JP2006191894A - Mulching sheet having soil ameliorating function and method for using the same - Google Patents

Mulching sheet having soil ameliorating function and method for using the same Download PDF

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JP2006191894A
JP2006191894A JP2005008978A JP2005008978A JP2006191894A JP 2006191894 A JP2006191894 A JP 2006191894A JP 2005008978 A JP2005008978 A JP 2005008978A JP 2005008978 A JP2005008978 A JP 2005008978A JP 2006191894 A JP2006191894 A JP 2006191894A
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sheet
soil
laying
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Soichi Inoue
壮一 井上
Hiroyasu Sakaguchi
浩康 坂口
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Toyobo Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mulching sheet having moisture permeability, waterproofness, light-shielding property, light weight, durability, grass growth preventing function and soil ameliorating function, effective for improving the quality in the culture of fruit trees, etc., giving reduced load on the farm worker and suitable for eco-friendly agriculture and provide a method for the use of the mulching sheet. <P>SOLUTION: The mulching sheet is composed of a filament nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 10-25 μm and has a light-shielding ratio of 95-100%, water pressure resistance of 5-150 mmAq, moisture permeability of 7,000-15,000 g/(m<SP>2</SP>24hr) and a fabric basis weight of 45-150 g/m<SP>2</SP>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、土壌改良機能を有するマルチシートおよびその使用方法に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは長繊維不織布を使用した農業用に好適なシートであり、軽量で取り扱い性が良く敷設時の作業性に優れ、かつ食用果樹の糖度増加や早期熟成などの効果を有するシート及びその使用方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a multi-sheet having a soil improvement function and a method for using the same, and more specifically, a sheet suitable for agriculture using a long-fiber nonwoven fabric, which is lightweight, easy to handle and easy to work at the time of laying. The present invention relates to a sheet that is excellent and has effects such as an increase in sugar content and early aging of edible fruit trees, and a method for using the sheet.

従来より、多孔性フィルムを用いた土壌被覆材等のシート状物(マルチシート)で土壌を被覆し、食用果実の糖度増加や、色づきの鮮明化させる方法が検討されている(例えば特許文献1参照)。これらシート状物は、目的とする果実の育成に応じた透湿性、防水性、更には機械的特性等が要求されているところ、ポリオレフィン系のフラッシュ紡糸された不織布は、透湿性、防水性、機械的特性、及び化学的特性等のバランスから、ミカンなどのマルチシートとして使用されている。しかしながら、フラッシュ紡糸不織布は、ペーパーライクであり、風によりシートがバタついて音が発生するという問題があった。更に、表面が非常に平滑であるためシートに泥や水が付着すると、シートの上を歩行するときに滑りやすいという問題点もあった。これを解消するため、エンボス加工などにより柔軟化処理されたシートも上市されているが、耐久性が低下し、長期間使用すると劣化部分が発生するという不具合点が生ずる。また従来のマルチシートでは土壌水分の正確なコントロールが困難であり、要求される品質(糖度等)の果実が得られていないのが現状である。
特開平6−327361号公報
Conventionally, a method of covering the soil with a sheet-like material (multi-sheet) such as a soil covering material using a porous film to increase the sugar content of edible fruits and to clarify the coloring (for example, Patent Document 1). reference). These sheet-like materials are required to have moisture permeability, waterproofness, mechanical properties, etc. according to the desired fruit growth, and polyolefin-based flash-spun nonwoven fabric is moisture-permeable, waterproof, It is used as a multi-sheet such as a mandarin orange because of the balance of mechanical properties and chemical properties. However, the flash-spun nonwoven fabric is paper-like and has a problem that the sheet flutters due to wind and generates sound. Furthermore, since the surface is very smooth, if mud or water adheres to the sheet, there is a problem that it is slippery when walking on the sheet. In order to solve this problem, a sheet softened by embossing or the like has been put on the market. However, the durability is lowered, and there is a problem that a deteriorated part occurs when used for a long time. In addition, it is difficult to accurately control soil moisture with the conventional multi-sheet, and the fruit of the required quality (sugar content, etc.) has not been obtained.
JP-A-6-327361

本発明は、透湿性および防水性、遮光性があり、軽量で耐久性がある上に防草機能があるなど土壌改良機能を有し、果樹などの栽培において品質改善を図ることができるとともに、農業従事者の負担が小さく、環境にやさしい農業用に好適なマルチシートおよびその使用方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention is moisture permeable and waterproof, has light shielding properties, has a soil improvement function such as light weight and durability and has a herbicidal function, and can improve quality in cultivation of fruit trees, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-seat suitable for agricultural use that is less burdensome for agricultural workers and is environmentally friendly, and a method for using the same.

本発明者らは上記課題を解決するため、鋭意研究した結果、遂に本発明を完成するに到った。すなわち、(1)繊維径が10〜25μmの長繊維不織布からなり、遮光率が95〜100%、耐水圧が5〜150mmAq、透湿度が7000〜15000g/m2・24時間以上、かつ目付が45〜150g/m2であることを特徴とするマルチシートであり、(2)長繊維不織布がポリエステル系長繊維不織布であることを特徴とする(1)に記載のマルチシートであり、(3)雑草が成育する前に(1)又は(2)いずれかに記載のマルチシートを果樹の根元に敷設し、該マルチシートで被覆された地面部分に雑草の育成を実質的に抑制することを特徴とするマルチシートの使用方法であり、(4)7月から8月の夏期において、地表から10cmの深さの土壌最高温度が概マルチシートを敷設することにより、非敷設時より3℃以上低くなるように、マルチシートを敷設することを特徴とする(3)記載のマルチシートの使用方法であり、(5)マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表から約30cmまでの深さの土壌貫入抵抗が低下することを特徴とする(3)又は(4)いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法であり、(6)マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表から5−10cmの深さの気相率が上昇することを特徴とする(3)〜(5)いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法であり、(7)マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表周辺の水分コントロールができ土壌水分の変化が緩慢になることを特徴とする(3)〜(6)いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法であり、(8)マルチシートと土壌の間の少なくとも一部に、植物性繊維及び/又はアクリル系繊維を含む親水性の繊維集合体を敷設することを特徴とする(3)〜(7)いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法であり、(9)マルチシートの一部に結果として切り込みが入ったマルチシートを使用することを特徴とする(3)〜(8)いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法である。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have finally completed the present invention. That is, (1) It consists of a long-fiber nonwoven fabric having a fiber diameter of 10 to 25 μm, a light shielding rate of 95 to 100%, a water pressure resistance of 5 to 150 mmAq, a moisture permeability of 7000 to 15000 g / m 2 · 24 hours or more, and a basis weight. a multi-sheet, which is a 45~150g / m 2, a multi-sheet according to (2) long-fiber nonwoven fabric is characterized in that it is a polyester long-fiber nonwoven fabric (1), (3 ) Before the weed grows, laying the multi-sheet according to either (1) or (2) at the base of the fruit tree, and substantially suppressing the growth of the weed on the ground portion covered with the multi-sheet (4) In the summer from July to August, the maximum soil temperature at a depth of 10cm from the ground surface is approximately 3 ° C or more from the non-laying position by laying the multi-sheet. (3) The method of using the multi-sheet as described in (3), wherein the multi-sheet is laid so that the distance is approximately 30 cm from the ground surface than when not laid by laying the multi-sheet. It is a method of using the multi-sheet according to either (3) or (4), characterized in that the soil penetration resistance of the depth is reduced, and (6) than when not laid by laying the multi-sheet, The method of using a multi-sheet according to any one of (3) to (5), characterized in that the gas phase rate at a depth of 5-10 cm increases from the ground surface, and (7) by laying the multi-sheet It is a method of using the multi-sheet according to any one of (3) to (6), characterized in that the moisture around the ground surface can be controlled and the change in soil moisture becomes slower than when not laid, Sheet and soil In the method for using a multi-sheet according to any one of (3) to (7), a hydrophilic fiber assembly including plant fibers and / or acrylic fibers is laid at least at a part thereof. Yes, (9) The method of using a multi-sheet according to any one of (3) to (8), wherein a multi-sheet having a notch as a result is used in a part of the multi-sheet.

本発明によれば、透湿性および防水性、遮光性があり、軽量で耐久性がある上に防草機能があるなど土壌改良機能を有し、一年を通じて土壌の正確な水分コントロールが可能となり、果樹などの栽培において品質改善を図ることができるとともに、農業従事者の負担が小さく、環境にやさしい農業用に好適なマルチシートおよびその使用方法を提供することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it has a soil improvement function such as moisture permeability, waterproof property, light shielding property, light weight and durability, and has a herbicidal function, and enables accurate moisture control of the soil throughout the year. In addition, it is possible to improve quality in cultivation of fruit trees and the like, and to provide a multi-sheet suitable for agricultural use that is light on the burden on agricultural workers and is environmentally friendly, and a method for using the same.

本発明にかかるマルチシートは、繊維径は10〜25μmである長繊維不織布よりなることが望ましい。長繊維不織布は強度特性にすぐれているため、使用時の高い耐久性を実現することが可能であり、更には風によって発生する音が減少するからである。繊維径が10μmより小さいと耐候性が低くなり、2〜5年程度継続して使用することができなくなるため問題であり、25ミクロンを超えると、不織布の繊維本数が減るために、光の反射や遮蔽を実現することが困難となる。より好ましくは11〜23μm、更に好ましくは12〜20μmである。   As for the multisheet concerning this invention, it is desirable to consist of a long fiber nonwoven fabric whose fiber diameter is 10-25 micrometers. This is because the long-fiber non-woven fabric has excellent strength characteristics, so that high durability during use can be realized, and furthermore, sound generated by wind is reduced. If the fiber diameter is smaller than 10 μm, the weather resistance will be low and it will be impossible to use continuously for about 2 to 5 years. If it exceeds 25 microns, the number of fibers in the nonwoven fabric will decrease, and light reflection will occur. It is difficult to realize shielding. More preferably, it is 11-23 micrometers, More preferably, it is 12-20 micrometers.

長繊維不織布は特に限定されるものではなく、スパンボンド法やトウ開繊法、フラッシュ紡糸法等により製造された実質的に繊維の切断端がない不織布であれば特に規定されるものではないが、物性やコストのバランスより、スパンボンド法を採用することが好ましい。 The long fiber nonwoven fabric is not particularly limited, and is not particularly defined as long as it is a nonwoven fabric that is produced by a spunbond method, a tow opening method, a flash spinning method, or the like and has substantially no fiber cut ends. In view of the balance between physical properties and cost, it is preferable to employ the spunbond method.

素材もポリエステルやポリオレフィン、ポリアミドなどの樹脂に適切な耐候剤を用いて耐久性を持たせたものであれば使用可能であるが、強度や耐候性の観点からポリエステル系が好ましい。 Any material can be used as long as it is made of a resin, such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, or the like, using a suitable weathering agent to make it durable. However, polyester is preferred from the viewpoint of strength and weather resistance.

さらに、本発明のマルチシートは、遮光率が95%〜100%であることが好ましい。遮光率が95%以上あると、一年を通じて正確な土壌の水分コントロールが可能となり、これにより高い糖度の果実を得ることが可能となるからであるからである。すなわち、本発明者らは、雑草の発育により土壌とマルチシートの間に空隙が生じて土壌の水分コントロールが十分にできなかったために、目的とする高い糖度の果実が得られていなかったことをまず見出した。そこで、除草剤を用いることも考えられたが、消費者や生産者の安全、環境問題を考慮し更なる検討を加えた結果、マルチシートの遮光率を95%以上とすることにより有効に雑草の発育を抑制し、これにより安全に高い糖度の果実を得ることができることを見出した。
より好ましくはましくは98%以上、特に好ましくは99%以上である。
Furthermore, the multi-sheet of the present invention preferably has a light shielding rate of 95% to 100%. This is because when the light-shielding rate is 95% or more, it becomes possible to accurately control the moisture of the soil throughout the year, thereby obtaining fruits having a high sugar content. That is, the present inventors have found that a fruit having a high sugar content was not obtained because weeds were not able to adequately control the moisture of the soil due to the formation of voids between the soil and the multi-sheet due to the growth of weeds. First found. Therefore, the use of a herbicide was considered, but as a result of further studies taking into account the safety and environmental issues of consumers and producers, weeding was effectively achieved by setting the multisheet light shielding rate to 95% or more. It has been found that fruit with a high sugar content can be obtained safely.
More preferably, it is 98% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.

遮光率を所望の値にするためには、以下の手段をとることが好ましい。その一つは、長繊維不織布あるいは透湿防水膜にカーボンなどの顔料を材料に添加することで光の吸収を行う方法である。また別の手段としては、SUSやアルミニウムなどの金属をどちらかに蒸着あるいはスパッタリング処理することである。膜自身に透湿性がない場合は、蒸着などの処理の後、微小な孔をあけても遮光率は大きく変わらない。 In order to set the light shielding rate to a desired value, it is preferable to take the following means. One of them is a method of absorbing light by adding a pigment such as carbon to a long-fiber nonwoven fabric or a moisture-permeable waterproof membrane. As another means, a metal such as SUS or aluminum is vapor deposited or sputtered on either side. If the film itself is not permeable to moisture, the shading rate does not change greatly even if a minute hole is made after a process such as vapor deposition.

本発明のマルチシートの特性としては、透湿度が7000〜15000g/m2・24時間、耐水圧が5〜150mmAqであることが好ましい。透湿度が前記の範囲であると、本マルチシートを敷設後シートと土壌表面間の水分コントロールができ、結果として土壌水分の変化を緩慢にできる。ハウス内への敷設の場合、間接的にハウス内部の温湿度変化を緩慢にできる効果を奏する。 As the characteristics of the multi-sheet of the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture permeability is 7000 to 15000 g / m 2 · 24 hours, and the water pressure resistance is 5 to 150 mmAq. When the moisture permeability is in the above range, moisture control between the sheet and the soil surface can be performed after laying the present multi-sheet, and as a result, the change in soil moisture can be slowed down. In the case of laying in the house, the effect of slowing the temperature and humidity change inside the house indirectly is achieved.

透湿度が7000g/m2・24時未満の場合、概マルチシートシートと土壌表面間で水分率が高くなり、結果土壌水分の異常上昇や気相率が低下し好ましくない。
一方、15000g/m2・24時間を超えると透湿性シートとして意味を示さない。 より好ましくは8000〜15000g/m2・24時間、更に好ましく10000〜15000g/m2・24時間である。
When the moisture permeability is less than 7000 g / m 2 · 24 o'clock, the moisture content is increased between the multi-sheet sheet and the soil surface, resulting in an abnormal increase in soil moisture and a decrease in gas phase rate.
On the other hand, if it exceeds 15000 g / m 2 · 24 hours, it does not show a meaning as a moisture-permeable sheet. More preferably, it is 8000-15000 g / m < 2 > * 24 hours, More preferably, it is 10000-15000 g / m < 2 > * 24 hours.

また、耐水圧が150mmAq未満のであれば、雨や積極散水などシート表面に付着した水分を効率よく土壌に移動させることができ好ましい。耐水圧が150mmAq以上の場合、散水した水分を効率よく土壌に移動させることができず、シートを除去する手間も増え好ましくない。
一方、5mmAqより小さければ耐水圧の値として意味を示さない。
In addition, if the water pressure resistance is less than 150 mmAq, it is preferable because moisture attached to the sheet surface such as rain or positive watering can be efficiently transferred to the soil. When the water pressure resistance is 150 mmAq or more, the sprayed water cannot be efficiently transferred to the soil, which increases the time and effort for removing the sheet.
On the other hand, if it is smaller than 5 mmAq, the value of the water pressure resistance is not meaningful.

本発明のマルチシートの目付は、45〜150g/m2であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは50〜80g/m2である。適当な機械的特性や耐久性を保持するためには45g/m2以上であることが必要であり、炎天下作業や斜面作業など敷設時の労力など作業性を考慮すると150g/m2以下であることが好ましいことがフィールド試験の結果で明らかとなった。 Basis weight of the multi-sheet of the present invention is preferably 45~150g / m 2, particularly preferably 50 to 80 g / m 2. In order to maintain appropriate mechanical properties and durability, it is necessary to be 45 g / m 2 or more, and it is 150 g / m 2 or less in consideration of workability such as work during installation in hot weather or slope work. It was clear from the results of field tests that this was preferable.

本発明における繊維径は平均値を代表値として考えることが、嵩高性や伸縮性を出すためにそれより太い繊維を重量分率で30%程度までなら混合しても本発明の目的をあまり阻害しない。従って,平均繊維径は全体の繊維のなかで細い方から70%だけを取り出して計算すればよい。   Considering the average value of the fiber diameter in the present invention as a representative value, in order to obtain bulkiness and stretchability, even if thicker fibers are mixed up to about 30% by weight, the object of the present invention is greatly hindered. do not do. Therefore, the average fiber diameter may be calculated by taking out only 70% from the narrowest of the total fibers.

ポリエステル系不織布は、適当な酸化防止剤や耐候材、滑材、着色剤などを混合することも可能である。特に紫外線などによる劣化を防止するために紫外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤、酸化防止剤を総量で0.1〜15%程度、好ましくは0.5〜12%、特に好ましくは3〜10%程度付与することが好ましい。   The polyester nonwoven fabric can be mixed with an appropriate antioxidant, weathering material, lubricant, colorant, and the like. In particular, in order to prevent deterioration due to ultraviolet rays or the like, a total amount of UV absorber, UV stabilizer, and antioxidant is applied to about 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.5 to 12%, particularly preferably about 3 to 10%. It is preferable to do.

また、本発明で使用される不織布は熱エンボス加工処理されており、厚みが0.15〜0.70mmであることが好ましい。熱エンボスされることで、シート強度を大幅に向上させることができる。繊維の交絡を上げるためにニードルパンチ加工や水流交絡加工を行うことも好ましい形態のひとつであるが、不織布表面があまり毛羽立つと膜との接着性が悪くなるのであまり好ましくない。   Moreover, the nonwoven fabric used by this invention is heat-embossed, and it is preferable that thickness is 0.15-0.70 mm. By heat embossing, the sheet strength can be significantly improved. Performing needle punching or hydroentanglement in order to increase the fiber entanglement is one of the preferred forms, but if the surface of the nonwoven fabric is too fluffy, the adhesiveness to the film is deteriorated, which is not preferable.

本発明におけるマルチシートは、食用果樹や野菜の糖度アップや早期熟成などを目的として、雑草が成育する前に果樹の根元に敷設することが好ましい。雑草が成育する前に本マルチシートを果樹の根元に敷設した場合、例えば雑草が成育していない季節(3月上旬)に敷設した場合、より効率的な防草効果を得ることができ、敷設前に雑草を刈り取るなどの作業や除草剤を撒く作業が不要となるなど、手間を削減でき老齢化する農業従事者の負担の軽減ができるため好ましい。また、除草剤などの農薬の使用を減らすことができ、環境汚染の問題など抑制することができ望ましい。また、本マルチシートを敷設することで、該当時期に著しい地温の温度上昇を抑制でき、狙いの食用果樹などの育成を促す効果も期待できる。また、雑草が成育した後、例えば5月以降に本発明のマルチシートを敷設した場合、本マルチシートが有する防草機能で既に生えた雑草を枯死させる効果は期待でき、敷設しない場合よりも狙いの食用果樹などの育成効果はあるが、均一に敷設することが困難になる、或いは敷設による枯れた草の堆積により、水分や栄養など積極的に土壌をコントロールすることが難しくなることがある。   The multi-sheet in the present invention is preferably laid at the base of fruit trees before weeds grow for the purpose of increasing sugar content or early ripening of edible fruit trees and vegetables. If this multi-sheet is laid at the root of the fruit tree before weeds grow, for example, if it is laid during the season when weeds are not growing (early March), more efficient weeding effect can be obtained and laid. It is preferable because work such as mowing weeds and sowing of a herbicide is unnecessary, and labor can be reduced and the burden on aging farmers can be reduced. In addition, it is desirable to be able to reduce the use of pesticides such as herbicides and to suppress problems such as environmental pollution. In addition, by laying this multi-seat, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise of the ground temperature at the relevant time, and the effect of promoting the growth of target edible fruit trees can be expected. Also, after weeds have grown, for example, when the multi-sheet of the present invention is laid after May, the multi-sheet is expected to have an effect of killing the weeds already grown by the weed control function, which is more aimed than when not laid. Although there is an effect of cultivating edible fruit trees, it may be difficult to lay uniformly, or it may become difficult to actively control soil such as moisture and nutrients due to the accumulation of dead grass by laying.

本マルチシートは、敷設により7月から8月の夏期において、地表から10cmの深さの土壌最高温度が、非敷設時より3℃以上低下するように遮光率と耐水圧、透湿度を調整することが好ましい。7月から8月の日中は、地面温度が上昇し、該最高温度が上がりすぎて果樹の根が痛むという問題を生じやすいが、本発明のマルチシートを用いると、昼間の温度が30℃以上になる一番暑い時期でも、マルチシートを使用しない場合に比べて、3〜7℃程度の土壌最高温度の低下が確認され、植物の樹勢の低下は認められなかった。 This multi-sheet adjusts the shading rate, water pressure resistance, and moisture permeability so that the maximum soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm from the ground surface is lowered by 3 ° C or more in the summer from July to August. It is preferable. During the day from July to August, the ground temperature rises and the maximum temperature rises too much, and the problem is that the roots of the fruit trees hurt. However, when the multi-sheet of the present invention is used, the daytime temperature is 30 ° C. Even in the hottest season as described above, a decrease in the soil maximum temperature of about 3 to 7 ° C. was confirmed as compared with the case where the multi-sheet was not used, and no decrease in the plant vigor was observed.

また、本発明のマルチシートを敷設することにより未敷設時よりも地表から5−10cmの深さの気相率が上昇、好ましくは気相率が未敷設時よりも5%以上上昇するように本マルチシートの遮光率と耐水圧、透湿度を調整することが好ましい。これにより、土壌の貫入抵抗値が低下し膨軟な状態になり、植物の樹勢の向上が認められるからである。   Further, by laying the multi-sheet of the present invention, the gas phase rate at a depth of 5-10 cm from the ground surface is higher than when not laid, and preferably the gas phase rate is increased by 5% or more than when not laid. It is preferable to adjust the light shielding rate, water pressure resistance, and moisture permeability of the multi-sheet. This is because the infiltration resistance value of the soil is lowered and becomes loose, and an improvement in the plant vigor is recognized.

また、本発明のマルチシートの下の地面には、植物性繊維あるいはアクリル系繊維などを含む親水性の繊維集合体を少なくとも一部に敷いてもよい。これらの親水性繊維は、水を保水することが可能であり、降雨量が長期にわたって連続的に少ない場合などの水分不足が過酷となる場合において、潅水など特別な処理を行わなくても、植物の生命を維持する必要最小限の水分を保持することが容易となる。また、植物性繊維の場合には経時的に分解されて植物肥料として用いることも可能である。植物性繊維は、マルチシートにより枯死した雑草でもある程度の効果があるが、ジュートや麻、綿、ケナフ、竹、レーヨンなどの繊維集合体をマルチシートの下に追加して置くことも有効である。アクリル系繊維の場合は、カルボン酸塩基などの親水性基の導入によって、保水性を高めるようにポリマー改質したものであることが好ましく、例としては東洋紡績社製 ランシール(商品名)、カネボウ合繊社製ベルオアシス(商品名)などが挙げられる。 Moreover, you may spread | overlay the hydrophilic fiber assembly containing a vegetable fiber or an acrylic fiber in at least one part on the ground under the multisheet of this invention. These hydrophilic fibers are capable of retaining water, and in cases where water shortages are severe, such as when rainfall is continuously low over a long period of time, plants can be used without special treatment such as irrigation. It will be easier to retain the minimum moisture necessary to maintain life. In the case of vegetable fiber, it can be decomposed with time and used as plant fertilizer. Plant fiber is effective to some extent even in weeds that have died out of the multi-sheet, but it is also effective to add fiber aggregates such as jute, hemp, cotton, kenaf, bamboo, rayon under the multi-sheet. . In the case of acrylic fiber, it is preferable that the polymer is modified to improve water retention by introducing a hydrophilic group such as a carboxylate group. Examples include Lanseal (trade name), Kanebo manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. Examples include Beloasis (trade name) manufactured by Gosei.

本発明のマルチシートを敷設する際、マルチシートの一部に切り込みが入ったマルチシートを使用することが好ましい。具体的には切り込みが入った部分を植物の幹にそって敷設することで敷設の作業性が向上し、前述したとおり、老齢化する農業従事者の負担を軽減することができ、また敷設後の概マルチシートのめくれ防止などに効果があるからである。したがって、切り込みは対象とする果樹の幹の大きさに適合した大きさで入れることが好ましいが、通常シート全巾の1/4〜3/4である。
ここでいう切り込みは、結果として切り込みがあればよく、1枚のシートの一部を切断するものに限らず、2枚のシートの一部(1/4〜3/4)縫合したものであってもよい。
When laying the multi-sheet of the present invention, it is preferable to use a multi-sheet having a cut in a part of the multi-sheet. Specifically, by laying the cut part along the trunk of the plant, the workability of laying is improved, and as mentioned above, the burden on aging agricultural workers can be reduced. This is because it is effective in preventing turning of the multi-sheet. Therefore, it is preferable to make the cut in a size suitable for the size of the target fruit tree trunk, but it is usually ¼ to ¾ of the full width of the sheet.
The incision referred to here is not limited to cutting a part of one sheet, but may be a result of stitching a part of one sheet (1/4 to 3/4). May be.

次に本発明を具体的な実施例で説明するが本発明は何らこれらに限定されるものではない。本発明で使用される測定法は以下のとおりである。   Next, the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The measuring method used in the present invention is as follows.

(透湿度) JIS L 1099の[4.1.1(A−1法)塩化カルシウム使用、φ70mm]に準拠して測定した。 (Moisture permeability) It measured based on [4.1.1 (A-1 method) calcium chloride use, (phi) 70mm] of JISL1099.

(耐水圧) JIS L 1902の[5.1 B法(高水圧法)]に準拠して測定した。 (Water pressure resistance) Measured in accordance with JIS L 1902 [5.1 Method B (High Water Pressure Method)].

(繊維径) 走査型電子顕微鏡により200倍で写真撮影を行い、ランダムに繊維を20〜200程度選んで各繊維の側面間の距離を測定した。撮影倍率より換算して円断面を仮定して繊維径を測定した。繊維径の分布は一般的に釣り鐘型の正規分布に準じた形となるが、異なった繊維径の繊維が混合された場合などはピークが複数存在するため、繊維径が細いほうから70%に相当する分だけ選択して平均値を計算した。 (Fiber diameter) Photographing was carried out at 200 times with a scanning electron microscope, fibers of about 20 to 200 were randomly selected, and the distance between the side surfaces of each fiber was measured. The fiber diameter was measured assuming a circular cross-section in terms of the magnification. The fiber diameter distribution is generally in accordance with the bell-shaped normal distribution, but when fibers with different fiber diameters are mixed, there are multiple peaks, so the fiber diameter is reduced from 70% to 70%. The corresponding value was selected and the average value was calculated.

(実施例1)
IV0.63のポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂にカーボンブラックを1.3%混練しながらスパンボンド法により紡出後、所定のエンボスロールで部分熱圧着を施し、目付50g/m2、平均繊維径14ミクロン、厚み0.20mm、遮光率98%、透湿度11000g/m2・24時間、耐水圧60mmAqのマルチシートを得た。概マルチシートをモモ畑に3月初旬に敷設したところ、マルチシートを使用しない隣接のモモの木に比べて糖度が約2高い値を示し、果実重も約25g重く(10個の平均)、樹勢を示す新梢長が約4cm長く、葉の横幅が3mmほど大きくなった。使用後は、雑草がほぼ枯死しており防草も効果が確認された。8月の外気温度が35℃の昼間に、地面10cm深さの最高温度を測定したところ、28℃になっており地温上昇防止効果が確認できた。また、12月の気相率は本マルチシートを敷設した方が敷設しない方よりも11.9%上昇、地表から約30cmまでの深さの土壌貫入抵抗も敷設時の方が約50%低くなり膨軟な状態となった。なお、作業性はまったく問題無かった。
Example 1
After spinning by the spunbond method while mixing 1.3% of carbon black with polyethylene terephthalate resin of IV0.63, partial thermocompression bonding is performed with a predetermined embossing roll, basis weight 50 g / m 2 , average fiber diameter 14 microns, thickness A multi-sheet having 0.20 mm, a light shielding rate of 98%, a moisture permeability of 11000 g / m 2 · 24 hours, and a water pressure resistance of 60 mmAq was obtained. When a multi-sheet was laid in the peach field in early March, the sugar content was about 2 higher than the adjacent peach tree that does not use the multi-sheet, and the fruit weight was about 25g heavier (average of 10). The shoot length indicating the tree vigor was about 4 cm longer, and the lateral width of the leaves was increased by about 3 mm. After use, weeds were almost dead and weed protection was confirmed. The maximum temperature at a depth of 10 cm on the ground surface was measured during the daytime when the outside air temperature in August was 35 ° C. In addition, the gas phase rate in December increased by 11.9% for those who laid this multi-seat than for those who did not lay, and the soil penetration resistance at a depth of about 30 cm from the ground surface was about 50% lower when laying. It became a bloated state. There was no problem in workability.

(実施例2)
実施例1と同じマルチシートを1辺4mで準備し、ある辺の中心から概マルチシートの中心に向けて2m切り込みを入れたものを、切り込みをモモの幹に入れるように敷設を実施した。敷設時期他の条件は実施例1と同じとした。植物の育成に関する数値は実施例1とほぼ同じ良好な効果が得られた。尚、本方法による敷設により作業性が向上し、敷設時間が約50%低減できたほか、敷設後の経時的なマルチシートのメクレ異常が無かった。
(Example 2)
The same multi-sheet as in Example 1 was prepared with a side of 4 m, and a 2 m cut from the center of a certain side toward the center of the multi-sheet was laid so that the cut was put into the trunk of the peach. The conditions other than the laying time were the same as in Example 1. The numerical values related to plant growth were as good as those in Example 1. In addition, the operability was improved by laying by this method, the laying time could be reduced by about 50%, and there was no abnormality in the multi-sheet creaking over time after laying.

(比較例1)
市販の高密度ポリエチレン性フラッシュ紡糸法で製造された透湿防水性を有する白色マルチシートを敷設した。このシートは遮光率90%、目付42g/m2、透湿度5800g/m2・24時間、耐水圧1800mmAqであった。マルチシートをモモ畑で使用したところ、使用しない隣接の木に比べて糖度が約1.4高い値を示した。しかしながら、敷設後1ヵ月後に調査した際、雑草によりシートが持ち上げられており、台風などが来ると風で吹き飛ばされる可能性があった。また、オーバーラップ部より水が入り込んだ形跡があり、過剰水分の抑制の効果が部分的に機能しなかったと推定され、部分的に土壌貫入抵抗、気層率も未敷設部分と変わらず膨軟な状態とはいえなかった。作業性は、夏場に敷設時など照り返しが厳しく目が非常に疲れるという問題があった。また、降雨後にシートの上を歩くと滑りやすい問題もあった。
(Comparative Example 1)
A white multi-sheet having moisture permeability and waterproofness produced by a commercially available high-density polyethylene flash spinning method was laid. This sheet had a light shielding ratio of 90%, a basis weight of 42 g / m 2 , a moisture permeability of 5800 g / m 2 · 24 hours, and a water pressure resistance of 1800 mmAq. When the multi-sheet was used in the peach field, the sugar content was about 1.4 higher than that of the adjacent tree not used. However, when investigated one month after laying, the sheet was lifted by weeds, and if a typhoon came, it could be blown away by the wind. In addition, there is evidence that water has entered from the overlap part, and it is estimated that the effect of suppressing excess moisture did not work partially, and the soil penetration resistance and the air rate are partially the same as the unlaid part. It could not be said to be in a bad state. As for workability, there was a problem that the reflection was severe and the eyes were very tired when laying in the summer. There was also a problem of slipping when walking on the seat after raining.

本発明のマルチートは、果樹の育成に適した透湿性および防水性を、遮光性があり、軽量で耐久性がある上に防草機能があるなど土壌改良機能を有し、果樹などの栽培において品質改善を図ることができるとともに、作業者の負担が小さく、環境にやさしいいため、特に果実を育成する農業分野に利用することができ、産業界に寄与することが大である。   The malt of the present invention has moisture-impermeable and waterproof properties suitable for growing fruit trees, has light-shielding properties, is light and durable, and has a soil improvement function such as a herbicidal function. The quality can be improved and the burden on the worker is small and friendly to the environment. Therefore, it can be used especially in the agricultural field where fruits are cultivated and contributes to the industry.

Claims (9)

繊維径が10〜25μmの長繊維不織布からなり、遮光率が95〜100%、耐水圧が5〜150mmAq、透湿度が7000〜15000g/m2・24時間、かつ目付が45〜150g/m2であることを特徴とするマルチシート。 It consists of a long fiber nonwoven fabric with a fiber diameter of 10 to 25 μm, a light shielding rate of 95 to 100%, a water pressure resistance of 5 to 150 mmAq, a water vapor transmission rate of 7000 to 15000 g / m 2 · 24 hours, and a basis weight of 45 to 150 g / m 2. Multi-sheet characterized by being. 長繊維不織布がポリエステル系長繊維不織布であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチシート。 The multi-sheet according to claim 1, wherein the long-fiber nonwoven fabric is a polyester-based long-fiber nonwoven fabric. 雑草が成育する前に請求項1又は2いずれかに記載のマルチシートを果樹の根元に敷設し、該マルチシートで被覆された地面部分に雑草の育成を実質的に抑制することを特徴とするマルチシートの使用方法。 Before the weed grows, the multi-sheet according to claim 1 or 2 is laid at the base of the fruit tree, and the growth of the weed is substantially suppressed on the ground portion covered with the multi-sheet. How to use multi-sheet. 7月から8月の夏期において、地表から10cmの深さの土壌最高温度が概マルチシートを敷設することにより、非敷設時より3℃以上低くなるように、マルチシートを敷設することを特徴とする請求項3記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 In the summer from July to August, the multi-sheet is laid so that the maximum soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm from the ground surface is approximately 3 ° C lower than when not laid by laying the multi-sheet. The method of using a multi-sheet according to claim 3. マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表から約30cmまでの深さの土壌貫入抵抗が低下することを特徴とする請求項3又は4いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 5. The method of using a multi-sheet according to claim 3, wherein by laying the multi-sheet, the resistance to soil penetration at a depth of about 30 cm from the ground surface is lower than when not laying. マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表から5−10cmの深さの気相率が上昇することを特徴とする請求項3〜5いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 The method of using a multi-sheet according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the multi-sheet increases the gas phase rate at a depth of 5 to 10 cm from the ground surface than when the multi-sheet is not laid. マルチシートを敷設することにより非敷設時よりも、地表周辺の水分コントロールができ土壌水分の変化が緩慢になることを特徴とする請求項3〜6いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 The method of using a multi-sheet according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein by laying the multi-sheet, the moisture around the surface of the earth can be controlled as compared with the non-laying state, and the change in soil moisture becomes slow. マルチシートと土壌の間の少なくとも一部に、植物性繊維及び/又はアクリル系繊維を含む親水性の繊維集合体を敷設することを特徴とする請求項3〜7いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 The multi-sheet according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein a hydrophilic fiber assembly containing plant fibers and / or acrylic fibers is laid on at least a part between the multi-sheet and soil. how to use. マルチシートの一部に結果として切り込みが入ったマルチシートを使用することを特徴とする請求項3〜8いずれかに記載のマルチシートの使用方法。 The method of using a multi-sheet according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein a multi-sheet having a notch as a result is used as a part of the multi-sheet.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010259338A (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-18 Taniguchi Sangyo Kk Stump-treating sheet and method for treating stump therewith

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010259338A (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-18 Taniguchi Sangyo Kk Stump-treating sheet and method for treating stump therewith

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