JP2006055532A - Operation analysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost device which detects, analyses and records body swaying at the time of rest and exercise, and at the same time, can perform rehabilitation. <P>SOLUTION: This device is equipped with a sensor unit for detecting a posture angle and composed of sensors for detecting a rotation angular velocity, an acceleration, an inclination and an orientation, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a distance detection part constituted of a control circuit for controlling the ultrasonic transmitter and the receiver, an arithmetic processing unit of detected data, a display part, and a fixing device for fixing the sensor unit to an examinee. Thus, a small-sized, lightweighted and low-cost walk testing device which can be simply installed and moved can be realized. An exercise function can also be measured depending on the number of sensors and installation sections. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a motion analysis apparatus that analyzes and records voluntary or involuntary movements by comprehensively measuring, analyzing, and recording information on positions and movements of each part of the body of a subject. More particularly, the present invention relates to a motion analysis apparatus used for measuring and recording a motion state of a subject by a combination of posture angle and movement distance, and performing medical diagnosis such as identification of a disease or a part.

  The ability of humans to walk in a biped upright posture with a normal sense of balance is achieved through precise coordination of the whole body's skeleton, muscles, sensory organs, and brain. When some or a plurality of these parts are abnormal due to damage or disease, an effect corresponding to the part appears in the posture or walking state. That is, by measuring and analyzing the state of body balance, the upright posture, and the state of walking, the diseased part and the etiology can be distinguished, and the degree of healing and the course of the disease can be observed.

Conventionally, a center-of-gravity sway meter is known as an apparatus that analyzes the sense of balance of a patient using this relationship. This is composed of a measurement table on which a subject rides, and a computing device such as a personal computer or a dedicated controller that receives signals from the measurement table and performs calculation and analysis. The measuring table is provided with legs that come into contact with the floor near the apexes of a triangular plate, and a strain gauge that outputs its own expansion and contraction as an electrical signal is built in the legs.
Then, the subject is placed on the measurement table and the center-of-gravity sway is measured in an upright posture at a predetermined position. An electric signal from each strain gauge is taken in by an arithmetic device and calculated to calculate the position of the center of gravity of the subject. In addition, it is possible to obtain the center of gravity fluctuation trajectory by continuously recording the center of gravity position. However, this apparatus can only obtain upright data, and the types of diseases that can be used are limited.

Whereas the center of gravity shake meter measures body shake at a fixed position, the gait inspection device measures body shake during movement that appears during walking. This gait test is used for diagnosing the degree of disability of the balance dysfunction in the Welfare Law for the Disabled. Specific examples include peripheral labyrinth imbalance, posterior maze and cerebellar imbalance, trauma or drug imbalance, and central imbalance.
By combining this gait inspection device and the sway meter, it is possible to expand the diagnosis target and improve the accuracy. As a method for detecting the walking state of the subject, a method using image analysis using a CCD camera, a method for detecting movement of the foot by applying infrared rays or ultrasonic waves to the subject's foot, and the like have been proposed.

However, in these methods, the installation accuracy of the camera, the light source, etc. greatly affects the accuracy of the detection result. Therefore, a dedicated mounting part, a mount, etc. are needed. In addition, in order to detect the walking state, a virtual walking device is necessary, which ensures a sufficient space for the subject to walk in a natural posture or can reproduce the walking state without moving. Therefore, the entire detection device is enlarged. In addition, the price is in the range of millions to tens of millions. If it is limited to the ultrasonic method, it is slightly more advantageous than other methods in terms of installation accuracy and cost, but the ultrasonic wave alone is inferior in measurement accuracy and the only measurable element is the linear distance. Has a problem in that it requires complicated calculations and the error becomes larger accordingly.
JP 11-113884 A JP2003-319922A "Analysis of walking by joint moment" Yoshihiro Ehara and Sumiko Yamamoto, edited by Clinical Gait Analysis Study Group, published by Medical Dentistry (1997-07-25) "Kinematics Practice 3rd Edition", Nakamura Ryuichi, Saito Hiroshi, Nagasaki Hiroshi Edition, Medical and Dentistry Publishing (2004-03-01 publication)

  The center of gravity shake meter is intended to measure the position of the center of gravity, but for the purpose of detecting, analyzing, and recording balance disturbances, it is more reasonable to detect head sway than to use the movement of the center of gravity as an index. It is. However, there was no device for detecting head sway. Moreover, since the conventional walking inspection apparatus is large as a whole apparatus, there are various restrictions on the installation method, location, accuracy, and the like, and the price is high. Furthermore, even if the balance disturbance is detected by the center of gravity shake meter and the shake at the time of walking is detected by the walking test, there is a problem that there is no device that can immediately use this data for rehabilitation.

From such a state of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive apparatus capable of detecting, analyzing, and recording body motions at rest and during exercise, and simultaneously performing rehabilitation.
Another object of the present invention relates to learning in sports behaviors and control of the body movement from the viewpoint of kinematics, as well as rehabilitation, as well as the movement characteristics of each part of the body (relative rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration It is an object to provide an apparatus that can appropriately perform improvement such as improvement to a correct form.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a sensor that detects rotational angular velocity, acceleration, tilt, and orientation, a substrate that includes wiring that fixes and electrically connects the sensor, the sensor, and the substrate. One or a plurality of posture angle detection sensor units configured with a housing for storing the ultrasonic wave, one or a plurality of transmitters for transmitting ultrasonic waves, one or a plurality of receivers for receiving the ultrasonic waves, A distance detection unit configured by a control circuit that controls the ultrasonic transmitter and the receiver, and a storage unit that connects the sensor unit and the distance detection unit and performs arithmetic processing, processing, and recording of the detected data. A calculation unit, a display unit for displaying a calculation result, the posture angle detection sensor unit and the calculation unit, a connection unit for connecting the calculation unit and the display unit by wire or wireless, and a subject. It is characterized in further comprising a fixing device for fixing the serial unit.

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a small, lightweight, and low-cost walking inspection apparatus that does not use a conventional large-sized and high-cost apparatus and that is easy to install and move.
It can be understood at the same time that the motor function can be measured by the number of sensors and the installation site of the apparatus.

According to the present invention, it is possible to collect all data of body sway at rest and during exercise. Currently, of the tests related to the balance function performed in the medical field, particularly in the otolaryngology field, all tests using the body sway as an index are possible with the present invention. In addition, for gait tests performed mainly in otolaryngology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation departments, an inspection device with high cost performance can be realized by the present invention.
In addition, from the viewpoint of sports medicine and exercise science, measurement with a light and appropriate sensor can realize appropriate measurement under extremely light load conditions from the viewpoint of original exercise science and sports behavior.

In the motion analysis apparatus of the present invention, the rotation state sensor unit of the posture angle detection sensor unit can detect, analyze, and record the shaking of each part of the body at rest, such as standing, sitting, and supine. . If the rotation state detection sensor unit is attached to the head, head vibration can be measured.
Currently, in the dizziness / equilibrium function test, a sway meter is widely used as a device for measuring body sway. Conventionally, since there was no device for accurately measuring body sway itself, it was used as a device for measuring body sway by measuring the center of gravity. However, the center-of-gravity sway meter is over 1 million yen even if it is inexpensive, and it is expensive at several million yen if there are many items that can be measured.
According to the present invention, the head sway can be measured directly from the center of gravity sway meter, and can be realized at a price of several hundred thousand yen, so that the cost performance is excellent.

In the motion analysis apparatus of the present invention, a deviation during walking can be detected, analyzed, and recorded using a distance detection unit. As a walking inspection device, a device that analyzes data from a video camera has been put into practical use, but it is expensive and requires a large area for inspection because of the camera angle.
In this invention, since it was set as the structure which collects data with an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver, it can test | inspect only in the place required for a walk.

  By integrating the data detected by the posture angle detection sensor unit and the distance detection unit, it is possible to detect the movement of rotation and lateral movement, and to detect, analyze and record the movement of the sensor wearing part during walking Can do. By mounting the sensor on the head, it is possible to detect shaking of the head during walking. By attaching the sensor to each part of the body such as the trunk, lower limbs, and upper limbs, it is possible to detect and analyze the sway of each part of the body during walking and the mutual relationship between the sway of each part. It greatly contributes to the diagnosis of gait disorders and movement disorders caused by central or peripheral neurological diseases.

  By analyzing the data detected by the posture angle detection sensor unit in the present invention, it is possible to detect, analyze, and record movement and position information related to the rotational angular velocity, acceleration, tilt, and azimuth of the part where the sensor is mounted. Therefore, it is possible to obtain high-density data by changing the sampling time, and it is possible to analyze the power spectrum for the muscles and skeleton of the body during exercise by converting the data into distribution curves and characteristic curves.

By using the function of the motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention, the following tests currently performed in daily clinical practice as dizziness / equilibrium tests are possible. However, the inspection described here is an example, and does not exclude other possible inspections.
(1) Examples of tests that can be performed by mounting the sensor of the present invention on the head include a center-of-gravity sway test, a stepping test, a Romberg test, a Mann test, a one-leg standing test, and a slope table test.
(2) As inspections that can be performed by attaching the sensor of the present invention to fingers or upper limbs, there are an instruction inspection, an eye-shielding writing inspection, and the like.

  By visualizing the information obtained by the motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention, a person with disabilities such as a balance disorder or a walking disorder can visually present his / her body movements and deviations and understand the state and degree of the disorder. . In addition, by processing information such as exaggerating the degree of body movement and bias from the actual image, it becomes easier to understand the state of the disorder. Improve disability rehabilitation by providing a means to fully understand the condition of the disability.

  The motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention transmits a rotation state sensor unit including a sensor for detecting a rotation angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and orientation of a subject who is a measurement target, and ultrasonic waves toward the subject. A transmitter, a receiver that receives the ultrasonic waves of the transmitter, a distance detection unit configured by a control circuit that controls the transmitter and the receiver, and the data detected by the rotation state sensor unit and the distance detection unit An arithmetic processing unit including a storage unit that performs arithmetic processing, processing, and recording, a display unit that displays a result of the arithmetic processing, the rotation state sensor unit, the arithmetic processing unit, the arithmetic processing unit, and the display unit. Connecting means for connecting by wire or wireless.

  The means for analyzing, recording, and displaying is obtained by integrating and calculating the data detected by the rotation state sensor unit and the data detected by the distance detection unit, so that the motion state and position of the subject where the sensor is installed Is analyzed, recorded, and displayed.

  Rotation state in which rotation angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and azimuth data detected by the rotation state sensor unit are integrated to calculate movement and position information regarding rotation, inclination, and azimuth at the attachment site of the subject's sensor unit Each of the means for recording, analyzing, and displaying information relating to the calculation means and the rotation state is provided.

  As an example, the rotational state sensor unit includes a gyroscope, an acceleration sensor, and a geomagnetic sensor.

  The sensor unit by mutually correcting the rotational angular velocity detected by the gyroscope, the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor, the orientation data detected by the geomagnetic sensor, and the result separately calculated from these data Rotation state calculating means for calculating the movement in the part of the subject on which is installed.

  The distance detecting unit detects a moving distance, a moving speed, and an acceleration using at least one of a time difference, a phase difference, and an amplitude difference between transmission and reception of an ultrasonic signal, and detects an object in which the ultrasonic receiver is installed. Each means is provided for calculating, analyzing, and displaying the moving distance, moving time, moving route, fluctuation during movement, and position of the ultrasonic receiver installation site of the measurement target.

  The display unit has a mechanism for converting the obtained information into an image or processing the information into an image.

A first embodiment of the motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a bird's-eye view schematically showing a motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention.
This motion analysis device includes a posture angle detection sensor unit and a position detection ultrasonic receiver, a measurement unit 11 fixedly attached to the subject 10 to be measured, and a ceiling of the measurement space. An ultrasonic transmitter 16 including a plurality of installed ultrasonic transmitters, a personal computer 13 for controlling, collecting, calculating, and recording each unit; a display unit 14 for displaying measured data and calculation results; The connection means 12 and 15 are connected to each other by wire such as a cable or wirelessly such as sound waves and radio waves.
Although the example of illustration has shown the case where the measurement unit 11 is fixed to the waist | lumbar part of the subject 10, this does not limit the fixing method and position of the measurement unit 11, but a head, a hand part, a foot part. The fixed position can be changed depending on the measurement purpose.

This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
The measurement unit 11 includes a known posture angle detection sensor unit, which will be described later, and a distance detection ultrasonic receiver newly added according to the present invention. The measurement unit 11 is fixed to the waist, head, and other trunks of the subject 10 using a fixing device such as a belt.
The hub unit 17 coupled to the measurement unit 11 via the connection means 12 also includes a control circuit for the ultrasonic transmitter 16 and the ultrasonic receiver built in the measurement unit 11. The ultrasonic transmitter 16 is connected to the unit 17 via the connecting means 15. A distance detector is configured by the ultrasonic transmitter 16, the distance detecting ultrasonic receiver in the measurement unit 11, and the control circuit in the hub unit 17.
The hub unit 17 is connected to a USB interface 19 of the personal computer 13 via a USB cable 18. The USB interface 19 is sequentially connected to the device driver 20 and the arithmetic processing unit 21, and the arithmetic processing unit 21 is connected to the storage unit 22 and the display unit 14.

As the known posture angle detection sensor unit in the measurement unit 11, for example, a 3D sensor described in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-23742 “Attitude angle detection device” can be used.
This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 3, X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis represent the reference coordinate system, and x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis represent the sensor coordinate system. The sensor coordinate system (x-axis, y-axis, z-axis) includes a first gyroscope 23 and a second gyroscope for detecting angular velocities around the three axes x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively. A scope 24 and a third gyroscope 25 are arranged, and a first geomagnetic sensor 27 and a second geomagnetic sensor 28 for detecting the yaw angle are arranged on two axes of the x axis and the y axis, respectively. In addition, a first acceleration sensor 29 and a second acceleration sensor 30 for acceleration detection are arranged.

  Next, in FIG. 4, the first gyroscope 23, the second gyroscope 24, and the third gyroscope 25 have a movement angle for calculating a movement angle (movement angle) per unit time from these outputs. An arithmetic unit 26 is connected, and the first geomagnetic sensor 27, the second geomagnetic sensor 28, the first acceleration sensor 29, and the second acceleration sensor 30 are each provided with Φ (yaw angle), R (roll angle). , P (pitch angle) is connected. The motion angle calculation unit 26 and the stationary angle calculation unit 31 are connected to an attitude angle calculation unit 32 that calculates an attitude angle to be output from each calculation result, and output from the output terminal 33.

The operation of the motion analysis apparatus configured as described above will be described.
When the subject 10 mounts the measurement unit 11 and performs a walking motion, the posture angle detection sensor unit built in the measurement unit 11 detects the posture angle of the trunk of the subject 10 and at the same time, the built-in distance detection. The movement by walking is detected by detecting a signal from the ultrasonic transmitter 16 installed on the ceiling by the ultrasonic receiver. Data obtained by the measurement unit 11 is sent to the hub unit 17 via the connection means 12 and further transmitted to the USB interface 19 of the personal computer 13 via the USB cable 18.
The hub unit 17 also includes a control circuit for the ultrasonic transmitter 16 and the ultrasonic receiver built in the measurement unit 11, and this control circuit is also connected to the personal computer 13 via the USB cable 18. A control signal is sent from the personal computer 13 to the ultrasonic transmitter 16 via the connection means 15 so as to transmit ultrasonic signals at regular intervals. For this reason, a time difference, a phase difference, an amplitude difference and the like when received by the ultrasonic receiver built in the measurement unit 11 are transmitted to the personal computer 13 as measurement data.

Measurement data input from the USB interface 19 to the personal computer 13 is delivered to the device driver 20 developed on the memory. In the device driver 20, first, the first gyroscope 23, the second gyroscope 24, the third gyroscope 25, the first geomagnetic sensor 27, the second geomagnetic sensor 28, and the first acceleration sensor 29 are used. The offset and gain of the second acceleration sensor 30 are adjusted.
Next, the coordinate transformation matrix is applied to the attitude angle data from the measurement unit 11 to calculate the three-axis angles in the Euler angle expression.

4 calculates the movement angle (movement angle) per unit time from the outputs of the first gyroscope 23, the second gyroscope 24, and the third gyroscope 25. The first geomagnetic sensor 27 and the second geomagnetic sensor 28 detect the respective geomagnetic component forces on the x-axis and y-axis, and the first acceleration sensor 29 and the second acceleration sensor 30 detect the x-axis. 4 detects the x and y component forces of the gravitational acceleration on the y axis and the geomagnetic force on the x and y axes and the x and y component forces of the gravitational acceleration, respectively. At 31, the azimuth angle (yaw angle γ) and the tilt angle (roll angle α and pitch angle β) are calculated.
Then, a three-dimensional posture angle is calculated by the posture angle calculation unit 32 from the outputs of the motion angle calculation unit 26 and the stationary angle calculation unit 31 and output.

  Further, the movement distance by walking is calculated by comparing the data from the ultrasonic receiver built in the measurement unit 11 with the control signal to the ultrasonic transmitter 16. Furthermore, comparison and correction are performed between the data, and finally position data in the three-dimensional space is obtained. This position data is passed to the application software of the arithmetic processing unit 21 at a constant cycle. In the application software of the arithmetic processing unit 21, the transferred position data is recorded in the storage unit 22.

By repeating these calculation processes within an arbitrary time, dynamic four-dimensional walking data taking the time axis into consideration can be obtained. Furthermore, by processing these data, various parameters such as walking path and trunk motion can be calculated simultaneously.
The above results are transmitted to the display unit 14 in the form of a graph or a table and displayed on the screen.
The attitude angle detection sensor unit and the distance detection ultrasonic receiver used here are small and light, and even when combined in the measurement unit 11, the volume is 100 cc or less and the weight is 100 g or less. There is almost no load when the examiner 10 is worn.

  In the above embodiment, the analyzing, recording, and displaying means integrates and calculates the data detected by the rotation state sensor unit and the data detected by the distance detection unit, so that the subject 10 in which the sensor is installed is used. Analyzes, records, and displays the motion state and position of

  In the above-described embodiment, the rotation angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and orientation data detected by the rotation state sensor unit are integrated to relate to rotation, inclination, and orientation at the site of the subject 10 where the rotation state sensor unit is installed. Rotation state calculation means for calculating movement and position information and recording, analysis, and display means for information on the rotation state are provided.

  In the embodiment, the rotational state sensor unit includes, for example, a gyroscope, an acceleration sensor, and a geomagnetic sensor, but is not limited thereto.

  In the embodiment, the sensor unit is installed by mutually correcting the results calculated separately from the rotational angular velocity detected by the gyroscope, the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor, and the orientation data detected by the geomagnetic sensor. Rotation state calculation means for calculating the movement of the portion of the subject 10 that has been performed is provided.

  In the embodiment, the distance detecting unit detects the moving distance, the moving speed, and the acceleration using at least one of the time difference, the phase difference, and the amplitude difference at the time of transmitting and receiving the ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic receiver Each means for calculating, analyzing, and displaying the movement distance, movement time, movement route, fluctuation during movement, and position of the ultrasonic receiver installation site of the object to be measured is provided.

  In the embodiment, the display unit has a mechanism for converting the obtained information into an image or processing the information into an image. For example, by visualizing the information obtained by the motion analysis apparatus according to the present invention, visually presents the body movements and deviations to persons with disabilities such as balance disorders and gait disorders, and indicates the state and degree of the disorder. Let them understand. In addition, by processing information such as exaggerating the degree of body movement and bias from the actual image, it becomes easier to understand the state of the disorder.

  In the above-described embodiment, the sensor unit for detecting the posture angle in the measurement unit 11 uses, for example, a known 3D sensor described in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-23742 “Attitude angle detection device”, but is not limited thereto. Instead, a general posture angle detection sensor unit including a sensor for detecting the rotational angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and direction can be used.

  In the above embodiment, the connecting means 12 for connecting the measuring unit 11 and the hub unit 17 and the connecting means 15 for connecting the hub unit 17 and the ultrasonic transmitter 16 are connected by wires such as connection cables. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and radio such as radio waves and sound waves may be used.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the measurement target is a human body is illustrated, but the measurement target is not limited to this and may be an operating object. For example, it is also possible to measure the movement of the laundry that is operated by the water flow in the washing machine, and to determine the twist / movement of the laundry, the fatigue of the laundry, the washing effect, and the like.

It is a perspective view which shows the usage example of the motion analysis apparatus by this invention. It is a block diagram which shows one Example of the operation | movement analysis apparatus by this invention. It is principle explanatory drawing of the well-known measurement unit 11 used for the operation | movement analysis apparatus of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the internal circuit of the measurement unit 11 in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Examinee, 11 ... Measurement unit, 12 ... Connection means, 13 ... Personal computer, 14 ... Display part, 15 ... Connection means, 16 ... Ultrasonic transmitter, 17 ... Hub unit, 18 ... USB cable, 19 ... USB Interface, 20 ... Device driver, 21 ... Operation processing unit, 22 ... Storage unit, 23 ... First gyroscope, 24 ... Second gyroscope, 25 ... Third gyroscope, 26 ... Motion angle calculation unit, 27 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... 1st geomagnetic sensor, 28 ... 2nd geomagnetic sensor, 29 ... 1st acceleration sensor, 30 ... 2nd acceleration sensor, 31 ... Static angle calculation part, 32 ... Attitude angle calculation part, 33 ... Output terminal.

Claims (7)

  A rotation state sensor unit having a sensor for detecting the rotational angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and orientation of the measurement target, a transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic waves toward the measurement target, and reception for receiving ultrasonic waves from the transmitter A distance detection unit configured by a control circuit that controls the machine, the ultrasonic transmitter and the receiver, and a storage unit that performs calculation processing, processing, and recording of data detected by the rotation state sensor unit and the distance detection unit An arithmetic processing unit, a display unit for displaying a result of the arithmetic processing, the rotation state sensor unit and the arithmetic processing unit, and a connection unit for connecting the arithmetic processing unit and the display unit by wire or wirelessly. A motion analysis device characterized by that.   It has means for analyzing, recording, and displaying the motion state and position of the measurement target in which the sensor is installed by integrating and calculating the data detected by the rotation state sensor unit and the data detected by the distance detection unit. 2. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein   The rotation angular velocity, acceleration, inclination, and direction data detected by the rotation state sensor unit are integrated, and the rotation, inclination, direction movement and position information in the measurement target part where the rotation state sensor unit is installed The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a rotation state calculation unit that calculates and each unit that records, analyzes, and displays information related to the rotation state.   4. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotation state sensor unit includes a gyroscope, an acceleration sensor, and a geomagnetic sensor.   The measurement unit in which the sensor unit is installed by mutually correcting the results calculated separately from the rotational angular velocity detected by the gyroscope, the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor, and the orientation data detected by the geomagnetic sensor. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a rotation state calculation unit that calculates a movement in the target portion.   The distance detector detects the moving distance, moving speed, and acceleration using at least one of the time difference, phase difference, and amplitude difference between transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signal, and the measurement target in which the ultrasonic receiver is installed The object is provided with means for calculating, analyzing, and displaying a moving distance, a moving time, a moving route, a shake at the time of moving, and a position of an ultrasonic receiver installation site, 4. The motion analysis apparatus according to 4 or 5. 8. The motion analysis apparatus according to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the display unit has a mechanism for converting the obtained information into an image or processing the information into an image.

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