JP2006045002A - Paper-derived charcoal and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively provide a paper-derived charcoal usable as an adsorbent, a deodorizing and cleaning agent, a soil conditioner, or a humidity conditioner from paper products, such as corrugated cardboard, newspaper, magazines, and office paper, recovered as wastes. <P>SOLUTION: Paper products are charged into a carbonization chamber set in a heating chamber, and a high-temperature combustion gas is introduced from a combustion chamber into the heating chamber to heat the inside of the carbonization chamber under exclusion of oxygen to 650 to 800°C to carbonize the paper products. The obtained paper-derived charcoal is a carbonizate containing no tar in pores and having an average specific surface area of at least 200 m<SP>2</SP>/g. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to paper charcoal obtained by carbonizing paper such as corrugated paper, newspapers and magazines, office paper, catalogs, and flyers, and a method for producing the same.

  Conventionally, carbonization of waste such as wood, bamboo, and various papers has been performed using a method for producing charcoal. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-316675, in a carbonization apparatus provided with a combustion chamber and a carbonization chamber, building waste materials and the like are placed in the carbonization chamber, and the combustion chamber is heated with a burner to heat the carbonization chamber to about 400 ° C. Thus, a method for carbonizing an organic substance is described.

  However, since such a conventional carbonization apparatus and carbonization method are mainly intended for the treatment of waste, the temperature is generally about 400 ° C. and at most about 500 ° C. in consideration of economy. Carbonization was performed at temperature. In addition, since the obtained carbide has a large amount of tar and does not have a pure carbon structure, especially the carbide of paper has hardly been used effectively.

  On the other hand, conventionally known charcoal is generally used as fuel. Among them, white coal typified by Bincho charcoal, which is carbonized at a high temperature exceeding 1000 ° C., is very hard, has no tar content, and has a large specific surface area. For this reason, recently, deodorization of indoors and refrigerators is spreading as an application of white coal. However, white charcoal has a disadvantage that its production is small and it is very expensive.

JP 2001-316675 A

  In view of such conventional circumstances, the present invention uses papers instead of wood and bamboo as raw materials, especially papers recovered as waste, and can be used for various applications such as white coal. The purpose is to provide charcoal at low cost.

The paper charcoal provided by the present invention is carbonized at 650 to 800 ° C. in a state where the paper is free of oxygen, and has an average specific surface area of 200 m ² / g or more. Moreover, the paper charcoal of the said invention can be used as an adsorption removal agent, a soil improvement agent, or a humidity control agent.

  Further, the paper charcoal manufacturing method provided by the present invention is a carbonization chamber in which oxygen is cut off by putting papers into a carbonization chamber disposed in the heating chamber, introducing high-temperature combustion gas from the combustion chamber into the heating chamber. Is heated to 650 to 800 ° C. to carbonize the paper.

  According to the present invention, instead of using general wood or bamboo as a raw material, an adsorbing and removing agent is used by using paper such as corrugated cardboard, newspapers and magazines, office paper, catalogs, leaflets and the like recovered as waste. Paper charcoal that can be used for various useful applications such as soil conditioners and humidity conditioners can be provided at low cost.

  Papers used as raw materials in the present invention are corrugated paper, newspapers, magazines, office papers, catalogs, flyers, etc., and particularly useful paper charcoal can be produced by using papers collected as waste as raw materials. Therefore, it is advantageous in terms of reuse of resources and prevention of environmental pollution.

As described above, in the conventional carbonization apparatus provided with the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber, the carbonization chamber is heated to about 400 ° C., and at most about 500 ° C., and carbonized by heating the combustion chamber with a burner. Therefore, the obtained carbide has a large tar content and a small specific surface area. For example, bamboo charcoal, which is said to have high adsorption ability, was about ^{3 to} 8 m ³ / g. For this reason, since the adsorption performance was poor and the characteristics were inferior, it was hardly reused.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, papers as raw materials are carbonized at 650 to 800 ° C., which is higher than before, in a state where oxygen is cut off using a carbonization apparatus as described later. By carbonizing at such a high temperature, the obtained paper charcoal has many fine pores, and the tar content does not remain on the whole including the fine pores, and has a pure carbon structure.

As a result, paper charcoal present invention have an average specific surface area of 200 meters ² / g or more, preferably an extremely high value as 260~280m ² / g, it is possible to exhibit excellent adsorption performance. Utilizing this property, the paper charcoal of the present invention is used for adsorbing impurities and harmful substances in water and air, for example, adsorption and removal agents such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene and ammonia, deodorizing and purifying indoors and cars, Or it can use for humidity control etc.

  Further, the paper charcoal of the present invention retains abundant minerals contained in papers as it is and harmful chlorine is vaporized, so it can be used for water purification or as a soil conditioner. . Furthermore, since it has a pure carbon structure as described above, the paper charcoal of the present invention is a highly conductive charcoal having a low electric resistance value of 50Ω or less, and an effect of releasing negative ions into the atmosphere or water can be expected.

  Next, a method for producing paper charcoal according to the present invention will be described. The carbonization apparatus is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a carbonization apparatus including a carbonization chamber in which a heating chamber is disposed and a combustion chamber for supplying high-temperature combustion gas into the carbonization chamber. . Put papers as raw materials in the carbonization chamber of the carbonization device, introduce high-temperature combustion gas from the combustion chamber into the carbonization chamber, and heat the carbonization chamber in a state where oxygen is cut off to 650-800 ° C. Carbonize.

The reason for setting the carbonization temperature to 650 to 800 ° C. is that if the temperature is less than 650 ° C., a tar content remains in the obtained carbide and a pure carbon structure cannot be obtained, and therefore the average specific surface area is also low as less than 200 m ² / g. Because. Further, almost sufficient carbonization proceeds at a carbonization temperature of 800 ° C., satisfactory characteristics can be obtained, and a high temperature exceeding 800 ° C. causes an increase in cost and is economically disadvantageous.

  A specific example of a preferable carbonization apparatus used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The carbonization apparatus basically includes a heating chamber 1 provided with an opening / closing lid 1b for opening and closing the outlet 1a, a carbonization chamber 2 disposed in the heating chamber 1, a heating chamber 1 disposed above the heating chamber 1, and heating. The chamber 1 is composed of a combustion chamber 3 partitioned by a heat-resistant partition wall 5. In addition, a communication port 5 a that connects the heating chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 3 is provided at the center of the heat-resistant partition wall 5. The heating chamber 1 is fixed on the support 4 and the inner surfaces of the heating chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 3 are made of a heat-resistant furnace material.

  The carbonization chamber 2 disposed in the heating chamber 1 includes a bottomed box-shaped carbonization chamber main body 2a and a cover plate 2b suspended and fixed to the heat-resistant partition wall 5 so as to close the upper opening of the carbonization chamber main body 2a. It is configured. A rotation support shaft 6 is fixed in a horizontal direction on one side surface of the carbonization chamber main body 2a, and the carbonization chamber main body 2a is inclined or held horizontally as shown by a chain line in FIG. Can be opened and closed. The carbonization chamber body 2a and the cover plate 2b are made of a ceramic material such as silicon nitride or a metal material such as stainless steel. Further, a sealing material 7 made of ceramic wool is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the upper opening end of the carbonization chamber main body 2a, and when the carbonization chamber main body 2a is closed by the cover plate 2b, leakage of dry distillation gas or intrusion of air occurs. It comes to prevent.

  A combustion burner 8 is installed on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 3 so as to supply high-temperature combustion gas into the combustion chamber 2. Further, an air supply blower 9 is installed on the support base 4, and combustion air is supplied into the combustion chamber 3 through an air introduction pipe 10 penetrating the heat-resistant partition wall 5. Inside the air introduction pipe 10, a gas introduction pipe 11 having a lower end opened in the carbonization chamber 2 and an upper end opened in the combustion chamber 3 is arranged coaxially. The gas introduction pipe 11 is arranged in the air introduction pipe 10. In a portion penetrating a part of the two, the gap between the two is hermetically sealed.

  Further, a first exhaust port 12 is provided at the bottom of the heating chamber 1, and as shown in FIG. 2, a first exhaust tube 13 that is connected to the first exhaust port 12 and extends upward from the outside of the apparatus is erected. Has been. On the other hand, a second exhaust port 14 is provided at the top of the combustion chamber 3, and a second exhaust cylinder 15 is provided so as to connect the second exhaust port 14 and an intermediate portion of the first exhaust cylinder 13. . As shown in FIG. 2, a switching damper 16 is rotatably supported in a connection portion between the first exhaust cylinder 13 and the second exhaust cylinder 15. Then, by positioning the switching damper 16 in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, the temperature in the combustion chamber 3 and the heating chamber 1 can be adjusted by allowing the inside of the combustion chamber 3 or the heating chamber 1 to communicate with the outside air. It can be done.

  Next, a method for producing paper charcoal using the carbonization apparatus will be specifically described. First, as shown by a chain line in FIG. 1, the carbonization chamber is set so that the opening of the carbonization chamber body 2 a faces the outlet 1 a of the heating chamber 1 by rotating the rotation support shaft 6 counterclockwise. The main body 2a is inclined. Paper is put into the carbonization chamber main body 2a, and the rotation support shaft 6 is rotated clockwise to move the carbonization chamber main body 2a. The opening is pressed against the cover plate 2b and the sealing material 7 is attached to the cover plate 2b. After closely contacting the lower surface, the outlet 1a of the heating chamber 1 is closed by the opening / closing lid 1b.

  Subsequently, the fuel is burned by the combustion burner 8 in the combustion chamber 3 while supplying air from the air supply blower 9 through the air introduction pipe 10. The switching damper 16 provided at the connection between the first exhaust pipe 13 and the second exhaust pipe 15 closes the second exhaust pipe 15 as shown by a solid line in FIG. The combustion gas is supplied into the lower heating chamber 1 through the communication port 5a. The supplied combustion gas heats the inside of the heating chamber 1 and is exhausted from the first exhaust port 12 at the bottom of the heating chamber 1 through the first exhaust pipe 13.

  As the heating chamber 1 is heated, the inside of the carbonizing chamber 2 is heated to 650 to 800 ° C., moisture is evaporated from the papers in the carbonizing chamber 2 in a state where oxygen is cut off, and carbonized to obtain paper charcoal. At the same time, pyrolysis gas is generated by carbonization of the paper. Since this pyrolysis gas is flammable, it is led as an auxiliary fuel from the carbonization chamber 2 to the upper combustion chamber 3 through the gas introduction pipe 11, and is supplied with an air supply blower. 9 reacts with oxygen in the air supplied from 9 and burns.

  The switching damper 16 is also used for temperature adjustment of the heating chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 3. That is, when the temperature of the heating chamber 1 or the combustion chamber 3 rises excessively, the switching damper 16 is moved in the horizontal direction as indicated by a chain line in FIG. The exhaust tube 15 is closed, and a part of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 3 is discharged from the second exhaust port 14 through the second exhaust tube 15. Further, when the temperature of the heating chamber 1 or the combustion chamber 3 is excessively lowered, the switching damper 16 is moved in the vertical direction, and the second exhaust pipe 15 is closed. Thus, the movement of the switching damper 16 can suppress an increase or decrease in the temperature of the heating chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 3, and can keep the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 constant within a predetermined range.

  When the carbonization process is completed, the combustion burner 8 and the air supply blower 9 are stopped, the temperature of the heating chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 3 is lowered to about 50 ° C., and then the opening / closing lid 1b is opened to open the outlet 1a. Next, the rotation support shaft 6 is rotated to incline the carbonization chamber main body 2a, and the paper charcoal in the carbonization chamber 2 is recovered from the space between the open / close lid 2b.

Paper charcoal was actually manufactured at a carbonization temperature of 750 ° C. using the carbonization apparatus shown in FIGS. When the obtained paper charcoal was observed with an SEM, it was found that the tar content did not remain throughout, including fine pores, and had a pure carbon structure. Moreover, as a result of measuring the specific surface area at an adsorption temperature of 77 K by the BET method using BELSORP18 manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., the average specific surface area was 271 m ² / g.

  Using the obtained paper charcoal, an adsorption removal test of formaldehyde, toluene, and ammonia was performed. For comparison, high-conductivity bamboo charcoal (with a carbonization temperature of 750 ° C. and a pure carbon structure), non-conduction bamboo charcoal (carbonization temperature of 400 ° C. and residual tar content), rice bran charcoal (with carbonization temperature of 400 ° C.) A similar adsorption test was carried out using a carbonization temperature of 750 ° C. and a pure carbon structure.

  These results are shown in FIG. 3 for formaldehyde, in FIG. 4 for toluene, and in FIG. 5 for ammonia. 3 to 5 also show a blank test. 3 to 5, it can be seen that the paper charcoal according to the present invention has much better adsorption performance than non-conducting bamboo charcoal as well as high-conducting bamboo charcoal and rice bran charcoal.

It is sectional drawing which shows one specific example of the carbonization apparatus used for implementation of this invention. It is the front view which notched and showed the carbonization apparatus of FIG. It is a graph which shows the adsorption removal test result of formaldehyde using the paper charcoal and other charcoal of this invention. It is a graph which shows the adsorption removal test result of toluene using the paper charcoal and other charcoal of this invention. It is a graph which shows the adsorption removal test result of ammonia using the paper charcoal and other charcoal of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heating chamber 2 Carbonization chamber 2a Carbonization chamber main body 2b Cover plate 3 Combustion chamber 5 Heat-resistant partition wall 5a Communication port 6 Rotating spindle 8 Combustion burner 9 Air supply blower 10 Air introduction tube 11 Gas introduction tube 12 1st exhaust port 13 1st Exhaust tube 14 Second exhaust port 15 Second exhaust tube 16 Switching damper

Claims (4)

Paper charcoal, which is carbonized at 650 to 800 ° C. in a state where oxygen is extinguished, and has an average specific surface area of 200 m ² / g or more. The paper charcoal according to claim 1, characterized in that no tar remains in the fine pores of the carbide. The paper charcoal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paper charcoal is used as an adsorption removing agent, a soil conditioner, or a humidity control agent. Paper is put into a carbonization chamber disposed in the heating chamber, high-temperature combustion gas is introduced from the combustion chamber into the heating chamber, and the carbonization chamber in a state where oxygen is cut off is heated to 650 to 800 ° C. to carbonize the papers. A method for producing paper charcoal.

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