JP2006180077A - Antenna assembly - Google Patents

Antenna assembly Download PDF

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JP2006180077A
JP2006180077A JP2004369551A JP2004369551A JP2006180077A JP 2006180077 A JP2006180077 A JP 2006180077A JP 2004369551 A JP2004369551 A JP 2004369551A JP 2004369551 A JP2004369551 A JP 2004369551A JP 2006180077 A JP2006180077 A JP 2006180077A
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linear conductor
ground plane
conductor
switch
finite ground
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JP4092330B2 (en
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Makoto Higaki
垣 誠 桧
Kisho Odate
舘 紀 章 大
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna assembly in which an actual switch is used in order to switch a resonance frequency and a radiation pattern, in addition, and a power loss is smaller than before. <P>SOLUTION: The antenna assembly 100 includes a limited ground plate 10 which is made of a conductor; a first linear conductor 21 in which one end is connected to a power supply point 40 on the limited ground plate, and by which the other end is electrically opened to the limited ground plate; a second linear conductor 22 in which one end is connected to the vicinity of the supply point of the first linear conductor or to the power supply point, and which has about twice the length (λ/2) as long as the first linear conductor; and a switch 30 formed between the other end of the second linear conductor and the limited ground plate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明はアンテナ装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an antenna device.

特許文献１に記載されたアンテナ装置では、有限地板に設置されたアンテナの一部がスイッチを介して有限地板に接続されている。スイッチが理想的な無損失のスイッチである場合には、特許文献１に記載された装置は、共振周波数を変更することができる。   In the antenna device described in Patent Document 1, a part of an antenna installed on a finite ground plane is connected to the finite ground plane via a switch. When the switch is an ideal lossless switch, the device described in Patent Literature 1 can change the resonance frequency.

しかし、実際には、無損失のスイッチというものは存在せず、スイッチはオフ状態であっても或る抵抗成分を有する。従って、実際のアンテナ装置にスイッチを用いた場合、電力損失が発生する。特許文献１に記載された装置は、スイッチによって共振周波数を切り替えることができるが、実際のスイッチでは、大きな損失が発生するために効率が劣化してしまう。   However, in practice, there is no lossless switch, and the switch has a certain resistance component even in the off state. Therefore, when a switch is used for an actual antenna device, power loss occurs. The device described in Patent Document 1 can switch the resonance frequency by a switch. However, in an actual switch, since a large loss occurs, the efficiency deteriorates.

一方、電流の流れが小さい位置にスイッチを配備すると、電力損失を低下させることはできる。しかし、アンテナの電流分布が変化しないために共振周波数を切り替えることができなくなってしまう。
特開２００１−１３６０１９号公報 On the other hand, if a switch is provided at a position where the current flow is small, power loss can be reduced. However, since the antenna current distribution does not change, the resonance frequency cannot be switched.
JP 2001-136019 A

そこで、共振周波数または放射パターンを切替えるために実際のスイッチを用い、尚且つ、電力損失が従来よりも小さいアンテナ装置を提供する。   Therefore, an antenna device is provided that uses an actual switch to switch the resonance frequency or the radiation pattern and has a smaller power loss than the conventional one.

本発明に係る実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置は、導体からなる有限地板と、前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に開放された第１の線状導体と、一端が前記第１の線状導体のうちの前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体の２倍の長さを有する第２の線状導体と、前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられたスイッチとを備えている。   An antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a finite ground plane made of a conductor, a feeding point provided on the finite ground plane, one end connected to the feeding point, and the other end to the finite ground plane. The first linear conductor that is electrically opened and one end of the first linear conductor in the vicinity of the feeding point or connected to the feeding point of the first linear conductor and twice the first linear conductor And a switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane.

本発明に係る他の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置は、導体からなる有限地板と、前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に短絡された第１の線状導体と、一端が前記第１の線状導体のうち前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体と同程度の長さを有する第２の線状導体と、前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられた第１のスイッチとを備えている。   An antenna device according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a finite ground plane made of a conductor, a feeding point provided on the finite ground plane, one end connected to the feeding point, and the other end to the finite ground plane. The first linear conductor that is electrically short-circuited to the first linear conductor, and one end of the first linear conductor is connected to the vicinity of the feeding point or to the feeding point of the first linear conductor, and is the same as the first linear conductor. A second linear conductor having a certain length, and a first switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane.

本発明に係るさらに他の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置は、導体からなる有限地板と、前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に開放された第１の線状導体と、一端が前記第１の線状導体のうちの前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体を含む平面において該第１の線状導体を取り囲むように成形されている第２の線状導体と、前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられたスイッチとを備えている。   An antenna device according to still another embodiment of the present invention includes a finite ground plane made of a conductor, a feeding point provided on the finite ground plane, one end connected to the feeding point, and the other end connected to the finite ground plane. A first linear conductor that is electrically open to the first end, and one end of the first linear conductor that is connected to or near the feeding point of the first linear conductor. A second linear conductor formed so as to surround the first linear conductor in a plane including: a switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane; It has.

本発明に係るさらに他の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置は、導体からなる有限地板と、前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に短絡された第１の線状導体と、一端が前記第１の線状導体のうち前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体を含む平面において該第１の線状導体を取り囲むように成形されている第２の線状導体と、前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられた第１のスイッチとを備えている。   An antenna device according to still another embodiment of the present invention includes a finite ground plane made of a conductor, a feeding point provided on the finite ground plane, one end connected to the feeding point, and the other end connected to the finite ground plane. A first linear conductor that is electrically short-circuited with respect to the first linear conductor, and one end of the first linear conductor that is connected to or near the feeding point of the first linear conductor. A second linear conductor formed so as to surround the first linear conductor in a plane including the first linear conductor, and a first linear conductor provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane. And a switch.

本発明によるアンテナ装置は、共振周波数および放射パターンを切替えるために実際のスイッチを用い、尚且つ、電力損失を従来よりも小さくすることができる。   The antenna device according to the present invention uses an actual switch to switch the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern, and can further reduce the power loss as compared with the prior art.

以下、図面を参照して本発明に係る実施形態を説明する。本実施形態は、本発明を限定するものではない。   Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This embodiment does not limit the present invention.

（第１の実施形態）
図１は、本発明に係る第１の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置１００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。アンテナ装置１００は、有限地板１０と、第１の線状導体２１と、第２の線状導体２２と、スイッチ３０とを備えている。第１の線状導体２１は、一端が有限地板１０上の給電点４０に接続され、他端が有限地板１０に対して電気的に開放されている。第２の線状導体２２の一端は、給電点４０の近傍にある第１の線状導体２１のノードＮに接続されている。この第２の線状導体２２の一端は、給電点４０に直接接続されていてもよい。第２の線状導体２２は、第１の線状導体２１の約２倍の長さを有する。第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２がアンテナとして機能する。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of an antenna device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device 100 includes a finite ground plane 10, a first linear conductor 21, a second linear conductor 22, and a switch 30. One end of the first linear conductor 21 is connected to the feeding point 40 on the finite ground plane 10, and the other end is electrically open to the finite ground plane 10. One end of the second linear conductor 22 is connected to the node N of the first linear conductor 21 in the vicinity of the feeding point 40. One end of the second linear conductor 22 may be directly connected to the feeding point 40. The second linear conductor 22 has a length approximately twice that of the first linear conductor 21. The first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 function as an antenna.

スイッチ３０は、第２の線状導体２２の他端と有限地板１０との間に設けられている。スイッチ３０は、オンすることによって第２の線状導体２２の他端を有限地板１０に電気的に短絡させ、また、オフすることによって第２の線状導体２２の他端を有限地板１０から電気的に開放する。   The switch 30 is provided between the other end of the second linear conductor 22 and the finite ground plane 10. When the switch 30 is turned on, the other end of the second linear conductor 22 is electrically short-circuited to the finite ground plane 10, and when the switch 30 is turned off, the other end of the second linear conductor 22 is disconnected from the finite ground plane 10. Open electrically.

理想的なスイッチ３０を用いた場合、スイッチ３０がオフ状態であるときの第２の線状導体２２の長さＬoffは、スイッチ３０がオン状態であるときの第２の線状導体２２の長さＬonと幾分異なる。即ち、長さＬoffは、ノードＮからスイッチ３０までの第２の線状導体２２の長さとなり、長さＬonは、ノードＮからスイッチ３０を介して有限地板１０までの第２の線状導体２２の長さとなる。しかし、実際のスイッチ３０は、オフ状態であっても或る抵抗成分を有する。よって、実際のスイッチ３０を用いた場合、長さＬoffは長さＬonと等しくなる。この長さは、ノードＮからスイッチ３０を介して有限地板１０までの第２の線状導体２２の長さとなる。   When the ideal switch 30 is used, the length Loff of the second linear conductor 22 when the switch 30 is in the OFF state is the length of the second linear conductor 22 when the switch 30 is in the ON state. Slightly different from Lon. That is, the length Loff is the length of the second linear conductor 22 from the node N to the switch 30, and the length Lon is the second linear conductor from the node N to the finite ground plane 10 via the switch 30. The length is 22. However, the actual switch 30 has a certain resistance component even in the off state. Therefore, when the actual switch 30 is used, the length Loff is equal to the length Lon. This length is the length of the second linear conductor 22 from the node N through the switch 30 to the finite ground plane 10.

有限地板１０は導体の平板である。スイッチ３０は、ＰＩＮダイオード、ＭＥＳＦＥＴ等を用いた高周波スイッチである。スイッチ３０は、理想的には高周波信号の遮断／通過を切り替え、電力損失の無いスイッチである。しかし、実際には、スイッチ３０は、電力損失を生じる抵抗成分を有する。   The finite ground plane 10 is a conductor flat plate. The switch 30 is a high frequency switch using a PIN diode, MESFET, or the like. The switch 30 is ideally a switch that switches between blocking / passing of a high-frequency signal and has no power loss. However, in practice, the switch 30 has a resistance component that causes power loss.

次に、アンテナ装置１００の動作について説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 100 will be described.

［スイッチ３０の開放時］
電気影像の影響により、第１の線状導体２１には、第１の線状導体２１の長さを約１／４波長とする周波数ｆの信号が共振する。即ち、周波数ｆの信号の波長をλとすると、第１の線状導体２１の長さは、約λ／４となる。このとき、給電点４０からみた第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスは低く、大きな電流が第１の線状導体２１へ流れる。 [When switch 30 is open]
Due to the influence of the electric image, the first linear conductor 21 resonates with a signal having a frequency f with the length of the first linear conductor 21 being about ¼ wavelength. That is, if the wavelength of the signal of frequency f is λ, the length of the first linear conductor 21 is about λ / 4. At this time, the impedance of the first linear conductor 21 as viewed from the feeding point 40 is low, and a large current flows to the first linear conductor 21.

一方、第２の線状導体２２の長さは、第１の線状導体２１の約２倍の長さ、即ち、約λ／２となる。スイッチ３０が開放されているので、第２の線状導体２２の両端は、周波数ｆの信号に対して高周波的に開放状態となる。これにより、給電点４０からみた第２の線状導体２２のインピーダンスは第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスよりも非常に大きくなる。さらに、第２の線状導体２２は、給電点４０の近傍または給電点４０において第１の線状導体２１から分岐している。従って、給電点４０からの電流の大半は、第１の線状導体２１へ流れ、第２の線状導体２２には流れない。   On the other hand, the length of the second linear conductor 22 is approximately twice as long as the first linear conductor 21, that is, approximately λ / 2. Since the switch 30 is open, both ends of the second linear conductor 22 are open at a high frequency with respect to the signal of the frequency f. As a result, the impedance of the second linear conductor 22 as viewed from the feeding point 40 is much larger than the impedance of the first linear conductor 21. Further, the second linear conductor 22 branches off from the first linear conductor 21 in the vicinity of the feeding point 40 or at the feeding point 40. Therefore, most of the current from the feeding point 40 flows to the first linear conductor 21 and does not flow to the second linear conductor 22.

実際のスイッチ３０は或る程度の電力損失を有する。よって、スイッチ３０が開放状態（オフ状態）であるとき、スイッチ３０は高抵抗素子として作用する。しかし、第２の線状導体２２は、λ／２の長さを有し、尚且つ、第１の線状導体２１の給電点近傍あるいは給電点４０に直接接続されている。これにより、第２の線状導体２２にとって、給電点４０は電流の節に該当する。その結果、スイッチ３０が第２の線状導体２２を有限地板１０から完全に開放していない場合であっても、電流は、ほとんど第２の線状導体２２へ流れない。その結果、スイッチ３０を流れる電流は非常に小さくなるので、スイッチ３０での電力損失が小さく、アンテナ装置１００の効率の劣化が抑制される。   The actual switch 30 has some power loss. Therefore, when the switch 30 is in the open state (off state), the switch 30 acts as a high resistance element. However, the second linear conductor 22 has a length of λ / 2 and is directly connected to the vicinity of the feeding point of the first linear conductor 21 or to the feeding point 40. Thus, the feeding point 40 corresponds to a current node for the second linear conductor 22. As a result, even if the switch 30 does not completely open the second linear conductor 22 from the finite ground plane 10, almost no current flows to the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the current flowing through the switch 30 becomes very small, so that the power loss in the switch 30 is small and the deterioration of the efficiency of the antenna device 100 is suppressed.

［スイッチ３０の短絡時］
スイッチ３０が短絡状態（オン状態）である場合には、第２の線状導体２２の終端が有限地板１０へ接続される。これにより、電流は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の両方に流れる。その結果、周波数λの信号は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の両方において共振するので、電波の放射パターンが変化する。 [When switch 30 is short-circuited]
When the switch 30 is in a short circuit state (ON state), the terminal end of the second linear conductor 22 is connected to the finite ground plane 10. As a result, current flows through both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the signal with the frequency λ resonates in both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22, and the radio wave radiation pattern changes.

例えば、第１の線状導体２１はモノポールアンテナである。スイッチ３０が開放されていたときには、周波数λの信号は、モノポールアンテナである第１の線状導体２１のみに共振するので、電波は無指向性（Omnidirectional）となる。一方で、スイッチ３０が短絡されたときには、周波数λの信号は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の両方に共振する。これにより、第１の線状導体２１からの電波と第２の線状導体２２からの電波とが干渉し、電波は指向性（Directional）を有し得る。このように、本実施形態は、電力損失が小さく、スイッチ３０の切換えによって、電波の放射パターンを変更することができる。   For example, the first linear conductor 21 is a monopole antenna. When the switch 30 is open, the signal with the frequency λ resonates only with the first linear conductor 21 which is a monopole antenna, so that the radio wave becomes omnidirectional. On the other hand, when the switch 30 is short-circuited, the signal having the frequency λ resonates with both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22. Thereby, the radio wave from the first linear conductor 21 interferes with the radio wave from the second linear conductor 22, and the radio wave may have directivity. As described above, according to this embodiment, the power loss is small, and the radio wave radiation pattern can be changed by switching the switch 30.

（第２の実施形態）
図２は、本発明に係る第２の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置２００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。第１の線状導体２１は、給電点４０に接続された一端とは反対側の他端が有限地板１０に対して電気的に短絡されている。第１の線状導体２１の長さは、周波数ｆの電波に共振するようにλ／２に等しい。即ち、第１の線状導体２１の長さは、第２の線状導体２２の長さと同じくλ／２である。第２の実施形態の他の構成は、第１の実施形態と同様でよい。第２の線状導体２２は、図２に示すように方形の形状を有する。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of the antenna device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The first linear conductor 21 is electrically short-circuited to the finite ground plane 10 at the other end opposite to one end connected to the feeding point 40. The length of the first linear conductor 21 is equal to λ / 2 so as to resonate with the radio wave having the frequency f. That is, the length of the first linear conductor 21 is λ / 2, which is the same as the length of the second linear conductor 22. Other configurations of the second embodiment may be the same as those of the first embodiment. The second linear conductor 22 has a rectangular shape as shown in FIG.

次に、アンテナ装置２００の動作を説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 200 will be described.

［スイッチ３０の開放時］
第１の線状導体２１には、周波数ｆの電波が共振する。このとき、給電点４０からみた第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスは低く、大きな電流が第１の線状導体２１へ流れる。 [When switch 30 is open]
A radio wave having a frequency f resonates in the first linear conductor 21. At this time, the impedance of the first linear conductor 21 as viewed from the feeding point 40 is low, and a large current flows to the first linear conductor 21.

一方、スイッチ３０が開放されているので、λ／２の長さを有する第２の線状導体２２の両端は、周波数ｆの信号に対して高周波的に開放状態となる。これにより、第１の実施形態で説明したように、給電点４０からみた第２の線状導体２２のインピーダンスは、第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスに比べて非常に大きくなる。従って、給電点４０からの電流のほとんどは、第１の線状導体２１に流れ、第２の線状導体２２には流れない。その結果、スイッチ３０での電力損失が小さくなり、アンテナ装置１００の効率の劣化が抑制される。   On the other hand, since the switch 30 is opened, both ends of the second linear conductor 22 having a length of λ / 2 are opened at a high frequency with respect to the signal of the frequency f. As a result, as described in the first embodiment, the impedance of the second linear conductor 22 viewed from the feeding point 40 is very large compared to the impedance of the first linear conductor 21. Therefore, most of the current from the feeding point 40 flows through the first linear conductor 21 and does not flow through the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the power loss in the switch 30 is reduced, and the deterioration of the efficiency of the antenna device 100 is suppressed.

［スイッチ３０の短絡時］
スイッチ３０が短絡すると、第２の線状導体２２の他端が有限地板１０へ接続される。これにより、電流は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の両方に流れる。その結果、周波数λの信号は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の両方において共振するので、電波の放射パターンが変化する。その結果、第２の実施形態は、第１の実施形態と同様の効果を有する。 [When switch 30 is short-circuited]
When the switch 30 is short-circuited, the other end of the second linear conductor 22 is connected to the finite ground plane 10. As a result, current flows through both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the signal with the frequency λ resonates in both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22, and the radio wave radiation pattern changes. As a result, the second embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment.

また、第２の実施形態では、第１および第２の線状導体２１および２２の他端はともに有限地板１０に短絡されている。よって、第１および第２の線状導体２１および２２が有限地板１０からほぼ同じの高さで実装される場合には、共振周波数ｆの電波の入力インピーダンスは、第１の線状導体２１と第２の線状導体２２とについてほぼ同じになる。よって、第２の実施形態は、２つの線状導体２１および２２のインピーダンスを整合させやすいという利点を有する。   In the second embodiment, the other ends of the first and second linear conductors 21 and 22 are both short-circuited to the finite ground plane 10. Therefore, when the first and second linear conductors 21 and 22 are mounted at substantially the same height from the finite ground plane 10, the input impedance of the radio wave having the resonance frequency f is the same as that of the first linear conductor 21. The second linear conductor 22 is almost the same. Therefore, the second embodiment has an advantage that the impedances of the two linear conductors 21 and 22 can be easily matched.

（第３の実施形態）
図３は、本発明に係る第３の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置３００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。第２の線状導体２２は、第１の線状導体２１が延伸する平面において第１の線状導体２１を取り囲むように成形されている。第３の実施形態の他の構成は、第１の実施形態と同様でよい。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna portion of the antenna device 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The second linear conductor 22 is formed so as to surround the first linear conductor 21 in a plane in which the first linear conductor 21 extends. Other configurations of the third embodiment may be the same as those of the first embodiment.

第２の線状導体２２は、第１の導体部分Ｃ１、第２の導体部分Ｃ２、第３の導体部分Ｃ３、および、第４の導体部分Ｃ４からなる方形の形状をした線状導体である。第１の導体部分Ｃ１は、第１の線状導体２１または給電点４０から離れる方向へ延伸する。第２の導体部分Ｃ２は、第１の導体部分Ｃ１の先端から、有限地板１０から離れる方向へ第１の線状導体２１に対して平行に延伸する。第３の導体部分Ｃ３は、第２の導体部分Ｃ２の先端から、第１の線状導体２１の上を亘って第１の導体部分Ｃ１に対して平行に延伸する。第４の導体部分は、第３の導体部分Ｃ３の先端から、有限地板１０に向かう方向へ第１の線状導体Ｃ１に対して平行に延伸し、スイッチ３０を介して有限地板１０に接続されている。   The second linear conductor 22 is a linear conductor having a rectangular shape including the first conductor portion C1, the second conductor portion C2, the third conductor portion C3, and the fourth conductor portion C4. . The first conductor portion C1 extends in a direction away from the first linear conductor 21 or the feeding point 40. The second conductor portion C2 extends in parallel to the first linear conductor 21 in the direction away from the finite ground plane 10 from the tip of the first conductor portion C1. The third conductor portion C3 extends from the tip of the second conductor portion C2 over the first linear conductor 21 in parallel to the first conductor portion C1. The fourth conductor portion extends from the tip of the third conductor portion C3 in a direction toward the finite ground plane 10 in parallel to the first linear conductor C1, and is connected to the finite ground plane 10 via the switch 30. ing.

第１の線状導体２１から第２の導体部分Ｃ２までの距離および第１の線状導体２１から第４の導体部分Ｃ４までの距離は、λ／１０〜λ／１００の範囲である。よって、実際には、第１の導体部分Ｃ１および第３の導体部分Ｃ３は、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４に比較して非常に短く、第２の線状導体２２の長さは、第１の線状導体２１の長さの２倍に近い。ここで、第２の線状導体２２の長さは、λ／２から僅かにずれたλ’／２（λ’＝λ±Δλ）とする。波長λ’の電波の周波数ｆ’は、ｆ’＝ｆ±Δｆである。波長λの電波の周波数はｆである。例えば、ΔλおよびΔｆは、それぞれλおよびｆの２０％以下である。   The distance from the first linear conductor 21 to the second conductor portion C2 and the distance from the first linear conductor 21 to the fourth conductor portion C4 are in the range of λ / 10 to λ / 100. Therefore, in practice, the first conductor portion C1 and the third conductor portion C3 are very short compared to the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4, and the second linear conductor 22 The length is close to twice the length of the first linear conductor 21. Here, the length of the second linear conductor 22 is assumed to be λ ′ / 2 (λ ′ = λ ± Δλ) slightly shifted from λ / 2. The frequency f ′ of the radio wave having the wavelength λ ′ is f ′ = f ± Δf. The frequency of the radio wave having the wavelength λ is f. For example, Δλ and Δf are 20% or less of λ and f, respectively.

次に、アンテナ装置３００の動作を説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 300 will be described.

［スイッチ３０の開放時］
スイッチ３０の開放時には、第１の線状導体２１の長さをλ／４とする周波数ｆの信号が共振する。このとき、給電点４０からみた第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスは低く、大きな電流が第１の線状導体２１へ流れる。 [When switch 30 is open]
When the switch 30 is opened, a signal having a frequency f with which the length of the first linear conductor 21 is λ / 4 resonates. At this time, the impedance of the first linear conductor 21 as viewed from the feeding point 40 is low, and a large current flows to the first linear conductor 21.

一方、第２の線状導体２２の長さλ’／２は第１の線状導体２１の長さの２倍（λ／２）に近いが、λ／２から多少ずれている。この場合、第２の線状導体２２は、高周波的には完全に開放状態にならないため、電流は、第２の線状導体２２内を給電点４０からスイッチ３０へ流れようとする。この電流を電流Ｉ１とする。   On the other hand, the length λ ′ / 2 of the second linear conductor 22 is close to twice the length of the first linear conductor 21 (λ / 2), but is slightly deviated from λ / 2. In this case, since the second linear conductor 22 is not completely open at high frequencies, current tends to flow from the feeding point 40 to the switch 30 in the second linear conductor 22. This current is defined as current I1.

しかし、第２の線状導体２２の大半を占める第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４が、第１の線状導体２１の近傍を平行に延びている。これにより、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４は、インダクタンスのように作用し、第１の線状導体２１に流れる電流と反対方向へ電流を流そうとする。即ち、第１の線状導体２１内では、電流Ｉ０は有限地板１０から離れる方向へ流れるので、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４内では、電流は限地板１０に向かう方向へ流れようとする。この電流をＩ２とする。   However, the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4 occupying most of the second linear conductor 22 extend in the vicinity of the first linear conductor 21 in parallel. As a result, the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4 act like an inductance, and try to flow a current in a direction opposite to the current flowing through the first linear conductor 21. That is, in the first linear conductor 21, the current I0 flows in a direction away from the finite ground plane 10, so in the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4, the current flows in the direction toward the ground plane 10. Try to flow. This current is I2.

電流Ｉ１およびＩ２は、第４の導体部分Ｃ４内で互いに逆方向に流れようとする。これにより、第２の線状導体２２の長さがλ／２から多少ずれたλ’／２であったとしても、第２の線状導体２２にはほとんど電流が流れない。その結果、スイッチ３０の低電力損失は保たれ、アンテナ装置３００の高効率が維持され得る。   The currents I1 and I2 tend to flow in opposite directions within the fourth conductor portion C4. As a result, even if the length of the second linear conductor 22 is λ ′ / 2 slightly deviated from λ / 2, almost no current flows through the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the low power loss of the switch 30 is maintained, and the high efficiency of the antenna device 300 can be maintained.

［スイッチ３０の短絡時］
スイッチ３０が短絡すると、周波数ｆの電波は第１の線状導体２１に共振し、周波数ｆ’の電波は第２の線状導体２２に共振する。即ち、アンテナ装置３００は、周波数ｆの電波および周波数ｆ’の電波の両方を高効率で送受信することができる。 [When switch 30 is short-circuited]
When the switch 30 is short-circuited, the radio wave with the frequency f resonates with the first linear conductor 21, and the radio wave with the frequency f ′ resonates with the second linear conductor 22. That is, the antenna device 300 can transmit and receive both radio waves having the frequency f and radio waves having the frequency f ′ with high efficiency.

また、Δｆは、２０％以下と僅かであるため、周波数ｆの電波が第１の線状導体２１に共振しているとき、電流は、第２の線状導体２２にも多く流れる。従って、スイッチ３０が開放状態のときと比較して、電流分布が変化する。その結果、スイッチ３０の切換えによって、周波数ｆの電波の放射パターンが変化する。   Further, since Δf is as small as 20% or less, a large amount of current also flows through the second linear conductor 22 when the radio wave having the frequency f resonates with the first linear conductor 21. Therefore, the current distribution changes compared to when the switch 30 is in the open state. As a result, the radiation pattern of the radio wave having the frequency f changes as the switch 30 is switched.

このように、第３の実施形態は、スイッチ３０の切換えによって、共振周波数および放射パターンを同時に切り替えることができる。また、第２の線状導体２２の長さがλ／２からずれているものの、スイッチ３０の開放時には、上述のとおり、第２の線状導体２２に流れる電流は抑制されるので、電力損失が小さい。即ち、第３の実施形態は、高効率で共振周波数および放射パターンを同時に切り替えることができる。   Thus, in the third embodiment, the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern can be switched simultaneously by switching the switch 30. Further, although the length of the second linear conductor 22 is deviated from λ / 2, when the switch 30 is opened, the current flowing through the second linear conductor 22 is suppressed as described above. Is small. That is, the third embodiment can simultaneously switch the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern with high efficiency.

また、第３の実施形態の構成は、第１の実施形態の構成に比べ、第２の線状導体２２の長さの変化に対するスイッチ３０の電力損失の増加率が小さい。従って、第３の実施形態では、第２の線状導体２２の長さがλ／２から多少ずれていたとしても、電力損失を比較的小さくすることができる。   Further, the configuration of the third embodiment has a smaller increase rate of the power loss of the switch 30 with respect to the change in the length of the second linear conductor 22 than the configuration of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the third embodiment, even if the length of the second linear conductor 22 is slightly deviated from λ / 2, the power loss can be made relatively small.

（第４の実施形態）
図４は、本発明に係る第４の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置４００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。第４の実施形態による第１の線状導体２１は、第２の実施形態のそれと同様の構成を有する。第４の実施形態による第２の線状導体２２は、第３の実施形態のそれと同様の構成を有する。 (Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of an antenna device 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The first linear conductor 21 according to the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment. The second linear conductor 22 according to the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the third embodiment.

よって、第１の線状導体２１の先端は、有限地板１０に短絡している。第２の線状導体２２は、第１の線状導体２１が延伸する平面において第１の線状導体２１を取り囲むように成形されている。また、第２の線状導体２２は、第３の実施形態と同様に、第１の導体部分Ｃ１から第４の導体部分Ｃ４を含む。第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、ともに方形の形状を有する。   Therefore, the tip of the first linear conductor 21 is short-circuited to the finite ground plane 10. The second linear conductor 22 is formed so as to surround the first linear conductor 21 in a plane in which the first linear conductor 21 extends. Moreover, the 2nd linear conductor 22 contains the 1st conductor part C1 to the 4th conductor part C4 similarly to 3rd Embodiment. Both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 have a rectangular shape.

第１の導体部分Ｃ１は、第１の線状導体２１または給電点４０から離れる方向へ延伸する。第２の導体部分Ｃ２、第３の導体部分Ｃ３および第４の導体部分は、第１の線状導体２１からλ／１０〜λ／１００の距離を保持しつつ、第１の線状導体２１と平行に延伸している。   The first conductor portion C1 extends in a direction away from the first linear conductor 21 or the feeding point 40. The second conductor portion C2, the third conductor portion C3, and the fourth conductor portion maintain the distance of λ / 10 to λ / 100 from the first linear conductor 21 while maintaining the first linear conductor 21. It extends in parallel with.

第３の実施形態と同様に、実際には、第１の導体部分Ｃ１および第３の導体部分Ｃ３は、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４に比較して非常に短い。よって、第２の線状導体２２の長さは、第１の線状導体２１の長さの２倍に近いが、多少ずれている。そこで、第２の線状導体２２の長さを、λ／２から僅かにずれたλ’／２（λ’＝λ±Δλ）とする。   Similar to the third embodiment, in practice, the first conductor portion C1 and the third conductor portion C3 are very short compared to the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4. Therefore, the length of the second linear conductor 22 is close to twice the length of the first linear conductor 21, but is slightly shifted. Therefore, the length of the second linear conductor 22 is set to λ ′ / 2 (λ ′ = λ ± Δλ) slightly shifted from λ / 2.

次に、アンテナ装置４００の動作を説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 400 will be described.

［スイッチ３０の開放時］
スイッチ３０の開放時には、第１の線状導体２１の長さをλ／２とする周波数ｆの信号が共振する。このとき、給電点４０からみた第１の線状導体２１のインピーダンスは低く、大きな電流Ｉ０が第１の線状導体２１内を有限地板１０から離れる方向へ流れる。 [When switch 30 is open]
When the switch 30 is opened, a signal having a frequency f with which the length of the first linear conductor 21 is λ / 2 resonates. At this time, the impedance of the first linear conductor 21 as viewed from the feeding point 40 is low, and a large current I0 flows in the first linear conductor 21 in a direction away from the finite ground plane 10.

一方、第２の線状導体２２の長さλ’／２は第１の線状導体２１の長さλ／２から多少ずれている。従って、第３の実施形態と同様に、電流Ｉ１が、第２の線状導体２２内を給電点４０からスイッチ３０へ流れようとする。   On the other hand, the length λ ′ / 2 of the second linear conductor 22 is slightly deviated from the length λ / 2 of the first linear conductor 21. Therefore, as in the third embodiment, the current I1 tends to flow from the feeding point 40 to the switch 30 in the second linear conductor 22.

しかし、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４のインダクタンス成分により、第３の実施形態と同様に、第２の導体部分Ｃ２および第４の導体部分Ｃ４内では、電流Ｉ２は限地板１０に向かう方向へ流れようとする。   However, due to the inductance components of the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4, the current I2 is limited to the ground plane in the second conductor portion C2 and the fourth conductor portion C4 as in the third embodiment. It tries to flow in the direction toward 10.

第２の導体部分Ｃ２では、電流Ｉ１およびＩ２は互いに逆方向に流れようとするので、第２の線状導体２２の長さがλ／２から多少ずれたλ’／２であったとしても、第２の線状導体２２にはほとんど電流が流れない。その結果、スイッチ３０の低電力損失は保たれ、アンテナ装置４００の高効率が維持され得る。   In the second conductor portion C2, the currents I1 and I2 tend to flow in opposite directions to each other. Therefore, even if the length of the second linear conductor 22 is λ ′ / 2 slightly deviated from λ / 2. Almost no current flows through the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the low power loss of the switch 30 is maintained, and the high efficiency of the antenna device 400 can be maintained.

［スイッチ３０の短絡時］
スイッチ３０が短絡すると、周波数ｆの電波は第１の線状導体２１に共振し、周波数ｆ’の電波は第２の線状導体２２に共振する。即ち、アンテナ装置３００は、周波数ｆの電波および周波数ｆ’の電波の両方を高効率で送受信することができる。 [When switch 30 is short-circuited]
When the switch 30 is short-circuited, the radio wave with the frequency f resonates with the first linear conductor 21, and the radio wave with the frequency f ′ resonates with the second linear conductor 22. That is, the antenna device 300 can transmit and receive both radio waves having the frequency f and radio waves having the frequency f ′ with high efficiency.

また、Δｆは、２０％以下と僅かであるため、周波数ｆの電波が第１の線状導体２１に共振しているとき、電流は、第２の線状導体２２にも多く流れる。従って、スイッチ３０が開放状態のときと比較して、電流分布が変化する。その結果、スイッチ３０の切換えによって、周波数ｆの電波の放射パターンが変化する。   Further, since Δf is as small as 20% or less, a large amount of current also flows through the second linear conductor 22 when the radio wave having the frequency f resonates with the first linear conductor 21. Therefore, the current distribution changes compared to when the switch 30 is in the open state. As a result, the radiation pattern of the radio wave having the frequency f changes as the switch 30 is switched.

このように、第４の実施形態は、第３の実施形態と同様に、高効率で共振周波数および放射パターンを同時に切り替えることができる。さらに、第４の実施形態は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２のインピーダンスを整合させやすいという第２の実施形態と同様の効果を有する。   As described above, in the fourth embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment, the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern can be simultaneously switched with high efficiency. Furthermore, the fourth embodiment has an effect similar to that of the second embodiment in which the impedances of the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 are easily matched.

（第５の実施形態）
図５は、本発明に係る第５の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置５００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。アンテナ装置５００は、第１の実施形態における第２の線状導体２２と同様に成形された第３の線状導体２３をさらに備えている。アンテナ装置５００は、さらに、第３の線状導体２３と有限地板１０との間に設けられた第２のスイッチ３３をさらに備えている。第５の実施形態の他の構成は、第１の実施形態と同様でよい。 (Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of an antenna device 500 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device 500 further includes a third linear conductor 23 formed in the same manner as the second linear conductor 22 in the first embodiment. The antenna device 500 further includes a second switch 33 provided between the third linear conductor 23 and the finite ground plane 10. Other configurations of the fifth embodiment may be the same as those of the first embodiment.

第３の線状導体２３の一端は、給電点４０近傍における第１の線状導体２１に接続されている。第３の線状導体２３の一端は、給電点４０に直接接続されていてもよい。第３の線状導体２３の長さは、第２の線状導体２２の長さとほぼ同じであり、第１の線状導体２１の約２倍の長さを有する。第２のスイッチ３３は、第１のスイッチ３０と同じ構成でよい。   One end of the third linear conductor 23 is connected to the first linear conductor 21 in the vicinity of the feeding point 40. One end of the third linear conductor 23 may be directly connected to the feeding point 40. The length of the third linear conductor 23 is substantially the same as the length of the second linear conductor 22, and is about twice as long as the first linear conductor 21. The second switch 33 may have the same configuration as the first switch 30.

次に、アンテナ装置５００の動作について説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 500 will be described.

［スイッチ３０、３３の開放時］
スイッチ３０、３３の開放時には、アンテナ装置５００は、アンテナ装置１００と同様に動作する。このとき、第２の線状導体２２および第３の線状導体２３の長さは、ともに約λ／２であるので、第２の線状導体２２および第３の線状導体２３は、ともに周波数ｆの信号に対して高周波的に開放状態となる。従って、給電点４０からの電流の大半は、第１の線状導体２１へ流れ、第２の線状導体２２には流れない。その結果、スイッチ３０を流れる電流は非常に小さくなるので、スイッチ３０での電力損失が小さく、アンテナ装置１００の効率の劣化が抑制される。 [When switches 30 and 33 are open]
When the switches 30 and 33 are opened, the antenna device 500 operates in the same manner as the antenna device 100. At this time, since the lengths of the second linear conductor 22 and the third linear conductor 23 are both about λ / 2, the second linear conductor 22 and the third linear conductor 23 are both It becomes an open state with respect to the signal of frequency f in high frequency. Therefore, most of the current from the feeding point 40 flows to the first linear conductor 21 and does not flow to the second linear conductor 22. As a result, the current flowing through the switch 30 becomes very small, so that the power loss in the switch 30 is small and the deterioration of the efficiency of the antenna device 100 is suppressed.

［スイッチ３０が短絡、スイッチ３３が開放］
このとき、アンテナ装置５００は、第１の実施形態におけるスイッチ３０の短絡時と同様に動作をする。よって、このときの動作の説明は省略する。 [Switch 30 is short-circuited and switch 33 is open]
At this time, the antenna device 500 operates in the same manner as when the switch 30 is short-circuited in the first embodiment. Therefore, description of the operation at this time is omitted.

［スイッチ３０および３３の短絡時］
スイッチ３０および３３がともに短絡すると、周波数λの信号は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２だけでなく、第３の線状導体２３においても共振する。これにより、電波の放射パターンがさらに変化する。 [When switches 30 and 33 are short-circuited]
When both the switches 30 and 33 are short-circuited, the signal having the frequency λ resonates not only in the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 but also in the third linear conductor 23. This further changes the radio wave radiation pattern.

このように、第５の実施形態では、スイッチ３０および３３の切換えによって、電波の放射パターンを２段階で変更することができる。即ち、アンテナ装置５００は、３つの放射パターンを有することができる。   Thus, in the fifth embodiment, the radio wave radiation pattern can be changed in two stages by switching the switches 30 and 33. That is, the antenna device 500 can have three radiation patterns.

第５の実施形態では、第３の線状導体２３およびスイッチ３３を１つずつ追加した。しかし、このような線状導体およびスイッチをさらに多数追加してもよい。これにより、電波の放射パターンを多段階で変更することができる。
また、第２実施形態において、第３の線状導体２３およびスイッチ３３を１つずつ、あるいは、複数ずつ同様に追加してもよい。 In the fifth embodiment, the third linear conductor 23 and the switch 33 are added one by one. However, a larger number of such linear conductors and switches may be added. Thereby, the radiation pattern of a radio wave can be changed in multiple stages.
Further, in the second embodiment, the third linear conductors 23 and the switches 33 may be added in the same manner one by one or plural by one.

（第６の実施形態）
図６は、本発明に係る第６の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置６００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図である。第６の実施形態における第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、第４の実施形態における第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２と同様の構成をそれぞれ有する。しかし、第６の実施形態における第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、給電点４０およびスイッチ３０の近傍から折り曲げられ、有限地板１０に対してほぼ平行に延伸している点で第４の実施形態におけるそれらと異なる。 (Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of an antenna device 600 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 in the sixth embodiment have the same configurations as the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 in the fourth embodiment, respectively. Have. However, the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 in the sixth embodiment are bent from the vicinity of the feeding point 40 and the switch 30 and extend substantially parallel to the finite ground plane 10. This is different from those in the fourth embodiment.

第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２のうち有限地板１０に対してほぼ平行に延伸している部分は、互いに同一平面内に配置されている。第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、ともに細長い長方形状である。第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、有限地板１０のコーナー近傍に設けられている。給電点４０および有限地板１０の短絡点４１、４２は互いに近接している。   Parts of the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 that extend substantially parallel to the finite ground plane 10 are arranged in the same plane. Both the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 have an elongated rectangular shape. The first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 are provided near the corner of the finite ground plane 10. The feeding point 40 and the short-circuit points 41 and 42 of the finite ground plane 10 are close to each other.

有限地板１０は、例えば、携帯電話の基板のように２：１の縦横比を有する導体である。第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、有限地板１０の短辺に沿って、有限地板１０に対して低姿勢に配置されている。第６の実施形態の他の構成は、第４の実施形態と同様である。   The finite ground plane 10 is a conductor having an aspect ratio of 2: 1, such as a mobile phone substrate. The first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 are arranged in a low posture with respect to the finite ground plane 10 along the short side of the finite ground plane 10. Other configurations of the sixth embodiment are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.

第６の実施形態は、第４の実施形態と同様に、スイッチ３０の切替えにより、共振周波数および放射パターンを切り替えることができるという効果を有する。   Similar to the fourth embodiment, the sixth embodiment has an effect that the resonance frequency and the radiation pattern can be switched by switching the switch 30.

一般に、アンテナを図４に示すように折返構造、例えば、メアンダ型にすると、共振周波数における入力インピーダンスが高くなる。また、有限地板に対するアンテナの高さを低くすると、共振周波数における入力インピーダンスが低くなる。   In general, when the antenna has a folded structure as shown in FIG. 4, for example, a meander type, the input impedance at the resonance frequency increases. Further, when the height of the antenna with respect to the finite ground plane is lowered, the input impedance at the resonance frequency is lowered.

本実施形態では、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、給電点４０から延び、地点Dで折り返したのちに、給電点４０近傍の短絡点４１、４２に戻る構造を有する。このように、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は折返構造を有するので、共振周波数における入力インピーダンスは高く（例えば、１４０オーム）なる。しかし、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２は、有限地板１０に対して低姿勢であるので、共振周波数における入力インピーダンスを（例えば、５０オーム）に低下させることができる。   In the present embodiment, the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 have a structure that extends from the feeding point 40 and returns to the short-circuit points 41 and 42 in the vicinity of the feeding point 40 after turning back at the point D. Have. Thus, since the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 have a folded structure, the input impedance at the resonance frequency is high (for example, 140 ohms). However, since the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 are in a low posture with respect to the finite ground plane 10, the input impedance at the resonance frequency can be reduced to (for example, 50 ohms).

さらに、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２を有限地板１０に対して低姿勢にし、かつ、近接して平行させることによって、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２、即ち、アンテナが占有する面積および体積を小さくすることができる。その結果、アンテナ装置（例えば、携帯電話）を小型化することができる。   Furthermore, the 1st linear conductor 21 and the 2nd linear conductor 22 are made into the low attitude | position with respect to the finite ground plane 10, and are made to adjoin and parallel, and thereby the 1st linear conductor 21 and the 2nd line The area and volume occupied by the conductor 22, that is, the antenna can be reduced. As a result, the antenna device (for example, a mobile phone) can be reduced in size.

図７は、電波の周波数に対するアンテナ装置６００の効率を示したグラフである。この効率とは、電力透過係数に放射効率を乗じた値である。電力透過係数は、アンテナ装置本体から給電点４０に供給する電力のうち、給電点４０を透過して第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２へ供給された電力の比率である。また、放射効率は、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２へ供給された電力のうち、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２から放射された電波の電力の比率である。   FIG. 7 is a graph showing the efficiency of the antenna device 600 with respect to the frequency of radio waves. This efficiency is a value obtained by multiplying the power transmission coefficient by the radiation efficiency. The power transmission coefficient is a ratio of power supplied to the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 through the feeding point 40 out of the power supplied from the antenna device body to the feeding point 40. . Also, the radiation efficiency is the power of the radio waves radiated from the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 out of the power supplied to the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22. It is the ratio of electric power.

スイッチ３０としてＭＥＳＦＥＴ(Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)を用いている。スイッチ３０は、短絡時の抵抗が１オームであり、開放時の抵抗が１キロオームとする。スイッチ３０の短絡時のグラフは、実線で示されている。スイッチ３０の開放時のグラフは、破線で示されている。このグラフから分かるように、７５０ＭＨｚ、８３０ＭＨｚおよび８８５ＭＨｚにおいて０．８以上の高効率が得られている。   As the switch 30, a MESFET (Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) is used. The switch 30 has a resistance of 1 ohm when short-circuited and a resistance of 1 kiloohm when opened. The graph when the switch 30 is short-circuited is indicated by a solid line. The graph when the switch 30 is opened is indicated by a broken line. As can be seen from this graph, high efficiency of 0.8 or more is obtained at 750 MHz, 830 MHz, and 885 MHz.

８第１から第６の実施形態では、理解を容易にするため、便宜上、第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２がそれぞれ独立に動作し、それぞれの長さに基づく周波数の信号が共振するとした。しかし、給電点４０を含まない電流経路でも共振が発生する。８５ＭＨｚにおいて効率が高いのは、このためである。   In the first to sixth embodiments, for the sake of easy understanding, for the sake of convenience, the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 operate independently of each other, and the frequency based on the respective lengths. Suppose the signal resonates. However, resonance also occurs in a current path that does not include the feeding point 40. This is why the efficiency is high at 85 MHz.

例えば、図１に示した第１実施形態では、第１の線状導体２１の先端からノードＮ、第２の線状導体２２およびスイッチ３０を介して有限地板１０までの長さを１／４波長とする周波数の信号が共振する。同様に、第２から第６の実施形態においても給電点を含まない経路に対応する共振周波数が存在する。   For example, in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the length from the tip of the first linear conductor 21 to the finite ground plane 10 via the node N, the second linear conductor 22 and the switch 30 is ¼. A signal having a frequency as a wavelength resonates. Similarly, in the second to sixth embodiments, there is a resonance frequency corresponding to a path that does not include a feeding point.

図８（Ａ）および図８（Ｂ）は、効率の高かった周波数における第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の電流分布を示すグラフである。図８（Ａ）は、スイッチ３０が短絡状態で、周波数が７５０ＭＨｚであるときの電流分布を示す。図８（Ｂ）は、スイッチ３０が開放状態で、周波数が８３０ＭＨｚであるときの電流分布を示す。横軸は、図６に示す第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２上の地点Ａ（給電点４０）、地点Ｂ（短絡点４２）、地点Ｃ（短絡点４１）および地点Ｄを示す。   FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are graphs showing the current distribution of the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 at a frequency with high efficiency. FIG. 8A shows a current distribution when the switch 30 is in a short circuit state and the frequency is 750 MHz. FIG. 8B shows a current distribution when the switch 30 is in an open state and the frequency is 830 MHz. The horizontal axis represents point A (feed point 40), point B (short-circuit point 42), point C (short-circuit point 41) and point on the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22 shown in FIG. D is shown.

スイッチ３０の短絡時には、図８（Ａ）に示すように、電流は、第１の線状導体２１よりも第２の線状導体２２に多く流れている。一方、スイッチ３０の開放時には、図８（Ｂ）に示すように、電流は、第２の線状導体２２よりも第１の線状導体２１に多く流れている。   When the switch 30 is short-circuited, as shown in FIG. 8A, more current flows through the second linear conductor 22 than through the first linear conductor 21. On the other hand, when the switch 30 is opened, more current flows through the first linear conductor 21 than through the second linear conductor 22, as shown in FIG. 8B.

このように、電流の多く流れる線状導体は、スイッチ３０の状態（共振周波数）によって切り替わる。従来、特に損失が大きかったスイッチ３０の開放時に、第２の線状導体２２上の地点Ｂ（スイッチ３０近傍）における電流が小さい。これは、スイッチ３０の開放時の効率が改善していることを意味する。   Thus, the linear conductor through which a large amount of current flows is switched depending on the state of the switch 30 (resonance frequency). Conventionally, the current at the point B (near the switch 30) on the second linear conductor 22 is small when the switch 30 having been particularly lossy is opened. This means that the efficiency when the switch 30 is opened is improved.

図９は、図６の破線枠Ｅの部分の具体例を示す構成図である。有限地板１０のうち１１がメタル領域であり、１２が樹脂領域である。第２の線状導体２２は、地点Ｂおよびキャパシタ８０ａを介してスイッチ素子３０の端子の１つに接続されている。スイッチ素子３０の他の端子の１つは、キャパシタ８０ｂを介して有限地板１０に接続されている。スイッチ素子３０の他の端子の２つはそれぞれインダクタ７０を介して直流電源に接続されている。   FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing a specific example of a portion of a broken line frame E in FIG. Of the finite ground plane 10, 11 is a metal region, and 12 is a resin region. The second linear conductor 22 is connected to one of the terminals of the switch element 30 via the point B and the capacitor 80a. One of the other terminals of the switch element 30 is connected to the finite ground plane 10 via the capacitor 80b. Two other terminals of the switch element 30 are each connected to a DC power source via an inductor 70.

キャパシタ８０ａおよび８０ｂは、所望の高周波信号を透過し、直流信号を阻止する電気容量を有する。インダクタ７０は、直流信号を透過し、所望の高周波信号を阻止する誘導係数を有する。スイッチ素子３０は、ＭＥＳＦＥＴ (MEtal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) のＳＰＳＴ (Single Pole Single Throw) 型スイッチである。スイッチ素子３０は、キャパシタ８０ａおよび有限地板１０に接続する２つの端子間を高周波的に短絡／開放することができる。スイッチ素子３０の切替えは、直流電源により印加される電圧値によって実行される。   Capacitors 80a and 80b have a capacitance that transmits a desired high-frequency signal and blocks a DC signal. The inductor 70 has an inductive coefficient that transmits a DC signal and blocks a desired high-frequency signal. The switch element 30 is an SPST (Single Pole Single Throw) type switch of MESFET (MEtal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor). The switch element 30 can short-circuit / open between two terminals connected to the capacitor 80a and the finite ground plane 10 in a high frequency manner. Switching of the switch element 30 is executed by a voltage value applied by a DC power source.

図９では、スイッチ３０の一例としてＭＥＳＦＥＴのＳＰＳＴ型スイッチを用いた。しかし、これに限定されるものではなく、スイッチ３０は、ＳＰＤＴ型スイッチ等の他の方式のスイッチであってもよい。また、スイッチ３０は、ＰＩＮダイオード、バリキャップダイオードまたはＭＥＭＳ等の他のスイッチでもよい。   In FIG. 9, a SPST type switch of MESFET is used as an example of the switch 30. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the switch 30 may be another type of switch such as an SPDT type switch. The switch 30 may be another switch such as a PIN diode, a varicap diode, or MEMS.

図９では、給電点４０に用いられる給電線の一例として同軸線路４５を示している。しかし、この給電線は、マイクロストリップライン、ストリップライン、スロットラインあるいはコプレーナ線路であってもよい。   In FIG. 9, a coaxial line 45 is shown as an example of a feed line used for the feed point 40. However, the feeder line may be a microstrip line, a strip line, a slot line, or a coplanar line.

第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２からなるアンテナと、スイッチ３０を備えた基板と、給電点４０に用いられる給電線は、それぞれ独立に製造し、その後、これらを組み合わせることができる。これにより、アンテナ装置の製造が容易になる。さらに、アンテナ、スイッチ３０および給電点４０は有限地板１０上にコンパクトに設けることができる。   The antenna including the first linear conductor 21 and the second linear conductor 22, the substrate provided with the switch 30, and the feeder used for the feeding point 40 are manufactured independently, and then these are combined. Can do. Thereby, manufacture of an antenna device becomes easy. Furthermore, the antenna, the switch 30 and the feeding point 40 can be provided on the finite ground plane 10 in a compact manner.

なお、本発明は上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより、種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態にわたる構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

本発明に係る第１の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置１００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna portion of an antenna device 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明に係る第２の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置２００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。The schematic perspective view of the antenna part of the antenna device 200 according to 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る第３の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置３００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。The schematic perspective view of the antenna part of the antenna device 300 according to 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る第４の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置４００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。The schematic perspective view of the antenna part of the antenna device 400 according to 4th Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る第５の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置５００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。The schematic perspective view of the antenna part of the antenna apparatus 500 according to 5th Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る第６の実施形態に従ったアンテナ装置６００のアンテナ部分の概略的な斜視図。The schematic perspective view of the antenna part of the antenna apparatus 600 according to 6th Embodiment which concerns on this invention. 電波の周波数に対するアンテナ装置６００の効率を示したグラフ。The graph which showed the efficiency of the antenna apparatus 600 with respect to the frequency of an electromagnetic wave. 効率の高かった周波数における第１の線状導体２１および第２の線状導体２２の電流分布を示すグラフ。The graph which shows the electric current distribution of the 1st linear conductor 21 and the 2nd linear conductor 22 in the frequency with high efficiency. 図６の破線枠Ｅの部分の具体例を示す構成図。The block diagram which shows the specific example of the part of the broken-line frame E of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１００ アンテナ装置
１０ 有限地板
２１ 第１の線状導体
２２ 第２の線状導体
３０ スイッチ
４０ 給電点 100 antenna device 10 finite ground plane 21 first linear conductor 22 second linear conductor 30 switch 40 feeding point

Claims (12)

導体からなる有限地板と、
前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、
一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に開放された第１の線状導体と、
一端が前記第１の線状導体のうちの前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体の２倍の長さを有する第２の線状導体と、
前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられたスイッチとを備えたアンテナ装置。 A finite ground plane composed of conductors;
A feeding point provided on the finite ground plane;
A first linear conductor having one end connected to the feeding point and the other end electrically open to the finite ground plane;
A second linear conductor having one end connected to or near the feeding point of the first linear conductor and having a length twice that of the first linear conductor;
An antenna device comprising: a switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane. 導体からなる有限地板と、
前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、
一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に短絡された第１の線状導体と、
一端が前記第１の線状導体のうち前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体と同程度の長さを有する第２の線状導体と、
前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられた第１のスイッチとを備えたアンテナ装置。 A finite ground plane made of conductors,
A feeding point provided on the finite ground plane;
A first linear conductor having one end connected to the feeding point and the other end electrically short-circuited to the finite ground plane;
One end of the first linear conductor in the vicinity of the feeding point, or a second linear conductor connected to the feeding point and having the same length as the first linear conductor;
An antenna device comprising: a first switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane. 前記スイッチがオフ状態であるとき、前記第２の線状導体の他端は前記有限地板から開放され、前記第１の線状導体の長さを１／４波長とする電波に関して、該第２の線状導体のインピーダンスは前記第１の線状導体のインピーダンスよりも大きく、
前記スイッチがオン状態であるとき、前記第２の線状導体の他端は前記有限地板に短絡され、前記電波に関して、該第２の線状導体のインピーダンスは前記第１の線状導体のインピーダンス以下であることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のアンテナ装置。 When the switch is in an OFF state, the other end of the second linear conductor is released from the finite ground plane, and the second linear conductor has a length of ¼ wavelength. The impedance of the linear conductor is greater than the impedance of the first linear conductor,
When the switch is in the ON state, the other end of the second linear conductor is short-circuited to the finite ground plane, and the impedance of the second linear conductor is the impedance of the first linear conductor with respect to the radio wave. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 前記スイッチがオフ状態であるとき、前記第２の線状導体の他端は前記有限地板から開放され、前記給電点からの電流は、前記第２の線状導体へ流れず、前記第１の線状導体へ流れ、
前記スイッチがオン状態であるとき、前記第２の線状導体の他端は前記有限地板に短絡され、前記給電点からの電流は、前記第１の線状導体および前記第２の線状導体の両方へ流れることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のアンテナ装置。 When the switch is in the OFF state, the other end of the second linear conductor is released from the finite ground plane, and the current from the feeding point does not flow to the second linear conductor, and the first linear conductor Flows to the linear conductor,
When the switch is in the ON state, the other end of the second linear conductor is short-circuited to the finite ground plane, and the current from the feeding point is the first linear conductor and the second linear conductor. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna device flows to both of the antenna devices. 一端が前記第１の線状導体のうち給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体の約２倍の長さを有する第３の線状導体と、
前記第３の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられた第２のスイッチとを備えたことを特徴とする請求項２に記載のアンテナ装置。 A third linear conductor, one end of which is connected to or near the feeding point of the first linear conductor and has a length approximately twice that of the first linear conductor;
The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a second switch provided between the other end of the third linear conductor and the finite ground plane. 前記第１の線状導体および前記第２の線状導体は、前記給電点および前記スイッチの近傍から折り曲げられ、前記有限地板に対して平行に延伸していることを特徴とする請求項２に記載のアンテナ装置。   3. The first linear conductor and the second linear conductor are bent from the vicinity of the feeding point and the switch, and extend parallel to the finite ground plane. The antenna device described. 導体からなる有限地板と、
前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、
一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に開放された第１の線状導体と、
一端が前記第１の線状導体のうちの前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体を含む平面において該第１の線状導体を取り囲むように成形されている第２の線状導体と、
前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられたスイッチとを備えたアンテナ装置。 A finite ground plane made of conductors,
A feeding point provided on the finite ground plane;
A first linear conductor having one end connected to the feeding point and the other end electrically open to the finite ground plane;
One end of the first linear conductor is formed near the feeding point or connected to the feeding point and surrounding the first linear conductor in a plane including the first linear conductor. A second linear conductor,
An antenna device comprising: a switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane. 導体からなる有限地板と、
前記有限地板上に設けられた給電点と、
一端が前記給電点に接続され、他端が前記有限地板に対して電気的に短絡された第１の線状導体と、
一端が前記第１の線状導体のうち前記給電点近傍、あるいは、該給電点に接続され、前記第１の線状導体を含む平面において該第１の線状導体を取り囲むように成形されている第２の線状導体と、
前記第２の線状導体の他端と前記有限地板との間に設けられた第１のスイッチとを備えたアンテナ装置。 A finite ground plane made of conductors,
A feeding point provided on the finite ground plane;
A first linear conductor having one end connected to the feeding point and the other end electrically short-circuited to the finite ground plane;
One end of the first linear conductor is formed in the vicinity of the feeding point or connected to the feeding point and surrounding the first linear conductor in a plane including the first linear conductor. A second linear conductor,
An antenna device comprising: a first switch provided between the other end of the second linear conductor and the finite ground plane. 前記第１の線状導体は、前記有限地板から離れる方向へ延伸し、
前記第２の線状導体は、
前記第１の線状導体または前記給電点から前記有限地板に対して平行に延伸する第１の導体部分と、
前記第１の導体部分の先端から、前記有限地板から離れる方向へ前記第１の線状導体に対して平行に延伸する第２の導体部分と、
前記第２の導体部分の先端から、前記第１の線状導体の上を亘って前記第１の導体部分に対して平行に延伸する第３の導体部分と、
前記第３の導体部分の先端から、前記有限地板に向かう方向へ前記第１の線状導体に対して平行に延伸し、前記スイッチを介して前記有限地板に接続された第４の導体部分とを含むことを特徴とする請求項７または請求項８に記載のアンテナ装置。 The first linear conductor extends in a direction away from the finite ground plane,
The second linear conductor is:
A first conductor portion extending parallel to the finite ground plane from the first linear conductor or the feeding point;
A second conductor portion extending parallel to the first linear conductor in a direction away from the finite ground plane from the tip of the first conductor portion;
A third conductor portion extending from the tip of the second conductor portion over the first linear conductor in parallel to the first conductor portion;
A fourth conductor portion extending from the tip of the third conductor portion in parallel to the first linear conductor in a direction toward the finite ground plane and connected to the finite ground plane via the switch; The antenna device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by comprising: 前記第２の導体部分と前記第１の線状導体との距離は、前記第４の導体部分と前記第１の線状導体との距離と等しいことを特徴とする請求項９に記載のアンテナ装置。   The antenna according to claim 9, wherein a distance between the second conductor portion and the first linear conductor is equal to a distance between the fourth conductor portion and the first linear conductor. apparatus. 前記第１の線状導体の長さは、所定の周波数を有する信号の１／４波長に等しいことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアンテナ装置。   2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first linear conductor is equal to a quarter wavelength of a signal having a predetermined frequency. 前記第１の線状導体の長さは、所定の周波数を有する信号の１／２波長に等しいことを特徴とする請求項２に記載のアンテナ装置。   The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the length of the first linear conductor is equal to a half wavelength of a signal having a predetermined frequency.
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