JP2006133455A - Three-dimensional picture display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an integral photography system projection type three-dimensional picture display device, where high resolution and high stereoscopic effect are compatible with each other. <P>SOLUTION: The three-dimensional picture display device is equipped with image formation means for controlling and forming the element images of a plurality of viewpoint images including parallax information so that an original three-dimensional object may exist in space and the element image including the viewpoint image information may be emitted from the three-dimensional object, and the element image of the viewpoint image including the parallax information arranged on a two-dimensional plane corresponding to the respective image formation means is arranged in the three-dimensional picture display device. An image formation screen 6 for projecting and forming the element image including the viewpoint image information is arranged just behind a means for controlling a light beam so as to form an image as a means for arranging the element image of the viewpoint image information on the two-dimensional plane, and the display device is provided with a projection means for projecting and forming the element image including the viewpoint image information on the image formation screen 6 and controlling the shape of the projected image. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention includes video technology field, amusement field, entertainment field, internet field, information field, multimedia field, communication field, advertising field, advertising field, medical field, art field, education field, design support field, simulation field, virtual reality. The present invention relates to a projection-type three-dimensional image display device that enables three-dimensional display used in, for example.

  Conventionally, as a means for displaying three-dimensional image information, the autostereoscopic parallel method for viewing two pictures including binocular parallax with the right eye for the right image and the left eye for the left image, or liquid crystal There are glasses with shutters, a stereoscope that uses different lenses for the right and left eyes, and an anaglyph method for viewing binocular parallax pictures with different colors of red and blue through red and blue glasses. However, special glasses and training are required to view 3D images using these methods.

  In recent years, with the development of liquid crystal technology, liquid crystal displays capable of three-dimensional display without glasses have been announced one after another. Most of them are three-dimensional image display devices having only the horizontal parallax of the so-called parallax barrier method or lenticular lens method, which are image splitter type glassesless three-dimensional liquid crystal display elements. A parallax barrier type or lenticular lens type 3D image display device spatially separates and supplies the image optical path so that the right eye image can be seen from the right eye position and the left eye image can be seen from the left eye image. It will cause. Therefore, the image optical path is periodically supplied to the right eye position and the left eye position periodically in the space, and if the position is shifted, the solid is broken. Since an image including a parallax in the horizontal direction is supplied in principle, there is a problem that a solid is broken when the right eye position and the left eye position are deviated from the horizontal. Therefore, if a stereoscopic view is to be performed while maintaining a three-dimensional moving image solid for a long time, it is necessary to fix the right eye position and the left eye position at fixed positions in space.

  For the horizontal right-eye position and left-eye position deviation, there is a method in which the position of the observer's eyes or face is specified by a sensor, and the image optical path is controlled and corrected according to the deviation of the position. It has been devised. However, in this method, the apparatus becomes large, and in order to sense the position of the eye and the position of the face, there is a trouble that a marker must be attached to the observer.

In recent years, as a method for solving these problems, M.I. G. The integral photography proposed by Lippmann in 1908 was developed, and instead of the film, a three-dimensional display method using a two-dimensional display panel such as liquid crystal and a pinhole or fly-eye lens array has been proposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-275134 A

  In order to display smooth three-dimensional images with integral photography, it is necessary to arrange different parallax images in one pinhole or lens. For example, to express an image with 10 parallaxes in the horizontal and vertical directions, 100 images of 10 × 10 are required. Therefore, there is a problem that the resolution of the 2D display panel is reduced to 1/100 when the 3D display is performed.

There is a method for reducing the number of parallax images in order to prevent such a decrease in resolution. However, as the number of parallax images decreases, smooth movement of parallax disappears and stereoscopic effect decreases. Therefore, a high-resolution two-dimensional display panel is required to obtain a good three-dimensional image while maintaining the stereoscopic effect and the resolution.

  Recently, liquid crystal panels and plasma display panels have been developed, and large and high-resolution display panels have been developed. Here, it is considered that a two-dimensional display panel for displaying a three-dimensional image is realized by a 10.4 inch liquid crystal panel having a length of 158.4 mm and a width of 211.2 mm. As an example, using a pinhole or an array of convex lenses with a resolution of 1 mm, that is, a diameter of 1 mm, to achieve a three-dimensional image with 10 parallaxes and 10 parallaxes, a 10.4 inch liquid crystal panel has 1584 vertical and 211 horizontal pixels. Pixels are required, and the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal panel at this time is 254 dpi (dots / inch). However, considering that the highest resolution of a practical liquid crystal panel is about 200 dpi, it is very difficult to realize a high-quality three-dimensional image display of an integral photography system using a liquid crystal panel or a plasma display panel. is there.

  In addition, in order to use liquid crystal panels and plasma display panels for high-quality three-dimensional image display by integral photography, each lens or pinhole of the convex lens array or pinhole array is directly adjusted to the pixels of these panels. Each pixel must have a convex lens or pinhole. Conventionally, as an example of the projection type, there is a multi-projection type stereoscopic image display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-279894. However, in order to obtain a sufficient stereoscopic image by mismatching a projected image with a convex lens or a pinhole array. It ’s not there.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a three-dimensional image display device capable of displaying a three-dimensional image with high resolution and high image quality and an increased stereoscopic effect. To do.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an element image of a plurality of viewpoint images including parallax information, and an element image including the original three-dimensional object in space and the viewpoint image information from the three-dimensional object. A three-dimensional image display device comprising image forming means for performing control image formation so as to emit light, and arranging element images of viewpoint images including the parallax information arranged on a two-dimensional plane corresponding to each of the image forming means A screen for projecting and forming an elemental image including viewpoint image information is provided immediately after the means for controlling and forming light rays as means for arranging the elemental image of viewpoint image information on the two-dimensional plane. A three-dimensional image display device characterized in that a projection means is provided for projecting and forming an element image including viewpoint image information on the screen and controlling the shape of the projection image.

  According to the present invention, the resolution of three-dimensional image display is improved, the image quality is improved, and the stereoscopic effect is increased. Therefore, the purpose of realizing high resolution, high image quality, and high stereoscopic effect that cannot be achieved by conventional liquid crystal panels and plasma displays. A simple optical system spatial light modulator and imaging screen can be realized at a low cost and with a simple structure.

The present invention controls and forms an element image of a plurality of viewpoint images including parallax information so that an original three-dimensional object exists in space and an element image including viewpoint image information is emitted from the three-dimensional object. A three-dimensional image display device comprising image forming means, wherein element images of viewpoint images including parallax information arranged on a two-dimensional plane corresponding to each of the image forming means are arranged, and image information of the viewpoint on the two-dimensional plane As a means for arranging the elemental image, a screen for projecting and imaging the elemental image including the viewpoint image information is arranged immediately after the means for controlling and forming the light beam, and the viewpoint image information is included on this screen. A three-dimensional image display device characterized in that a projection means for projecting and forming an element image and controlling the shape of the projection image is provided.

  By providing projection means for controlling the shape of the projected image, distortion and shift of the projected image can be corrected, the resolution of the 3D image display is improved, the image quality is improved, and the stereoscopic effect is increased. Can be realized.

  In the present invention, a pinhole array or a convex lens array can be used as a means for controlling and imaging so that an element image including viewpoint image information is emitted. Moreover, an embossing type | mold diffusion plate, a hologram diffusion plate, and a hologram screen can be used as a screen. In order to obtain a natural three-dimensional stereoscopic image, it is preferable that the resolution of the element image including the viewpoint image information projected onto these screens is 200 dpi or more.

  Further, a transmissive liquid crystal, a reflective liquid crystal, a digital mirror device (DMD), an organic EL light emitter array, and a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be used as the projection unit. As a material for the screen, a photopolymer or dichroic gelatin can be used. Moreover, a halogen lamp, LED, white LED, and organic EL can be used as a light source of a projection means. Also, a reflective vertical alignment liquid crystal projection element can be used as the reflective liquid crystal of the projection means. Further, the screen and the means for controlling and forming the light beam can be integrated. By integrating, the structure of the projection display unit can be simplified.

(Embodiment 1)
The three-dimensional image display device of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a 3D image display apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a light source 1, a deflecting beam splitter 3, a projection device 4, a projection lens 5, an imaging screen 6, and a convex lens array 7.

  A halogen lamp can be used as the light source 1. As other light sources, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or organic electroluminescence (ELs) of each color can be used. In particular, white LEDs are optimal as an alternative to halogen lamps.

  As the projection device 4, D-ILA (Direct Drive Image Amplifier) manufactured by JVC Corporation, LSM18HDA01B1 panel manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., or the like can be used.

  As the imaging screen 6, a hologram screen can be adopted, and in addition, an embossed diffusion plate and a hologram diffusion plate can be used.

In FIG. 1, after the light 2 emitted from the light source 1 is incident on the polarization beam splitter 3, only the S wave is reflected at the interface of the polarization beam splitter 3, and serves as projection means for controlling the shape of the projection image. The light enters the projection device 4. The S wave incident on the projection device 4 is modulated by projection image information inside the projection device 4 and image information is added. At this time, light that is not modulated is reflected as an S wave and returns to the light source 1 through a path opposite to that at the time of incidence, so that the light is not emitted and is in a black state. On the other hand, the modulated S-wave is converted into light containing a P-wave component according to the degree of modulation, passes through the polarization beam splitter 3, is projected onto the imaging screen 6 through the projection lens 5, and the projected image is imaged. Is done. Since the formed projected image is an integral photography ray-trace image, a three-dimensional image 8 can be formed in space through the convex lens array 7.

  Here, the integral photography method will be described in detail. FIG. 2 shows the principle of the integral photography system. Integral photography G. Proposed in 1908 by Lippmann. M.M. G. Integral photography by Lippmann uses a fly-eye convex lens array 11 to place a film at the focal point of the fly-eye convex lens array 11 and display an image of each fly-eye convex lens on the surface of the film. Record. Then, at the time of reproduction, the stereoscopic image is reproduced by using the same fly-eye convex lens array 11 as that at the time of photographing the image for each fly-like convex lens recorded on the film. As shown in FIG. 2, when the display element 10 for displaying the reproduction element image 9 is displayed in correspondence with each convex lens 12 of the fly-eye convex lens array 11, the reproduction element image 9 is transmitted through the convex lens 12. The image is formed at an image formation point 13 corresponding to the pixel position on the image surface. Therefore, since the light beam 14 is actually generated from the image forming point 13 and enters the observer's pupil 15, the three-dimensional reproduced image 16 having a stereoscopic effect is reproduced. Since the three-dimensional reconstructed image 16 actually has the image formation point 13 in space, it is possible to stably view the three-dimensional reconstructed image 16 having a three-dimensional effect regardless of changing the angle or moving the eye position. I can do it.

  In Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the convex lens 12 having a diameter of 1.5 mm was used. The resolution of the projected image projected onto the imaging screen 6 was 200 dpi. Thereby, the reproduction element image 9 of one lens is composed of an image of 10 × 10 pixels, and a smooth three-dimensional stereoscopic image with 10 visual fields each in the horizontal and vertical directions can be reproduced. However, when the resolution of the formed projected image is 200 dpi or less, it is difficult to obtain a natural stereoscopic reproduction image. Therefore, it is effective to reproduce the reproduction element image 9 having a resolution of 200 to 700 dpi with a lens of 1.5 mm or less in order to obtain as natural a three-dimensional stereoscopic image as possible, although it is a trade-off with data processing time.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a projecting unit for controlling deformation of the shape of the projected image according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when a projected image is projected onto the screen 6 through the projection lens 5, it is normally displayed as distorted projected images 17 a, 17 b, and 17 c and input to the convex lens array 7. When the projection image is distorted in this way, the alignment between the convex lens 12 of the convex lens array 7 and the reproduction element image 9 does not match, and the image quality of the three-dimensional reproduction image 16 is degraded. In order to correct this distortion, the actual projection range is set to be smaller than the number of pixels of the projection device 4 in advance, the distorted portion is corrected and projected so that the alignment with the arrangement of the lens array 7 matches, By obtaining the corrected projection image 18, it is possible to reproduce a high-resolution and high-quality stereoscopic image.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when there is no distortion but the arrangement of the convex lens array 7 and the arrangement of the reproduction element image 9 are spatially shifted, the projection images 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are shifted. In addition, the actual projection range is set to be smaller than the number of pixels of the projection device 4 in advance, and the shifted portion is corrected in the direction opposite to the shifting direction, so that the arrangement of the convex lens array 7 and the arrangement are matched. It is possible to reproduce a high-resolution and high-quality three-dimensional image by projecting the image onto the screen and obtaining a shift-corrected projection image 20.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the light emitted from the light source 1 is collected by the condenser lens 21 and enters the projection device 4 as projection means for controlling the shape of the projection image. A transmissive liquid crystal can be used as the projection device 4. The light incident on the projection device 4 is modulated by the projection image information inside the projection device 4 and added with the image information. The modulated light passes through the projection lens 5, changes the projection angle by the prism 22, and is projected onto the imaging screen 6 to form a projection image. Since the formed projected image is an integral photography ray-trace image, a three-dimensional image 8 can be formed in space through the convex lens array 7. In this configuration, since the projection plane is changed by passing through the prism 22, the degree of freedom in designing the three-dimensional reproduction apparatus can be increased.

  As the light source 1, a white LED is used. As other light sources, LEDs of various colors, organic EL, and halogen lamps can be used. As the screen 7, a hologram diffusion plate is adopted. As the other screen 7, an embossed diffusion plate or a hologram screen can be used. A convex lens 12 having a diameter of 1.5 mm was used in the same manner as in Example 1. The resolution of the projected image projected onto the imaging screen 6 was 200 dpi. As a result, the reproduction element image 9 of one lens is composed of an image of 10 × 10 pixels, and a smooth three-dimensional stereoscopic image having 10 visual fields each in the horizontal and vertical directions can be reproduced. When the resolution of the formed projection image is 200 dpi or less, it becomes difficult to obtain a natural three-dimensional reproduction image. Although it is a trade-off with data processing time, it is effective to reproduce the reproduction element image 9 having a resolution of 200 to 700 dpi with a lens of 1.5 mm or less in order to obtain as natural a three-dimensional stereoscopic image as possible.

  Also in this embodiment, the distortion and shift of the projected image are corrected in the same manner as in the first embodiment. As a result, it is possible to reproduce a high-resolution and high-quality stereoscopic image.

  The three-dimensional image display device of the present invention includes a video technology field, an amusement field, an entertainment field, an Internet field, an information field, a multimedia field, a communication field, an advertisement / advertisement field, a medical field, an art field, an education field, and a design support field. It can be used as a three-dimensional display and stereoscopic image reproduction device used in the simulation field, virtual reality field, and the like.

The figure explaining the three-dimensional image display apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. Diagram explaining the principle of integral photography Explanatory drawing of the projection means for carrying out deformation control of the shape of the projection image of this invention Explanatory drawing of the projection means for carrying out shift control of the shape of the projection image of this invention Explanatory drawing which shows the three-dimensional image display apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light source 2 Light emitted from the light source 3 Polarization beam splitter 4 Projection device 5 Projection lens 6 Imaging screen 7 Convex lens array 8 Three-dimensional image 9 Reproduction element image 10 Display element 11 Fly-shaped convex lens array 12 Convex lens 13 Imaging Point 14 Ray 15 Observer's pupil 16 Three-dimensional reconstructed image 17a Distorted projection image 17b Distorted projection image 17c Distorted projection image 18 Distortion corrected projection image 19a Shifted projection image 19b Shifted projection image 19c Shifted projection image 19d Shifted projection image 20 Shift-corrected projection image 21 Condenser lens 22 Prism

Claims (20)

Imaging means for controlling and imaging element images of a plurality of viewpoint images including parallax information so that the original three-dimensional object exists in space and an element image including viewpoint image information is emitted from the three-dimensional object. A three-dimensional image display device in which element images of viewpoint images including the parallax information arranged in a two-dimensional plane corresponding to each of the imaging means are arranged, and the viewpoint image information is displayed in the two-dimensional plane. As a means for arranging the element image, a screen for projecting and forming an element image including the viewpoint image information is arranged immediately after the means for controlling and forming the light beam, and the element including the viewpoint image information is arranged on this screen. A three-dimensional image display device comprising a projection means for projecting and forming an image and controlling the shape of the projection image. 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a pinhole array is used as means for controlling and imaging so that an element image including image information of the viewpoint is emitted. 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a convex lens array is used as means for controlling and imaging so that an element image including image information of the viewpoint is emitted. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein an embossed diffusion plate is used as the screen. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a hologram diffusion plate is used as the screen. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a hologram screen is used as the screen. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a resolution of an element image including image information of a viewpoint projected onto the screen is 200 dpi or more. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a transmissive liquid crystal is used as the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a reflective liquid crystal is used as the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a digital mirror device (DMD) is used as the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein an organic EL light emitter array is used as the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used as the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the screen is a photopolymer. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the screen is dichroic gelatin. 2. A three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a halogen lamp is used as a light source of the projection means. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an LED is used as a light source of the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a white LED is used as a light source of the projection unit. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an organic EL is used as a light source of the projection unit. 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein a reflective vertical alignment liquid crystal projection element is used as the reflective liquid crystal of the projection means. 2. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the screen and means for controlling and imaging the light beam are integrated.

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