JP2006007331A - Machine tool and machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a spindle from rotating round the axis in lathe turning in a compound type machine tool or the like for performing both rotary machining and lathe work. <P>SOLUTION: In a draw bar mechanism, a draw bar 30 and an unclamp ring 39 are slidably inserted in the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 7, the draw bar 30 and the unclamp ring 39 are irrotationally connected to the spindle 7, and a collet 33 is switched between the clamp state and the unclamp state according to the sliding operation of the draw bar 30 through the unclamp ring 39. An unclamp lever 48 indirectly slides the draw bar 30 through the unclamp ring 39, and in lathe work, the unclamp lever 48 is turned in the lock state, whereby a roller of the unclamp lever 48 engages with a lock groove of the unclamp ring 39 so that the rotation of the spindle 7 is restrained through the unclamp ring 39 and the unclamp lever 48. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a compound machine tool capable of performing both rotary processing and turning processing.

Some of the above machine tools have a configuration in which a rotary tool and a turning tool are selectively mounted on a common spindle and the workpiece is selectively rotated and turned. Rotation refers to drilling and tapping that rotate the main shaft about the axis, and is performed in a relatively stationary state of the workpiece. The turning process refers to a facing process in which the workpiece is turned relative to the main shaft, and is performed in a state in which the rotation of the main shaft is stopped.
JP 2001-300829 A

In the case of the above machine tools, a reaction force acts on the tool from the workpiece during turning, so that the rotation of the tool with respect to the spindle is constrained by the frictional force of the disk based on mounting the tool to the spindle via the disk. Yes. However, a reaction force is transmitted from the workpiece through the tool to the spindle. For this reason, since there exists a possibility that a tool may rotate with a main axis | shaft, there exists room for improvement in the point of rotation prevention of a tool.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool and a machining method capable of preventing rotation of a main shaft during turning.

  The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the rotary tool and the turning tool are selectively mounted on a common spindle, and the workpiece is selectively rotated and turned, and rotates together with the spindle. A rotating member that is configured to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the main shaft, and is configured to restrict rotation of the main shaft based on engagement with the rotating member and to rotate the main shaft based on separation from the rotating member. It is characterized in that it includes an allowable engaging member and an operation mechanism that moves the engaging member to an engaged state and a separated state.

The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein a drive source for driving the operation mechanism, a tool discriminating unit for discriminating a type of tool, and driving control of the drive source based on a discrimination result of the tool discriminating unit to perform the engagement. It has a feature in that it includes movement control means for controlling movement of the member between the engaged state and the separated state.
The machine tool according to claim 3 is characterized in that the tool discriminating means discriminates the type of the tool based on the machining information of the workpiece.

  5. The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein a draw bar that is housed in an inner peripheral surface of the main shaft and moves along the main shaft operates a tool clamp in a clamped state and an unclamped state, and the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft includes the draw bar. It is characterized in that it includes a ring as a rotating member that is movable along the rotation axis direction of the main shaft and is non-rotatably connected to the main shaft and operates to move the draw bar.

The machine tool according to claim 5 includes a lever that moves the drawbar through the ring, and functions as an engagement member that restricts rotation of the main shaft based on the lever engaging with the ring. However, it has characteristics.
The machine tool according to claim 6 is characterized in that the ring is provided with a concave portion or a convex portion, and the lever is provided with a convex portion or a concave portion that engages with the concave portion or the convex portion.

  The machining method according to claim 7 is a machining method in which a rotary tool and a turning tool are selectively mounted on a common spindle and the workpiece is selectively rotated and turned. Sometimes the rotation of the main shaft is restricted based on engaging the engaging member with the rotating member of the main shaft, and when the rotation processing is performed, the engagement member and the rotating member are disengaged from each other. It is characterized by allowing the spindle to rotate.

  According to the first aspect, the engaging member can be engaged with the rotating member at the time of turning, and the rotation of the main shaft itself can be restricted by the engaging force between the engaging member and the rotating member. For this reason, since the main shaft is prevented from rotating by the reaction force transmitted from the workpiece through the tool, the tool does not rotate together with the main shaft. Moreover, since the engaging member can be separated from the rotating member and the engagement between the engaging member and the rotating member can be released at the time of the rotating process, the rotating process can be performed without any trouble using the main shaft for the turning process.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the type of tool is automatically determined, and when the type determination result is turning, the rotation of the spindle is restricted based on engaging the engaging member with the rotating member. When the type determination result is not turning, the engaging member can be separated from the rotating member. This eliminates the need for the user to input an operation command for the engaging member based on the operation of the keyboard, thus improving usability.

According to the means described in claim 3, the type of the tool is automatically determined based on the workpiece machining information. This eliminates the need for the user to input type information dedicated to type discrimination based on the operation of the keyboard, improving usability.
According to the means of the fourth aspect, a ring for operating an existing draw bar is used as a rotating member for restricting the rotation of the main shaft. For this reason, since it becomes unnecessary to add a dedicated rotating member, the complexity of the mechanical configuration can be suppressed.

According to the means of the fifth aspect, the lever for operating the existing ring is used as the engaging member for restricting the rotation of the main shaft. For this reason, since it is not necessary to add a dedicated engaging member, complication of the mechanical configuration can be suppressed.
According to the means of the sixth aspect, the rotation of the main shaft is restricted by the engaging force between the concave portion and the convex portion. For this reason, since the regulation force increases compared with the case where the rotation of the spindle is regulated by the frictional force between the two surfaces, the tool is reliably prevented from rotating together with the spindle.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when turning, the rotation of the main shaft is restricted based on engaging the engaging member with the rotating member of the main shaft. For this reason, since the main shaft is prevented from rotating by the reaction force transmitted from the workpiece through the tool, the tool does not rotate together with the main shaft. Moreover, since the rotation of the main shaft is allowed based on the disengagement between the engaging member and the rotating member when performing the rotational processing, the rotational processing can be performed without any trouble using the main shaft for turning. it can.

  The spindle is a composite type that is selectively equipped with a rotary tool and a turning tool, and the spindle is rotated around the axis when rotating, and the spindle is stopped when turning. The spindle is turned in the circumferential direction relative to the workpiece. During this turning process, a braking force is applied to the main shaft, and the main shaft is constrained to a rotation stopped state by the braking force. This braking force is generated by mechanically coupling the operating mechanism components to the drawbar mechanism components.

  The drawbar mechanism is such that the drawbar and ring are slidably inserted on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the main shaft, and the drawbar and ring are connected to each other so that they cannot rotate on the main shaft. Is switched between a clamped state and an unclamped state based on the sliding operation. The operating mechanism has a lever that slides the draw bar indirectly based on applying operating force to the ring, and the lever moves to a special turning position that is unrelated to the draw bar operation during turning. Accordingly, the engaging portion of the lever is engaged with the engaged portion of the ring, and the rotation of the main shaft is restrained through the ring and the lever. Hereinafter, an example of the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a table 101 is mounted on the base 100 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and the column 1 is mounted so as to be movable in the X direction. The former table 101 is connected to the rotary shaft of the Y motor 2 (see FIG. 2), and moves in the Y direction based on the drive of the Y motor 2. The latter column 1 is connected to an X motor 3 (see FIG. 2) and moves independently in the X direction based on the driving of the X motor 3.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle head 4 is mounted on the column 1 so as to be movable in the Z direction. The spindle head 4 is connected to the rotating shaft of a Z motor 5 (see FIG. 2), and the spindle head 4 moves independently in the Z direction based on the driving of the Z motor 5. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of bearings 6 are fixed in the spindle head 4, and a cylindrical spindle 7 is rotatably mounted on the inner peripheral surfaces of the plurality of bearings 6.

  A main shaft motor 8 is fixed to the main shaft head 4, and the main shaft 7 is connected to a rotating shaft 10 of the main shaft motor 8 via a coupling 9. The coupling 9 is composed of a shaft coupling that connects the rotating shaft 10 and the main shaft 7 so as not to rotate, and the main shaft 7 rotates around the shaft center line based on the driving of the main shaft motor 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the main shaft motor 8 is configured by housing a braking unit 12 and a driving unit 13 in a cylindrical motor frame 11. This drive part 13 consists of an inner rotor type induction motor, and the rotating shaft 10 is being fixed to the internal peripheral surface of a rotor. The braking unit 12 is composed of a mechanical disc brake that applies a braking force to the rotating shaft 10, and generates a braking force based on the contact between the disc rotor 14 and the friction plate 15 by the magnetic force of the electromagnetic coil 16. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a holder 17 and a holder 18 are fixed to the table 101. A table base 19 is attached to the holder 17 and the holder 18 so as to be rotatable about a shaft 20 extending in the X direction, and the shaft 20 is connected to a rotation shaft of an A motor 21 (see FIG. 2). The A motor 21 is housed in the holder 17, and the table base 19 rotates in the A direction around the shaft 20 based on the driving of the A motor 21.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a circular work table 22 is mounted on the table base 19 so as to be rotatable about a shaft 23 extending in the Z direction. The shaft 23 is connected to the rotation shaft of the B motor 24. Yes. The B motor 24 is fixed to the table base 19, and the work table 22 rotates in the B direction around the shaft 23 based on the drive of the B motor 24. The work table 22 is used to set a work. The Y motor 2, the X motor 3, and the Z motor 5 move the work in the X direction, Y direction, Positioning in the Z direction, the A motor 21 positions the workpiece in the A direction based on operating the table 19. The spindle motor 8 rotates the workpiece 7 such as drilling and tapping based on the rotation of the spindle 7 about the axis, and the B motor 24 turns the workpiece while the spindle 7 is stopped. The workpiece is subjected to turning such as facing.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a cylindrical draw bar 30 is inserted into the main shaft 7, and a pin 31 is fixed to the upper end portion of the draw bar 30. Both end portions of the pin 31 protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the draw bar 30, and both end portions of the pin 31 are inserted into both slots 32 having a vertically long hole shape as shown in FIG. . These slots 32 are formed in the main shaft 7, and the draw bar 30 is slidable with respect to the main shaft 7 based on the movement of the pins 31 along the inner peripheral surfaces of both slots 32. Based on the engagement with the inner surface of the slot 32, the rotation with respect to the main shaft 7 is made impossible.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a collet 33 corresponding to a tool clamp is fixed to the lower end portion of the draw bar 30. The collet 33 refers to a conical sleeve having a split, and when the draw bar 30 is raised, the collet 33 is clamped with a reduced diameter based on being pressed by the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft 7. A tool mounting portion 34 is formed at the lower end portion of the main shaft 7. The tool mounting portion 34 refers to a conical space portion whose diameter decreases as it goes from below to above. When the draw bar 30 is lowered, the collet 33 is placed on the tool mounting portion 34 as shown in FIG. The unclamped state is expanded along the diameter.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an arbor 36 of the tool 35 is inserted into the tool mounting portion 34. The arbor 36 is a taper shank of the tool 35, and a pull stud 37 is fixed to the upper end of the arbor 36. The pull stud 37 refers to a column having a neck portion. When the draw bar 30 is raised, the tool 35 is held on the draw bar 30 based on the neck portion of the pull stud 37 being clamped by the collet 33.

  A plurality of springs 38 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft 7, and the draw bar 30 is fixed to the inner peripheral surfaces of the plurality of springs 38. These springs 38 urge the draw bar 30 upward. When the draw bar 30 is raised, the arbor 36 comes into close contact with the inner surface of the tool mounting portion 34 by the elastic force of the plurality of springs 38. When the draw bar 30 moves from the raised state to the lowered state, as shown in FIG. 6, the collet 33 spreads into the unclamped state based on reaching the tool mounting portion 34, and the pull stud 37 is released from the clamp. . That is, the draw bar 30 switches the collet 33 between the clamped state and the unclamped state based on the movement to the raised state and the lowered state, and clamps and releases the tool 35.

  An unclamp ring 39 is inserted on the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 7 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction. An upper flange 40 and a lower flange 41 are provided at the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the unclamp ring 39 as shown in FIG. Is fixed. The unclamp ring 39 corresponds to a ring and a rotating member, and two flat portions 42 are formed on the upper flange 40 of the unclamp ring 39 so as to face each other with an axis therebetween. As shown in FIG. 7, both ends of the pin 31 are fixed to the unclamp ring 39, and the unclamp ring 39 is integrally connected to the draw bar 30 via the pin 31. That is, the unclamp ring 39 and the draw bar 30 are slidable integrally with the main shaft 7 and are not rotatable with respect to the main shaft 7.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an unclamping lever 48 corresponding to an engaging member and a lever is accommodated in the spindle head 4. As shown in FIG. 10, the unclamp lever 48 is formed by integrally connecting the main arm 49 and the sub-arm 50 via a shaft 51, and is rotatable about the shaft 51. A lever spring is mounted between the unclamp lever 48 and the spindle head 4, and the unclamp lever 48 is urged in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5 by the elastic force of the lever spring.

  A cylindrical pusher case 52 is fixed to the spindle head 4. A cylindrical pusher rod 53 is slidably inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the pusher case 52, and a roller-like cam follower 54 is in contact with the pusher rod 53. The cam follower 54 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the main arm 49 and is held in contact with the pusher rod 53 by the biasing force of the lever spring. A pusher spring is mounted between the pusher rod 53 and the spindle head 4, and the pusher spring holds the pusher rod 53 against the rotational force of the unclamp lever 48 and holds it at the retracted end. Yes.

  A large-diameter operation portion 55 is fixed to the pusher rod 53, and the pusher rod 53 advances from the retracted end to the forward end based on the operation portion 55 being pressed by the plate cam 56. When the pusher rod 53 moves forward, as shown in FIG. 6, the cam follower 54 of the unclamp lever 48 is pressed in the opposite direction by the pusher rod 53, and the unclamp lever 48 changes from the clamped state of FIG. Rotate to the state. The plate cam 56 is fixed to the column 1, and the operation portion 55 of the pusher rod 53 has a plate cam 56 along the inclined surface 57 based on the spindle head 4 rising to the unclamping position Za in FIG. 5. Get on. The unclamping position Za is a special position for exchanging the tool 35 of the spindle 7 with another tool 35. When the spindle head 4 is lowered to the origin position Zo, the unclamping lever 48 is moved from the unclamped state by the restoring force of the lever spring. Rotating in the direction of the arrow, the pusher rod 53 moves backward based on being pressed by the cam follower 54 of the unclamp lever 48. The pusher rod 53 is returned to the retracted end based on the backward stop by the elastic force of the pusher spring, and the unclamp lever 48 is stopped based on the rotation stop in conjunction with the return of the origin of the pusher rod 53. Return from the unclamped state to the clamped state.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the unclamp lever 48 has an arm 48 a and an arm 48 b that are bifurcated. Rollers 58 are pivotally attached to the arms 48a and 48b, surround the unclamp ring 39 from the outside, and stand by in a non-contact state slightly above the lower flange 41 of the unclamp ring 39. These two rollers 58 are opposed to each other with the unclamp ring 39 interposed therebetween, and are held in a non-operating state spaced apart from the lower flange 41 of the unclamp ring 39 when the unclamp lever 48 is clamped. In the clamped state, the lower flange 41 of the unclamp ring is pressed downward. That is, the unclamping lever 48 moves the unclamping ring 39 from the raised state to the lowered state mechanically in conjunction with the spindle head 4 rising to the unclamping position Za. The collet 33 is switched from the clamped state to the unclamped state based on the lowering integrally with 39, and the tool 35 is released from the clamp. The unclamp lever 48 is mechanically interlocked with the spindle head 4 being lowered to the origin position Zo and is returned to the clamped state. When the unclamp lever 48 is returned to the rotation, the draw bar 30 is moved to the disc spring 38. The unclamping ring 39 returns to the raised state with the elastic force.

  As shown in FIG. 9, an air cylinder 59 corresponding to a drive source is mounted on the spindle head 4 so as to be rotatable about a shaft 60. The rod 61 of the air cylinder 59 is mounted with the upper end of the sub arm 50 so as to be rotatable about the shaft 62, and the unclamp lever 48 is held in the clamped state when the rod 61 is moved forward, and the rod 61 is moved backward. Rotate to the locked state. This locked state refers to a state where both rollers 58 of the unclamp lever 48 are raised. When the unclamp lever 48 is locked, both rollers 58 are engaged in the lock groove 63. As shown in FIG. 8, these lock grooves 63 are formed in the upper flange 40 of the unclamp ring 39, and the unclamp ring 39 cannot be rotated by the engaging force between the rollers 58 and the lock grooves 63. The main shaft 7 and the draw bar 30 are restrained through the unclamp ring 39 so as not to rotate.

  The unclamp lever 48 functions as a lock lever that restrains the main shaft 7 so as not to rotate. As shown in FIG. 6, the lock function of the unclamp lever 48 is such that the cam follower 54 is non-rotatably locked by the plate cam 56 via the pusher rod 53 when the spindle head 4 is raised to the unclamp position Za. As shown in FIG. 5, when the spindle head 4 is lowered to the origin position Zo, the pusher rod 53 is validated based on the separation from the plate cam 56. The lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39 corresponds to the engaged portion and the concave portion, and the roller 58 of the unclamp lever 48 corresponds to the engagement portion and the convex portion.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a column cover 65 is fixed to the column 1. The column cover 65 covers the spindle head 4, and a tool magazine 66 is mounted on the column cover 65 so as to be rotatable about a shaft 67. The tool magazine 66 is connected to a rotation shaft of a magazine motor 68, and a plurality of tool grips 69 having a bifurcated shape are mounted on the tool magazine 66 so as to be rotatable about a shaft 70. A pair of clamp pins 71 are attached to the distal ends of the tool grips 69 so as to be movable along the axial center line, and both the clamp pins 71 are urged toward the counterpart crank pin 71.

A pair of rollers 72 are rotatably mounted on each tool grip 69, and both rollers 72 of each tool grip 69 run on the cam rail 73 based on the tool grip 69 being rotated to the tool change position. . The cam rail 73 is fixed to the spindle head 4, and both rollers 72 roll along the cam rail 73 based on the movement of the spindle head 4 in the Z direction, and the tool grip 69 is moved to a constant tool change locus. Move with. These movement operations of the tool grips 69 are performed in conjunction with the operation of the spindle head 4 in the Z direction with reference to the origin position Zo. A tool changing operation for changing to the tool 35 is shown. The tool grip 69, the pair of clamp pins 71, the pair of rollers 72, and the cam rail 73 constitute a tool changing mechanism 102.
1) The spindle head 4 rises from the origin position Zo to the unclamping position Za. Then, both clamp pins 71 enter the groove portion 74 of the tool 35 of the main shaft 7 and clamp the bottom surface of the groove portion 74. When the spindle head 4 is raised, the draw bar 30 moves to the lowered state shown in FIG. 6, and the collet 33 releases the tool 35 of the spindle 7.
2) The spindle head 4 rises from the unclamping position Za to the upper extraction position Zb. Then, the spindle 7 rises with respect to the tool 35 in the tool mounting portion 34, and the tool 35 is extracted from the tool mounting portion 34.
3) The tool magazine 66 is rotated and another tool grip 69 is positioned at the tool change position.
4) The spindle head 4 is lowered from the extraction position Zb to the unclamping position Za. Then, the tool 35 of another tool grip 69 is inserted into the tool mounting portion 34 of the main shaft 7.
5) The spindle head 4 is lowered from the unclamping position Za to the origin position Zo. Then, the tool 35 in the tool mounting portion 34 is lowered with respect to the tool grip 69, and both clamp pins 71 of the tool grip 69 escape from the groove portion 74 of the tool 35. In the lowered state of the spindle head 4, the draw bar 30 moves to the raised state of FIG. 5, and the collet 33 clamps the tool 35 of the spindle 7.

  The control device 80 shown in FIG. 2 is configured mainly with a microcomputer, and includes a CPU 81, a ROM 82, a RAM 83, an input interface 84, and an output interface 85. A forward end sensor 86 and a backward end sensor 87 are electrically connected to the input interface 84 of the control device 80. The forward end sensor 86 and the backward end sensor 87 are turned on in conjunction with the movement of the rod 61 of the air cylinder 59 to the forward end and the backward end, and the control device 80 outputs an output signal from the forward end sensor 86 and The electromagnetic valve 88 is driven and controlled based on the output signal from the backward end sensor 87 to control the air supply state to the cylinder tube of the air cylinder 59, and the rod 61 of the cylinder 59 is controlled to move between the forward end and the backward end. To do. The control device 80 corresponds to a tool discrimination means and a movement control means.

  A keyboard 89 is electrically connected to the input interface 84 of the control device 80, and the control device 80 sets NC data based on the operation content of the keyboard 89. Y motor 2, X motor 3, Z motor 5, spindle motor 8, electromagnetic coil 16, A motor 21, B motor 24, magazine motor 68, and display 90 are electrically connected to output interface 85 of control device 80. The control device 80 processes the NC data based on the control program, and the Y motor 2, the X motor 3, the Z motor 5, the main shaft motor 8, the electromagnetic coil 16, the A motor 21, the B motor 24, and the magazine motor 68. By controlling the driving of the electromagnetic valve 88 based on the control program, the workpiece 35 is processed according to the NC data while automatically changing the tool 35 of the spindle 7. This control program is recorded in the ROM 82 of the control device 80, and the control program will be described below.

  When the CPU 81 of the control device 80 detects a tool change command in the main routine, it shifts from the main routine to a subroutine. This tool change command is set as NC data, and the CPU 81 detects an output signal from the forward end sensor 86 in step S1 of FIG. If it is detected that the forward end sensor 86 is turned on, it is determined that the lock lever 48 is in the clamped state, and the process proceeds to step S5.

  When the CPU 81 detects that the forward end sensor 86 is turned off in step S1, the CPU 81 determines that the lock lever 48 is not in a clamped state, and the rod 61 of the air cylinder 59 is based on opening the forward port of the electromagnetic valve 88 in step S2. Move forward. When it is detected in step S3 that the forward end sensor 86 is turned on, the routine proceeds to step S4, where the rod 61 is stopped at the forward end based on closing the forward port of the electromagnetic valve 88, and the unclamp lever 48 is clamped. The state is returned to step S5.

  When the CPU 81 proceeds to step S5, the spindle head 4 is lifted to the extraction position Zb through the unclamping position Za. Then, the draw bar 30 releases the clamp of the tool 35 of the main shaft 7, and the tool grip 69 changes to the draw bar 30 to clamp the tool 35 of the main shaft 7. With the tool 35 clamped, the spindle head 4 rises with respect to the tool 35 and the tool 35 is removed from the spindle 7.

Tool data is recorded in the RAM 83 of the control device 80 as shown in FIG. This tool data indicates a tool number and tool information in association with each other, and the tool information refers to unique information such as the length of the tool 35, the type of the tool 35, and the life of the tool 35.
When the CPU 81 extracts the tool 35 from the spindle 7 in step S5 of FIG. 11, the CPU 81 detects the tool number corresponding to the tool change command from the tool data in step S6. Then, based on the drive control of the magazine motor 68, a new tool grip 69 corresponding to the detection result of the tool number is rotated to the tool change position. The tool grip 69 holds a tool 35 corresponding to the detection result of the tool number, and the CPU 81 rotates the tool 35 corresponding to the detection result of the tool number to the tool change position to move the tool grip 69 below the spindle 7. Transport. This series of operations is called indexing of the tool 35, and when the CPU 81 indexes the tool 35 in step S6, the process proceeds to step S7.

  When the CPU 81 proceeds to step S7, the spindle head 4 is lowered from the extraction position Zb to the origin position Zo. When the spindle head 4 is in the lowered state, a new tool 35 corresponding to the tool number detection result is extracted from the new tool grip 69, and the draw bar 30 moves to the raised state, and the tool number detection result is changed. A new tool 35 is clamped by the collet 33.

  When the spindle 81 is lowered in step S7, the CPU 81 detects a new tool 35 type in step S8, and compares the type detection result with “turning”. This process is performed by detecting the type corresponding to the detection result of the tool number from the tool data. When the CPU 81 detects that the new tool 35 is not for turning in step S8, the process returns to the main routine. The workpiece is machined based on the new tool 35 in the main routine.

  When the CPU 81 detects that the new tool 35 is for turning in step S8, the CPU 81 retracts the rod 61 of the air cylinder 59 based on opening the retracting port of the electromagnetic valve 88 in step S9. The retraction of the rod 61 is performed in a state where the spindle head 4 is held at the origin position Zo. When the CPU 81 detects that the retreat end sensor 87 is turned on in step S10, the process proceeds to step S11 and the electromagnetic valve 88 retreats. Based on the closing of the service port, the rod 61 is stopped at the retracted end, and the process returns to the main routine. In the retracted state of the rod 61, the main shaft 7 is locked so as not to rotate based on the unclamping lever 48 being held in the locked state, and the work table 22 is rotated based on the rotation of the work table 22 in the locked state of the main shaft 7. Is turned.

  According to the first embodiment, the roller 58 of the unclamp lever 48 is engaged with the lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39 during turning, and the rotation of the main shaft 7 itself is caused by the engagement force between the roller 58 and the lock groove 63. Regulated. For this reason, the main shaft 7 is prevented from rotating by the reaction force transmitted from the workpiece through the tool 35, so that the tool 35 does not rotate together with the main shaft 7. In addition, the roller 58 of the unclamping lever 48 is separated from the lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39 and the engagement between the roller 58 and the lock groove 63 is released at the time of rotational processing, so that the turning spindle 7 is used. Rotational processing can be performed without hindrance.

  The type of the tool 35 is determined based on the NC data. When the type determination result is turning, the roller 58 of the unclamp lever 48 is engaged with the lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39, and the type determination result is obtained. When not turning, the roller 58 of the unclamp lever 48 is separated from the lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39. This eliminates the need for the user to input an operation command for the unclamp lever 48 based on the operation of the keyboard 89, thus improving usability. Moreover, the type of the tool 35 is determined based on the NC data. This eliminates the need for the user to input type information dedicated to type discrimination based on the operation of the keyboard 89, thus improving usability.

  An unclamp ring 39 that operates the existing draw bar 30 is used as a rotating member that restricts the rotation of the main shaft 7. For this reason, since it becomes unnecessary to add a dedicated rotating member, the complexity of the mechanical configuration can be suppressed. In addition, an unclamping lever 48 that operates the existing unclamping ring 39 is used as an engaging member that restricts the rotation of the main shaft 7. For this reason, since it is not necessary to add a dedicated engaging member, complication of the mechanical configuration can be suppressed. That is, since it is not necessary to add a lock mechanism for restricting the rotation of the main shaft 7, the mechanical structure is prevented from becoming complicated.

The rotation of the main shaft 7 was restricted by the engagement force between the roller 58 and the lock groove 63. For this reason, since the regulating force is increased as compared with the case where the rotation of the main shaft 7 is restricted by the frictional force between the two surfaces, the tool 35 is reliably prevented from rotating together with the main shaft 7.
In the first embodiment, the rotation of the main shaft 7 is restricted based on the engagement of the roller 58 of the unclamp lever 48 with the lock groove 63 of the unclamp ring 39. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the rotation of the main shaft 7 is restricted based on engaging the concave portion of the unclamp lever 48 with the convex portion of the unclamp ring 39, or the resistance surface of the unclamp lever 48 is pressed against the resistance surface of the unclamp ring 39. Based on that, the rotation of the main shaft 7 may be regulated.

In the first embodiment, the air cylinder 59 is exemplified as a drive source for rotating the unclamp lever 48 in the locked state. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a hydraulic cylinder, an electromagnetic solenoid, a motor, etc. May be used.
In the first embodiment, the dedicated drive source for rotating the unclamp lever 48 in the locked state is provided. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the moving force in the Z direction of the spindle head 4 is used. Thus, the unclamp lever 48 may be configured to be rotated in the locked state.

  In the first embodiment, the turning process is performed based on turning the work table 22 while the spindle 7 is stationary. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the work table 22 is stationary. It is good also as a structure which performs a turning process based on turning the main axis | shaft 7. FIG.

The figure which shows 1st Example of this invention (The figure which shows the external appearance of a spindle head from a X direction) Block diagram showing electrical configuration Diagram showing the internal configuration of the spindle motor from the X direction Perspective view showing the appearance of work table The figure which shows the internal structure of a spindle head from X direction (The figure which shows the clamped state of an unclamp lever) The figure which shows the internal structure of a spindle head from X direction (The figure which shows the unclamp state of an unclamp lever) Diagram showing unclamp ring and unclamp lever from Y direction Perspective view showing appearance of unclamp ring The figure which shows the internal structure of a spindle head from X direction (The figure for demonstrating the function as a lock lever of an unclamp lever) Diagram showing the internal configuration of the spindle head from the Z direction Flow chart showing control contents of control device The figure which shows the record data of the control device

Explanation of symbols

7 is a spindle, 30 is a draw bar, 33 is a collet (tool clamp), 35 is a tool, 39 is an unclamp ring (rotating member, ring), 48 is an unclamp lever (lever, engaging member), 58 is a roller (convex) Part), 59 is a cylinder (drive source), 63 is a lock groove (concave part), and 80 is a control device (tool discriminating means, movement control means).

Claims (7)

In a machine tool that selectively attaches a rotary tool and a turning tool to a common spindle and selectively rotates and turns a workpiece,
A rotating member that rotates with the main shaft;
Engagement that is movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the main shaft, and that restricts rotation of the main shaft based on engagement with the rotation member and allows rotation of the main shaft based on separation from the rotation member. Members,
A machine tool comprising: an operating mechanism that moves the engaging member to an engaged state and a separated state. A drive source for driving the operation mechanism;
Tool discriminating means for discriminating the type of tool;
2. A movement control unit that controls driving of the drive source based on a determination result of the tool determination unit, and controls movement of the engagement member between an engaged state and a separated state. Machine tools.   The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the tool discriminating unit discriminates the type of tool based on machining information of a workpiece. A drawbar which is housed in the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft and operates the tool clamp in a clamped state and an unclamped state based on movement along the main shaft;
A ring as a rotating member that is movable on the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft along the rotational axis direction of the main shaft and is non-rotatably connected to the main shaft, and that moves the draw bar. The machine tool according to claim 1. A lever for moving the drawbar through the ring;
The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the lever functions as an engagement member that restricts rotation of the main shaft based on engagement with the ring. The ring is provided with a concave portion or a convex portion,
The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the lever is provided with a convex portion or a concave portion that engages with the concave portion or the convex portion. In a machining method in which a rotary tool and a turning tool are selectively mounted on a common spindle, and the workpiece is selectively rotated and turned,
When turning, the rotation of the main shaft is regulated based on engaging the engaging member with the rotating member of the main shaft,
A machining method characterized by allowing rotation of the main shaft based on releasing the engagement between the engaging member and the rotating member when rotating.

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