JP2006171854A - Coordinate input device, coordinate input method, program, and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a coordinate input device capable of switching, in real time and without any special switching operation, between a first mode in which a first indicator is used having a detection function for detecting whether or not there is contact between a tip and an input screen and a second mode in which a second indicator without the detection function of the first indicator is used, the coordinate input device not reducing the accuracy of position input when switching between the modes. <P>SOLUTION: In the coordinate input device, a control unit 102 samples a pen switch signal from a pen equipped with a tip switch, detects changes in the operating state of the indicator according to changes in the distribution of light intensity detected and, based on the pen switch signal from the pen and on changes in the operating state of the indicator, selectively and automatically switches the coordinate input device between a pen mode in which the pen is used and a finger mode in which either a normal pen or the user's finger is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a coordinate input device, a coordinate input method, a program, and a storage medium used for writing characters, graphics, and the like.

  Conventionally, various types of coordinate input devices have been proposed or commercialized. Such a coordinate input device is widely used because it can easily operate a personal computer (PC) or the like.

  As an input method used for the coordinate input device, there are various methods such as a method using a resistance film, a method using ultrasonic waves, and a method using light. Here, in the coordinate input device of the input method using light, a light passing area forming a thin layer parallel to the input face is formed on the input face, and the indicator is shielded from the light in the passing area. By operating, a coordinate position is input. Examples of the pointing device include a pointing device with a tip switch having a switch at the tip and a function of notifying the operating state of the switch to the apparatus main body, and a normal pointing device having no function.

  In addition, there are coordinate input devices of a type that uses an indicator with a tip switch, a normal indicator that does not have the above function, or a coordinate input device that uses a user's finger.

Furthermore, it is possible to selectively switch between a first mode in which input is performed using an indicator with a tip switch and a second mode in which input is performed using a normal indicator that does not have the above function or a user's finger. There are various types of coordinate input devices. As such a coordinate input device, there is one that performs mode switching by a predetermined operation by a user on an application, for example. Also, there is one that sets the second mode as an initial state and switches to the first mode based on a signal from the switch when using an indicator with a tip switch (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .
JP 2003-99199 A

  In a coordinate input device of the type using an indicator with a tip switch, the tip switch of this indicator is turned on or off at the same time as the indicator is pressed against the input surface, and the pen switch information obtained thereby is Is notified to the apparatus body. In the apparatus main body, the pen-up state and the pen-down state are determined using the notified pen switch information. Also, in general, the tip switch is a switch that operates with a small stroke and a small operating load, so that a pen-down sensation (contact sensation between the tip and the input surface) can be obtained when the tip of the pointing tool contacts the input surface. The indicator can be used with a feeling close to that of an actual pen. However, it is necessary to use a dedicated indicator such as an indicator with a tip switch.

  In a coordinate input device that uses a normal pointing tool or a user's finger that does not have the above function, the pen-up state and the pen-down state are determined based on the degree of light shielding. Therefore, considering the accuracy of the device (such as the flatness of the input surface), it is difficult to set the threshold value for determining the degree of light shielding to a delicate level. It is difficult to obtain a feeling close to that of an actual pen as in a coordinate input device that uses a pointing tool. Therefore, such a coordinate input apparatus is inferior in function, but does not require a dedicated pointing tool, and can be input with a user's finger.

  In the coordinate input device in which the switching between the first and second modes is performed by a predetermined operation by the user on the application, this switching takes time and work is interrupted due to the switching. There is.

  In the coordinate input device that sets the second mode as the initial state and switches to the first mode based on the signal from the switch when the pointing device with the tip switch is used, the tip switch When using a pointing indicator, since the shading of this pointing tool is detected before the pen down of the pointing tool with a tip switch is detected, the coordinates based on the shading by the pointing tool with the tip switch are detected in the second mode. Input may be made. This means that a position different from the position indicated by the pointing tool with the tip switch is input, and when switching from the second mode to the first mode, the input of an accurate position may be impaired. There is.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a first mode using a first indicator having a detection function for detecting presence / absence of contact between a tip and an input surface without performing a special switching operation, and a first indicator A coordinate input device that can switch in real time to the second mode using the second indicator that does not have the detection function, and that does not impair the accuracy of position input at the time of mode switching, To provide a coordinate input method, a program, and a storage medium.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip and the input surface, wherein the first indicator For detection function First determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on the contact detection signal obtained in the above, the light intensity distribution or the light intensity Second determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a temporal change in distribution; and a first determination by the first determination means. And a switching unit that selectively switches between a first mode that employs the determination result and a second mode that employs the second determination result by the second determination unit, and the switching unit includes: In the first mode, it is determined whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and when the predetermined condition is satisfied, the first Coordinates for switching from the mode to the second mode To provide a force apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip and the input surface, wherein the first indicator For detection function First determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on the contact detection signal obtained in the above, the light intensity distribution or the light intensity Second determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a temporal change in distribution; and a first determination by the first determination means. And a switching unit that selectively switches between a first mode that employs the determination result and a second mode that employs the second determination result by the second determination unit, and the switching unit includes: It is determined whether a first switching condition or a second switching condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and when the first switching condition is satisfied, Switch from mode 1 to mode 2 When the second switching condition is satisfied, provide a coordinate input device which is characterized in that the switching from the second mode to the first mode.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A coordinate input method of a coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, First indicator is present A first determination step for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by the detection function, and the light intensity distribution or the A second determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a temporal change in the light intensity distribution; and the first determination step. And a switching step of selectively switching between a first mode that employs the first determination result and a second mode that employs the second determination result in the second determination step. In the process, it is determined whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result in the first mode, and when the predetermined condition is satisfied, Switching from the first mode to the second mode. Provides a coordinate input method according to.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A coordinate input method of a coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, First indicator is present Based on a contact detection signal obtained by the detection function, a first determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface, the light intensity distribution or the A second determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a temporal change in the light intensity distribution; and the first determination step. And a switching step of selectively switching between a first mode that employs the first determination result and a second mode that employs the second determination result in the second determination step. In the step, it is determined whether or not a first switching condition or a second switching condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and the first switching condition is satisfied. When switching from the first mode to the second mode. Performed instead, when the second switching condition is satisfied, provide a coordinate input method and performing switching from the second mode to the first mode.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A program executed on a coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. The first A first determination module for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the indicator; and the light intensity A second determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a distribution or a temporal change in the light intensity distribution; A switching module that selectively switches between a first mode that employs the first determination result by the determination module and a second mode that employs the second determination result by the second determination module; The switching module determines whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result in the first mode, and the predetermined condition is satisfied , The first module Providing a program and performs switching to the second mode from the de.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input section in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed, and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface. Detection means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area when operated while being inserted into the passage area, and a light shield shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution Specifying means for specifying the position of the part as an indication position on the input surface by the indicator, and the indicator has a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. A program executed on a coordinate input device capable of using the first indicator and the second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface. The first A first determination module for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the indicator; and the light intensity A second determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on a distribution or a temporal change in the light intensity distribution; A switching module that selectively switches between a first mode that employs the first determination result by the determination module and a second mode that employs the second determination result by the second determination module; The switching module determines whether or not a first switching condition or a second switching condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and the first switching condition is satisfied Do Switching from the first mode to the second mode, and switching from the second mode to the first mode when the second switching condition is satisfied. Provide a program to

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a storage medium characterized by storing any of the above programs in a computer-readable manner.

  According to the present invention, the first mode using the first indicator having the detection function of detecting the presence / absence of contact between the tip and the input surface without performing a special switching operation, and the first indicator Switching to the second mode using the second indicator that does not have this detection function can be performed in real time, and the accuracy of position input at the time of switching the mode is not impaired.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of the main part of the coordinate input device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state of retroreflection of the retroreflective member 103 of FIG. 1, and FIG. A part of light (light projected from the light projecting means of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R or retroreflected light) that passes in parallel with one input unit 104 is blocked by an indicator that indicates a desired position. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the coordinate input device includes coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R having a coordinate detecting light projecting unit and a coordinate detecting light receiving unit, a planar input unit 104, and a retroreflective member having a retroreflective surface. 103, a control unit 102, and a pen switch signal detection unit 110 for detecting a pen switch signal from a pen with a tip switch described later.

  The coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R are spaced apart from each other, and the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R are connected to a control unit 102 that performs control and calculation, receive control signals from the control unit 102, and receive detected signals. Transmit to the control unit 102. As shown in FIG. 2, the retroreflective member 103 is a retroreflective surface and directs the light incident from the coordinate detection light projecting means of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R toward the arrival direction, that is, the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R. reflect.

  The coordinate detection light receiving means of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R receives the retroreflected light. The coordinate detection light receiving means is constituted by a condensing optical system, a line CCD, and the like. The retroreflected light is detected one-dimensionally by the line CCD, and the light intensity distribution is sent to the control unit 102.

  The input unit 104 includes a display device such as a plasma display, a rear projector, and a liquid crystal display, and can be used as an interactive input device.

  In the present embodiment, the pen switch signal detection unit 110 is composed of light receiving means because the pen switch signal transmitted from the pen with tip switch is an optical signal such as infrared rays. On the other hand, if the pen switch signal is an electromagnetic wave, the pen switch signal detection unit 110 includes an antenna, a resonance circuit, and the like.

  In such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 3, a desired position on the input unit 104 using an indicator 200 such as a pen with a tip switch, a normal pen (no tip is provided with a switch), and a finger. (Contact instruction), a part of the light (light projected from the light projecting means of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R or retroreflected light) passing in parallel with the input unit 104 has a desired position. The light intensity is reduced only at that portion by being blocked by the pointing tool. As a result, a light intensity distribution in which only the input instruction position has a small light intensity is detected.

  The control unit 102 detects the light-shielding range of the input-instructed portion from the change in the light intensity distribution detected by the left and right coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, identifies the detection point within the same range, and determines each angle. Is calculated. Then, based on the calculated angle and the distance between the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, the coordinate value of the instructed position on the input unit 104 is calculated, and the coordinate value is converted to a PC via an interface such as a USB. Output to.

  In the present embodiment, a first mode for inputting coordinates using a pen with a tip switch (hereinafter referred to as a pen mode), a normal pen (no tip is provided with no switch), and instructions such as a finger It is possible to selectively switch between a second mode (hereinafter referred to as finger mode) in which coordinates are input using a tool, and this switching is based on a pen switch signal transmitted from a pen with a tip switch and a light shielding depth described later. This is performed based on a change in Sdpth (change in the operating state of the pointing tool). Details of this switching will be described later.

  Next, the configuration of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R will be described with reference to FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R include a coordinate detection light projecting unit and a coordinate detection light receiving unit, and the coordinate detection light projecting unit emits infrared light 131. And a light projecting lens 132 that projects light emitted from the infrared LED as a light beam restricted in the vertical direction within a horizontal angle range of π / 2 (rad). The coordinate detection light projecting means is positioned so that light from the light projecting lens 132 is projected mainly toward the retroreflective member 103. The light receiving means for coordinate detection includes a one-dimensional line CCD 141, lenses 142 and 143 as a condensing optical system, a stop 144 that restricts the incident direction of incident light, and red that prevents light in an unnecessary wavelength region such as visible light from entering. The outer filter 145 is configured. Here, instead of the line CCD 141, a line sensor having a CMOS structure may be used.

  The light from the coordinate detection light projecting means is reflected by the retroreflective member 103, and the retroreflected light passes through the infrared filter 145 and the stop 144. Then, light in the range of approximately π / 2 (rad) on the input surface is focused on the pixels depending on the incident angle of the line CCD 141 by the condensing lenses 142 and 143. Therefore, the light distribution for each angle is detected by the line CCD 141. That is, the pixel number represents angle information.

  Next, the retroreflective member 103 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5A is a view showing the reflection characteristics with respect to the incident angle of a tape-like retroreflective member configured flat, and FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing the shape of the retroreflective member 103 of FIG.

  In the case where a flat tape-shaped member is used as the retroreflective member, the retroreflective member has a reflection characteristic with respect to an incident angle as shown in FIG. In this case, when the amount of reflected light decreases when the angle from the retroreflective member exceeds π / 4 (rad), and when it is necessary to distinguish between the case where there is some shielding object and the case where there is no shielding object, as in this embodiment. The difference cannot be determined sufficiently.

  Here, the total light intensity is the illumination intensity on the light projecting side, the distance to the retroreflective member, the reflectance of the retroreflective member (incident angle, the width of the reflective member), and the illumination intensity of the imaging system (the cosine fourth power law). ). Therefore, if the total light intensity is insufficient, it is conceivable to increase the illumination intensity. However, in this case, the total light intensity distribution becomes uneven, and the light receiving means receives light when receiving a strong portion of light. CCD etc. may be saturated. Therefore, there is a limit to increasing the illumination intensity.

  As one of means for solving this, it is possible to increase the incident light intensity to the portion where the light intensity distribution is weak by making the reflection distribution of the retroreflective member as uniform as possible. Therefore, in order to make the angle direction uniform, in the present embodiment, the retroreflective member is attached by attaching a retroreflective tape to a member having a shape in which triangular prisms are arranged as shown in FIG. 103 is configured. The angle of the triangular prism may be determined from the reflection characteristics of the retroreflective tape, and the pitch is preferably set to be equal to or less than the detection resolution of the line CCD 141 of the light receiving means.

  Next, a pen with a tip switch used as an indicator will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a tip portion of a pen with a tip switch used as an indicator of the coordinate input device of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the pen with a tip switch used as the pointing tool 200 has a pen tip switch 201 provided at the tip. The pen tip switch 201 is a switch for detecting a touchdown of a pen with a tip switch, and is a switch that can be operated with a short stroke and a small force. Thereby, when operating a pen with a tip switch, it is possible to obtain a feeling close to that when writing characters on paper with an ink pen. When the pen tip switch 201 is turned on by being pressed against the input unit 104 or the like, the plurality of LEDs 203 transmit pen switch signals using infrared rays as a medium. In order for this pen switch signal to reach the pen switch signal detection unit 110, it is necessary to irradiate infrared rays uniformly from the pen with the tip switch in all directions substantially parallel to the input unit 104. It is arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction at the tip of the pen with switch. In the present embodiment, six LEDs 203 are arranged in the circumferential direction.

  Next, the pen switch signal detection unit 110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 is a plan view showing the configuration of the pen switch signal detection unit 110 in FIG. 1, FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pen switch signal processing circuit 112 in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a pen transmitted from a pen with a tip switch. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of a switch signal.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the pen switch signal detection unit 110 includes a plurality of photodiodes 111 each having a predetermined angle range, and a pen switch signal processing circuit 112. The photodiode 111 converts the received pen switch signal into an electrical signal, and this electrical signal is input to the pen switch signal processing circuit 112. As shown in FIG. 8, the pen switch signal processing circuit 112 includes an amplifier 112a that amplifies the signal input from the photodiode 111, a 500 KHz band-pass filter 112b that receives the output of the amplifier 112a, and a band-pass filter 112b. A rectifier circuit 112c that rectifies the output, a smoothing circuit 112d that smoothes the output of the rectifier circuit 112c, and a binarization circuit 112e that binarizes the output of the smoothing circuit 112d. The signal binarized by the binarization circuit 112 e is time-series data obtained by restoring the transmitted pen switch signal, and this data is sent to the control unit 102.

  Here, the pen switch signal transmitted from the pen with the tip switch is, for example, a burst signal modulated at 500 KHz as shown in FIG. 9, and is an 8-bit time series signal. In this pen switch signal, the first bit is a start bit and the eighth bit is a stop bit, both of which are always “1”. The second, third, and fourth bits are D1, D2, and D3, and the fifth, sixth, and seventh bits are / D1, / D2, and / D3, which are their inverted signals, and D1, D2, and D3 are Only when the inverted signals / D1, / D2, and / D3 are in a correct relationship, they are taken in as true values.

  On the other hand, the LED 132 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R emits light for blocking infrared light, so it is necessary to consider the interference between these and the pen switch signal. Therefore, in order to avoid this interference, a timing sequence is configured such that the light emission timing of the LED 132 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R or the light reception timing of the line CCD 141 does not overlap with the pen switch signal. The coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R are operated so as to be synchronized with the reception timing.

  Next, the control unit 102 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control unit 102 of FIG.

  Between the control unit 102 and the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, a control signal of the line CCD 141, a clock signal for CCD, an output signal of the line CCD 141, and a drive signal of the LED 131 are exchanged. As shown in FIG. 10, the control unit 102 includes a CPU 183 that executes corresponding control and processing according to a control program stored in the ROM 189, a RAM 186 that provides a work area for the CPU 183, A / D converters 181L and 181R, , A memory 182, LED drive circuits 185L and 185R for the LEDs 131 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, and a clock generation circuit 187.

  The CPU 183 performs shutter timing of the line CCD 141 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, data output control, and the like. Specifically, a control signal for the line CCD 141 is sent from the CPU 183 to the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, and a clock for the line CCD 141 is sent from the clock generation circuit 187 to the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R under the control of the CPU 183. The This clock is also input to the CPU 183 in order to synchronize with the operation of the line CCD 141 and the like. In addition, the CPU 183 sends a drive signal of the LED 131 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R to the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R via the LED drive circuits 185L and 185R.

  The output signals of the line CCD 141 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R are converted into digital data by the AD converters 181L and 181R of the control unit, respectively, and the converted digital data is stored in the memory 182 via the CPU 183. Based on the digital data, the CPU 183 captures the light shielding waveform, and further calculates the light shielding depth and coordinates. Then, the CPU 183 transmits the coordinate value of the designated position obtained by the coordinate calculation to the PC via the interface 188 such as USB.

  The pen switch signal restored by the pen switch signal detection unit 110 is taken into the CPU 183, and the CPU 183 performs the state determination of the pointing tool and further the mode determination based on the pen switch signal.

  Next, a sequence for reading the light intensity distribution data from the line CCD 141 by causing the LED 131 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R to emit light will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a sequence for reading the light intensity distribution data from the line CCD 141 by causing the LED 131 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R to emit light.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the CPU 183 gives the CCD clear, which is the start pulse of the timing sequence, to the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R every predetermined cycle, and the exposure period pulses CCD_L and CCD_R and the exposure period of the line CCD 141 based on this. Are applied to the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R.

  During the exposure period defined by the exposure period pulses CCD_L and CCD_R, the electrical signals of the line CCDs 141 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R obtained by exposure are simultaneously transferred to the CPU 183 or the memory 182 as light intensity distribution data. . Thereafter, the CPU 183 detects the light shielding position in the light intensity distribution data based on the light intensity distribution data, determines the state of the pointing tool, and calculates the coordinates of the position designated by the pointing tool (XY). (Calculate position on coordinates). Then, the CPU 183 performs mode determination and transmits the obtained coordinate value to the PC.

  Next, the procedure for detecting the light blocking position from the light intensity distribution will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 shows an example of the light intensity distribution obtained from the output of the line CCD 141, FIG. 13 shows another example of the light intensity distribution obtained from the output of the line CCD 141, and FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i] obtained using the equation of FIG. 15, FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a state of a light-shielding portion of the light intensity distribution, and FIG. FIG.

  As the light intensity distribution obtained from the signals read from the line CCDs 141 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, when there is no light shielding by the pointing tool, that is, when there is no input by the pointing tool, an output as shown in FIG. It is done. Of course, this distribution is based on the directivity on the light projecting side such as the LED 131 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, the characteristics of the retroreflective member 103, the directivity on the light receiving side such as the line CCD 141, the reflection on the screen surface of the input unit 104, the screen It is determined variously depending on the deformation of the surface and the change with time (dirt of the reflecting surface, etc.).

  On the other hand, when the light is blocked by an indicator such as a pen with a tip switch, a normal pen (no tip is provided with a switch), a finger or the like in accordance with an input instruction, an output as shown in FIG. An intensity distribution is obtained. In this output example, the portion C corresponds to the portion where the light is blocked, and the light intensity there is smaller than the other portions. This light shielding position is obtained from a change in the light intensity distribution with and without light shielding. Specifically, a state where there is no input (no light shielding) as shown in FIG. 12 is stored in advance as an initial state, and whether there is a change as shown in FIG. 13 in each sample sequence is detected by the difference from the initial state. Then, the portion determined to have changed from the detected difference is obtained as the light shielding position. Then, predetermined conversion processing is performed on the data corresponding to the light shielding position, and the incident angle of the light incident on the line CCD 141 is obtained.

  Here, for the sake of explanation, the number of effective pixels of the line CCD 141 of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R is N, and the physical quantity distributed along with the pixel number is expressed as a matrix of elements i (i = 1 to N) as follows. It shall be expressed.

Blind_Data [i]: Dark noise distribution obtained by the line CDD 141 when the light projecting means does not illuminate
Ref_Data_abs [i]: Light intensity distribution obtained by the line CCD 141 when the light projecting means illuminates and there is no light shielding (no input by an indicator or a finger)
CCD_Data_abs [i]: Light intensity distribution obtained by the line CCD 141 when the light projecting means illuminates and is shielded (with an indicator or finger input) Next, the effective retroreflective areas of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R The processing for the data will be described. In addition, although the process with respect to the data of the effective retroreflection area | region by one coordinate sensor unit is demonstrated here, the same process is performed also with respect to the other data.

  Here, a value obtained by subtracting Blind_Data [i] from Ref_Data_abs [i] and CCD_Data_abs [i] is defined as follows.

Ref_Data [i] = Ref_Data_abs [i] −Blind_Data [i] (1)
CCD_Data [i] = CCD_Data_abs [i] −Blind_Data [i] (2)
Further, the relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i] is defined as a ratio of CCD_Data [i] to Ref_Data [i] as follows.

Norm_Data [i] = CCD_Data [i] / Ref_Data [i] (3)
When the power is turned on, the output of the line CCD 141 is first AD-converted without illumination from the light projecting means without input, and this is stored in the memory 182 as Blind_Data [i]. This is data for evaluating variations in sensitivity of the line CCD 141, for example, data near the level B in FIGS. 12 and 13 (broken line).

  Next, the light amount distribution in a state where illumination is performed by the light projecting unit is stored in the memory 182 as Ref_Data_abs [N]. This is, for example, data represented by a solid line in FIG. Here, Ref_Data [i] is calculated using the above equation (1) in order to correct the sensitivity unevenness and variation of the line CCD 141.

  This completes the basic initialization and starts the normal sampling loop. In normal sampling, first, CCD_Data_abs [i] is measured. Next, CCD_Data [i] is calculated by the above equation (2) in order to correct the sensitivity unevenness and variation of the line CCD 141. Then, the relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i] as a physical quantity that purely expresses the light shielding state is calculated using the above equation (3) (see FIG. 14).

  As described above, by always subtracting the intensity distribution in the absence of illumination from the absolute intensity distribution, it is possible to avoid the influence of sensitivity unevenness and variation of the line CCD 141, and the intensity distribution in the absence of light shielding is always obtained. As a reference, by calculating the intensity distribution when there is light shielding using a predetermined formula, it is possible to obtain an appropriate light shielding state without being affected by fluctuations in the brightness distribution on the projector side and fluctuations in the optical system such as the reflecting member. Norm_Data [i], which is a physical quantity expressing the light intensity distribution, that is, the light shielding state, can be obtained.

  Then, based on Norm_Data [i] obtained in this way, the light shielding amount (area S_elc of the shaded portion in FIG. 15) and the light shielding position (pixel number) Np are obtained. Further, a light shielding depth Sdpth described later is obtained based on the light shielding amount S_elc.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the pixel numbers of the rising and falling portions are obtained from the relationship between the threshold value Vth_posi and the relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i], and the pixel at the center position of both is obtained. The pixel corresponding to the number is set as the input pixel, and the angle is obtained. In the example of FIG. 16, a pixel between the (Nr−1) th and Nrth pixels is a rising pixel corresponding to the threshold value Vth_posi, and the pixel number is a virtual pixel number in the following equation (4). Desired. Further, the pixel between the (Nf−1) th pixel and the Nfth pixel becomes a falling portion pixel corresponding to the threshold value Vth_posi, and the pixel number is a virtual pixel number in the following equation (5). Desired. As will be described later, the pixel numbers obtained by the above formulas (4) and (5) are numbers including decimal numbers, in order to avoid the minimum resolution from becoming the pixel interval (integer).

Here, the level of the Nrth pixel is Lr, and the level of the (Nr-1) th pixel is Lr-1. Further, the level of the Nf-th pixel is Lf, the level of the Nf-1st pixel is Lf-1, the virtual pixel number of the pixel corresponding to the rising portion is Nrv, and the virtual pixel number of the pixel corresponding to the falling portion is Assuming Nfv, the virtual pixel numbers Nrv and Nfv are
Nrv = (Nr-1) + (Vthr-Lr-1) / (Lr-Lr-1) (4)
Nfv = (Nf-1) + (Vthr-Lf-1) / (Lf-Lf-1) (5)
It is expressed.

  Then, the virtual pixel number Npv of the virtual center pixel between the pixel with the virtual pixel number Nrv and the pixel with the virtual pixel number Nfv is obtained by the following equation (6).

Npv = Nrv + (Nfv−Nrv) / 2 (6)
Here, the virtual pixel number Npv represents a pixel position corresponding to the light shielding position obtained from the waveform. In this way, by calculating the virtual pixel number from the pixel number and its level, it is possible to detect the light shielding position with high resolution.

  Instead of this, for example, the virtual center pixel may be obtained simply using the following equation (7). Here, the virtual pixel number Np of the virtual center pixel is used.

Np = Nr + (Nf-Nr) / 2 (7)
In this case, unlike the case of the above formula (6), the minimum resolution is the pixel interval (integer). That is, the value is quantized with the pixel pitch.

  Next, in order to calculate an actual coordinate value from the virtual pixel number Npv, conversion to angle information is necessary. In actual coordinate calculation described later, it is more convenient to obtain a tangent value in angle. Here, a table reference or a conversion formula is used for conversion from the virtual pixel number Npv to tanθ. For example, predetermined data is obtained by actual measurement, an approximate expression is created for this data, and the pixel number is converted to tan θ using the approximate expression. For example, a high-order polynomial can be used for the approximate expression, that is, the conversion expression, so that the accuracy can be ensured. However, the order and the like may be determined in consideration of the calculation capability and the required accuracy.

  For example, when a fifth order polynomial is used, six coefficients are required, so this data may be stored in a nonvolatile memory or the like at the time of shipment. Now, assuming that the coefficients of the fifth-order polynomial are L5, L4, L3, L2, L1, and L0, tanθ is expressed by the following equation (8).

tan θ = ((((L5 * Npv + L4) * Npv + L3) * Npv + L2) * Npv + L1) *
Npv + L0 (8)
Such calculation is performed on the outputs of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R, and angle data of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R can be obtained.

  Of course, in the above example, tan θ is obtained, but first, the angle itself may be obtained, and then tan θ may be obtained.

  Next, a procedure for calculating the coordinates of the light shielding position from the angle data tanθ will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the screen coordinates of the input unit 114 and the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the input unit 104, and the distance between them is represented by Ds. Here, the center of the screen of the input unit 104 is the origin position, and the position P0 is an intersection of straight lines representing the reference angle 0 of the respective coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R.

  When the user designates the position P (x, y) on the screen of the input unit 104 with the pointing tool, tanθL and tanθR with respect to the reference angles θL and θR are represented by the polynomial expression based on the outputs of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R. Calculated using (8). Then, the x and y coordinates of the point P are calculated based on the following equations (9) and (10).

x = (Ds / 2) * (tan θL + tan θR) / (1+ (tan θL * tan θR)) (9)
y = − (Ds / 2) * (tan θR−tan θL− (2 * tan θL * tan θR))
/ (1+ (tan θL * tan θR)) + P0Y (10)
Next, pen up / down state determination based on the light shielding amount will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating the principle of pen-up / down state determination based on the light shielding amount in the coordinate input device of FIG. Here, the pen up / down state determination means that the light shielding depth Sdpth indicating the state of the input unit 104 with respect to the screen surface, which will be described later, is any state (A, B, C state), and the pointing tool includes a pen with a tip switch, a normal pen (the tip is not provided with a switch), and a finger.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, two threshold values (threshold value TH1 and threshold value TH2) are provided for the light shielding depth Sdpth, and the state of the light shielding depth Sdpth is set to the A state by these threshold values. (0% to threshold TH1), B state (threshold TH1 to TH2), and C state (threshold TH2 to 100%). Moreover, although it is not the depth of light shielding, the state which detected the touchdown of the pen with a tip switch is represented by logic D (D = 1: touchdown detection state, D = 0: touchdown non-detection state). Since the D region is substantially in a state where the light shielding depth is almost 100%, the region where D = 1 is represented as the D region.

  In the case of the pen mode (mode in which an instruction is input using a pen with a tip switch), when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, it is determined that the indicated position of the pen with the tip switch at that time is a coordinate detection invalid position. In the B state and the C state (excluding the D region), it is determined that the pen with the tip switch is in the pen-up state in which it is separated from the screen surface of the input unit 104. When the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the D region, that is, 100%, it is determined that the pen with the tip switch is in a pen-down state in contact with the screen surface of the input unit 104.

  In the finger mode (ordinary pen (with no switch provided at the tip) and a mode in which coordinates are input using an indicator such as a finger), when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the instruction at that time The pointing position of the tool is determined to be at the coordinate detection invalid position. When the tool is in the B state, it is determined that the pointing tool is in a pen-up state away from the screen surface of the input unit 104. When the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the C state, it is determined that the pointing tool is in the pen-down state in contact with the screen surface of the input unit 104.

  Next, the operation of the coordinate input device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the coordinate input apparatus of FIG. The procedure shown in the flowchart of this figure is executed by the CPU 183 (shown in FIG. 10) in accordance with a program stored in the ROM 189.

  In the present embodiment, once the state A (no effective light shielding) is entered, the state is shifted to a started or reset state, that is, an initial state. Here, in the initial state, the pen mode is set. Further, in the flowchart shown in FIG. 19, Dc represents a process for performing shading detection, coordinate calculation, and state determination of the i-th waveform. ○ Pu represents that the i-th coordinate data and pen-up information are transmitted. ○ Pd represents transmission of i-th coordinate data and pen-down information. A represents a past j-th coordinate data call, and a broken line represents a past j-th coordinate data call.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the CPU 183 first acquires waveform data (Dc), and determines whether or not a pen switch signal (switch is on) from the switch of the pen with tip switch is received (step S101). . Here, when D = 0, that is, when no pen switch signal is received, the CPU 183 determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state or the B state (step S102). When the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the CPU 183 performs waveform data capture (Dc) again. On the other hand, when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the B state, the CPU 183 transmits data combining the i-th coordinate data and the pen-up information (Pu), and then proceeds to F5. Then, the CPU 183 further captures the waveform data (Dc), and if the pen switch signal is received at this time (step S103), the CPU 183 determines that the pen is in the down state, and combines the coordinate data and the information on the pen down. After transmitting (Pd), the process returns to F5.

  On the other hand, if the pen switch signal has not been received (step S103), the CPU 183 determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the B state, or the C state (step S104). If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the CPU 183 determines that the pointing tool has been removed from the input area of the input unit 104, and returns to F1. If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the B state, the CPU 183 determines that it is in the pen-up state, transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen-up information (Pu), and returns to F5. If the light shielding depth Sdpth is the C state, the CPU 183 transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen-up information (Pu), and then the first C state after the current C state is the A state. It is determined whether or not (step S105). Here, the case where the current C state is the first C state after the A state means a case immediately after the pointing tool is inserted into the input area.

  When it is determined that the current C state is not the first C state after the A state (step S105), the CPU 183 returns to F5. On the other hand, when it is determined that the current C state is not the first C state after the A state (step S105), the CPU 183 stores the sampling number i as N2, resets the elapsed time T, and counts. To start. In addition, the CPU 183 resets the cumulative travel distance Dst, and starts the cumulative travel distance dst (i). Here, the movement distance dst (i) is a movement distance from the previous sample in the i-th coordinate sample, and is represented by the following equation (11). The accumulated Dst is expressed by the following equation (12).

  Next, the CPU 183 fetches the waveform data (Dc), determines whether a pen switch signal has been received (step S107), determines whether the elapsed time T has exceeded the time T1 (step S1081), and accumulates. Determination of whether or not Dst has exceeded the predetermined distance Dst1 (step S1802), determination of whether or not T * Dst has exceeded the predetermined number K1 (step S1083), and determination of whether or not the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the B state Each of (Step S109) is performed.

  Here, when the pen switch signal is received (step S107), the CPU 183 transmits the i-th coordinate data and the pen-down information (Pd), and then returns to F5. If the response is negative in steps S1081, S1082, and S1083 and it is finally determined in step S109 that the light shielding depth Sdpth is not in the B state, the CPU 183 accumulates the movement distance dst (i) in the accumulated Dst ( Then, the next waveform data is captured (Dc), and the process is repeated from step S107.

  If the response in step S1081, S1082, S1083, or step S109 is affirmative, the CPU 183 shifts to F2 in order to perform matching for shifting from the pen mode to the finger mode. Then, the CPU 183 stores the sampling number i as N3, and sets the past sampling number j to be called to N2 or N3-N0 (step S111).

  Next, the CPU 183 calls the past j-th coordinate data and transmits data obtained by combining the coordinate data and the pen-down information. Then, the CPU 183 determines whether or not the sampling number j is greater than N3 (step S113). If the sampling number j is not greater than N3, the CPU 183 increments j by 1 and calls the next coordinate data.

  When the sampling number j is larger than N3 in step S113, the CPU 183 shifts to F4, that is, the finger mode. Then, after fetching the waveform data (Dc), the CPU 183 determines whether a pen switch signal has been received (step S114). Here, when the Dutch down signal is received, the CPU 183 determines that the pen is down, transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen down information (Pd), and then returns to F5.

  On the other hand, when the Dutch down signal is received in step S114, the CPU 183 determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the B state, or the C state (step S115). If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the CPU 183 determines that the pointing tool has been removed from the input area of the input unit 104, and returns to F1. If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the B state, the CPU 183 determines that it is in the pen-up state, transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen-up information (Pu), and returns to F4. If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the C state, the CPU 183 transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen-down information (Pd), and then returns to F4.

  In the above operation, the pen mode is set as an initial state, and if the response is affirmative in any of the above steps S1081, S1082, and S1083, the pen mode is changed to the finger mode, and the finger mode is changed to the pen mode. The return to the mode is performed when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, that is, when the pointing tool is removed from the input area of the input unit 104 (step S115 in FIG. 19). That is, the mode switching by the above operation is useful when the pen mode is mainly used and the finger mode is used as necessary.

  On the other hand, it is also possible to perform mode switching in accordance with the usage mode in which the pen mode and the finger mode are used without being mainly used. The operation in this case is shown in FIG. FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a procedure of an operation instead of the operation of FIG.

  When performing mode switching according to the usage mode in which the pen mode or the finger mode is used without being mainly used, as shown in FIG. 20, the pen mode is similarly set as the initial state. If the response is affirmative in any of steps S1081, S1082, S1083, and S109, the pen mode is changed to the finger mode. However, in the finger mode, when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, that is, when the pointing tool is removed from the input area of the input unit 104 (step S115), the finger mode is continued without returning to the pen mode. Then, when the Dutch Down signal is received (step S114), the transition from the finger mode to the pen mode is performed. Switching the mode as shown in FIG. 20 is useful when switching between the pen mode and the finger mode according to the user's intention.

  Next, a process (● Dc) for performing light-shielding detection and coordinate calculation of the i-th waveform and state determination will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the process (● Dc) for performing the shading detection and coordinate calculation of the i-th waveform and the state determination.

  In the processing (● Dc) for performing the shading detection and coordinate calculation of the i-th waveform and the state determination, the CPU 183 first measures CCD_Data [i] (step S1201), as shown in FIG. The relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i] is calculated using Expression (3) (step S1202). Then, the CPU 183 calculates the light shielding amount S_elc based on Norm_Data [i], and obtains the light shielding depth Sdpth based on the light shielding amount S_elc (step S1203).

  Next, the CPU 183 determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the B state, or the C state (step S1204). Here, if the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, the CPU 183 does nothing and exits this process. On the other hand, if the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the B or C state, the CPU 183 calculates the coordinates X and Y (step S1205), and exits this process.

  Next, the movement of the designated point when the pen mode is changed to the finger mode will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating an example of the movement locus of the pointing point when the pen mode is changed to the finger mode, and FIG. 22B is a movement locus of the pointing point when the pen mode is changed to the finger mode. It is a figure which shows the other example of.

  22A, point N2 corresponds to the indicated point at the time of step S106 in FIG. 19 (or FIG. 20), and point N3 is F2 in FIG. 19 (or FIG. 20) at the time of transition to the finger mode. It corresponds to the point of time. Then, at point N3, a determination is made to shift to finger mode. When this determination is made, it is considered that the input was actually performed using a normal pen or finger which is not a pen with a tip switch from the stage of the point N1, and therefore, the point N2 which has reached the C state It is estimated that the pen-down state has already been reached from the position, and in the sense of a correct trajectory, the trajectory must be drawn for the section of points N2 to N3. Therefore, in order to compensate for this, at the time point F2 in FIG. 19 (or FIG. 20), the point is returned to the point N2, and a trajectory up to the point N3 is added. This result is represented by curves N2 ′ to N3 ′. Further, the drawing of the curves N2 ′ to N3 ′ is performed in steps S111 to S113 in FIG. 19 (or FIG. 20). That is, matching is performed. Table 1 shows an example of transmission data when such adjustment is performed.

  In Table 1, the gray portion is data retransmitted to add a trajectory. Data is transmitted as pen-up from the first point N2 to point N3, but in retransmission, data is transmitted as pen-down.

  Also, for example, when the distance from point N2 to N3 is long, if it is more natural to go back a little from point N3 than to go back to point N2, go back by a predetermined point N0 and go to N3-N0 to N3 A curve may be added as a trajectory. This case is shown in FIG.

  Next, transition determination from the pen mode to the finger mode and matching will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation in determining whether to shift from the pen mode to the finger mode and in matching.

  Normally, when the pen with the tip switch is used, as shown in FIG. 23A, the light shielding depth Sdpth advances from the A state to the B state to the C state, and D = 1. Here, the C state is set very narrowly (the threshold value TH2 is set to a value close to the light shielding depth Sdpth = 100%). In the present embodiment, the stroke of the switch of the pen with the tip switch and the operation load are sufficiently small. Therefore, when this switch comes into contact with the screen surface of the input unit 104 with a slight force, touchdown detection is performed. Is possible. Therefore, in such conditions, it is difficult to maintain the C state for a long time without the touch-down pen touching the screen surface when the tip switch pen is in the C state. It is difficult to enter the C area and return to the B area again without touching down the input surface due to the level of human skill. Furthermore, in the C state, the screen is longer than a predetermined length without touching down the screen surface. Drawing a curve is also difficult due to the level of human sophistication. Based on such an idea, as shown in FIG. 23B, when the signal of D = 1 is not received and is held in the C state for a predetermined time T1, the establishment of touching the screen surface is established. Although it is extremely high, it is determined that a switch signal is not received, that is, an indicator or a finger having no switch at the pen tip is used as the indicator. This determination is made at point N3.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 23A, even when the signal of D = 1 is not received and the light shielding depth Sdpth returns to the B state, there is an establishment that the input surface is once touched by the pointing tool or the finger. Although it is extremely high, it is determined that the switch signal is not received, that is, an indicator or finger that does not have a switch at the pen tip is used as an indicator. This determination is made at point N3.

  Furthermore, although not shown in the figure, when the distance traveled without receiving the signal of D = 1 exceeds the predetermined movement (Dst1), or the product of the movement distance and the elapsed time is a predetermined value (K1 ), It is determined that the switch signal has not been received, that is, an indicator or finger having no switch at the pen tip will be used as the indicator. This determination is made at point N3.

  When the finger mode is determined at the point N3 as in FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b), at least the normal indicator or finger is used even at the time of the point N1 as a continuous motion preceding that. Should be pen down at point N2.

  However, since the pen mode was operated before point N3, pen-up is performed from point N2 in the C state to point N3, and the signal transmitted to an external device such as a PC is a coordinate signal and pen-up. It is a combination of information. That is, the locus that should originally be in the portion between point N2 and point N3 is not drawn. Therefore, in order to eliminate such inconsistency, the matching data is transmitted back to point N2 again at the stage of reaching point N3. Specifically, the coordinate data from the point N2 to the point N3 are sequentially transmitted to an external device such as a PC again in combination with the pen-down information. As a result, a trajectory similar to the trajectory starting from the stage of the point N2 remains, and the inconsistency is resolved.

  In addition, regarding the temporal consistency of the pen-down signal related to the menu operation, if the pen-down occurs when the point N3 is first reached, and the user recognizes that the pen-down has occurred, the menu operation is continued. There is no problem.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 23 (c), after the point N4, it operates as a normal finger mode.

  In the present embodiment, when a pen switch signal is received in the finger mode as a special case, the process proceeds to F4 in FIG. 19 (or FIG. 20) as in the case where the pen switch signal is detected in the pen mode. However, this transition is not always required.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the switching between the pen mode using the pen with the tip switch and the finger mode using the normal pen or the user's finger is performed in real time without performing a special switching operation. It can be carried out. Further, the accuracy of position input at the time of mode switching is not impaired.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the operation according to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing the order of operations in place of the operation of FIG. 24, and FIG. FIG. 26B is a diagram showing another example of the movement locus of the designated point when the pen mode is changed to the finger mode. Here, since the present embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 26, one threshold value TH3 (threshold value 3) is provided for the light shielding depth Sdpth, and the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state and C ′ by this threshold value TH3. It is divided into two states.

  In the case of the pen mode (mode in which an instruction is input using a pen with a tip switch), when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A state, it is determined that the indicated position of the pen with the tip switch at that time is a coordinate detection invalid position. , In the C ′ state (excluding the D region), it is determined that the pen with the tip switch is in the pen-up state in which it is separated from the screen surface of the input unit 104. When the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the D region, that is, 100%, it is determined that the pen with the tip switch is in a pen-down state in contact with the screen surface of the input unit 104.

  In the finger mode (ordinary pen (with no switch provided at the tip) and a mode in which coordinates are input using an indicator such as a finger), when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state, It is determined that the pointing position of the pointing tool is at the coordinate detection invalid position. When the pointing tool is in the C ′ state, it is determined that the pointing tool is in a pen-down state in contact with the screen surface of the input unit 104.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 24, the CPU 183 first captures waveform data (Dc) and determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state or the C ′ state (step). S200). When the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state, the CPU 183 performs waveform data capture (Dc) again. On the other hand, when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the C ′ state, the CPU 183 determines whether or not a pen-down signal has been received (step S201). If the pen-down signal is received, that is, if D = 1, the CPU 183 transmits data combining the i-th coordinate data and the pen-down information (Pd), and then proceeds to F6. On the other hand, if the pen-down signal is not received, that is, if D = 0, the CPU 183 transmits data combining the i-th coordinate data and the pen-up information (Pu), and then the current C ′ state is changed. It is determined whether or not it is the first C ′ state after the A ′ state (step S202). Here, the current C ′ state being the first C ′ state after the A ′ state means a case immediately after the pointing tool is inserted into the input area.

  When it is determined that the current C ′ state is not the first C ′ state after the A ′ state (step S202), the CPU 183 returns to F6. On the other hand, when it is determined that the current C ′ state is not the first C ′ state after the A ′ state (step S202), the CPU 183 stores the sampling number i as N2 and resets the elapsed time T. The count is started (step S203). In addition, the CPU 183 resets the cumulative travel distance Dst, and starts the cumulative travel distance dst (i). Here, the moving distance dst (i) is the same as that in the first embodiment.

  Next, the CPU 183 fetches the waveform data (Dc), determines whether the pen switch signal is received (step S204), determines whether the elapsed time T exceeds the time T1 (step S2051), and accumulates. It is determined whether or not Dst exceeds the predetermined distance Dst1 (step S2502), whether or not T * Dst exceeds the predetermined number K1 (step S2503), and whether or not the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the C ′ state. Each determination (step S2504) is performed.

  Here, when the pen switch signal is received (step S204), the CPU 183 transmits the i-th coordinate data and the pen-down information (Pd), and then returns to F6. If the response is negative in steps S204, S2501, S2502, and S2503 and it is finally determined in step S2504 that the light shielding depth Sdpth is not in the C ′ state, the CPU 183 accumulates the moving distance dst (i) by the cumulative Dst. The next waveform data is captured (Dc), and the process is repeated from step S204.

  If the response is affirmative in any of S2501, S2502, S2503, and step S2504, the CPU 183 proceeds to F2 in order to perform matching for shifting from the pen mode to the finger mode.

  Next, the CPU 183 calls the past j-th coordinate data and transmits data obtained by combining the coordinate data and the pen-down information. Then, the CPU 183 determines whether or not the sampling number j is greater than N3 (step S207). If the sampling number j is not greater than N3, the CPU 183 increments j by 1 and calls the next coordinate data.

  When the sampling number j is larger than N3 in step S113, the CPU 183 shifts to F4, that is, the finger mode. Then, after fetching the waveform data (Dc), the CPU 183 determines whether a pen switch signal has been received (step S209). Here, when the Dutchdown signal is received, the CPU 183 determines that the pen-down state has occurred, transmits data in which coordinate data and pen-down information are combined (Pd), and then returns to F2.

  On the other hand, when the Dutch down signal is received in step S209, the CPU 183 determines whether the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state or the C ′ state (step S210). If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state, the CPU 183 determines that the pointing tool has been removed from the input area of the input unit 104, and returns to F6. If the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the C ′ state, the CPU 183 determines that it is in the pen-up state, transmits data combining the coordinate data and the pen-down information (Pd), and returns to F4.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the finger mode is in the A 'state, that is, when there is no effective light blocking state, the process immediately returns to F6 which is the initial state of the pen mode. Further, as a special case, when a pen switch signal is received in the finger mode, the process returns to F6 which is the initial state of the pen mode in the pen mode. This is not always necessary.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the pen mode is set as the initial state, and if the response is positive in any of the above steps S2051 to S2054, the transition from the pen mode to the finger mode is performed, The return from the finger mode to the pen mode is performed when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state, that is, when the pointing tool is removed from the input area of the input unit 104 (step S210 in FIG. 24). That is, the mode switching by the above operation is useful when the pen mode is mainly used and the finger mode is used as necessary.

  On the other hand, it is also possible to perform mode switching in accordance with the usage mode in which the pen mode and the finger mode are used without being mainly used. The operation in this case is shown in FIG.

  When mode switching is performed according to the usage mode in which the pen mode or the finger mode is used without being mainly used, as shown in FIG. 25, the pen mode is similarly set as the initial state. If any of the above steps S2051 to 2054 is positive, the pen mode is switched to the finger mode. However, in the finger mode, when the light shielding depth Sdpth is in the A ′ state, that is, when the pointing tool is removed from the input area of the input unit 104 (step S210), the finger mode is continued without returning to the pen mode. Then, when the Dutch Down signal is received (step S209), the transition from the finger mode to the pen mode is performed. Switching the mode by the operation shown in FIG. 25 is useful when switching between the pen mode and the finger mode according to the user's intention.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  An object of the present invention is to supply a storage medium (or recording medium) that records software program codes for realizing the functions of the above-described embodiments to a system or apparatus, and to use the computer (or CPU) of the system or apparatus. Or MPU) reads out and executes the program code stored in the storage medium. In this case, the program code itself read from the storage medium realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments, and the storage medium storing the program code constitutes the present invention.

  Examples of the storage medium for supplying the program code include a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-R, a CD-RW, a DVD-ROM, a DVD-RAM, and a DVD. -RW, DVD + RW, magnetic tape, nonvolatile memory card, ROM, etc. can be used. Alternatively, the program code may be downloaded via a network.

  Further, by executing the program code read by the computer, not only the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized, but also an operating system (OS) running on the computer based on the instruction of the program code. A case where part or all of the actual processing is performed and the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized by the processing is also included.

  Furthermore, after the program code read from the storage medium is written into a memory provided in a function expansion card inserted into the computer or a function expansion unit connected to the computer, the function is determined based on the instruction of the program code. The case where the CPU of the expansion card or the function expansion unit performs part or all of the actual processing and the functions of the above-described embodiments are realized by the processing is also included.

It is a top view which shows the principal part structure of the coordinate input device which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the state of the retroreflection of the retroreflection member 103 of FIG. A part of the light (light projected from the light projecting means of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R or retroreflected light) that passes in parallel with the input unit 104 in FIG. 1 is blocked by an indicator that indicates a desired position. It is a figure which shows typically the state performed. It is a top view which shows the structure of the coordinate sensor units 101L and 101R of FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the reflective characteristic with respect to the incident angle of the tape-shaped retroreflective member comprised flat, (b) is a perspective view which shows the shape of the retroreflective member 103 of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the front-end | tip part of the pen with a front-end switch used as an indicator of the coordinate input device of FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the pen switch signal detection unit 110 of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the pen switch signal processing circuit 112 of FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the pen switch signal transmitted from a pen with a tip switch. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control unit 102 of FIG. It is a figure which shows the sequence which makes LED131 of coordinate sensor unit 101L, 101R light-emit, and reads light intensity distribution data from line CCD141. It is a figure which shows an example of the light intensity distribution obtained from the output of line CCD141. It is a figure which shows the other example of the light intensity distribution obtained from the output of line CCD141. It is a figure which shows an example of relative intensity distribution Norm_Data [i] calculated | required using the predetermined formula in a certain light-shielding state. It is a figure which shows the state of the light-shielding part of light intensity distribution. It is a figure which expands the light-shielding part and shows the signal of a pixel unit. It is a top view which shows the positional relationship of the screen coordinate of the input part 114, and each coordinate sensor unit 101L, 101R. It is a figure which shows typically the principle of the state determination of the pen up / down based on the light-shielding amount in the coordinate input device of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of operation | movement of the coordinate input device of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows a procedure in the operation | movement instead of the operation | movement of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process (-Dc) which each performs the light-shielding detection of i-th waveform, coordinate calculation, and state determination. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the movement locus | trajectory of the indication point at the time of transfer from pen mode to finger mode, (b) is another example of the movement locus of the indication point at the time of transfer from pen mode to finger mode. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the operation | movement in the transition determination from the pen mode to a finger mode, and a matching. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the operation | movement in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows a procedure in the operation | movement instead of the operation | movement of FIG. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the movement locus | trajectory of the indication point at the time of transfer from pen mode to finger mode, (b) is another example of the movement locus of the indication point at the time of transfer from pen mode to finger mode. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

101L, 101R coordinate sensor unit 102 control unit 103 retroreflective member 104 input unit 110 pen switch signal detection unit 183 CPU
186 ROM
189 ROM

Claims (14)

When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
First determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator. ,
A second determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching unit that selectively switches between a first mode that employs a first determination result by the first determination unit and a second mode that employs a second determination result by the second determination unit; Have
The switching means determines whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result in the first mode, and the predetermined condition is satisfied In this case, the coordinate input device switches from the first mode to the second mode.   The predetermined condition refers to a case where the state where the first determination result is a determination of no contact and the second determination result is a determination of a contact continues for a predetermined period or a predetermined movement distance in detected coordinates The coordinate input device according to claim 1, wherein the condition is that it is continuous.   The second mode is maintained during a period in which the position indication on the input surface is continuously performed after switching from the first mode to the second mode. The coordinate input device according to 1.   When the switching from the first mode to the second mode is performed, the state in which the first determination result is a determination that there is no contact and the second determination result is a determination that there is a contact continues. The designated position on the input surface specified during a predetermined period or a predetermined moving distance is validated, and the validated designated position is identified after switching from the first mode to the second mode. 3. The coordinate input device according to claim 2, further comprising means for associating with the designated position on the input surface.   When the switching means is operated in a state in which the coordinates of the indicated position on the input surface by the pointing tool cannot be specified in the second mode, the second mode is changed to the first mode. The coordinate input device according to claim 1, wherein the coordinate input device is switched to. When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
First determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator; ,
A second determination means for determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching unit that selectively switches between a first mode that employs a first determination result by the first determination unit and a second mode that employs a second determination result by the second determination unit; Have
The switching means determines whether a first switching condition or a second switching condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and the first switching condition is Switching from the first mode to the second mode when satisfied, and switching from the second mode to the first mode when the second switching condition is satisfied. Characteristic coordinate input device.   In the first switching condition, the state in which the first determination result is a determination that there is no contact and the second determination result is a determination that there is a contact in the first mode continues for a predetermined period. The coordinate input device according to claim 6, wherein the condition is that it is a case or a case where a predetermined moving distance continues in detected coordinates.   The coordinate input device according to claim 6, wherein the second switching condition is a condition that the first determination result indicates presence of contact in the second mode.   When the switching from the first mode to the second mode is performed, the second determination result is specified during a predetermined period or a predetermined movement distance in which the determination that there is a contact is continued. And a means for validating the designated position on the input surface and associating the validated designated position with the designated position on the input surface identified after switching from the first mode to the second mode. The coordinate input device according to claim 7. When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A coordinate input method of a coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
A first determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator; ,
A second determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching step of selectively switching between a first mode that employs the first determination result in the first determination step and a second mode that employs the second determination result in the second determination step. And
In the switching step, it is determined whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result in the first mode, and the predetermined condition is satisfied A coordinate input method comprising switching from the first mode to the second mode. When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A coordinate input method of a coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
A first determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator; ,
A second determination step of determining the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching step of selectively switching between a first mode that employs the first determination result in the first determination step and a second mode that employs the second determination result in the second determination step. And
In the switching step, it is determined whether or not a first switching condition or a second switching condition is established between the first determination result and the second determination result, and the first switching condition is Switching from the first mode to the second mode when satisfied, and switching from the second mode to the first mode when the second switching condition is satisfied. Feature coordinate input method. When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A program executed on a coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
A first determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator; ,
A second determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching module that selectively switches between a first mode that employs a first determination result by the first determination module and a second mode that employs a second determination result by the second determination module; Have
The switching module determines whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result in the first mode, and the predetermined condition is satisfied In this case, the program switches from the first mode to the second mode. When an input unit in which a layered light passage region extending substantially parallel to the input surface is formed and an indicator for indicating a desired position on the input surface is operated while being inserted into the light passage region Detecting means for detecting a light intensity distribution in the light passage area, and a position of a light-shielding portion shielded by the indicator in the light passage area based on the detected light intensity distribution. A first indicator having a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion and the input surface, and the input surface. A program executed on a coordinate input device capable of using a second indicator that does not have a function of detecting the presence or absence of substantial contact with
A first determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the distal end portion of the first indicator and the input surface based on a contact detection signal obtained by a detection function of the first indicator; ,
A second determination module that determines the presence or absence of substantial contact between the tip portion of the first or second indicator and the input surface based on the light intensity distribution or a temporal change of the light intensity distribution;
A switching module that selectively switches between a first mode that employs a first determination result by the first determination module and a second mode that employs a second determination result by the second determination module; Have
The switching module determines whether or not a first switching condition or a second switching condition is satisfied between the first determination result and the second determination result, and the first switching condition is Switching from the first mode to the second mode when satisfied, and switching from the second mode to the first mode when the second switching condition is satisfied. A featured program.   14. A storage medium storing the program according to claim 12 in a computer-readable manner.

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