JP2006087543A - Fire protection structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire protection structure capable of securing an evacuation path by delaying a fire spreading time in case of fire without substantially increasing the specification of the structural member of a building such as a wall. <P>SOLUTION: A fire-retardant heat blocking material 2 arranged along a vertical partitioning member 1 and blocking the radiation heat and the convection heat from fire for a predetermined time is arranged at the time of the fire in the upper portion of a vertical partitioning member 1 of the building. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a fireproof structure for obtaining desired fireproof performance in a building during a fire.

  In general, in various office buildings and apartment buildings that accommodate a large number of residents, in order to prevent the spread of fire spread in the event of a fire and to secure an evacuation passage, a fire prevention section is provided for each fixed area by law. It is obligatory.

  By the way, conventionally as this kind of fire prevention section, by using a member having a predetermined heat shielding property, flame shielding property and smoke shielding property as a structural member such as a wall, or by separately installing a closed type fire prevention device, The one that always constitutes the fire prevention section and the one that is stored at all times and operates in the event of a fire and constitutes the fire prevention section, such as fire prevention shutters and fire alarm-linked fire prevention equipment, are employed.

  Of these, a member having a predetermined fire resistance, which constitutes a structural member such as a wall, needs to have fire resistance such as heat insulation in addition to the original performance such as sound insulation and self-standing. is there. For this reason, for example, the thickness of concrete increases, the installation of gypsum board is doubled, or steel meshed glass is required as a window glass, the door becomes a steel door, etc. However, there was a problem that the cost was significantly improved and the economy was inferior.

On the other hand, as a fireproof shutter that operates in the event of a fire and constitutes a fireproof section, for example, a fireproof and smoke screen shutter as described in Patent Document 1 is known.
This shutter has a non-flammable or fireproof structure in which a weight is attached to the lower end portion and wound around a winding device installed on a ceiling portion, and is drawn out from the winding device to partition the interior space of the building so as to be freely opened and closed. A plurality of flexible screen membranes, and fire and smoke screen shutters formed in a series by sequentially overlapping the left and right end portions of adjacent screen membranes, each of the left and right end portions of the screen membrane. A non-flammable or fireproof flexible tension tape having a lower end connected to the weight is provided along with a tension smaller than the weight of the weight.

According to the fire and smoke / screen shutter having the above-described configuration, the weight provided at the lower end can maintain the shape of the entire shutter at the time of shielding, thereby partitioning the internal space of the building.
At this time, the right and left end portions of the screen film can be held in tension by the tension of the tension tape, and it is possible to prevent air gaps between them and maintain airtightness. is there.
JP 2000-334056 A

  However, in the screen shutter for fire and smoke prevention, the interior space of the building is partitioned by the screen film itself, so that the heat insulation, flame insulation and smoke insulation required for fire prevention performance are exhibited. In addition, it is necessary to use a material corresponding to a desired fireproof time, resulting in a problem that the installation cost increases.

  Also, when a fire breaks out, a heavy weight is required to prevent the flexible screen film from being beaten or opened by the pressure difference generated on both sides of the building space partitioned by the shutter. There is also the problem of becoming.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a fire-proof structure capable of securing an evacuation passage by delaying the fire spread time in a fire without significantly increasing the specifications of a vertical partition member of a building such as a wall It is a problem to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is arranged in a vertical partition member of a building along the vertical partition member at the time of a fire to block radiant heat and convection heat from a flame for a certain period of time. In addition, a flame-retardant or non-flammable heat shielding material is provided.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the vertical partition member according to claim 1 is a wall, window or door in a fire prevention compartment, and the invention according to claim 3 is further provided. The heat-shielding material according to claim 1 or 2 is made of one or more non-combustible materials or a laminate of non-combustible materials and heat insulating materials, and is itself shaped when suspended along the vertical partition member. It has a holding property.

Even with vertical partitioning members such as walls that use normal-spec components, the desired performance can be achieved without changing the specifications of the fireproof performance. You can expect to get.
And in invention of any one of Claims 1-3, it is flame-retardant or nonflammable which is arrange | positioned along the said vertical partition member at the time of a fire, and interrupts | blocks the radiant heat and convective heat from a flame for a fixed time Since the heat shield is provided, the heat shield and the flame shield for a certain time can be obtained by the heat shield.

  As a result, it is possible to extend the fire spreading time of the fire to the vertical partition member by the heat shielding material and to secure a desired evacuation time, and thus, without significantly increasing the specifications of the vertical partition member, The evacuation passage at the time can be secured. At this time, since the heat shielding material is not required to have a smoke shielding property, a weight and a seal structure like a conventional shutter are not necessary, and the structure is simple.

Here, the invention described in claim 1 is preferably applied to a wall, a window, or a door in a fire prevention compartment, as in the invention described in claim 2.
Further, as the heat shield material, according to the heat shield extension time required for the structure of the building, as in the invention according to claim 3, one or more non-combustible materials or this non-flammable material is appropriately used as a heat insulating material. It can be comprised by the laminated material laminated | stacked on the single side | surface or both surfaces.

  In addition, when the heat shield is suspended along the vertical partition member, if it has a shape retaining property by itself, the peripheral portion such as a guide rail for maintaining the shape can be separately processed. This is preferable because it is unnecessary and can surely obtain a heat shielding effect on the vertical partition member for a certain period of time.

1 to 4 show an embodiment of a fire prevention structure of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, this fire prevention structure is arranged along the walls 1 in the event of a fire above the wall (vertical partition member) 1 of the living room 10 that defines a part of the fire prevention section of the building. The heat-shielding material 2 to be provided is provided.
Here, the heat shield 2 is stored in the upper part of the wall 1 in normal times.

  As such a storage structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), it is wound up in a roll shape by a winding device 3 provided on the top of the wall 1, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the storage is performed. A structure in which the box 4 is housed in a bellows shape, or a structure in which it is pulled and housed along the upper part and the side part by a fastening metal fitting 5 provided at the upper corner of the wall 1 as shown in FIG. Is possible. By the way, the heat shield 2 is arranged along the wall 1 in the event of a fire in conjunction with a fire detector or manually operated by a fire finder.

  The heat shield 2 is disposed along the wall 1 in the event of a fire and blocks radiant heat and convection heat from the flame for a certain period of time, and has flame retardancy, more preferably nonflammability. The material 2a has a shape retaining property by itself.

  Examples of such a material 2a include glass fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric coated with vinyl chloride resin or vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin, glass fiber fabric coated with fluorine, fluorine coated glass fiber fabric, carbon A fiber woven fabric, an alumina silica fiber woven fabric, an incombustible sheet obtained by coating acrylic fiber with a flame retardant silicone resin, a heat-resistant fiber woven fabric obtained by baking and carbonizing a special acrylic resin, or a non-combustible paper with an aluminum foil applied thereto can be applied.

  Moreover, when the heat insulation extension time longer than the said heat insulation material 2 is requested | required on the structure of a building, it replaces with the heat insulation material 2, and as shown to FIG. It is possible to use a heat shield 7 in which the material 2a is integrated on one side, or a heat shield 8 in which the material 2a is integrated on both sides of the heat insulating material 6, as shown in FIG.

Here, as the heat insulating material 6, ceramic hollow such as alumina silica (Al ₂ O ₃ · SiO ₂ ), non-combustible nonwoven fabric or cloth molded from glass wool or rock wool, or a micro hollow vacuum glass sphere on the non-combustible nonwoven fabric. Mixtures can be used.

  The operation of the fire prevention structure having the above configuration will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the structural member such as the wall 1 of the living room 10 is originally designed to have the same specifications as those of other general sections, such as sound insulation and self-supporting. In the case of being constituted by members having only the above performance, when the fire is generated from the living room 10 as shown in FIGS. The cracks or the like occur in the corridor 14 and smoke or flame flows into the corridor 14 side, or the wall 1 itself burns down and spreads to the corridor 14. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the occupant in the adjacent room 11 only blocks the evacuation path 13 in the direction opposite to the room 10 indicated by the solid line in the figure because the evacuation path 12 indicated by the dotted line in the figure is blocked. I have to rely on.

  On the other hand, in the fire prevention structure shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 4A, it is difficult to block the radiant heat and convection heat from the flame for a certain period of time by being arranged along the wall 1 at the time of fire. Since the flammable heat shielding material 2 (7, 8) is provided, as shown in FIG. 5B, the heat shielding material 2 (7, 8) is insulated and flame proof for a certain period of time when a fire occurs. To demonstrate. As a result, the wall 1 is prevented from being directly exposed to the flame, so that a crack or the like occurs in the wall 1 and the time for smoke or the like to flow into the hallway 14 is delayed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, after the heat shield 2 (7, 8) is burned out, the wall 1 prevents the fire from spreading further for a certain period of time. As a result, it is possible to extend the time until the fire finally spreads to the wall 1 and burns it out, thereby ensuring a desired evacuation time.
Thus, according to the fire prevention structure, the evacuation passage 12 using the corridor 14 in the event of a fire shown in FIG. 2 can be secured without significantly increasing the specifications of the vertical partition members such as the wall 1. it can.

In the above embodiment, only the case where the heat shield 2 is provided along the wall 1 as a structural member has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various verticals such as a partition wall, a sleeve wall, and a window are used. It can be applied to a partition member.
Further, the form of disposing the heat shield 2 along the wall 1 that is a vertical partition member is not limited to the case where the heat shield 2 is suspended from the top of the wall 1 as shown in FIG. For example, a rail may be provided horizontally along the upper portion of the wall 1 and the heat shield 2 may be provided on the rail in a curtain shape so that the heat shield 2 may be pulled out in the horizontal direction in the event of a fire.

  Further, the material 2a and the heat insulating material 6 constituting the heat shielding material 2 are not limited to those exemplified in the present embodiment. For example, a coolant using heat absorption by the hydrolysis reaction of ammonium nitrate and urea, calcium carbonate 800 ° C ~ Various flame-retardant materials that exhibit positive heat insulation such as coolant using endothermic reaction at 900 ° C or coolant using heat absorption by dissociation reaction of crystallization water of aluminum hydroxide at 200 ° C or higher Can be used.

(Example)
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, an experiment was conducted to confirm the difference in the heat resistance effect between the case where the heat shield was not provided along the wall and the case where the heat shield was provided.
First, as a wall, two 12.5 mm thick ordinary plaster boards (1310 mm x 1310 mm) integrated with light iron studs (65 mm x 65 mm square steel pipe) provided as an aggregate are used. It was.

Next, assuming the case of a fire, measure the temperature of the back side of the other gypsum board at 30-second intervals while heating with a flame from the front side of one gypsum board without providing a heat shield. did. This experiment was performed twice.
Next, a similar experiment was performed with a heat shield provided along the wall. The heat shielding material used in this experiment was a silica fiber sheet having a thickness of 0.64 mm, and was disposed so as to cover the entire surface of the gypsum board at a position 12.5 mm away from the gypsum board.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the back surface temperature of the gypsum board and time when no heat shield is provided (first and second times) and when a heat shield is provided.
As seen in the figure, the time when the back side temperature of the gypsum board reached 160 ° C, which is the allowable temperature for heat insulation of the fireproof structure, was delayed by 8-10 minutes by installing the heat shield. Was confirmed.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the thermal insulation material used for one Embodiment of the fire prevention structure of this invention, and its modification. It is a top view which shows the said fire prevention structure. (A) is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the wall vicinity of FIG. 2, (b), The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a modification, (c) is a side view which shows another modification. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the effect | action of the said fire prevention structure with time. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an effect | action when a heat shield is not provided in the said fire prevention structure with time. It is an experimental result for verifying the effect of this invention, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the relationship between the back surface side temperature of gypsum board, and time passage.

Explanation of symbols

1 wall (vertical partition)
2, 7, 8 Heat shield 2a Flame-retardant or non-flammable material 3 Winding device 4 Storage box 5 Fastening bracket 6 Heat insulating material 12, 13 Evacuation path

Claims (3)

  The building's vertical partition member is provided with a flame-retardant or non-flammable heat shield that is arranged along the vertical partition member in the event of a fire and blocks radiant heat and convection heat from the flame for a certain period of time. Fire prevention structure.   The fire prevention structure according to claim 1, wherein the vertical partition member is a wall, a window, or a door in a fire prevention section.   The heat shield is made of one or more non-combustible materials or a laminate of non-combustible materials and a heat insulating material, and has a shape-retaining property when suspended along the vertical partition member. The fireproof structure according to claim 1 or 2

Images