D.

本発明を内燃機関に搭載した実施形態を模式的に示した図。The figure which showed typically embodiment which mounted this invention in the internal combustion engine. 図１のシリンダヘッドを模式的に示した図。The figure which showed the cylinder head of FIG. 1 typically. 図１のシリンダヘッドの上面を模式的に示した図。The figure which showed the upper surface of the cylinder head of FIG. 1 typically. 図１のターボ過給機の内部構造の概略を示した図。The figure which showed the outline of the internal structure of the turbocharger of FIG. 本発明の第２の実施形態を示した図。The figure which showed the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 図５のシリンダヘッドの構成を模式的に示した側面図。The side view which showed typically the structure of the cylinder head of FIG. 本発明の第３の実施形態を示した図。The figure which showed the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 図７のシリンダブロックの構成を示した図。The figure which showed the structure of the cylinder block of FIG. 図８のタービンハウジング及びコンプレッサハウジングを取り外した状態を示した図。The figure which showed the state which removed the turbine housing and compressor housing of FIG. 参考例に係るターボ過給機を内燃機関のシリンダブロックに取り付けた状態を示した図。The figure which showed the state which attached the turbocharger which concerns on a reference example to the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine. 参考例に係るターボ過給機のセンタハウジングの詳細図。The detailed view of the center housing of the turbocharger which concerns on a reference example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１Ａ、１Ｂ、１Ｃ 内燃機関
２ 気筒
３、２３、３３ シリンダブロック
４、２４、３４ シリンダヘッド
４ａ、２４ａ 一側面
５ 排気マニホールド部
５ａ 排気分岐部
６ 吸気マニホールド部
６ａ 吸気分岐部
１０Ａ、１０Ｂ、１０Ｃ ターボ過給機
１１、２１１、３１１ タービンハウジング
１２、２１２、３１２ コンプレッサハウジング
１３、２１３、３１３ センタハウジング
１４ タービンロータ
１５ コンプレッサロータ
１６ ロータシャフト 1A, 1B, 1C Internal combustion engine 2 Cylinders 3, 23, 33 Cylinder blocks 4, 24, 34 Cylinder heads 4a, 24a One side surface 5 Exhaust manifold portion 5a Exhaust branch portion 6 Intake manifold portion 6a Intake branch portions 10A, 10B, 10C Turbo Turbocharger 11, 211, 311 Turbine housing 12, 212, 312 Compressor housing 13, 213, 313 Center housing 14 Turbine rotor 15 Compressor rotor 16 Rotor shaft

Claims (4)

タービンロータを収容するタービンハウジングと、コンプレッサロータを収容するコンプレッサハウジングと、タービンロータとコンプレッサロータとを連結するロータシャフトを回転可能に支持するセンタハウジングと、を有し、
前記タービンハウジング及び前記コンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれが内燃機関のシリンダヘッドから露出するように配置され、かつ、前記センタハウジングが前記シリンダヘッドの一側面に一体的に設けられることを特徴とする内燃機関用ターボ過給機。 A turbine housing that houses the turbine rotor, a compressor housing that houses the compressor rotor, and a center housing that rotatably supports a rotor shaft that connects the turbine rotor and the compressor rotor,
Each of the turbine housing and the compressor housing is disposed so as to be exposed from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, and the center housing is integrally provided on one side surface of the cylinder head. Turbocharger. 前記シリンダヘッドは、気筒毎に分岐された排気分岐部を有する排気マニホールド部を備えるとともに、前記排気マニホールド部が前記一側面に開口するようにして構成され、
前記タービンハウジングと前記排気マニホールド部とが前記一側面側で接続されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関用ターボ過給機。 The cylinder head includes an exhaust manifold portion having an exhaust branch portion branched for each cylinder, and is configured such that the exhaust manifold portion opens on the one side surface,
The turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine housing and the exhaust manifold portion are connected on the one side surface side. 前記シリンダヘッドは、気筒毎に分岐された排気分岐部を有する排気マニホールド部と、気筒毎に分岐された吸気分岐部を有する吸気マニホールド部と、前記吸気マニホールド部に隣接し、前記排気マニホールド部と熱交換可能に設けられた冷却水路と、を備えるとともに、前記排気マニホールド部及び前記吸気マニホールド部のそれぞれが前記シリンダヘッドの前記一側面に開口するようにして構成され、
前記タービンハウジングが前記排気マニホールド部に、前記コンプレッサハウジングが前記吸気マニホールド部に、前記一側面側でそれぞれ接続されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関用ターボ過給機。 The cylinder head includes an exhaust manifold portion having an exhaust branch portion branched for each cylinder, an intake manifold portion having an intake branch portion branched for each cylinder, the exhaust manifold portion adjacent to the intake manifold portion, A cooling water passage provided so as to be capable of heat exchange, and each of the exhaust manifold portion and the intake manifold portion is configured to open to the one side surface of the cylinder head,
2. The turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine housing is connected to the exhaust manifold portion and the compressor housing is connected to the intake manifold portion on the one side surface side. タービンロータを収容するタービンハウジングと、コンプレッサロータを収容するコンプレッサハウジングと、タービンロータとコンプレッサロータとを連結するロータシャフトを回転可能に支持するセンタハウジングと、を有し、
前記タービンハウジング及び前記コンプレッサハウジングのそれぞれが内燃機関のシリンダブロックから露出するように配置され、かつ、前記センタハウジングが前記シリンダブロックの一側面に一体的に設けられることを特徴とする内燃機関用ターボ過給機。
A turbine housing that houses the turbine rotor, a compressor housing that houses the compressor rotor, and a center housing that rotatably supports a rotor shaft that connects the turbine rotor and the compressor rotor,
Each of the turbine housing and the compressor housing is disposed so as to be exposed from a cylinder block of the internal combustion engine, and the center housing is integrally provided on one side surface of the cylinder block. Turbocharger.
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