JP2006043591A - Waste plastic treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste plastic treatment apparatus enabling a suitable operation of a fixed blade provided on a treatment tank corresponding to the processing status of the waste plastic. <P>SOLUTION: A substantially cylindrical fixed boss 25 for a slide, extending toward the center of a tank 2, is provided on a peripheral sidewall 2b, and a substantially cylindrical hydraulic cylinder 28 is provided outside the fixed boss 25 for the slide. When a piston 31 inside the hydraulic cylinder 28 advances or retreats corresponding to the oil pressure variation inside the hydraulic cylinder 28, concomitantly the fixed blade 4 slides inside the fixed boss 25 for the slide, and advances to the inside of the tank 2 or retracts from the inside of the tank 2. Accordingly, by making the fixed blade 4 retract from the inside of the tank 2 immediately after throwing a material into the tank 2, it is possible to avoid that the fixed blade 4 becomes a disincentive of crushing in a coarse crushing process of the material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste plastic processing apparatus, and more particularly, to a waste plastic processing apparatus provided with a horizontal rotating blade and a fixed blade that rotate horizontally.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources, various studies have been made on recycling plastic waste materials (hereinafter referred to as “waste plastics”), which are being put into practical use.
Such recycling of waste plastic is performed, for example, by crushing and granulating waste plastic using a waste plastic processing apparatus. The waste plastic processing apparatus includes, for example, a processing tank into which the waste plastic is charged, a horizontal rotary blade that is horizontally rotatable, and a fixed blade that is fixed to the processing tank. This type of waste plastic processing apparatus is described in Patent Document 1.
JP 2004-136632 A

The waste plastic processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a tank as a processing tank, a rotary blade as a horizontal rotary blade, and a fixed blade, and the rotary blade is rotated at a constant speed in the tank. By throwing the waste plastic into the waste plastic, the waste plastic is crushed by the rotating blade and the fixed blade, and further melted by the shear heat and granulated.
More specifically, in the waste plastic processing step by the above apparatus, the waste plastic is mainly crushed for a certain time after the waste plastic is put into the processing tank. As the treatment time elapses, the temperature in the treatment tank increases due to shear heat, and the crushed waste plastic is dissolved. Then, the waste plastic is granulated by the rotating blade and the fixed blade.

  In such a process, in the process of crushing the waste plastic, in particular, in the initial rough crushing process, the thrown-in waste plastic (for example, waste plastic film or sheet material) is placed on the fixed blade and is in a ring shape. The crushing process may not be performed smoothly, and the presence of the fixed blade may be a factor that hinders the crushing process. On the other hand, after the rough crushing step is completed, a fixed blade is required to smoothly process each step such as fine crushing and granulation.

Therefore, it is proposed that the fixed blade is detachable from the processing tank and the fixed blade is attached or detached according to each process, but such an operation is extremely complicated.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to be able to appropriately operate a fixed blade provided in a processing tank according to a process of processing waste plastic. It is to provide a plastic processing apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 is provided in a processing tank having a bottom wall and a peripheral side wall standing from a peripheral edge of the bottom wall, and provided in the processing tank, A plurality of horizontal rotating blades that rotate, and are provided on the peripheral side wall of the processing tank so as to face the tip of the horizontal rotating blades along the rotation trajectory of the horizontal rotating blades, and are capable of moving forward and backward with respect to the horizontal rotating blades. And a fixed blade.

  According to such a configuration, all or a part of the fixed blades can be advanced and retracted with respect to the horizontal rotary blade according to each process. That is, immediately after throwing the waste plastic into the treatment tank, the fixed blade is retracted, so that the fixed blade can be prevented from becoming a hindrance factor in the waste plastic rough crushing step. And after predetermined time passes and a rough crushing process is complete | finished, each process of fine crushing, granulation, etc. can be processed smoothly by advancing the retracted fixed blade. Therefore, it is possible to improve the processing efficiency by appropriately switching the fixed blade to the use mode or the non-use mode.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the plurality of fixed blades are key-fitted on the peripheral side wall of the processing tank so as to be slidable in the forward and backward directions. It is a feature.
According to such a configuration, the fixed blade can be reliably advanced into the processing tank or retracted from the processing tank. In addition, the crossing angle between the horizontal rotary blade and the fixed blade can be kept constant.

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising control means for controlling the advancing / retreating operation of the fixed blade, and detecting means for detecting the advancement timing of the fixed blade. The control means advances the fixed blade in accordance with the advance timing detected by the detection means.
According to such a configuration, the fixed blade can be advanced into the processing tank at an appropriate timing. For example, if the detection means is set to detect when the rough crushing of the waste plastic is almost completed as the advance timing, first, in the rough crushing process, all or some of the fixed blades are removed from the processing tank. Then, after the rough crushing step is completed, the fixed blade that has been retreated in the steps of fine crushing and granulation can be advanced into the processing tank.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the third aspect, the detecting means detects a rotational load of the horizontal rotary blade or a temperature in the processing tank, and the control means The fixed blade is advanced when the rotational load or the temperature detected by the detecting means reaches a predetermined value.
According to such a configuration, the fixed blade can be advanced into the processing tank at a reliable timing by detecting the rotational load of the horizontal rotary blade or the temperature in the processing tank.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the processing efficiency can be improved by appropriately switching the fixed blade to the use mode or the non-use mode.
According to invention of Claim 2, a fixed blade can be reliably advanced into a processing tank, or can be evacuated from the inside of a processing tank.
According to the invention described in claim 3, the fixed blade can be advanced into the processing tank at an appropriate timing.

  According to invention of Claim 4, a fixed blade can be advanced into a processing tank at a reliable timing.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a waste plastic processing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of an essential part of the waste plastic processing apparatus shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, a processing apparatus 1 includes a tank 2 as a processing tank, a horizontal rotary blade 3 that rotates in a horizontal direction, a fixed blade 4, a motor 5, and a support frame 6.
The tank 2 is installed on the support frame 6 and integrally receives a disc-shaped bottom wall 2a and a cylindrical peripheral side wall 2b standing from the peripheral edge of the bottom wall 2a in order to receive waste plastic. It has a bottomed cylindrical shape with an open top.

In addition, a temperature sensor 21 is provided in the tank 2 as a detection means including a thermocouple for detecting the temperature in the tank 2.
In addition, an inlet 7 for introducing waste plastic is formed in the upper part of the tank 2, and a discharge part 8 for discharging the granulated material is provided in the lower side.
The discharge portion 8 is provided with a discharge port 9 that is formed to communicate with the tank 2 and is opened downward, and an open / close gate 10 that opens and closes between the discharge port 9 and the tank 2. . A pressure cylinder 11 is connected to the open / close gate 10, and the open / close gate 10 is opened / closed by driving the pressure cylinder 11 back and forth.

The horizontal rotary blade 3 is provided at the bottom of the tank 2, and is supported by a rotary shaft 12 that passes through the center of the bottom wall 2 a of the tank 2 in the vertical direction, that is, in the vertical direction, and the top of the rotary shaft 12. The blade member 13 is provided.
The lower portion of the rotary shaft 12 is supported below the bottom wall 2 a of the tank 2 in a support frame 6 via a bearing 15 so as to be rotatable, and the upper portion thereof protrudes into the tank 2. Further, in the support frame 6, a passive pulley 16 to which power from the motor 5 is transmitted is provided on the rotary shaft 12 so as not to be relatively rotatable.

  Further, the blade member 13 is integrally provided with two long blade portions 18 that extend in opposite radial directions with respect to the rotary shaft 12, and a rotary blade 17 is provided at the tip of the long blade portion 18. (See FIG. 2). Further, by fitting the blade member 13 to the upper portion of the rotating shaft 12, the long blade portion 18 extends in the radial direction from the center in the tank 2, so that the rotating blade 17 faces the inner surface of the peripheral side wall 2b. Is arranged. The long blade portion 18 is formed with a sharp blade toward the downstream side in the rotational direction of the horizontal rotary blade 3 over its longitudinal direction.

A plurality of fixed blades 4 are provided at predetermined intervals on the peripheral side wall 2b along the rotation trajectory of the horizontal rotating blades 3, and the rotating blades 17 and the long blade portions 18 of the rotating horizontal rotating blades 3 are respectively provided. Are arranged so as to face each other in the longitudinal direction (the radial direction of the tank 2) (in FIG. 1, only one fixed blade 4 is shown in order to avoid making the figure complicated).
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the fixed blade 4 in detail, and FIG. 3A is a view of the fixed blade 4 in a state where the fixed blade 4 has been advanced into the tank 2 cut along a vertical plane and viewed from the front. FIG. 3B is a side view seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. FIG. 4 is a view of the fixed blade 4 in a state in which it is retracted from the tank 2 as viewed from the front, cut along a vertical plane.

  The peripheral side wall 2 b is provided with a substantially cylindrical slide fixing boss 25 extending through the thickness direction of the peripheral side wall 2 b and extending toward the center of the tank 2. An annular cylinder mounting plate 26 is provided. The inner end of the sliding fixed boss 25 is arranged so as to be flush with the inner surface of the peripheral side wall 2b. Further, a substantially cylindrical hydraulic cylinder 28 whose inside is liquid-tight is provided through an annular packing 27 at the outer end of the cylinder mounting plate 26, and their axial centers are substantially the same. It is arranged to be.

  The slide fixing boss 25 is formed with a concave groove 252 extending in the axial direction (left-right direction in FIG. 3) on the lower surface of the inner peripheral surface 251, and the groove 252 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped longitudinal slide. A key 29 is fitted. The slide key 29 is fixed to the slide fixing boss 25 by a screw 30 that passes through the radial direction of the slide fixing boss 25. Thus, the slide key 29 is arranged so that an upper portion having a substantially rectangular cross section protrudes inward from the inner peripheral surface 251 of the slide fixing boss 25.

In addition, a piston 31 capable of moving back and forth in the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder 28 is provided inside the hydraulic cylinder 28. The piston 31 moves back and forth in the axial direction in the inner space of the packing 27, the cylinder mounting plate 26, and the sliding fixed boss 25 in accordance with a change in the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 28.
A connecting member 32 extending toward the center of the tank 2 is provided at the tip of the piston 31, and the fixed blade 4 is attached to the connecting member 32.

  The fixed blade 4 includes a substantially cylindrical slide portion 41 and a blade portion 42 that is formed integrally with the slide portion 41 and extends from the tip of the slide portion 41 toward the center of the tank 2. Further, the connecting member 32 is connected to the slide portion 41, and the slide portion 41 and the connecting member 32 are fixed by a screw 33 that is screwed in the radial direction of the slide portion 41. As a result, the fixed blade 4 is attached to the piston 31 via the connecting member 32.

  A concave groove 411 extending in the axial direction is formed on the lower surface of the slide portion 41, and an upper portion of the slide key 29 is slidably fitted into the groove 411. Thereby, the slide part 41 can slide in the slide fixed boss 25 along the slide key 29. In other words, the fixed blade 4 is key-fitted to the sliding fixed boss 25 and is slidable in the axial direction.

The blade portion 42 is formed in a substantially fan shape in a side view, and a portion that forms the fan-shaped central angle is a blade edge (see FIG. 3B). The cutting edge of the blade portion 42 is arranged so as to face the rotary blade 17 of the rotating horizontal rotary blade 3 facing the upstream side in the rotational direction of the horizontal rotary blade 3.
Although not shown, the hydraulic cylinder 28 is provided with an advance channel for causing the piston 31 to advance and a retract channel for retracting the piston 31 so as to be switchable. In the hydraulic cylinder 28, when the hydraulic pressure of the advance channel increases, the piston 31 advances toward the center of the tank 2, and accordingly, the fixed blade 4 advances toward the center of the tank 2. Thereby, the blade part 42 of the fixed blade 4 advances into the tank 2 from the inner surface of the peripheral side wall 2b as shown in FIG. In this state, the blade portion 42 of the fixed blade 4 is arranged so as to overlap the rotating blade 17 of the rotating horizontal rotary blade 3 with the blade portion 42 upward and the rotary blade 17 downward.

Further, in the hydraulic cylinder 28, when the hydraulic pressure of the retraction channel increases, the piston 31 retreats toward the outside of the tank 2, and accordingly, the fixed blade 4 retreats toward the outside of the tank 2. As a result, the blade portion 42 of the fixed blade 4 is retracted from the inner surface of the peripheral side wall 2b to the outside of the tank 2 and accommodated in the fixed boss 25 for sliding as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the motor 5 is disposed on the side of the tank 2 on the support frame 6, and the pinion shaft 19 is inserted into the support frame 6. Further, a transmission pulley 20 is provided on the pinion shaft 19 so as not to be relatively rotatable.

  An endless belt (not shown) is wound around the transmission pulley 20 provided on the pinion shaft 19 and the passive pulley 16 provided on the rotary shaft 12. Therefore, when the pinion shaft 19 is rotated by driving the motor 5, the power is transmitted to the rotary shaft 12 via the transmission pulley 20, the endless belt (not shown) and the passive pulley 16. With the rotary blades 17 sequentially facing the blade portions 42 of the fixed blades 4 in the tank 2, the horizontal rotary blades 3 are rotated in the horizontal direction.

Further, the processing apparatus 1 is provided with a water supply pipe 23 for supplying a predetermined amount of water into the tank 2 above the tank 2. The water supply pipe 23 is provided with a water supply valve 24 for opening and closing the water supply pipe 23 to control the supply of water or its stop.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a simplified control system of the processing apparatus 1.
The processing device 1 includes a control unit 34 for controlling each unit of the processing device 1. The control unit 34 includes a microcomputer, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and is connected to the motor 5, the pressure cylinder 11, the temperature sensor 21, and the water supply valve 24, and controls them. The hydraulic cylinders 28 corresponding to the respective fixed blades 4 are connected to electromagnetic valves 35 for selectively switching the advance flow path and the retreat flow path of each hydraulic cylinder 28, respectively. Each electromagnetic valve 35 is connected to the control unit 34. In addition, a common hydraulic device 36 is connected to each hydraulic cylinder 28, and the hydraulic device 36 circulates oil to each hydraulic cylinder 28. The oil pressure is set to 0.2 to 0.6 MPa.

The electromagnetic valve 35 selectively switches the flow path of oil flowing through each hydraulic cylinder 28 to the advance flow path or the retreat flow path under the control of the control unit 34. The forward / backward movement of the fixed blade 4 is controlled by the control of the electromagnetic valve 35 by the controller 34.
Hereinafter, specific processing in the processing apparatus 1 will be described.
Although it does not restrict | limit especially as a material (waste plastic) processed with this processing apparatus 1, Typically, polyethylene (PE: melting temperature 130 degreeC), polypropylene (PP: melting temperature 170 degreeC), polystyrene (PS: Melting temperature 130 ° C), ABS resin (ABS: melting temperature 140 ° C), polyvinyl chloride (PVC: melting temperature 200 ° C), polyethylene terephthalate (PET: melting temperature 250 ° C), polyacetal (POM: melting temperature 170 ° C), etc. For example, waste plastic sheets (including packaging sheets such as air cap sheets) and waste plastics in the form of sheets (films) such as waste plastic films are included.

  For example, before the processing is started, the fixed blade 4 is controlled by the solenoid valve 35, so that when the material to be processed is a fine size of 100 mm or less, all the fixed blades 4 are retracted from the tank 2. However, when the material to be processed has a large size exceeding 100 mm, some of the fixed blades 4 are retracted from the tank 2. (See FIG. 4). Then, after the motor 5 is driven and the horizontal rotary blade 3 rotates at a peripheral speed of 30 to 50 m / s, the material is charged into the tank 2 from the charging port 7. Thereby, processing is started.

  In the tank 2, the long blade portion 18 shears and crushes the material and applies shear heat by the high-speed rotation of the horizontal rotary blade 3. As a result, a material having a size exceeding 100 mm is roughly crushed and simultaneously sheared heat is applied. Moreover, only shear heat is applied to a material having a size of 100 mm or less. In this rough crushing step, all or some of the fixed blades 4 are withdrawn from the tank 2, so that the charged material rests on the fixed blade 4 and stays in a ring shape. The material is effectively coarsely crushed and shear heat is applied.

And from the start of processing, the temperature in the tank 2 continues to rise due to the shear heat of the horizontal rotary blade 3, and when the temperature sensor 21 detects a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C, preferably 120 to 130 ° C, By controlling the electromagnetic valve 35, all of the fixed blades 4 advance into the tank 2 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
The temperature for advancing the fixed blade 4 is set in advance in the ROM or RAM of the control unit 34 in accordance with the properties of the material, and the control unit 34 detects the set temperature and the temperature sensor 21. When the temperatures coincide with each other, the timing is determined as the advancement timing of the fixed blade 4, and the electromagnetic valve 35 is controlled to advance the fixed blade 4.

When the fixed blade 4 advances, the material in the tank 2 is sheared between the rotary blade 17 and the blade portion 42 of the fixed blade 4 in addition to the shear of the long blade portion 18 by the high-speed rotation of the horizontal rotary blade 3. Is further finely crushed. In this way, the material is pulverized.
Further, the finely crushed material is melted by the shear heat of the horizontal rotary blade 3 and is welded and formed into granules (granulated) while promoting volume reduction.

  Then, when the temperature sensor 21 detects a temperature of 130 ° C. or higher, preferably 130 to 180 ° C., water is supplied from the water supply pipe 23 into the tank 2 by the control of the water supply valve 24 by the control unit 34. Then, the material is cooled at once. The material whose surface is hardened by cooling is further granulated while being crushed by the horizontal rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4. The supply amount of water is, for example, 2 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the charged material.

Then, after supplying water into the tank 2, after 20 to 60 seconds, preferably 30 to 40 seconds have elapsed, the control unit 34 operates the pressure cylinder 11 to open the open / close gate 10. Thus, the granulated material is discharged out of the tank 2 through the discharge port 9, conveyed to a storage tank (not shown) via a belt conveyor or the like, and stored in the storage tank.
And, if necessary, the granulated product stored in the storage tank can be obtained by selecting the particle size with a sieve (not shown) to obtain a granulated product having a particle size according to the purpose and application. Can be used for recycling.

  Further, the timing at which the retracted fixed blade 4 is advanced into the tank 2 is not limited to the timing based on the temperature detection in the tank 2 described above, but the load of the motor 5 (the generated current value of the motor or the motor Torque) may be based on detecting that it has reached a predetermined value. When the rough crushing of the material is almost completed, the load on the motor 5 is stabilized. Therefore, by detecting the load on the motor 5 at that time, it can be determined that the rough crushing is almost finished.

When the size of the material is fine, all the fixed blades 4 are retracted from the tank 2 in the coarse crushing and fine crushing processes, and all the fixed blades 4 are advanced into the tank 2 immediately before water supply. Also good. In this way, a fine granulated product can be obtained.
As described above, in the processing apparatus 1, immediately after the material is put into the tank 2, the fixed blade 4 is retracted from the tank 2, so that the fixed blade 4 is an obstacle to crushing in the rough crushing process of the material. Can be avoided. And after a rough crushing process is complete | finished, each process, such as a fine crushing and granulation, can be processed smoothly by advancing the fixed blade 4 which was evacuated in the tank 2. Therefore, it is possible to improve the processing efficiency by appropriately switching the fixed blade 4 to the use mode or the non-use mode.

Further, since the fixed blade 4 is key-fitted in the sliding fixed boss 25 on the peripheral side wall 2b of the tank 2 so as to be slidable in the advancing and retracting direction, the fixed blade 4 is surely advanced into the tank 2, or It can be retreated from the tank 2. Moreover, the crossing angle between the horizontal rotary blade 3 and the fixed blade 4 can be kept constant.
Further, in the above processing, the fixed blade 4 is advanced into the tank 2 in response to the detection of the rotational load of the horizontal rotary blade 3 or the temperature in the tank 2, so when the rough crushing of the material is almost completed. The fixed blade 4 can be advanced into the tank 2 at an appropriate and reliable timing.

It is a principal part sectional side view which shows one Embodiment of the waste plastic processing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a principal part top view of the waste plastic processing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the fixed blade in detail, and FIG. 3A is a view of the fixed blade in a state where the fixed blade is advanced from the tank, as viewed from the front, and FIG. It is the side view seen from the arrow A direction of 3 (a). It is the figure which cut | disconnected the fixed blade of the state evacuated from the tank by the vertical surface, and was seen from the front. It is a block diagram which simplifies and shows the control system of a processing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus 2 Tank 2a Bottom wall 2b Peripheral side wall 3 Horizontal rotary blade 4 Fixed blade 21 Temperature sensor 34 Control part

Claims (4)

A treatment tank having a bottom wall and a peripheral side wall standing from a peripheral edge of the bottom wall;
A horizontal rotating blade provided in the processing tank and rotating horizontally;
A plurality of fixed blades provided on a peripheral side wall of the processing tank so as to face the tip of the horizontal rotary blade along the rotation trajectory of the horizontal rotary blade, and capable of moving forward and backward with respect to the horizontal rotary blade. Waste plastic processing equipment characterized by that.   The waste plastic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of fixed blades are key-fitted on the peripheral side wall of the processing tank so as to be slidable in the forward and backward directions. Control means for controlling the forward and backward movement of the fixed blade;
Detecting means for detecting the advance timing of the fixed blade,
The waste plastic processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means advances the fixed blade in accordance with the advance timing detected by the detection means. The detection means detects the rotational load of the horizontal rotary blade or the temperature in the treatment tank,
The waste plastic processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control means advances the fixed blade when the rotational load or the temperature detected by the detection means reaches a predetermined value. .

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