JP2006095834A - Method for reading information - Google Patents
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- JP2006095834A JP2006095834A JP2004283993A JP2004283993A JP2006095834A JP 2006095834 A JP2006095834 A JP 2006095834A JP 2004283993 A JP2004283993 A JP 2004283993A JP 2004283993 A JP2004283993 A JP 2004283993A JP 2006095834 A JP2006095834 A JP 2006095834A
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Description
本発明は、光散乱による特定な光散乱体を用いて情報読み取る方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of reading information using a specific light scatterer by light scattering.
従来から、フーリエ変換ホログラム等のホログラフィックな撮影手法を用いて記録され、ビーム上の光により空間的に投影された情報を読みとることができる情報記録媒体は知られている。しかし、このような光情報記録媒体はの多くは、全体で一つの情報を記録したものであり、複数の情報の再生はできなかった。また、光情報記録媒体に対する再生用ビームの入射角度・方向はホログラム記録時の参照光のそれに対応した条件に限定されていた。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an information recording medium is known that can read information recorded using a holographic imaging method such as a Fourier transform hologram and spatially projected by light on a beam. However, many of such optical information recording media record one piece of information as a whole, and a plurality of pieces of information cannot be reproduced. Further, the incident angle and direction of the reproducing beam with respect to the optical information recording medium are limited to conditions corresponding to those of the reference light at the time of hologram recording.
一方、干渉縞データをコンピュータ等で計算して形成してなる計算機ホログラムの手法により同様の効果を持つ光情報記録媒体も知られている。しかし、これに関しても、前述の撮影手法に準じた光情報記録媒体を作製することしか行われていなかった。 On the other hand, there is also known an optical information recording medium having the same effect by a computer generated hologram method formed by calculating interference fringe data with a computer or the like. However, also in this regard, only an optical information recording medium according to the above-described photographing method has been manufactured.
以上のような従来技術では、情報が単純に再生できるため、偽造・模造も容易となりセキュリティ性に問題を残すことになる。また、単位面積当たりの情報量も増やすことができなかった。 In the conventional technology as described above, since information can be simply reproduced, forgery and imitation are facilitated, and a problem remains in security. Also, the amount of information per unit area could not be increased.
一方、情報記録用途にあらず、ホログラムや回折格子を用いて画像等を表示する表示体は知られている。これらの表示体は、貼付した商品（例えば、クレジットカードや商品券）の修飾性及びセキュリティ性を向上する効果があり、偽造・模造の防止に役立ってきた。しかし、ホログラムや回折格子に対しても、さらなるセキュリティ性の向上が望まれている。 On the other hand, a display body that is not used for information recording and displays an image or the like using a hologram or a diffraction grating is known. These displays have the effect of improving the qualification and security of pasted products (for example, credit cards and gift certificates), and have been useful for preventing counterfeiting and counterfeiting. However, further improvements in security are desired for holograms and diffraction gratings.
以下に特許文献を記す。
このため、表示体の作製方法を複雑にして、偽造や模造を困難にする方法が考えられている。一例として、コヒーレント光の二光束干渉を利用して、基板の表面に回折格子からなる複数の微少なセル（ドット）を配置し、回折格子からなるパターンからなるディスプレイ（以下、用語「ディスプレイ」や「表示体」を混合して用いることもある）を得る方法がある。（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）
これらの方法は、２本のレーザービームを感光材料上で交差させ、セル単位で露光することにより、双方のレーザービームを干渉させて、各セルに形成される微少な干渉縞からなる回折格子を、その空間周波数・方向・光強度を適宜変化させながら次々と露光記録し、回折格子セルの集まりからなるパターンを作製する方法である。作製されたパターンの観察時には、前記空間周波数は見える色に、前記方向は見える方向に、それぞれ関係する。また、露光の際の光強度は、干渉縞の深さ等を変更することになり、観察時の明るさと関係することになる。
For this reason, a method for complicating a method for manufacturing a display body and making forgery or imitation difficult has been considered. As an example, using a two-beam interference of coherent light, a plurality of minute cells (dots) made of a diffraction grating are arranged on the surface of a substrate, and a display made of a pattern made of a diffraction grating (hereinafter referred to as the term “display” There is a method of obtaining “a display body” in some cases. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3)
In these methods, two laser beams are crossed on a photosensitive material and exposed in units of cells so that both laser beams interfere with each other to form a diffraction grating composed of minute interference fringes formed in each cell. In this method, exposure patterns are recorded one after another while appropriately changing the spatial frequency, direction, and light intensity, and a pattern composed of a collection of diffraction grating cells is produced. When observing the produced pattern, the spatial frequency is related to the visible color, and the direction is related to the visible direction. Further, the light intensity at the time of exposure changes the depth of interference fringes and the like, and is related to the brightness at the time of observation.
回折格子パターンの作製方法は、上記の二光束干渉を用いた方法に限定されるものではなく、電子線（エレクトロン・ビーム＝ＥＢ）により、基板の表面に回折格子を直接描画し、回折格子セルを配置する方法を採用しても良い。このような方法では、回折格子を構成する格子線は直線に限らず、曲線を用いることもできるが、何れにしろ単純な格子線を並べて構成されていることに変わりはない。これらの様な単純な回折格子からなるセルでは、ビーム状の証明光が入射した場合にビーム状や発散光状などの比較的単純な性質を持つ１次回折光が生成できる。（特許文献４参照）
また、光散乱に基づいて表示されるパターンは、通常、基材の表面を凹凸形状に加工することで表現される。その加工方法としては、エッチングによる方法やＥＢ描画装置により凹凸を形成する方法がある。
The method for producing the diffraction grating pattern is not limited to the above-described method using two-beam interference, and the diffraction grating cell is directly drawn on the surface of the substrate by an electron beam (electron beam = EB). You may employ | adopt the method of arrange | positioning. In such a method, the grating line constituting the diffraction grating is not limited to a straight line, and a curved line can be used, but in any case, a simple grating line is arranged. In a cell composed of such simple diffraction gratings, first-order diffracted light having relatively simple properties such as a beam shape or a divergent light shape can be generated when a beam-shaped proof light is incident. (See Patent Document 4)
Moreover, the pattern displayed based on light scattering is normally expressed by processing the surface of a base material into uneven | corrugated shape. As the processing method, there are a method by etching and a method of forming irregularities by an EB drawing apparatus.
本発明の目的は、光散乱による特定な光散乱体を用いて、情報を読み取ることで、同一であること或いは真正であることを確実に識別することである。 It is an object of the present invention to reliably identify identity or authenticity by reading information using a specific light scatterer by light scattering.
上記目的を達成するためになされた本発明は、
請求項１記載の発明は、表面に形成した凹部または凸部を光散乱要素として、入射光について光散乱を生じせしめる光散乱体を情報記録部とする情報読み取り方法において、
光散乱要素に対し、特定角度を成す少なくとも二つの入射光を同時に、或いは別々に照射し、それら各々の散乱光の強弱を識別情報として読み取ることを特徴とする情報読み取り方法である。
The present invention made to achieve the above object
The invention according to claim 1 is an information reading method in which a light scatterer that causes light scattering with respect to incident light is used as an information recording portion, with a concave portion or a convex portion formed on the surface as a light scattering element.
An information reading method is characterized in that at least two incident lights having a specific angle are irradiated simultaneously or separately on a light scattering element, and the intensity of each scattered light is read as identification information.
請求項２記載の発明は、前記特定角度が、光散乱体が形成された平面の法線と成す角度の異なる複数の角度を用いることを特徴とする請求項１記載の情報読み取り方法である。 The invention according to claim 2 is the information reading method according to claim 1, wherein the specific angle uses a plurality of angles different from the normal line of the plane on which the light scatterer is formed.
請求項３記載の発明は、前記特定角度が、光散乱体が形成された平面の法線を軸として方位角の異なる複数の角度を用いることを特徴とする請求項１記載の情報読み取り方法である。 The invention according to claim 3 is the information reading method according to claim 1, wherein the specific angle uses a plurality of angles having different azimuth angles with respect to a normal line of a plane on which the light scatterer is formed. is there.
請求項４記載の発明は、散乱光を読み取る方向が光散乱体の形成された平面に略垂直な方向であることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の情報読み取り方法である。 4. The information reading method according to claim 1, wherein the direction in which the scattered light is read is a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane on which the light scatterer is formed. It is.
請求項５記載の発明は、散乱光を読み取る方向が予め決められた方向であり、それぞれの入射光を切り換えて入射させ、それぞれの散乱光を読み取ることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の情報読み取り方法である。 The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the direction in which the scattered light is read is a predetermined direction, and each incident light is switched and incident to read each scattered light. Or the information reading method according to item 1.
本発明によれば、光散乱体における光散乱要素に対し、特定角度を成す少なくとも二つの入射光を照射することで、各々の散乱光を読み取る方向によって、読み取り情報を識別できるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to identify read information according to the direction in which each scattered light is read by irradiating the light scattering element in the light scatterer with at least two incident lights having a specific angle.
本発明では、光散乱体を構成する光散乱要素により散乱される光の広がりは、光散乱要素を開口として回折現象を扱うことにより得られる回折光の分布と等しいと見なせる。従って、光散乱要素の大きさが大きければ散乱光は広がらず、大きさが小さければ散乱光は広がることとなる。 In the present invention, the spread of light scattered by the light scattering element constituting the light scatterer can be regarded as equal to the distribution of diffracted light obtained by handling the diffraction phenomenon with the light scattering element as an aperture. Therefore, if the size of the light scattering element is large, the scattered light does not spread, and if the size is small, the scattered light spreads.
光散乱要素の大きさの範囲は、０．５μｍ以上有ることが望ましい。これは、光散乱要素の大きさが１μｍ程度の時に、０．５μｍの差が有れば最小の大きさの光散乱要素の散乱光強度分布の極小位置と、別の大きさの光散乱要素の極大の位置が重複する条件が含まれることになるためである。 The range of the size of the light scattering element is desirably 0.5 μm or more. This is because when the size of the light scattering element is about 1 μm, if there is a difference of 0.5 μm, the minimum position of the scattered light intensity distribution of the light scattering element of the minimum size and the light scattering element of another size This is because a condition in which the positions of local maxima overlap is included.
また、光散乱体による散乱光の強度は、光散乱体内にある光散乱要素の密度、もしくは光散乱体の凹凸の深さにより変化させることができる。 Further, the intensity of the scattered light by the light scatterer can be changed by the density of the light scattering elements in the light scatterer or the depth of the irregularities of the light scatterer.
上記の原理に基づいて、光散乱パターンの構成単位として、図１に示す散乱体において、表面に形成する凹部または凸部を光散乱要素とする際、大きさの異なる複数の前記光散乱要素をランダムに配列した散乱体を用いた情報読み取り結果を説明する。 Based on the above principle, when a concave or convex portion formed on the surface is used as a light scattering element in the scatterer shown in FIG. Information reading results using randomly arranged scatterers will be described.
具体的に、１０×２μｍ、５×２μｍ、２×２μｍの矩形開口に、６３３ｎｍの波長の光が入射した場合の光強度分布について試算した結果を、図２〜図４のグラフに示す。
図２は、１０×２μｍの矩形開口に、６３３ｎｍの波長の光が、それぞれ入射した場合、正反射光の光強度に対する相対光強度を射出角度について示したグラフである。図３は、５×２μｍの矩形開口に、４８８ｎｍの波長の光が、それぞれ入射した場合、正反射光の光強度に対する相対光強度を射出角度について示したグラフである。図４は、２×２μｍの矩形開口に、６３３ｎｍの波長の光が、それぞれ入射した場合、正反射光の光強度に対する相対光強度を射出角度について示したグラフである。これらのグラフでは、正反射光の角度を０度とし、プラス側の角度について光強度分布を示している（マイナス側は対称形）。
Specifically, the graphs of FIGS. 2 to 4 show the results of trial calculation of the light intensity distribution when light having a wavelength of 633 nm is incident on a rectangular opening of 10 × 2 μm, 5 × 2 μm, and 2 × 2 μm.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative light intensity with respect to the light intensity of the specularly reflected light with respect to the emission angle when light having a wavelength of 633 nm is incident on a 10 × 2 μm rectangular opening. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relative light intensity with respect to the light intensity of the specularly reflected light with respect to the emission angle when light having a wavelength of 488 nm is incident on a 5 × 2 μm rectangular opening. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relative light intensity with respect to the light intensity of the specularly reflected light with respect to the emission angle when light having a wavelength of 633 nm is incident on a rectangular opening of 2 × 2 μm. In these graphs, the angle of specular reflection light is 0 degree, and the light intensity distribution is shown for the plus side angle (the minus side is symmetrical).
本発明は、例えば免許証及びパスポート等に光散乱体を搭載し、真正の確実な識別及び証明することが可能な偽造防止性に優れた情報読み取り方法への応用が挙げられる。 The present invention may be applied to an information reading method excellent in anti-counterfeiting ability, for example, by mounting a light scatterer on a driver's license, passport, or the like and authenticating and authenticating authenticity.
Claims (5)
光散乱要素に対し、特定角度を成す少なくとも二つの入射光を同時に、或いは別々に照射し、それら各々の散乱光の強弱を識別情報として読み取ることを特徴とする情報読み取り方法。 In the information reading method in which the concave portion or the convex portion formed on the surface is a light scattering element, and the light scatterer that causes light scattering with respect to incident light is used as the information recording portion,
An information reading method characterized by irradiating at least two incident lights having a specific angle simultaneously or separately on a light scattering element, and reading the intensity of each scattered light as identification information.
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| JP2000235636A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-08-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Information medium using defect information |
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| JP2000235636A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-08-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Information medium using defect information |
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