JP2006015356A - Arc welding equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an arc welding equipment capable of preventing arc cutting and suppressing sputter by controlling the output of an arc control unit to an optimum value during a predetermined period from an instant shifted from a short-circuit state to an arc discharge state. <P>SOLUTION: The arc welding equipment can control the output of an arc control unit to an optimum value by controlling the resistance between a welding voltage detection unit and a short-circuit control unit to be at least a predetermined value with the time of shift from the arc discharge state to the short-circuit state as a starting point, and controlling the resistance between the welding voltage detection unit and the short-circuit control unit to be substantially zero with the time of shift from the short-circuit state to the arc discharge state as a starting point. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a consumable electrode type arc welding apparatus that performs welding output control by generating an arc between a welding wire that is a consumable electrode and a welding base material that is a workpiece.

Conventionally, in the case of short-circuit transfer type welding among consumable electrode type arc welding, since the arc discharge state and the short-circuit state are alternately repeated, the control at the time of short-circuit and the control at the time of arc discharge have been switched and controlled ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 4 shows a conventional arc welding apparatus, 101 is a primary rectifying unit for rectifying an input AC voltage into a DC voltage, 102 is a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the rectified voltage, and 103 is a smoothing unit. A switching element for converting the DC voltage into AC voltage; 104, a transformer for transforming the input voltage; 105, a secondary rectification unit for rectifying the AC voltage generated from the transformer into DC voltage; 106 is a DCL (reactor) for smoothing the voltage obtained from the secondary rectification unit, 107 is a welding current detection unit for detecting the output current during welding, and 108 is for detecting the output voltage during welding. Welding voltage detection unit 109, command unit 109 is determined by welding conditions such as wire material, wire diameter and welding current setting, 110 is a state in which the wire and the base material are short-circuited during welding A short-circuit control unit that performs output control in a case, 111 is an arc control unit that performs output control when the wire and the base material are in an arc state, and 112 is a short-circuit state based on a signal obtained from the welding voltage detection unit 7 An AS determination unit for determining an arc discharge state, 113 is a control switching unit for switching between the short-circuit control unit 110 and the arc control unit 111, 114 is a drive command unit for operating the switching element 103, and 115 is A torch for performing welding, 116 is a wire, and 117 is a workpiece.

  About the arc welding apparatus comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement is demonstrated.

The AS determination unit 112 performs a determination operation as to whether the state is a short circuit state or an arc discharge state by comparing the welding output voltage detected from the welding voltage detection unit 108 with a preset value.
Here, the welding output current control is performed by the short-circuit control unit 111 during the short-circuit state, and the welding output voltage control is performed by the arc control unit 110 when the arc-discharge state is being performed.
The control switching according to the change in the welding state is performed when the control switching unit 113 receives a signal of the determination result in the AS determination unit 112 and transmits the output of the short-circuit control unit 110 or the arc control unit 111 to the drive command unit 114. The adjustment of the welding output is performed.
However, arc breaks may occur irregularly even during stable short-circuit transfer welding due to changes in the energizing point in the welding tip, variations in wire quality, variations in feedability, etc. Is a cause of impairing the welding stability, accompanied by an increase in spatter and the like, and has an adverse effect on the welding quality.
JP-A-61-3672

However, in the conventional arc welding apparatus, if the value of the output of the arc control unit 11 during a certain period from the moment when the short-circuit state is changed to the arc discharge state is large, the output is sharp when the wire is released from the short-circuit state. Therefore, the burn-up of the wire tip at the moment when the wire is released from the short-circuit state increases, and large-diameter spatter is generated due to an increase in droplets at the wire tip due to an arc break or an increase in the amount of burn-up.

  On the contrary, when the value of the output of the arc control unit 11 is lowered when shifting from the short-circuit state to the arc discharge state, the arc length between the wire tip and the base material is long at the moment when the short-circuit state is released to the arc discharge state. In order to suppress the output voltage, the arc discharge state cannot be maintained, and the arc break occurs, resulting in spatter.

  The present invention provides an arc welding apparatus capable of preventing arc break and suppressing spatter by controlling the output of the arc control unit during a certain period from the moment when the short-circuit state is changed to the arc discharge state to an optimal value. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention controls the ON time of the switching element to supply the torch while controlling the waveform of the welding voltage and the welding current, and to supply the wire fed to the tip of the torch and the object to be covered. An arc welding apparatus that performs arc welding while repeating short-circuiting and arc discharge with a welding object, a welding voltage detection unit that detects a welding voltage supplied to the torch, and a welding that detects a welding current supplied to the torch. A current detection unit, a determination unit for determining whether the wire and the workpiece are being short-circuited or discharged from the welding voltage detected by the welding voltage detection unit, and a command for outputting a command value of the welding voltage and welding current An arc control unit that inputs the detected welding voltage as a feedback value and performs feedback control by comparing with a command value of the welding voltage of the command unit, and the detection A short-circuit control unit that inputs a welding current as a feedback value and performs feedback control by comparing with a command value of the welding current of the command unit, and a drive that controls the switching unit from the detected value and command value of the welding voltage or welding current A command switching unit, a welding voltage detection value holding unit that changes a value during a short circuit period, and a circuit switching unit that switches two or more resistance values between the welding voltage detection unit and the arc control unit; The switching unit switches to a different resistance value when the determination unit determines that a short circuit is being performed and when it is determined that arc discharge is being performed.

  In this way, by switching the resistance value between the welding voltage detection unit and the arc control unit during short-circuiting and during arc welding, the value of the welding voltage detection value holding means that is the strength of the signal input to the arc control unit is An appropriate value can be set during arc welding, and the output of the arc control unit during a certain period can be controlled to an optimum value from the moment when the short-circuit state is changed to the arc discharge state.

  The present invention can prevent the occurrence of arc breakage when shifting from a short-circuit state to an arc discharge state, reduce welding instability associated with arc breakage, and improve welding quality and decrease in spatter amount.

  Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the amount of spatter generated when shifting from the short circuit state to the arc discharge state.

(Embodiment)
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a circuit of an arc welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is an overall circuit diagram, FIG. 1 (b) is an enlarged view of a main part, and FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the waveform of the arc welding apparatus.

  In the figure, 1 is a primary rectification unit that converts an AC voltage supplied from a power source into a DC voltage, 2 is a smoothing capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage rectified by the primary rectification unit 1, and 3 is smoothed by a smoothing capacitor 2. Switching element for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage, 4 is a transformer for transforming the AC voltage converted by the switching element 3, 5 is a secondary rectification unit for converting the AC voltage transformed by the transformer 4 into a DC voltage, and 6 is a secondary DCL (reactor) for smoothing the ripple of the DC voltage rectified by the rectifier 5, 7 is a welding current detector for detecting the current flowing between the wire 17 supplied to the tip of the torch 16 and the workpiece 18, and 8 is the torch. 16 is a welding voltage detector for detecting the voltage between the wire 17 supplied to the tip and the workpiece 18, 9 is a command unit for controlling each control unit mounted on the arc welding apparatus, and 10 is a welding current detector 7. so A short-circuit control unit that outputs a signal to the control switching unit 13 based on the output current and a signal from the command unit 9, and 11 is a control switching unit 13 based on the voltage detected by the welding voltage detection unit 8 and a signal from the command unit 9. An arc control unit that outputs a signal, 11a is a capacitor as a welding voltage detection value holding means that changes a value during a short circuit period, and 12 is a comparison between a voltage detected by the welding voltage detection unit 8 and a predetermined voltage signal. An AS determination unit that determines an arc discharge state or a short-circuit state, and 13 is a control that switches whether a signal from the short-circuit control unit 10 or a signal from the arc control unit 11 is output to the drive command unit 14 based on a signal from the AS determination unit 12. A switching unit 14 controls the switching element 3 by a signal from the short-circuit control unit 10 or the arc control unit 11, a signal from the command unit 9, and a signal from the AS determination unit 12. The drive command unit 15 for adjusting the resistance value between the welding voltage detection unit 8 and the arc control unit 11 to a predetermined resistance value 15a or a resistance value 0 based on a signal from the AS determination unit 12 is set to a switch 15b. A circuit switching unit for switching, 16 is a torch that feeds the wire 17 at a constant speed, 17 is a wire that is melted by repeated arc discharge and short circuit between the torch 16 and the workpiece 18, and 18 is a workpiece to be welded that is an object to be welded Ts is a short-circuit state period, Ta is an arc-discharge state period, E1 is a time when the arc-discharge state is shifted to the short-circuit state, E2 is a time-point when the short-circuit state is shifted to the arc-discharge state, E3 is a short-circuit state again from the arc-discharge state Indicates the time of transition.

In an arc welding apparatus that performs welding while alternately repeating short-circuiting and arc-discharging between the wire 17 supplied from the torch 16 at a substantially constant speed and the workpiece 18, current generated at the time of short-circuiting is A voltage generated during discharge is detected by the welding voltage detector 8.
In order to compare the detected welding current or welding voltage value with a value preset in the command unit 9 and transmit a signal for controlling the welding output to the drive command unit 14, the short-circuit control unit 10 Then, control is performed using the signal from the welding current detection unit 7 detected during the short circuit, and the arc control unit 11 sends the signal from the welding voltage detection unit 8 detected during the short circuit and arc discharge via the circuit switching unit 15. To detect and control.

  Here, the circuit switching unit 15 switches the signal to be transmitted to the arc control unit 11 in response to the signal from the AS determination unit 12, and transmits the signal from the welding voltage detection unit 8 directly to the arc control unit during arc discharge. When the switch 15b is closed, the resistance value is substantially zero, and during the short circuit, the signal from the welding voltage detection unit 8 is transmitted to the arc control unit 11 via the resistor 15a having a predetermined resistance value.

  Here, when the potential of the voltage detected by the welding voltage detector 8 in the arc discharge state and the short circuit state is compared, the potential in the short circuit state is detected low, and the charge of the capacitor 11a stored during the arc discharge is detected. Although it is discharged in the short-circuit state, since the circuit switching unit 15 discharges through the resistor 15a, the rate of charge reduction is slower than when the resistance value is zero.

  The AS determination unit 12 outputs an L level when the welding state is a short circuit, and an H level when the welding state is an arc discharge state. When the output of the AS determination unit 12 is an L level in the control switching unit 13, the short circuit control is performed. When the output of the AS determination unit 12 is at the H level, the signal is sent from the short circuit control unit 10 or the signal from the arc control unit 11 so that the arc control unit 11 performs output control. Select and tell.

  The drive command unit 14 determines the welding output by comparing the signal from the control switching unit 13 with the value set in advance by the command unit 9. If the signal from the control switching unit 13 is large, the welding output is determined. If the signal is increased and the signal from the control switching unit 13 is small, control is performed to reduce the welding output.

  The timing of the above operation will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 is a graph showing the welding output current waveform, the welding output voltage waveform, the output value of the AS determination unit, and the potential of the output signal output from the arc control unit 11 when the consumable electrode arc welding is shifted to a short circuit.

  In this figure, the arc discharge state shifts from the arc discharge state to the short circuit state at time E1, the short circuit state shifts to the arc discharge state at time E2, and the arc discharge state shifts from the arc discharge state to the short circuit state again at time E3.

  The short-circuit state period Ts from the time point E1 when transitioning to the short-circuit state to the time point E2 when transitioning to the arc discharge state, and the arc-discharge state period from the point E2 when transitioning to the arc-discharge state to the time point E3 when transitioning to the short-circuit state again Ta.

In the present embodiment, the circuit switching unit 15 controls the welding voltage detection unit 8 and the arc control unit 11 so as to have a predetermined resistance value starting from a point E1 when the arc switching state is changed to the short-circuiting state. Control is performed so that the resistance value between the welding voltage detection unit 8 and the arc control unit 11 becomes substantially 0, starting from the time point E2 at which the transition to the arc discharge state is started.
During the short-circuit state period Ts, the voltage accumulated in the capacitor 11a is discharged starting from the time point E1 when the short-circuit state period starts.

  Since the arc control unit 11 performs output control by comparing the accumulated voltage with a voltage value set in advance by the command unit 9, if the accumulated voltage is discharged instantaneously, the output is the arc control of FIG. When the accumulated voltage is controlled by the resistor 15a of the circuit switching unit 15 and discharged, the value shown in the broken line part of the arc control unit output value in FIG. 2 is obtained. .

  As described above, the output of the arc control unit 11 is controlled to an optimum value in a predetermined period from the time point E2 when the state is shifted to the arc discharge state with little dependence on the control during the arc discharge through the predetermined resistance value. It becomes possible.

  Therefore, the control by the arc control unit 11 in the arc discharge state can distinguish between the predetermined period from the E2 time point and the control in the Ta period thereafter, and the control in the predetermined period from the E2 time point is adjusted to be optimized. Thus, it is possible to prevent an increase in droplets at the tip of the wire from the moment when the short-circuit state is changed to the arc discharge state until a predetermined period, and it is possible to prevent arc breakage.

  Moreover, if the output of the arc control unit 11 at the time point E2 when the state is shifted to the arc discharge state is suppressed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of sputtering.

  In this embodiment, the resistor 15a and the switch 15b are provided in parallel with the resistor 15a as the circuit switching unit 15. However, for example, an electric element whose resistance value can be varied may be used instead.

  In the present embodiment, the resistor 15a of the circuit switching unit 15 may be configured to be variable according to welding conditions.

  The arc welding apparatus of the present invention can prevent an arc break by controlling the output of the arc control unit to an optimum value, and between the welding wire that is a consumable electrode and the welding base material that is the work piece. This is useful for a consumable electrode type arc welding apparatus that generates an arc to control welding output.

(A) The figure which shows the whole circuit structure in embodiment of the arc welding apparatus of this invention (b) The figure which shows the circuit structure of the principal part in embodiment of the arc welding apparatus of this invention The figure which shows the control timing in embodiment of the arc welding apparatus of this invention The figure which shows the circuit structure of the conventional arc welding apparatus

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Primary rectification part 2 Smoothing capacitor 3 Switching element 4 Transformer 5 Secondary rectification part 6 DCL (reactor)
7 Welding current detection unit 8 Welding voltage detection unit 9 Command unit 10 Short circuit control unit 11 Arc control unit 11a Capacitor 12 AS determination unit 13 Control switching unit 14 Drive command unit 15 Circuit switching unit 15a Resistance 15b Switch 16 Torch 17 Wire 18 Welded Object Ts Short-circuit state period Ta Arc-discharge state period E1 Time point when the arc-discharge state shifts to the short-circuit state E2 Time point when the short-circuit state shifts to the arc-discharge state E3 Time point when the arc-discharge state shifts to the short-circuit state again

Claims (4)

By controlling the switching element, the welding voltage and the welding current are controlled to be supplied to the torch, and arc welding is performed while repeating the short circuit and arc discharge between the wire fed to the tip of the torch and the workpiece. An arc welding apparatus for performing welding, wherein a welding voltage detector that detects a welding voltage supplied to the torch, a welding current detector that detects a welding current supplied to the torch, and a welding detected by the welding voltage detector A determination unit that determines whether the wire and the workpiece are being short-circuited or discharged from a voltage, a command unit that outputs a command value of a welding voltage and a welding current, and the detected welding voltage is input as a feedback value. An arc control unit that performs feedback control in comparison with a command value of the welding voltage of the command unit, and inputs the detected welding current as a feedback value before A short-circuit control unit that performs feedback control in comparison with a command value of a welding current of the command unit, and a drive command unit that controls the switching element from the detected value and command value of the welding voltage or welding current, and the welding voltage detection unit And a welding voltage detection value holding means for changing a value during a short circuit period and a circuit switching unit for switching two or more resistance values between the arc control unit and the circuit switching unit are short-circuited by the determination unit. Arc welding equipment that switches to a different resistance value when it is determined that arc discharge is in progress. The arc welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the resistance value of the circuit switching unit is configured to be higher when it is determined that a short circuit is occurring than when the determination unit determines that arc discharge is being performed. 3. The arc welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuit switching unit sets the resistance value between the welding voltage detection unit and the arc control unit to approximately 0 when the determination unit determines that the discharge is being performed. The circuit switching unit makes the resistance value between the welding voltage detection unit and the arc control unit variable when the determination unit determines that the short circuit is being short-circuited when the command value in the arc control unit is short-circuited. Arc welding equipment.