JP2006152090A - Heat-generating agent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the amount of generated heat of a heat-generating agent consisting of powdery quicklime and powdery aluminum, and generating heat by reacting with water so as to approach the maximum temperature of generated steam to 100°C, and maintain in the vicinity of 70-85°C even at 30 min after the initiation of the reaction. <P>SOLUTION: This 35 g heat-generating agent is provided by comprising 11.35 g powdery quick lime of 100 mesh (≥90% -150 μm) -200 mesh (≥95% -75 μm) and 22.70 g powdery aluminum having particle size distribution of 40-60% -330 mesh (-45 μm), 15-30% +330 mesh (+45 μm), <15% +235 mesh (+63 μm) and <10% +200 mesh (+75 μm), blended with 7.0 g sodium chloride, reacted with 70 mL water so as to make 94.7°C maximum reached temperature of the generated steam over 1-30 min from the initiation of the reaction and 82.7°C temperature at 30 min after the initiation of measurement. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an exothermic agent, and more particularly to an exothermic agent characterized in that sodium chloride is blended with a chemical exothermic agent composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and reacted with water.

  Various chemical exothermic agents that consist of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and react with water have been proposed. However, in any of the conventional techniques, the duration of high temperature is short, the temperature 30 seconds after the start of heat generation is 50 ° C. or less, and the use is limited.

  For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-146835 discloses a heating agent composed of 25 to 85% of powdered metal aluminum and 15 to 75% of powdered quicklime. However, this conventional technique has a disadvantage that the duration of 80 ° C. or more is 6 to 7 minutes and the amount of generated heat is small.

  Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 03-091588 discloses a heating agent composed of powdered metal aluminum and powdered quicklime. However, this prior art has a drawback that the duration in the vicinity of 100 ° C. is 17 minutes and the total amount of generated heat is small.

  Japanese Patent No. 3467729 discloses a powder quicklime of 100 mesh (-150 m 90% or more) to 200 mesh (-75 m 95% or more) to 15-30% and -330 mesh (- 45 · m) is 40 to 60%, +330 mesh (+ 45 · m) is 15 to 30%, +235 mesh (+ 63 · m) is 15%>, and +200 mesh (+ 75 · m) is 10%>. The exothermic agent which consists of 70-85% of powder aluminum which has is disclosed.

  The exothermic agent related to Japanese Patent No. 3467729 includes, for example, 15 g exothermic agent composed of 5 g of powdered quicklime and 10 g of powdered aluminum, or 30 ml of ordinary water, or 6.67 g of powdered quicklime and 13.3 g of powdered aluminum 20 g of normal water 40 ml or exothermic agent consisting of powdered quicklime 8.33 g and powdered aluminum 16.67 g 25 g of normal water 50 ml, or powdered lime 11.57 g and powdered aluminum 23.33 g 35 g of ordinary water 70 ml, or exothermic agent consisting of powdered lime 13.33 g and powdered aluminum 26.67 g 40 g ordinary water 80 ml, or powdered lime 16.67 g and powdered aluminum 33.33 g 50g consists of 100ml of ordinary water, or 20.00g of powdered quicklime and 40.00g of powdered aluminum. When 60 g of the exothermic agent is reacted with 120 ml of normal water, water vapor is generated at a maximum temperature of 92.1 ° C. after 4 minutes and 24 seconds, the water vapor temperature is 62.4 ° C. after 20 minutes, and 50. Drop to 2 ° C. Such a temperature characteristic of the water vapor is sufficient for heating the SDF combat food, ekiben, various portable foods, emergency foods and the like to a state where they can be eaten.

However, the exothermic agent according to Japanese Patent No. 3467729 is cooled in marine sports such as fishing and scuba diving when heating various portable foods such as combat foods, station lunches, and emergency foods for the Self-Defense Forces in a short period of time efficiently. In order to use it for warming up the cut body, it is not enough heat to use it for simple bathing facilities in emergency evacuation shelters in the event of an earthquake or other disaster. This means that the temperature should be as close to 100 ° C. as possible and that the temperature should be maintained at 65 to 70 ° C. and in some cases 75 to 85 ° C. even after 30 minutes.
JP-A-11-146835 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-294483 Japanese Patent No. 3467729

  The main problem to be solved by the invention is composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum. The maximum temperature of the chemical exothermic vapor that reacts with water is increased to about 100 ° C., even 30 minutes after the start of heat generation, It is to maintain 65-85 degreeC.

  Another problem to be solved by the invention is to increase the maximum temperature of the chemical exothermic vapor composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and react with water to about 100 ° C., even 30 minutes after the start of heat generation, By maintaining the temperature at 65 to 80 ° C., various portable foods such as SDF combat foods, station lunches, and emergency foods are efficiently heated in large quantities in a short time.

  Still another problem to be solved by the invention is to raise the maximum temperature of the chemical exothermic vapor composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and react with water to about 100 ° C., even 30 minutes after the start of heat generation. By maintaining the temperature at 65 to 85 ° C., it can be used for simple bathing facilities for warming the body that has been cooled by marine sports such as fishing and scuba diving, and for simple bathing facilities in emergency shelters during earthquakes and other disasters. And to expand new applications.

  In order to devise means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the present inventor examined an appropriate amount of water to be reacted with the exothermic agent according to Japanese Patent No. 3467729 from the stoichiometric theory.

The exothermic agent related to Japanese Patent No. 3467729 is a mixture of powdered quicklime (CaO) and powdered aluminum in a specific ratio. First, according to the reaction formula (1), the powdered quicklime (CaO) reacts with water. Thus, calcium hydroxide is generated while generating a large amount of heat.
CaO + H ₂ O═Ca (OH) ₂ +15.2 Kcal (1)
When the calorific value is converted per gram, since the molecular weight of CaO is 56.08, it becomes 271 cal / g.
As a result of the reaction of (1), the aqueous solution exhibits strong alkalinity due to hydrolysis of the generated calcium hydroxide.

On the other hand, the aluminum powder reacts rapidly with calcium hydroxide according to the following formula (2) to give calcium aluminate and hydrogen.
2Al + 3Ca (OH) ₂ = 3CaO · Al ₂ O ₃ + 3H ₂ ↑ (2)
The reaction heat generated at this time is about 47 cal / g. Since the molecular weight of Al is 13, it is about 3615 cal / g (3.615 Kcal / g).

  Therefore, in terms of stoichiometry, it can be seen that an appropriate amount of water to be reacted with the heat generating agent according to Japanese Patent No. 3467729 is sufficient as the number of moles of CaO.

  However, practically, in the case of 15 g of exothermic agent composed of 5 g of powdered CaO and 10 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 30 ml of normal water. Since the molecular weight of CaO is 56.08, 5 g of CaO is 5 / 56.08 = 0.09 mol. Accordingly, an appropriate amount of water in this case may be 18 g (molecular weight of water H 2 O) · 0.09 = 1.62 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 20 g of exothermic agent composed of 6.67 g of powdered CaO and 13,3 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 40 ml of normal water. However, if calculated in the same manner as in [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case may be 1.62 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 25 g of exothermic agent composed of 8.33 g of powdered CaO and 16.67 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 50 ml of normal water. However, when calculated in the same manner as in [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case is 2.7 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 35 g of exothermic agent composed of 11.67 g of powdered CaO and 23.33 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 70 ml of normal water. However, when calculated in the same manner as in [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case is 3.78 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 40 g of exothermic agent composed of 13.33 g of powdered CaO and 26.67 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 80 ml of normal water. However, if calculated in the same manner as [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case may be 4.32 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 50 g of exothermic agent composed of 16.67 g of powdered CaO and 33.33 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 100 ml of normal water. However, if calculated in the same manner as in [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case may be 5.4 ml.

  Similarly, in the case of 60 g of exothermic agent composed of 20 g of powdered CaO and 40 g of powdered aluminum, it is reacted with 120 ml of normal water. However, if calculated in the same way as in [0014], the appropriate amount of water in this case may be 6.58 ml.

Thus, when calculated from stoichiometry, the first reason for using a large excess of water is:
(A) Water is sequentially evaporated and lost by the first reaction of CaO + H ₂ O = Ca (OH) ₂ +15.2 Kcal, but it is impossible to accurately theoretically calculate the amount of water lost by the evaporation. Because it is possible, dare to use a large excess, (b) The second reason is that as soon as water is added, it will be absorbed by the non-woven fabric filled with the exothermic agent, so in anticipation of it (C) The third reason is that water is less expensive than powdered CaO and powdered aluminum, so that it was not subjected to strict cost calculation.

  The inventor increases the calorific value of the exothermic agent related to the patent No. 3467729 owned by the inventor, and brings the maximum temperature of the generated steam closer to 100 ° C., and even after 30 minutes, the vicinity of 70 to 75 ° C. is maintained. In order to devise a method of maintaining, it was studied to effectively use surplus water not involved in the reaction with the powder CaO described above.

  For this purpose, first, an inorganic compound is added as a third component to the exothermic agent according to the inventor's patent 3467729, and the exothermic reaction formulas (1) and (2) of the inventor's patent 3467729 are added. ) Is transferred (dissociated) in the reaction system with the calorific value generated by (3), the excess water undergoes a hydration reaction to generate heat of dissolution, and the sum of these is calculated as the amount of heat generated in the reaction formulas (1) and (2). We considered using together.

  Furthermore, as conditions for formulating the inorganic compound to be added, consideration was given to the fact that it can be safely stored and easy to use, and that it is inexpensive.

  From such a point, first, alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) of the periodic table 1 (Group IA) were examined.

When the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) of alkali metal Li is calculated, 520.1 kJmol- ¹ (0.52503 MJmol- ¹ ) and the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) are 7296 kJmol- ¹ (7.22981 MJmol). ^-1 ).

When the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) of Na is calculated, 495.7 kJmol- ¹ (0.4958 MJmol- ¹ ), and the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) is 4563 kJmol- ¹ (4.5624 MJmol- ¹ ). It is.

When calculating the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) of K, 418.7 kJmol- ¹ (0.4189 MJmol- ¹ ), and the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) is 3069 kJmol- ¹ (3.0514 MJmol- ¹ ). It is.

When the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) of Rb is calculated, 402.9 kJmol- ¹ (0.4030 MJmol- ¹ ) and the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) are 2640 kJmol- ¹ (2.633 MJmol- ¹ ). It is.

When the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) of Cs is calculated, 375.6 kJmol- ¹ (0.3757 MJmol- ¹ ) and the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) is 2260 kJmol- ¹ (2.23 MJmol- ¹ ). It is.

  Thus, for any alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), the secondary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy) is an order of magnitude greater than the primary ionization enthalpy (ionization energy), and +1 oxidation It can be seen that ions with numbers are stable. Further, since the lattice energy of the alkali metal atom is relatively small, it is easy to form a water-soluble salt. In addition, since the attractive force between ions is small, the alkali metal salt is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution.

  Therefore, in theory, any alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) conforms to the above conditions, but can be used safely in an open state, can be safely stored, is inexpensive, In consideration of the ease of use, sodium chloride was selected as a component to be added.

Then, next, the melting (dissociation) enthalpy when sodium chloride is transferred (melted) is 28.16 (tH / kJmol- ¹ ). Accordingly, it is understood that sodium chloride is sufficiently dissociated by the calorific value generated by the reaction formulas (1) and (2) of the exothermic agent according to the inventor's Patent No. 3467729.

Thus, the sodium chloride dissociated with the calorific value generated by the reaction formulas (1) and (2) of the exothermic agent according to the inventor's Patent No. 3467729 is the surplus water in the reaction system according to the formula (3). It is considered that 141 kJ / mol (33.7 kcal / mol) generates hydration energy by hydration reaction.
Na + H ₂・ ℃ ・ ・ OH + 1 / 2H ₂ + 141kJ / mol (33.7kcal / mol) （３）

  Usually, the smaller the size of the cation or anion, the greater the hydration energy. Since the ionic radius of Na is as small as 1.02 ° C., it is understood from this point that the hydration energy is large.

  Based on the above theoretical considerations, the present inventor increases the heat generation amount of the exothermic agent according to the inventor's patent No. 3467729 to bring the maximum temperature of the generated steam closer to 100 ° C., and 30 Even after a minute, sodium chloride was added as a means for maintaining the vicinity of 70 to 75 ° C., and the addition range was further examined.

  The blending amount of sodium chloride is preferably 0.5 to 25% per mass of the exothermic agent. When the amount of sodium chloride is 0.5% or less per mass of the exothermic agent, the required calorific value cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. When the blending amount of sodium chloride is 20 to 25% per mass of the heat generating agent, the maximum temperature reached is 95 ° C., but the temperature after 1730 seconds from the start of heat generation is 75 to 85 ° C., so there is no heat source It will be expanded to new applications such as bathing facilities. When the amount of sodium chloride is 25% or more per mass of the heat generating agent, the exothermic state varies, and once the temperature falls, the valley width is wide, the time to restore to the temperature before dropping is long, and temperature management is difficult It is not suitable for products that require a stable temperature drop.

  Sodium chloride can obtain almost the same exothermic effect even if it is blended with a heat generating agent or water.

  According to the invention described in claim 1, the highest temperature reached by adding sodium chloride to the chemical exothermic agent composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and reacting with water, compared to the case of no addition of sodium chloride. To increase the total calorific value.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the powdered quicklime of 100 mesh (-150 m 90% or more) to 200 mesh (-75 m 95% or more) is 15 to 30% by mass, and -330 mesh (-45. m) is 40 to 60%, +330 mesh (+ 45 · m) is 15 to 3 mass 0%, +235 mesh (+ 63 · m) is 15%>, +200 mesh (+ 75 · m) is 10%>. The calorific value of the exothermic agent composed of 70 to 85% by mass of powdered aluminum is increased, the maximum temperature of the generated steam is brought close to 100 ° C, and 60 to 85 ° C can be maintained even after 30 minutes from the start of the reaction. It can be used for other purposes such as mountain climbing, fishing, scuba diving, etc. in addition to heating large numbers of SDF combat foods, ekiben, portable foods, emergency food, etc. in a short time and efficiently. For warming the body is cold in the lean sport in the field, or whether the cause help to make a simple bathing facilities indoor and outdoor emergency shelter at the time of earthquakes and other disasters, it is possible to expand the new applications.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, since the blending amount of sodium chloride is 0.5 to 25% per mass of the exothermic agent, it is an economic amount, can be used safely by the user, and is filled with the exothermic agent. The nonwoven fabric is not damaged.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, since sodium chloride is blended in the exothermic agent, it is not necessary to use specific water, and any water other than normal water can be used, and it is not always necessary to set with water. Absent.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, since sodium chloride is blended with water to form an aqueous sodium chloride solution, the reaction with the exothermic agent can be performed uniformly.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. In each of the following examples, the amount of exothermic agent to be mixed with sodium chloride is changed, reacted with normal water, the temperature change with respect to the time of generated steam, and the amount of heat generated due to the amount of sodium chloride added. It was confirmed. Moreover, in each comparative example, it was made to react with normal water, without mix | blending sodium chloride with an exothermic agent, and the temperature change with respect to the time of the vapor | steam generated was confirmed.

[Examples and Comparative Examples]
Sodium chloride used

Sodium chloride was used by adding 0.3% by mass of tricalcium phosphate to 99.7% by mass of sodium chloride. Analyzed values by this salt test method were as follows: moisture 0.016% by mass, Cl (K, Ca, Mg bond) 0.001% by mass, SO20.16% by mass, Ca 0.001% by mass, Mg 0.000% by mass, K0. 0.002% by weight, 0.006% by weight of Na (SO4 bond 4), 99.656% by weight of sodium chloride, and 0.3% by weight of tricalcium phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate is usually blended as an anticoagulant for sugar and sodium chloride.

  The used sodium chloride has a drying loss of 0.1% by mass or less by a heating method at 140 ° C. for 90 minutes, a purity of 99.5% or more, a heavy metal by a sodium sulfide colorimetric method of 10 ppm or less, and a particle size by a sieve separation method of 150%. -M (100 mesh) or less is 90% or more, and foreign matter is zero.

  Loss on drying by heating method at 140 ° C. for 90 minutes is 0.1% by mass or less, purity is 99.5% or more, heavy metal by sodium sulfide colorimetric method is 10 ppm or less, particle size by fluid division method is 150 m (100 mesh) ) The following is 90% or more, and foreign matter is zero.

Used steam temperature measuring device

Using a stainless steel with a thickness of 2 mm, a reaction vessel with a completely sealed lid with a volume of 3700 mL of 100 mm (W), 200 mm (L), and 200 mm (H) was prepared. The container lid was provided with a steam discharge port having a diameter of 2 mm. Furthermore, an opening having a diameter of 10 mm was provided in the lid of the container, and a beaker containing water was inserted and fixed in a sealed state so that water could be dropped. The tip of a temperature sensor manufactured by Keyence Corporation was set at a position 45 mm from the bottom of the container. An exothermic agent was placed in the reaction vessel, covered, and water was added dropwise to react. The steam temperature is measured by recording the analog data obtained by continuous automatic measurement from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds in conjunction with a personal computer in the form of a graph. At the same time, the digital data is recorded every 5 seconds from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds. Recorded as.

Regarding the data processing, the analog data automatically created continuously from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds is a continuous value. Therefore, it is convenient to observe the temperature change with respect to the change of time as a whole, or to observe the subtle temperature rise / fall state, but it is impossible to confirm the exact temperature per time. On the other hand, the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds almost accurately displays the temperature every 5 seconds, but the temperature change between the measurement times cannot be read.

  Therefore, in [Example] and [Comparative Example] described below, graphs displaying analog data obtained by continuous automatic measurement from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds are shown as FIG. 1 to FIG. 1 to 15 and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds from 5 to 1800 seconds are expressed by compressing them in units of minutes (1 to 30 minutes). In [Discussion], explanation was made using both data. In Tables 1 to 15, since the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds from 5 to 1800 seconds are compressed and expressed in minutes, the subtle temperature changes are the original data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds. Explained using. All experiments were performed at room temperature (18-22 ° C.).

[Example 1]
35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) was mixed with 0.35 g (0.006 mol) of sodium chloride, and 70 ml of normal water was added. Analog data obtained by continuously and automatically recording the temperature change of steam generated over 5 seconds to 1800 seconds after adding water is shown in FIG. 1 as digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds. The results are shown in Table 1 after being compressed to 30 minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.35 g of sodium chloride, ie 1% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 201 cal.

[Comparative Example 1]
To 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 23.33 g, CaO 11.67), no sodium chloride was added, and 70 ml of normal water was added. After the addition of water, the temperature change of the steam generated over 5 to 1800 seconds is automatically recorded continuously. The obtained analog data is shown as a graph in FIG. Compressed to ~ 30 minutes and shown in Table 1.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 1, 1 is the result of Example 1, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 1, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 1 and Table 1 in which the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are written together and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 1 is stable between 95 and 155 seconds after the start of measurement. The first highest temperature zone reached about 80 to about 90 ° C., and the maximum temperature reached 92.1 ° C. in 140 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature dropped to 80 ° C. or less once in 160 to 225 seconds, but reached the second highest temperature band of about 80 ° C. to about 90 ° C. in 230 to 795 seconds, and reached the maximum temperature of 92.2 ° C. in 320 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. during 805 to 1120 seconds, and further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 53.6 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C. in 135 to 165 seconds after the start of measurement, and reached the maximum temperature 91.1 in 145 seconds. Subsequently, the second highest temperature band reached 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. in 260 to 640 seconds after the start of heat generation, and 92.3 ° C. was shown in 345 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 60 ° C. for 645 to 1150 seconds, and further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 46.5 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 1% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water raised the maximum temperature to nearly 100 ° C. and maintained 80-100 ° C. for a long time, compared with the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent and 70 ml of water. It can be seen that the remarkable effect of increasing the calorific value is achieved.

[Example 2]
To 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g), 0.7 g (0.012 mol) of sodium chloride was blended, and 70 ml of normal water was added. The temperature change of the steam generated over 5 to 1800 seconds after the addition of water is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 2 with the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals. The results are shown in Table 2 after compression to 1 to 30 minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.7 g of sodium chloride, ie 2% of the mass of the exothermic agent, is theoretically 403 cal.

[Comparative Example 2]
To 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 23.33 g, CaO 11.67), no sodium chloride was added, and 70 ml of normal water was added. The temperature change of the steam generated over 5 to 1800 seconds after the addition of water is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 2 with the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals. The results are shown in Table 2 after compression to 1 to 30 minutes.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 2, 1 is the result of Example 2, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 2, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 2, which shows the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 together, Table 2, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 2 is between 55 and 170 seconds after the start of measurement. The stable first highest temperature zone reached about 80 to about 90 ° C., during which time the maximum temperature reached 92.7 ° C. in 155 seconds. Thereafter, a stable second maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached in 280 to 1080 seconds, and a maximum temperature of 95.2 ° C. was reached in 395 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. during 1085 to 1510 seconds, and further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 63.8 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C. in 130 to 185 seconds after the start of measurement, and reached the maximum temperature of 92.7 ° C. in 175 seconds. Subsequently, it reached the second highest temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. within 315 to 675 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed 89.7 ° C. during 400 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 680 to 910 seconds, and further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 47.9 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the combination of exothermic agent 35g, sodium chloride 2% and water 70ml, compared to the exothermic agent 35g and water 70ml combination, raised the maximum temperature to nearly 100 ° C and maintained 80-100 ° C for a long time, It can be seen that the remarkable effect of increasing the calorific value is achieved.

[Example 3]
35 g of exothermic agent (AL22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) was mixed with 1.05 g (0.018 mol) of sodium chloride, 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the generated steam was Automatic recording was continuously performed for 5 seconds to 1800 seconds, and the obtained analog data was graphed in FIG. 3, and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals was compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 3. . The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.05 g of sodium chloride, ie 3% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 605 cal.

[Comparative Example 3]
The exothermic agent 35g (AL23.33g, CaO11.67) was added with no sodium chloride, 70ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the generated steam was continued for 5 to 1800 seconds. The recorded analog data was automatically recorded as a graph in FIG. 3, and the digital data obtained at 5-second intervals was compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 3.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 3, 1 is the result of Example 3, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 3, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 3, in which the results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 are written together, and Table 3 and the original digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds, Example 3 is first in 55 to 60 seconds after the start of measurement. The next highest temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C., during which time the maximum temperature reached 84.8 ° C. in 55 seconds. Thereafter, a stable secondary maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached in 105 to 190 seconds, and a maximum temperature of 94.6 ° C. was reached in 160 seconds. Thereafter, a stable third maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached in 290 to 1140 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 92.6 ° C. was reached in 460 seconds. During 1145 to 1575 seconds, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C., and further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, showing 65 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  In Comparative Example 3, although not shown in Table 3, the primary maximum temperature reached 82.7 ° C. 55 seconds after the start of measurement. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C. within 100 to 180 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature reached 94.7 ° C. within 155 seconds. Subsequently, the third maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached within 250 to 615 seconds after the start of measurement, and 90.3 ° C. was exhibited during 335 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 620 to 865 seconds, further decreased to 60 to 50 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 47 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the combination of exothermic agent 35g, sodium chloride 2% and water 70ml, compared to the exothermic agent 35g and water 70ml combination, raised the maximum temperature to nearly 100 ° C and maintained 80-100 ° C for a long time, It can be seen that the calorific value is increased and Example 3 achieves a remarkable effect of maintaining an average temperature of about 15 ° C. higher than that of Comparative Example 3 between 360 seconds and 1800 seconds.

[Example 4]
A system in which 0.84 g (0.0144 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 35 g of an exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) was added with 70 ml of normal water to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the generated steam was measured. Automatic recording is continuously performed for 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 4 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 4. It was. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.84 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.4% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 472 cal.

[Example 5]
A system in which 1.05 g (0.018 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) was added with 70 ml of normal water to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the generated steam was Automatic recording is continuously performed for 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 4 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 4. It was. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.05 g of sodium chloride, ie 3.0% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 605 cal.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 4, 1 is the result of Example 4, 2 is the result of Example 5, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 4, Table 4 in which the results of Example 4 and Example 5 are written together, and the original digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds, Example 4 is between 135 and 200 seconds after the start of measurement. The stable first highest temperature zone reached about 80 to about 90 ° C., during which time the maximum temperature reached 90.7 ° C. in 170 seconds. Thereafter, a stable secondary maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached in 295 to 1160 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 87.9 ° C. was reached in 560 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 1160 to 1560 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 66.4 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, in Example 5, the primary maximum temperature range of about 80 to about 90 ° C. was reached in 85 to 180 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature of 95 ° C. was reached in 155 seconds. Next, the secondary maximum temperature band reached 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. in 245 to 1150 seconds after the start of measurement, and 93.4 ° C. was exhibited in 415 seconds during that time. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 1155 to 1540 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 63.5 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the exothermic reaction by the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 2.4% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water, and the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 3.0% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water were the highest compared to the case of no addition. It can be seen that the remarkable effect of raising the ultimate temperature to near 100 ° C., maintaining 100 to 90 ° C. for a long time, and increasing the total calorific value is achieved.

[Example 6]
To a system in which 0.945 g (0.0172 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g), 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. The temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously for 5 to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. Table 5 shows the results compressed into minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.945 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 580 cal.

[Example 7]
70 ml of normal water was added to a system in which 0.84 g (0.014 mol) of sodium chloride was mixed with 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) to cause an exothermic reaction. The temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously for 5 to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 5 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals for 1 to 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 5. The amount of increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.84 g of sodium chloride, that is, 2.4% per mass of the exothermic agent is 472 cal.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 5, 1 is the result of Example 6, 2 is the result of Example 7, and 3 is room temperature. Referring to FIG. 5, Table 5 where the results of Example 6 and Example 7 are written together, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 6 is stable at 45 to 175 seconds after the start of measurement. The first highest temperature zone reached about 80 to 90 ° C., and the maximum temperature reached 95.8 ° C. in 150 seconds. Furthermore, it reached a stable secondary maximum temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. in 270 to 1085 seconds after the start of measurement, and reached a maximum temperature of 93.8 ° C. in 410 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 1090 to 1475 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 62.5 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, in Example 7, 120 to 175 seconds after the start of measurement, the first highest temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C., and the maximum temperature reached 96.1 ° C. in 160 seconds. Subsequently, the second maximum temperature band of 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. was reached in 255 to 1030 seconds after the start of measurement, and 93.3 ° C. was exhibited in 375 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. in 1035 to 1395 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 60.3 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the exothermic reaction due to the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water and the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 2.4% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water were the highest compared to the case of no addition. It can be seen that the remarkable effect of raising the ultimate temperature to near 100 ° C., maintaining 100 to 90 ° C. for a long time, and increasing the total calorific value is achieved.

[Example 8]
70 ml of ordinary water was added to a system in which 0.945 g (0.0172 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) to cause an exothermic reaction. The temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously over 5 seconds to 1800 seconds, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 6 and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds is 1 to 30 minutes. The result is shown in Table 6. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.945 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 580 cal.

[Example 9]
To a system in which 1.05 g (0.018 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g), 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction, and for 5 to 1800 seconds. The temperature change of the generated steam was automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data was graphed in FIG. 6 and the digital data obtained at 5-second intervals was compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 6. . The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.05 g of sodium chloride, ie 3.0% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 605 cal.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 6, 1 is the result of Example 8, 2 is the result of Example 9, and 3 is the room temperature. Although not described in Table 6, Example 8 showed a primary maximum temperature of 85.4 ° C. 50 seconds after the start of measurement. Thereafter, a stable primary maximum temperature band of about 80 to about 90 ° C. was exhibited in 70 to 215 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature of 94.4 ° C. was reached in 165 seconds. Subsequently, a stable third highest temperature band of about 80 to about 90 ° C. was exhibited in 285 to 1090 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature reached 95.1 ° C. in 400 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 1095 to 1410 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 61.6 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  Although Example 9 was not described in Table 6, the primary maximum temperature of 89.1 ° C. was exhibited 50 seconds after the start of measurement. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to about 90 ° C. in 115 to 205 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature reached 92.5 ° C. in 180 seconds. Subsequently, the third highest temperature band reached 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. in 250 to 1230 seconds after the start of measurement, and 95.7 ° C. was shown in 340 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased to 80 to 70 ° C. for 1230 to 1610 seconds, and further decreased to 70 to 60 ° C. until 1800 seconds, and showed 65.2 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

  From this result, the exothermic reaction due to the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water and the combination of 35 g of exothermic agent, 2.4% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water were the highest compared to the case of no addition. It can be seen that the remarkable effect of raising the ultimate temperature to near 100 ° C., maintaining 100 to 90 ° C. for a long time, and increasing the total calorific value is achieved.

  Next, exothermic agents 15g, 20g, 25g, 35g, 40g, 50g, and 60g were mixed with a predetermined amount of sodium chloride and reacted with water to confirm the temperature change of the generated steam. Comparative Examples 4 to 10 in which the temperature change of the generated steam was confirmed by reacting with water without blending sodium were performed.

[Example 10]
The exothermic agent 15g (AL9.73g, CaO 4.865g) is mixed with 0.405g (0.0069mol) of sodium chloride, and 30ml of normal water is added to cause an exothermic reaction, for 5 to 1800 seconds. The temperature change of the generated steam was continuously and automatically recorded, and the obtained analog data was graphed in FIG. 7 and the digital data obtained at 5-second intervals was compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 7. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.405 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 232 cal.

[Comparative Example 4]
15 g of exothermic agent (AL 10 g, CaO 5 g) is added without sodium chloride, 30 ml of normal water is added to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the steam generated from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds is started automatically. The recorded analog data as a graph is shown in FIG. 7, and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds are compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 7.

[Discussion]
In the graph shown in FIG. 7, 1 is the result of Example 10, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 4, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 7, Table 7, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 10 shows a primary maximum temperature band of about 70 ° C. 30 to 45 seconds after the start of measurement, during which 35 seconds. It showed 76.8 ° C. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band of about 70 to 76 ° C. was exhibited in 265 to 495 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature reached 75.9 ° C. in 400 seconds. Subsequently, the temperature decreased from 70 to 30 ° C. at the same rate from 495 to 1800 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed 38.1 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  Comparative Example 4 showed a primary maximum temperature band of about 70 to 80 ° C. 30 to 55 seconds after the start of measurement, and a primary maximum temperature of 85.8 ° C. in 45 seconds. Thereafter, the second highest temperature band of about 70 to 90 ° C. was exhibited in 80 to 305 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 86.6 ° C. was reached in 135 seconds. Then, it dropped rapidly from 70 to about 30 ° C. until 310 to 1800 seconds, and showed 32.1 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  When Example 10 and Comparative Example 4 are compared, the amount of heat in Comparative Example 4 is higher from the start of heat generation to 355 seconds, but Example 10 is more average than Comparative Example 4 between 360 seconds and 1800 seconds. The temperature was maintained at 5 to 10 ° C., and the temperature was lowered. In 1800 seconds, Example 10 showed 38.1 ° C. and Comparative Example 4 showed 32.1 ° C. From this result, it can be seen that Example 10 achieves a remarkable effect of increasing the total heat generation amount as compared with Comparative Example 4.

[Example 11]
0.540 g (0.0092 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 20 g of exothermic agent (AL 12.97 g, CaO 6.49 g), and 40 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. The temperature change of the steam generated from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement is automatically recorded continuously. The obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 8 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is 1 to 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 8. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.540 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 311 cal.

[Comparative Example 5]
An exothermic reaction was caused by adding 40 ml of normal water to 20 g of exothermic agent (AL 13.3 g, CaO 6.67 g) without adding sodium chloride. The temperature change of the steam generated from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement is automatically recorded continuously. The obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 8 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is 1 to 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 8.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 8, 1 is the result of Example 11, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 5, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 8, Table 8, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 11 reached the first highest temperature band of about 80 to 83 ° C. in 35 to 50 seconds after the start of measurement, during which 35 It showed 82.6 ° C in seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 70 to 89 ° C. in 65 to 430 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature of 88.1 ° C. was shown in 365 seconds. Subsequently, it dropped at 70 to 40 ° C. from 495 to 1800 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed 48.6 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  In Comparative Example 5, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 83 ° C. in 40 to 50 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature was 82.4 ° C. in 40 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 ° C. in 95 to 210 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 87.6 ° C. was shown in 170 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature dropped from 70 to 1800 seconds at 70 to 40 ° C. at substantially the same drop rate, and 1800 seconds showed 40.3 ° C.

That is, when a combination of 20 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 40 ml of water and a combination of 20 g of exothermic agent and 70 ml of water are compared, the heat amount of Comparative Example 4 is higher from the start of exotherm to 355 seconds. Between 1 second and 1800 seconds, Example 11 maintained an average temperature of 5-10 ° C. higher than that of Comparative Example 5, and the temperature dropped as it was. In 1800 seconds, Example 38.1 ° C. 4 showed 32.1 degreeC. From this result, it can be seen that Example 11 achieved a remarkable effect of increasing the total calorific value as compared with Comparative Example 5.

[Example 12]
An exothermic reaction was caused by adding 0.675 g (0.0115 mol) of sodium chloride to 25 g of exothermic agent (AL 16.22 g, CaO 8.10 g) and adding 50 ml of normal water. From 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. Table 9 shows the results compressed into minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.675 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 389 cal.

[Comparative Example 6]
Exothermic agent 25g (AL16.67g, CaO8.33g) was added without sodium chloride, 50ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction, and the temperature change of the generated steam was observed from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds. FIG. 9 shows the obtained analog data as a graph, and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds are compressed to 1 to 30 minutes and shown in Table 9.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 9, 1 is the result of Example 12, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 6, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 9, Table 9, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 12 reached a stable primary maximum temperature band of about 80 ° C. between 125 and 180 seconds after the start of measurement. The maximum temperature reached 88.5 ° C in 150 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreases while maintaining at 80 ° C. or lower and 70 ° C. or higher for 185 to 1100 seconds, and decreases to 70 to 50 ° C. at approximately the same rate of decrease for 1100 to 1800 seconds, and 52.9 at 1800 seconds. ° C.

  On the other hand, Comparative Example 6 reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in the first highest temperature band 30 to 40 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed a maximum temperature of 90.3 ° C. in 35 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. was reached in 60 to 185 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 94.1 ° C. was shown in 155 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature dropped to 70 to 40 ° C. at substantially the same rate of decrease from 185 to 1800 seconds, and showed 40.2 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  From this result, when Example 12 and Comparative Example 6 were compared, both showed almost the same heat generation behavior from the start of heat generation to 255 seconds, but from about 255 seconds, Example 12 was 15 ° C. higher than Comparative Example 6 on average. It can be seen that the temperature dropped to 1800 seconds while maintaining the temperature. From this result, it can be seen that Example 12 achieved a remarkable effect of increasing the total calorific value as compared with Comparative Example 6.

[Example 13]
40 g of exothermic agent (AL 25.95 g, CaO 12.97 g) was mixed with 1.08 g (0.0184 mol) of sodium chloride, and 80 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. From 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 10 with digital data obtained at 5 second intervals 1-30. Table 10 shows the results compressed into minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.08 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 683 cal.

[Comparative Example 7]
To 40 g of exothermic agent (AL 26.67 g, CaO 13.33 g) was added no sodium chloride, and 80 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. From 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 10 with digital data obtained at 5 second intervals 1-30. Table 10 shows the results compressed into minutes.

  In FIG. 10, 1 is the result of Example 13, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 7, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 10, Table 10, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 13 reached the first maximum temperature of 80.1 ° C. 30 to 35 seconds after the start of measurement. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 70 to 89 ° C. in 80 to 140 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 89.8 ° C. was shown in 105 seconds. It then dropped to about 70-60 ° C. for 145-240 seconds. A third highest temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. of about 80 to 100 ° C. was exhibited for 245 to 1445 seconds, and a maximum temperature of 95.9 ° C. was exhibited for 315 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature dropped from 80 to 70 ° C. at approximately the same rate from 1450 to 1800 seconds, and showed 72.2 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, Comparative Example 7 reached the first highest temperature band of about 80 to 83 ° C. in 40 to 50 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed the maximum temperature of 82 ° C. in 45 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 190 to 705 seconds, and the maximum temperature was 92.1 ° C. in 250 seconds. Subsequently, 80-50 ° C. was dropped at approximately the same rate of decrease from 710 to 1800 seconds, and 50.2 ° C. was exhibited at 1800 seconds.

  From this result, it can be seen that the combination of exothermic agent 40 g, sodium chloride 2.7% and water 80 ml has a longer high temperature maintenance time and a larger total calorific value than the exothermic agent 40 g and water 80 ml.

[Example 14]
50 g of exothermic agent (AL 32.43 g, CaO 16.21 g) was mixed with 1.35 g (0.023 mol) of sodium chloride, and 100 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. From 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. Table 11 shows the results compressed into minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.35 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 778 cal.

[Comparative Example 8]
To 50 g of exothermic agent (AL 32.43 g, CaO 16.21 g) was added no sodium chloride, and 100 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. From 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. Table 11 shows the results compressed into minutes.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 11, 1 is the result of Example 14, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 8, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 11, Table 11, and the original digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds, Example 14 reached the first maximum temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. at 35 to 95 seconds after the start of measurement, during which 80 It showed 92.2 ° C in seconds. Thereafter, the second highest temperature band reached about 80 to 89 ° C. in 135 to 1505 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 96.9 ° C. was shown in 210 seconds. Subsequently, the temperature dropped from 80 to 70 ° C. at about the same rate of fall for 1510 to 1800 seconds, and showed 73.3 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  On the other hand, Comparative Example 8 reached the first highest temperature band of about 80 to 83 ° C. within 30 to 50 seconds after the start of measurement, and showed the maximum temperature of 83 ° C. during 35 seconds. Thereafter, the second highest temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 70 to 895 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 96.8 ° C. was shown in 220 seconds. Subsequently, 80 to 50 ° C. was dropped at approximately the same rate of decrease from 895 to 1800 seconds, and 56.5 ° C. was exhibited at 1800 seconds.

  From this result, it can be seen that the combination of 50 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 100 ml of water has a longer high temperature maintenance time and a larger total calorific value than the combination of exothermic agent 50 g and 100 ml of water.

[Example 15]
1.62 (0.0277 mol) of sodium chloride was added to 60 g of exothermic agent (AL 38.92 g, CaO 19.46 g), and 120 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. The measurement is started after 5 seconds, and the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously over 1800 seconds. The obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. The results are shown in Table 12 after being compressed to 1 to 30 minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.62 g of sodium chloride, ie 2.7% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 934 cal.

[Comparative Example 9]
An exothermic reaction was caused by adding 120 ml of normal water without adding sodium chloride to 60 g of exothermic agent (AL 40.00 g, CaO 20.00 g). The measurement is started after 5 seconds, and the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously over 1800 seconds. The obtained analog data is shown as a graph in FIG. 12 in the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds. Is shown in Table 12 after being compressed to 1 to 30 minutes.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 12, 1 is the result of Example 15, 2 is the result of Comparative Example 9, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 12, Table 12, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 15 reached the first highest temperature band of about 80-90 ° C. between 45 and 90 seconds after the start of measurement, Meanwhile, 90 ° C. was exhibited in 70 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 130 to 1800 seconds, and reached the maximum temperature 97.1 ° C. in 305 seconds.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 9, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 45 to 95 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature was 89.5 ° C. in 85 seconds. Thereafter, the second highest temperature zone reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 150 to 1105 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 97 to 97.1 ° C. was shown in 350 to 375 seconds. Subsequently, the temperature dropped from 80 to 60 ° C. at approximately the same drop rate from 1110 to 1800 seconds, and showed 62.5 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  From this result, it can be seen that the combination of 60 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 120 ml of water has a longer high temperature maintenance time and a larger total calorific value than the combination of 60 g of exothermic agent and 120 ml of water.

  Next, 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, 11.35 g of CaO), a small amount (0.5%) of sodium chloride, and a large amount (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of sodium chloride And 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction, and the criticality of the amount of sodium chloride added to the exothermic agent was examined.

[Example 16]
35 g (AL22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) of exothermic agent was mixed with 3.5 g (0.05988 mol) of sodium chloride, and 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. The measurement is started after 5 seconds, and the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously over 1800 seconds. The obtained analog data is shown as a graph in FIG. 13 in the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds. The results are shown in Table 13 after being compressed to 1 to 30 minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 3.5 g of sodium chloride, ie, 10% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 2018 cal.

[Example 17]
35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g) was mixed with 5.25 g (0.0898 mol) of sodium chloride, and 70 ml of normal water was added to cause an exothermic reaction. The measurement is started after 5 seconds, and the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously over 1800 seconds. The obtained analog data is shown as a graph in FIG. 13 in the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds. The results are shown in Table 13 after being compressed to 1 to 30 minutes. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 5.25, i.e. 15% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 3026 cal.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 13, 1 is the result of Example 16, 2 is the result of Example 17, and 3 is room temperature. Referring to FIG. 13, Table 13, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 16 reached a primary maximum temperature band of about 80-90 ° C. between 35 and 45 seconds after the start of measurement, During this time, the maximum temperature was 85 ° C. in 35 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 55 to 210 seconds, and the maximum temperature was 93.8 ° C. in 145 seconds. After that, the temperature is decreased from 100 to 90 ° C. at approximately the same rate for 260 to 910 seconds, the temperature is decreased from 80 to 60 ° C. at approximately the same rate from 915 to 1800 seconds, and 67.7 ° C. at 1800 seconds. Indicated.

  On the other hand, in Example 17, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 ° C. in 45 to 50 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature was 84.6 ° C. in 45 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. in 85 to 180 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 94.2 ° C. was shown in 160 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature was once lowered to 80 to 70 ° C. for 185 to 255 seconds. Thereafter, the second highest temperature band reached about 80 to 90 ° C. within 260 to 1010 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 95.7 to 95.8 ° C. was exhibited during 345 to 365 seconds. Thereafter, the temperature gradually decreased from 90 to 80 ° C. during 1015 to 1435 seconds, and decreased from 80 to 70 ° C. at approximately the same rate from 1440 to 1800 seconds, and showed 71.3 ° C. at 1800 seconds.

  From this result, it can be seen that the combination of 60 g of exothermic agent, 2.7% sodium chloride and 120 ml of water has a longer high temperature maintenance time and a larger total calorific value than the combination of 60 g of exothermic agent and 120 ml of water.

[Example 18]
Combining 0.175 g (0.00299 mol) of sodium chloride with 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g), adding 70 ml of normal water to cause an exothermic reaction, from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement. Over time, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 14 and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes in Table 14. Indicated. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 0.175 g of sodium chloride, ie 0.5% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 100.8 cal.

[Example 19]
Combining 1.75 g (0.0299 mol) of sodium chloride with 35 g of exothermic agent (AL 22.70 g, CaO 11.35 g), adding 70 ml of normal water to cause an exothermic reaction, from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement. Over time, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 14 and the digital data obtained at intervals of 5 seconds is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes in Table 14. Indicated. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 1.75 g of sodium chloride, ie 5% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 1009 cal.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 14, 1 is the result of Example 18, 2 is the result of Example 19, and 3 is room temperature. Referring to FIG. 14, Table 14, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 18 reached 71.8 ° C. in 160 seconds from the start of measurement.
A stable first highest temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. is exhibited in 5 to 210 seconds, 2
The maximum temperature reached 92.1 ° C in 00 seconds. After that, once for 215-300 seconds
The temperature falls below 0 ° C., and the second highest temperature band is about 80 for 305 to 820 seconds.
A maximum temperature of 88.9 ° C. was reached in 395 seconds. Then 82
From 5 to 1800 seconds, the temperature drops at approximately the same rate, and at 1800 seconds 56.2
° C.

On the other hand, in Example 19, about 73 to about 90 for 70 to 175 seconds from the start of measurement.
The temperature reached the first highest temperature range of 0 ° C. where the temperature was raised and lowered repeatedly within the range of 0 ° C., and reached the maximum temperature of 93, 3 ° C. in 160 seconds. Thereafter, the secondary maximum temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. was exhibited in 235 to 1380 seconds, and the maximum temperature of 95.7 ° C. was reached in 395 seconds. afterwards,
During 1385 to 1800 seconds, the temperature drops from 80 ° C. at approximately the same rate, 180 °
In 0 seconds, it was 70.2 ° C.

From this result, both 35 g of exothermic agent, 0.5% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water, and 8 g of exothermic agent 35 g, 5% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water were 8
It can be seen that the high temperature maintenance time of 0 to 90 ° C. is long and the total calorific value is large.

[Example 20]
The exothermic agent 35g (AL22.70g, CaO 11.35g) is mixed with 7.0g (0.1197mol) of sodium chloride, 70ml of normal water is added to cause an exothermic reaction, from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement. Over time, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 15 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes in Table 15. Indicated. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 7.0 g of sodium chloride, ie 20% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 4036 cal.

[Example 21]
The exothermic agent 35g (AL22.70g, CaO 11.35g) is mixed with 8.75g (0.1497mol) of sodium chloride, and 70ml of normal water is added to cause an exothermic reaction, from 5 seconds to 1800 seconds from the start of measurement. Over time, the temperature change of the generated steam is automatically recorded continuously, and the obtained analog data is graphed in FIG. 15 and the digital data obtained at 5 second intervals is compressed to 1 to 30 minutes in Table 15. Indicated. The increase in calorific value due to the addition of 8.75 g of sodium chloride, ie 25% per mass of exothermic agent, is theoretically 5045 cal.

[Discussion]
In FIG. 15, 1 is the result of Example 20, 2 is the result of Example 21, and 3 is the room temperature. Referring to FIG. 15, Table 15, and the original digital data obtained at 5 second intervals, Example 20 reached the first highest temperature band of about 80 ° C. between 40 and 45 seconds after the start of measurement, during which 40 The maximum temperature was 86.3 ° C. in seconds. Then 16
A stable first maximum temperature zone of about 80 ° C. was reached in 5 to 285 seconds, and a maximum temperature of 88 ° C. was shown in 255 seconds. During 290 to 485 seconds, the temperature once drops to 80 to 60 ° C., and then after 490 to 1800 seconds, the stable second highest temperature band is about 80 to 9
The temperature reached 0 ° C., during which time the maximum temperature was 95 ° C. in 990 seconds. From around 1235 seconds
The temperature dropped at approximately the same rate of drop, and showed 82.7 ° C. in 1800 seconds.

On the other hand, in Example 21, the primary maximum temperature band reached about 80 ° C. for 45 to 55 seconds after the start of measurement, and the maximum temperature was 87.4 ° C. for 45 seconds. After that, the secondary maximum temperature band stabilized at about 80 to 90 ° C. reached 90 to 200 seconds after the start of heat generation, and reached 17
The maximum temperature was 92.4 ° C. in 5 seconds. Thereafter, a stable third maximum temperature band of about 80 to 90 ° C. was reached in 370 to 1800 seconds, while the maximum temperature of 93.9 was reached in 550 seconds, and 76 ° C. was exhibited even in 1800 seconds.

From this result, both 35 g of exothermic agent, 20% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water, and 8 g of exothermic agent 35 g, 25% sodium chloride and 70 ml of water were 8
It can be seen that both the high temperature maintenance time of 0-90 ° C. and the total calorific value are significantly increased.

[Examples 22 to 26]
Next, Examples 22 to 26 were tested three times in each Example. In each example, the mass of the exothermic agent was accurately weighed, and the exothermic agent was reacted with 80 ml of water added with the amount of sodium chloride shown in Table 16 per mass of exothermic agent, and the temperature sensor was in direct contact with the exothermic agent. The maximum temperature was measured, and the average value of the three maximum temperatures and the time required to reach each maximum temperature were measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 16.

[Comparative Example 11]
As Comparative Example 11, the test was performed three times. In each example, the mass of the exothermic agent was accurately weighed, and 80 ml of water added with sodium chloride in the amount shown in Table 16 per mass of the exothermic agent was reacted with the exothermic agent, and the temperature sensor was used as the exothermic agent. The maximum temperature was measured by direct contact, and the average value of the three maximum temperatures and the time to reach each maximum temperature were measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 16.

[Discussion]
From the results shown in Table 16, the same exothermic effect can be obtained even when sodium chloride is added to the exothermic agent and reacted with normal water, or when sodium chloride is added to water and reacted with the exothermic agent. I understand. In particular, when 3% sodium chloride per mass of the exothermic agent was added to water and reacted with the exothermic agent, the maximum temperature reached 120.2 ° C. within about 10 minutes from the start of the reaction.

As described above, the high calorific value generating exothermic agent of the present invention is a chemical exothermic agent composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum and reacted with water, which is chemically safe and can be used safely even in an open state. Self-Defense Forces can be stored safely and can be kept at 70-80 ° C even after 30 minutes from the start of the reaction by simply adding low-priced sodium chloride and raising the maximum temperature to 90-100 ° C. In addition to heating for combat food, station lunches, various portable foods, emergency foods, etc., if temperature management is properly performed, the body that has been cooled by marine sports such as mountain climbing, fishing, scuba diving, etc. will be warmed on site, disasters such as earthquakes It can contribute to making a simple bathing facility inside and outside the emergency evacuation shelter, and can expand new applications.

The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 4 and Example 5. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 6 and Example 7. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 8 and Example 9. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 10 and Comparative Example 4. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 11 and Comparative Example 5. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 12 and Comparative Example 6. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 13 and Comparative Example 7. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 14 and Comparative Example 8. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 15 and Comparative Example 9. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 16 and Example 17. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 18 and Example 19. FIG. The graph which shows the time-temperature change of the generated steam in Example 20 and Example 21. FIG.

Claims (5)

An exothermic agent characterized in that sodium chloride is added to a chemical exothermic agent composed of powdered quicklime and powdered aluminum to react with water. The exothermic agent is 15 to 30% by mass of powdered lime of 100 mesh (−150 · m 90% or more) to 200 mesh (−75 · m 95% or more), and 40 to 60 of −330 mesh (−45 · m). %, +330 mesh (+ 45 · m) 15 to 3 mass 0%, +235 mesh (+ 63 · m) 15%>, +200 mesh (+ 75 · m) 10%> The heat generating agent according to claim 1, comprising 85% by mass. The exothermic agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of sodium chloride is 0.5 to 25% per mass of the exothermic agent. The exothermic agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein sodium chloride is added to the exothermic agent. The exothermic agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein sodium chloride is blended in water.

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