JP2006000810A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2006000810A5
JP2006000810A5 JP2004182394A JP2004182394A JP2006000810A5 JP 2006000810 A5 JP2006000810 A5 JP 2006000810A5 JP 2004182394 A JP2004182394 A JP 2004182394A JP 2004182394 A JP2004182394 A JP 2004182394A JP 2006000810 A5 JP2006000810 A5 JP 2006000810A5
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中空糸膜の製造方法、中空糸膜およびそれを用いて得られる中空糸膜モジュールHollow fiber membrane manufacturing method, hollow fiber membrane and hollow fiber membrane module obtained using the same

本発明は、浄水処理などの固液分離に使用される中空糸膜、およびその製造方法に関する。さらには、前記中空糸膜を用いてなる中空糸膜モジュールに関する。   The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane used for solid-liquid separation such as water purification, and a method for producing the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module using the hollow fiber membrane.

近年、膜分離技術の進展に伴い、中空糸分離膜特性の重要性が高まっている。一般的に中空糸分離膜に要求される諸特性として、選択透過性、透水性、及び機械的強度が大きいこと、さらに化学的に安定であることや汚れ難いことなどが挙げられるが、これらの諸特性をすべて充足する中空糸分離膜が見当たらないのが現状である。そのために膜素材として、セルロース系、ポリアミド系、ポリアクリロニトリル系、ポリカーボネート系、ポリスルホン系、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系などの種々のポリマーが使用されてきた。その中のアクリロニトリル系ポリマーは、膜の親水性、耐汚れ性、透水性、機械的強度も高いことから種々の製造方法が提案されているが、未だ多くの課題が残っている。たとえばアクリロニトリル系共重合体を相分離させてマクロボイドのある多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法が開示されている。しかし透水性を上げるために機械的強度が低く、膜の破断などによる阻止性能の低下が懸念される(特許文献1参照)。他方でアクリロニトリル系共重合体にプロピレンカーボネートなどの添加剤を加え、透水性と機械的強度をバランスさせた多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法が開示されている。しかしながら多成分の添加剤を添加するもので、抽出や熱処理に多くの手間がかかる(特許文献2参照)。
特開平11−539号公報(第5頁表1、第6頁図1) 国際公開第98/58728号パンフレット(第14頁第10行〜第14行目、第14頁第25〜26行目) 特開昭63−123403号公報 特開昭63−190012号公報
In recent years, with the progress of membrane separation technology, the importance of hollow fiber separation membrane characteristics has increased. Generally, various properties required for hollow fiber separation membranes include high permselectivity, water permeability, and mechanical strength, as well as being chemically stable and resistant to contamination. At present, there is no hollow fiber separation membrane that satisfies all the characteristics. For this purpose, various polymers such as cellulose, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyvinylidene fluoride have been used as membrane materials. Among them, acrylonitrile-based polymers have been proposed for various production methods because of their hydrophilicity, stain resistance, water permeability, and mechanical strength of the film, but many problems still remain. For example, a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane having macrovoids by phase separation of an acrylonitrile-based copolymer is disclosed. However, the mechanical strength is low in order to increase the water permeability, and there is a concern that the blocking performance may be reduced due to film breakage or the like (see Patent Document 1). On the other hand, a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane in which an additive such as propylene carbonate is added to an acrylonitrile copolymer to balance water permeability and mechanical strength is disclosed. However, a multi-component additive is added, and much time is required for extraction and heat treatment (see Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-539 (Table 1 on page 5, page 1 on page 6) WO 98/58728 pamphlet (page 14, line 10 to line 14, page 14, lines 25 to 26) JP 63-123403 A JP 63-190012 A

従来のポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜は、機械的強度などが不十分であり、糸切れなどの問題があった。本発明の目的は、浄水処理など固液分離に最適に使用できる透水性と機械的強度をバランスさせたポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜、およびその製造方法を提供すること、さらには、前記中空糸膜を用いてなる中空糸膜モジュールを提供することにある。   Conventional polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membranes have insufficient mechanical strength and have problems such as thread breakage. An object of the present invention is to provide a polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane balanced in water permeability and mechanical strength that can be optimally used for solid-liquid separation such as water purification, and a method for producing the same, and further, the hollow fiber membrane. It is providing the hollow fiber membrane module which uses this.

上記の目的を達成するための本発明は、極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体、平均分子量が1,000〜6,000のポリエチレングリコール、およびジメチルスルホキシドからなる製膜原液を、80重量%以上のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液の内部注入液と共に、2重環状オリフィスから、凝固浴に押し出して凝固させる工程を有することを特徴するポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜の製造方法である。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a product comprising an acrylonitrile polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.0 (dl / g) or more, a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000, and dimethyl sulfoxide. the membrane dope, both internal infusate more than 80% by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution, from the double annular orifice method der polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membranes comprising the step of coagulating extruded into a coagulation bath The

また、かかる製造方法により得られるポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜は、極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体からなる中空糸膜であって、少なくとも中空糸膜内部に、直径5μm未満の孔径を有する厚さ100〜500μmのスポンジ層を有し、かつ、直径0.1μm未満の孔径を前記中空糸膜の外表面に有するものである。このポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜は、破断強度が600〜1800(gf/mm)、かつ破断伸度が70〜150(%)であって、透過水量が270〜800(リットル/m・hr・100(kPa))の特性とすることができる。さらに、原水の外圧全ろ過を5分間行った後の前記中空糸膜の真円度が60%以上となるろ過差圧の最大値(以下、耐圧と称する場合がある。)が400(kPa)以上とすることができる。また、かかるポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜を容器に装填することによりポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜のモジュールとすることが好ましい。 Moreover, polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane is obtained, et al by such a production method, a hollow fiber membrane intrinsic viscosity of from 2.0 (dl / g) or more acrylonitrile polymer, within at least the hollow fiber membrane, having a sponge layer having a thickness of 100~500μm having a pore size diameter of less than 5 [mu] m, and a shall which have a pore size diameter of less than 0.1μm on the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane. This polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane has a breaking strength of 600 to 1800 (gf / mm 2 ), a breaking elongation of 70 to 150 (%), and a permeated water amount of 270 to 800 (liter / m 2 · hr). -It can be set as the characteristic of 100 (kPa) . In addition, the filtration maximum difference of pressure roundness of 60% or more of the hollow fiber membrane after the external pressure all filtration of the raw water for 5 minutes (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the breakdown voltage.) Is 400 (kPa ) may be greater than or equal. Moreover, it is preferable to make a polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane module by loading the polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane into a container.

本発明の製造方法は、極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体、平均分子量が1,000〜6,000のポリエチレングリコール、およびジメチルスルホキシドからなる製膜原液を、80重量%以上のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液と共に凝固浴中に押し出して凝固させる工程を経ることで、透水性と機械的強度に優れたポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜を容易に製造することができる。さらに浄水処理など固液分離に好適に使用できる。 The production method of the present invention comprises a film-forming stock solution comprising an acrylonitrile-based polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.0 (dl / g) or more, a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000, and dimethyl sulfoxide. A polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane excellent in water permeability and mechanical strength can be easily produced by passing through a step of coagulating by extruding into a coagulation bath with a dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution of at least wt% . Furthermore, it can be suitably used for solid-liquid separation such as water purification.

本発明における極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体とは、少なくともアクリロニトリルを95mol%含有し、かつ、極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル重合体を意味する。本発明のアクリロニトリル系重合体は、アクリロニトリルの単独重合体が好ましいが、5mol%以下、好ましくは3mol%以下で共重合成分を含んでいてもよい。共重合成分としては、ビニル化合物などが好ましく、たとえばアクリル酸、アクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸メチル、酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸ソーダ、p-スチレンスルホン酸ソーダをモノマーとして挙げることができる。アクリロニトリル重合体の極限粘度は、2.0(dl/g)以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは2.0〜3.6(dl/g)、より好ましくは2.3〜3.0(dl/g)の範囲である。極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)を下回ると、中空糸の機械的強度が低下する。また、3.6(dl/g)を超えると溶解性や紡糸性が低下する。   The acrylonitrile polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.0 (dl / g) or higher in the present invention is an acrylonitrile polymer containing at least 95 mol% of acrylonitrile and having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.0 (dl / g) or higher. means. The acrylonitrile-based polymer of the present invention is preferably a homopolymer of acrylonitrile, but may contain a copolymer component at 5 mol% or less, preferably 3 mol% or less. The copolymer component is preferably a vinyl compound, and examples thereof include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, sodium acrylate, and sodium p-styrene sulfonate. The intrinsic viscosity of the acrylonitrile polymer needs to be 2.0 (dl / g) or more, preferably 2.0 to 3.6 (dl / g), more preferably 2.3 to 3.0. The range is (dl / g). When the intrinsic viscosity is less than 2.0 (dl / g), the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.6 (dl / g), the solubility and spinnability are lowered.

製膜原液中のアクリロニトリル系重合体の濃度は、製膜可能でかつ得られる膜が固液分離できる性能を有する濃度範囲であれば特に限定されないが、6〜16重量%の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは8〜15重量%の範囲、さらに好ましくは12〜14.5重量%の範囲である。アクリロニトリル系重合体の濃度が6重量%以上とすると機械的強度が向上し、さらに16重量%以下とすると透水性が向上するので実用上の膜性能が得られやすくなるからである。 The concentration of the acrylonitrile-based polymer in the membrane forming stock solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration range in which the membrane can be formed and the obtained membrane has a performance capable of solid-liquid separation, but a range of 6 to 16% by weight is preferable. Preferably it is the range of 8-15 weight%, More preferably, it is the range of 12-14.5 weight%. This is because when the concentration of the acrylonitrile polymer is 6% by weight or more, the mechanical strength is improved, and when it is 16% by weight or less, the water permeability is improved, so that practical membrane performance is easily obtained.

ポリエチレングリコールは、上記アクリロニトリル系重合体と溶媒を溶解可能範囲に適宜組み合わせて行える。ポリエチレングリコールとしては、アクリロニトリル系重合体との溶解性を考慮すると、重量平均分子量が1,000〜6,000であることが必要であり、好ましくは1,500〜5,000、より好ましくは2,000〜4,500である。ポリエチレングリコールの重量平均分子量が1,000以上であると透水性が向上し、さらに6,000以下であると製膜原液の溶解性が向上する。 Polyethylene glycol can be used by appropriately combining the above acrylonitrile-based polymer and solvent within a soluble range. The polyethylene glycol needs to have a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000, preferably 1,500 to 5,000, more preferably 2 in consideration of solubility with the acrylonitrile polymer. 1,000 to 4,500. When the weight average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 1,000 or more, the water permeability is improved, and when it is 6,000 or less, the solubility of the film-forming stock solution is improved.

ポリエチレングリコールの添加量としては、1〜12重量%が好ましく、より好ましくは4〜12重量%、さらに好ましくは7〜9重量である。ポリエチレングリコールの添加量が1重量%以上とすると透水性能と機械的強度が向上し、さらに12重量%以下とすると溶解性が向上する。 The addition amount of polyethylene glycol is preferably 1 to 12% by weight, more preferably 4 to 12% by weight, and still more preferably 7 to 9% by weight. When the addition amount of polyethylene glycol is 1% by weight or more, water permeability and mechanical strength are improved, and when it is 12% by weight or less , solubility is improved.

アクリロニトリル系重合体を溶解する有機溶媒としては、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチレンカーボネート、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンなどを挙げることができる。特にアクリロニトリル系重合体とポリエチレングリコールとの相溶性が良く、比較的凝固点の高いジメチルスルホキシドが好ましく使用できる。   Examples of the organic solvent for dissolving the acrylonitrile-based polymer include dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In particular, dimethyl sulfoxide having good compatibility between the acrylonitrile polymer and polyethylene glycol and having a relatively high freezing point can be preferably used.

製膜原液と共に押し出す内部注入液としては、ジメチルスルホキシド水溶液を用いることが必須である。ジメチルスルホキシド水溶液の濃度としては、80重量%以上が必要であり、好ましくは80〜95重量%、さらには82〜92重量%、より好ましくは85〜92重量%である。ジメチルスルホキシド水溶液の濃度が80重量%以上とすると吐出ムラや糸切れなどを軽減できる。95重量%以下とすると中空糸内表面の平滑性が向上し、中空部の流動抵抗が軽減される。 It is essential to use an aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solution as the internal injection solution to be extruded together with the film-forming stock solution. The concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution, more than 80 wt% is required, preferably 80 to 95% by weight, more 82 to 92 wt%, more preferably 85 to 92 wt%. The concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution kills with mitigate such discharge unevenness and yarn breakage and to 80% by weight or more. When 95 wt% or less improves the smoothness of the hollow fiber inner surface, the flow resistance of the hollow portion is Ru is reduced.

本発明では、公知である中空糸用のチューブインオリフィス(2重環状オリフィス)を使い、上記の製膜原液をチューブインオリフィスより吐出して凝固浴中で凝固させる。この時の紡糸ドラフト比(オリフィスの原液吐出線速度/引取速度の比)が1〜20であることが好ましい。チューブインオリフィスの寸法は、紡糸ドラフトを考慮するとオリフィス外径が0.5〜10mmφ、チューブ外径0.3〜9.6mmφ、チューブ内径0.1〜9.4mmφであることが好ましい。また中空糸の通過するエアギャップは1〜60cmが好ましく、より好ましくは2〜40cm、さらに好ましくは2〜20cmになるように中空糸を紡出する。エアギャップが1cmを下回ると糸状形成不良が発生することがある。また60cmを超えるとエアギャップを通過する際に外表面および近傍で部分的にゲル化し、ドラフト比を高く設定した場合には、中空糸の長さ方向に高い張力を受けるので紡糸安定性が低下することがある。ここでエアギャップとは、チューブインオリフィスの吐出面と凝固浴の液面の距離を言う。エアギャップが1cmを超えると中空糸の真円度が向上し、さらに60cmを下回ると糸状の外表面および近傍で部分的にゲル化し、ドラフト比を高く設定した場合には、中空糸の長さ方向に高い張力を受けにくくなるので糸の変形や潰れなどが軽減される。 In the present invention, a known tube-in orifice (double annular orifice) for hollow fibers is used, and the film-forming stock solution is discharged from the tube-in orifice and coagulated in a coagulation bath. The spinning draft ratio at this time (the ratio of the orifice stock solution discharge linear speed / take-off speed) is preferably 1-20. The dimensions of the tube-in orifice are preferably an orifice outer diameter of 0.5 to 10 mmφ, a tube outer diameter of 0.3 to 9.6 mmφ, and a tube inner diameter of 0.1 to 9.4 mmφ in consideration of the spinning draft. The air gap through which the hollow fiber passes is preferably 1 to 60 cm, more preferably 2 to 40 cm, and still more preferably 2 to 20 cm. If the air gap is less than 1 cm, defective thread formation may occur. Also, if it exceeds 60 cm, gelation occurs partially on the outer surface and in the vicinity when passing through the air gap, and when the draft ratio is set high, the spinning stability decreases because high tension is applied in the length direction of the hollow fiber. There are things to do. Here, the air gap refers to the distance between the discharge surface of the tube-in orifice and the liquid surface of the coagulation bath. When the air gap exceeds 1 cm, the roundness of the hollow fiber is improved. When the air gap is less than 60 cm, gelation occurs partially on the outer surface of the filament and in the vicinity thereof, and when the draft ratio is set high, the length of the hollow fiber since Kukunaru high tension in a direction to accept deformation and collapse of the yarn is reduced.

エアギャップの雰囲気としては、中空糸の曳糸性や中空糸外表面に影響を与えるもので適宜温度と湿度を調整すれば良い。雰囲気温度としては、0〜40℃の範囲で相対湿度が20〜95%の範囲にあることが好ましい。   The atmosphere of the air gap affects the spinnability of the hollow fiber and the outer surface of the hollow fiber, and the temperature and humidity may be adjusted as appropriate. The ambient temperature is preferably in the range of 0 to 40 ° C. and the relative humidity in the range of 20 to 95%.

凝固浴温度としては、3〜40℃であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜30℃の範囲である。凝固浴温度が40℃を超えると相分離が速くなりマクロボイドなどの構造的なポリマー欠損部位が発生し易くなる。また、凝固温度が3℃を下回ると膜表面の相分離が抑制され膜の緻密化が進展して透水性の低下を招く。凝固温度が3℃以上であると透水性能が向上し、さらに40℃以下であると機械的強伸度が向上して、実用的な膜性能に近づけることができる。 The coagulation bath temperature is preferably 3 to 40 ° C , more preferably 5 to 30 ° C. When the coagulation bath temperature exceeds 40 ° C. , phase separation is accelerated and structural polymer deficient sites such as macrovoids are likely to occur. On the other hand, when the solidification temperature is lower than 3 ° C. , phase separation on the membrane surface is suppressed, and the membrane becomes denser, resulting in a decrease in water permeability. If the solidification temperature is at 3 ° C. or higher to improve water permeability, further 40 ° C. If it is below with improved mechanical strength and elongation, Ru can be brought close to the practical membrane performance.

凝固浴濃度としては、0〜40重量%の範囲のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液、或いは水単独でも構わない。ジメチルスルホキシド水溶液濃度としては、5〜35重量%の範囲、より好ましくは10〜30重量%の範囲である。ジメチルスルホキシド水溶液濃度を40重量%以下とすると実用的な透水性と機械的強度を得ることができる。また前記の製膜原液に使用した有機溶媒に水などの非溶媒を混合した混合液も適用することが可能である。 The concentration of the coagulation bath may be a dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution in the range of 0 to 40% by weight or water alone. The concentration of the dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution is in the range of 5 to 35% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10 to 30% by weight. Dimethyl sulfoxide solution concentrations can be obtained practical permeability and mechanical strength to 40% by weight or less. It is also possible to apply a mixed solution in which a non-solvent such as water is mixed with the organic solvent used in the film-forming stock solution.

図1〜4は、本発明の中空糸膜を構成する膜壁を例示、説明するための図面代用の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真である。図1は本発明の中空糸膜の横断面を示す写真(倍率:250倍)であり、図2は図1の横断面を拡大した写真(倍率10,000倍)である。これら横断面写真より、直径1μm程度の細孔による網目状組織が膜壁の主な部分を占めている。本発明の中空糸膜におけるスポンジ層とは、一体的に直径5μm未満の細孔が網目状に組織された層を言う。本中空糸膜において、実用的な耐圧性、機械的強度、および透水性を得るには、スポンジ層の厚さが100〜500μmの範囲にあることが必要である。スポンジ層の厚さを100μm以上とすると膜の耐圧性、機械的強度が向上し、500μm以下とすると透水性が向上する。 1 to 4 are scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs instead of drawings for illustrating and explaining the membrane wall constituting the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a photograph (magnification: 250 times) showing a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a photograph (magnification 10,000 times) of the cross section of FIG. From these cross-sectional photographs, a network structure composed of pores having a diameter of about 1 μm occupies the main part of the membrane wall. The sponge layer definitive hollow fiber membrane of the present invention refers to a layer pores less than integrally diameter 5μm was organized in a mesh shape. In the present hollow fiber membrane, in order to obtain practical pressure resistance, mechanical strength, and water permeability, the thickness of the sponge layer needs to be in the range of 100 to 500 μm. When the thickness of the sponge layer is 100 μm or more, the pressure resistance and mechanical strength of the film are improved, and when it is 500 μm or less, the water permeability is improved.

図3は本発明の中空糸膜の外表面を示す走査型電子顕微鏡写真(倍率:60,000倍)である。外表面には直径0.1μm以上の細孔が見られない。本発明に係る中空糸膜では、直径0.1μm未満の孔を外表面に有する緻密層が外側に形成され、境界は明確でないがそれに続くスポンジ層により補強されており、高いバブルポイント値を示す。図4は本発明の中空糸膜の内表面を観察した写真(倍率:10,000倍)である。内表面は写真のように1〜3μm程度の孔を有する網目状構造を呈している。 FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification: 60,000 times) showing the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention. The outer surface has a seen a pore diameter of at least 0.1 [mu] m. The hollow fiber membrane in the present invention, the dense layer is formed on the outside with a pore diameter of less than 0.1μm on the outer surface, the border is reinforced by is not clear sponge layer followed by a high bubble point value Show. FIG. 4 is a photograph (magnification: 10,000 times) observing the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention. The inner surface has a network structure having pores of about 1 to 3 μm as shown in the photograph.

本発明の製造方法により得られる中空糸膜は、外表面に直径0.1μm未満の微細孔を有し、外表面に続く膜壁の主な部分が細かなスポンジ組織で補強される構造で形成されている。これにより、破断強度を600〜1800(より好適には700〜18000)gf/(mm)、かつ破断伸度が70〜150(より好適には90〜150)%を発現する。このような破断強度および破断伸度の範囲にあると、エアスクラビングや逆洗などの物理洗浄を繰り返し行っても、充分な機械的強度を保持して糸切れが発生し難くなり、除濁・除菌性能の信頼性が向上する。また中空糸膜の透過水量が270〜800(より好適には350〜800)リットル/(m・hr・100(kPa))の範囲にあると、実用上の透過水量を得ることができる。 The hollow fiber membrane is obtained, et al by the production method of the present invention has a fine pore diameter of less than 0.1μm on the outer surface, a structure in which the main part of the membrane wall following the outer surface is reinforced with fine sponge tissue Is formed. As a result, the breaking strength is 600 to 1800 (more preferably 700 to 18000) gf / (mm 2 ), and the breaking elongation is 70 to 150 (more preferably 90 to 150)%. Within such a range of breaking strength and breaking elongation, even if physical cleaning such as air scrubbing or backwashing is repeated, sufficient mechanical strength is maintained and thread breakage is less likely to occur. The reliability of sterilization performance is improved. When the permeated water amount of the hollow fiber membrane is in the range of 270 to 800 (more preferably 350 to 800) liter / (m 2 · hr · 100 (kPa)), a practical permeated water amount can be obtained.

さらに膜の耐圧(外圧)性を測る指標として、原水の外圧全ろ過を5分間行った後、ろ過差圧が400(より好適には500)kPa以上で真円度が60%以上である。ここで真円度が60%を下回ると膜の弾性回復が難しくなる傾向にあり、再び膜に高いろ過差圧を与えると塑性変形して中空部の閉塞が起こり、透過水を得ることができなくなる。また一般的には、膜壁にマクロボイドなどの構造的欠陥があると高真円度であっても耐圧性が低いことが多い。本発明の中空糸膜を容器に装填した中空糸膜モジュールを使用すると、たとえば膜の有効長の長い大型(長尺)モジュールの作製が可能となり、縦型であれば同一設置面積当たりの処理容量を増加させることが可能にある。   Further, as an index for measuring the pressure resistance (external pressure) of the membrane, after performing the external pressure total filtration of raw water for 5 minutes, the filtration differential pressure is 400 (more preferably 500) kPa or more and the roundness is 60% or more. Here, when the roundness is less than 60%, it tends to be difficult to recover the elasticity of the membrane. When a high filtration differential pressure is applied to the membrane again, the hollow portion is blocked due to plastic deformation and permeate can be obtained. Disappear. In general, when there is a structural defect such as a macrovoid on the film wall, the pressure resistance is often low even if the circularity is high. When the hollow fiber membrane module in which the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is loaded in a container is used, for example, a large (long) module having a long effective membrane length can be produced. Can be increased.

本発明においては、各性能については下記のとおり評価した。
(1)極限粘度の値は、ウベローデ粘度計を用いて、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)を溶媒に使用し希釈法で35℃にて測定した。
In the present invention, each performance was evaluated as follows.
(1) The intrinsic viscosity was measured at 35 ° C. by a dilution method using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent using an Ubbelohde viscometer.

(2)中空糸寸法は、デジタルゲージを取り付けた実体顕微鏡(SMZ型、日本光学製)を使用し、中空糸内径(ID)および外径(OD)を測定した。 (2) The hollow fiber size was measured using a stereo microscope (SMZ type, manufactured by Nippon Optics) equipped with a digital gauge, and the hollow fiber inner diameter (ID) and outer diameter (OD) were measured.

(3)外表面および内表面の孔径は、任意の倍率で撮った外表面および内表面の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を選び、任意に選んだ1mmの領域内にある細孔の直径を測定し、それぞれの最大値を表面孔径とした。
また膜壁内部におけるスポンジ層に存在する細孔の孔径は、任意の倍率で撮った縦断面の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を選び、外表面、内表面のそれぞれの壁面より内部に40μm入った位置を境界として、境界内にある細孔の直径を測定し、その最大値をスポンジ層における孔径とした。
(3) The pore diameters of the outer surface and inner surface were selected from scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the outer surface and inner surface taken at an arbitrary magnification, and the diameter of the pores in the arbitrarily selected 1 mm 2 region. The maximum value of each was taken as the surface pore diameter.
The pore size of the pores present in the sponge layer inside the membrane wall, select a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a longitudinal section taken at an arbitrary magnification, 40 [mu] m inside from the respective wall surfaces of the outer surface, the inner surface With the entered position as the boundary, the diameter of the pores in the boundary was measured, and the maximum value was taken as the pore diameter in the sponge layer.

(4)中空糸膜の透過水量は、長さ200mmの中空糸膜からなるガラス管ミニモジュールを作製し、温度25℃、ろ過差圧50kPaの条件下で、実質的に微粒子などの固形物を含まない純水の外圧全ろ過を行い、その透過水量(リットル)を単位時間(h)および有効膜面積(m)あたりの値に換算した。単位はリットル/(m・h・100kPa)である。 (4) The amount of permeated water of the hollow fiber membrane is a glass tube mini-module made of a hollow fiber membrane having a length of 200 mm. The external pressure total filtration of the pure water which does not contain was performed, and the permeated water amount (liter) was converted into the value per unit time (h) and effective membrane area (m 2 ). The unit is liter / (m 2 · h · 100 kPa).

(5)中空糸膜の引っ張り強度および伸度は、テンシロン(東洋ボールドウィン社製)を使用して、サンプル長さ50mm、引っ張り速度50mm/分で測定した。破断強力は中空糸膜1本あたりの破断荷重(gf)とし、破断強度は中空糸膜1本あたりの最大荷重(gf)を、引っ張る前の膜断面積あたりの値(gf/mm)で表し、伸度(伸び)を元の長さに対する破断までに伸びた長さを百分率(%)で表した。 (5) The tensile strength and elongation of the hollow fiber membrane were measured using a Tensilon (manufactured by Toyo Baldwin) at a sample length of 50 mm and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min. The breaking strength is the breaking load (gf) per hollow fiber membrane, and the breaking strength is the maximum load (gf) per hollow fiber membrane, the value per membrane cross-sectional area before pulling (gf / mm 2 ). The elongation (elongation) was expressed as a percentage (%) of the length of the original length that was stretched before the break.

(6)耐圧は、試料長20cmの中空糸膜1本からなる、内径10mmφの金属管ミニチュアモジュールを作製し、所定のろ過差圧(kPa)にて原水の外圧全ろ過を5分間行った後の中空糸膜について、20mm間隔で外径の短径(A0)と(B0)を測定し、それぞれについて下記の式(1)にて真円度を算出して、その平均を真円度1とした。ここで耐圧とは、中空糸膜が平均60%の真円度を維持できる最も高いろ過差圧をいう。
真円度(%)={外径の短径(A0)/外径の長径(B0)}×100 (1)
(6) After producing a metal tube miniature module having an inner diameter of 10 mmφ consisting of one hollow fiber membrane having a sample length of 20 cm and performing a total filtration of raw water at a predetermined filtration differential pressure (kPa) for 5 minutes. For the hollow fiber membranes, the minor diameters (A0) and (B0) of the outer diameter were measured at intervals of 20 mm, the roundness was calculated by the following formula (1), and the average was calculated as roundness 1 It was. Here, the pressure resistance means the highest filtration differential pressure at which the hollow fiber membrane can maintain an average roundness of 60%.
Roundness (%) = {outer diameter minor axis (A0) / outer diameter major axis (B0)} × 100 (1)

図1〜4は、本発明の製造方法によって製造された中空糸膜の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真である。図1は本発明の中空糸膜の横断面を示す写真(倍率:250倍)であり、図2は図1の横断面を拡大した写真(倍率10,000倍)で直径1μm以上のボイドが含まれていないことが分かる。図3はその外表面を示す写真(倍率:60,000倍)である。本発明の外表面には、0.1μm以上の細孔が見られない。図4は本発明の中空糸膜の内表面を観察した写真(倍率:10,000倍)である。内表面は写真のように直径3μm未満の網目状構造を呈している。   1 to 4 are scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of hollow fiber membranes produced by the production method of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention (magnification: 250 times), and FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph of the cross-section of FIG. 1 (magnification 10,000 times), with voids having a diameter of 1 μm or more. It can be seen that it is not included. FIG. 3 is a photograph (magnification: 60,000 times) showing the outer surface. No pores of 0.1 μm or more are observed on the outer surface of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a photograph (magnification: 10,000 times) observing the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention. The inner surface has a network structure with a diameter of less than 3 μm as shown in the photograph.

(実施例1)
極限粘度が3.1(dl/g)のアクリロニトリル単独重合体を、平均分子量3,000のポリエチレグリコール(和光純薬社製、PEG4000)8重量%を含むジメチルスルホキシド溶媒に80℃で溶解させ、重合体濃度を13重量%の製膜原液として55℃で保温した。この製膜原液をチューブインオリフィス(環状オリフィス外径:4mmφ、チューブ外径1.4mmφ、チューブ内径1.0mmφ)に12.8g/分で供給し、85重量%のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液を4.8g/分と共に、エアギャップ3cmを介して、20重量%のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液を14℃に保温した凝固浴に吐出して凝固させて中空糸を得た後、引き続き中空糸を20重量%のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液を35℃に保温した浴槽を介して、さらに水温が60℃の水洗浴にて脱溶媒を繰り返して中空糸膜を得た。紡出する際のエアギャプの雰囲気は、温度21〜22℃で相対湿度40〜65%に調整した。 得られた中空糸膜は上記の図1〜4の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真で観察したとおりである。なお膜の性能、構造を表1に示した。
Example 1
Acrylonitrile homopolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.1 (dl / g) is dissolved at 80 ° C. in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent containing 8% by weight of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 3,000 (PEG 4000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) The polymer concentration was kept at 55 ° C. as a film-forming stock solution of 13% by weight. This film-forming stock solution is supplied to a tube-in orifice (annular orifice outer diameter: 4 mmφ, tube outer diameter 1.4 mmφ, tube inner diameter 1.0 mmφ) at 12.8 g / min, and 4.8 g of 85% by weight dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution is supplied. / Min., Through a 3 cm air gap, a 20% by weight dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution was discharged into a coagulation bath kept at 14 ° C. and solidified to obtain a hollow fiber. Solvent removal was repeated in a water-washing bath having a water temperature of 60 ° C. through a bath in which the aqueous solution was kept at 35 ° C. to obtain a hollow fiber membrane. The atmosphere of the air gap at the time of spinning was adjusted to a temperature of 21 to 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 40 to 65%. The obtained hollow fiber membrane is as observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of FIGS. The performance and structure of the membrane are shown in Table 1.

(実施例2)
実施例1の製膜原液を使用して、製膜原液を8.9g/分に、エアギャップを5cmにした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で製膜紡糸した。得られた中空糸膜を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、実施例1と同じ様な膜構造であった。なお膜の性能、構造を表1に示した。
(Example 2)
Using the membrane-forming stock solution of Example 1, membrane-spinning was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the membrane-forming stock solution was 8.9 g / min and the air gap was 5 cm. When the obtained hollow fiber membrane was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the membrane structure was the same as in Example 1. The performance and structure of the membrane are shown in Table 1.

(比較例1)
極限粘度が3.1(dl/g)のアクリロニトリル単独重合体を、平均分子量600のポリエチレグリコール(和光純薬社製、PEG600)10重量%を含むジメチルスルホキシド溶媒で80℃に溶解して、重合体濃度を13重量%の製膜原液として55℃で保温した。この製膜原液を使用して実施例1の条件に紡糸を行った。得られた中空糸膜の性能、構造を表1に示した。
(Comparative Example 1)
An acrylonitrile homopolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.1 (dl / g) was dissolved at 80 ° C. in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent containing 10% by weight of polyethylene glycol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., PEG 600) having an average molecular weight of 600. The combined concentration was kept at 55 ° C. as a film-forming stock solution of 13% by weight. Using this film-forming stock solution, spinning was performed under the conditions of Example 1. Table 1 shows the performance and structure of the obtained hollow fiber membrane.

(比較例2)
極限粘度が3.1(dl/g)のアクリロニトリル単独重合体を、平均分子量20,000のポリエチレグリコール(和光純薬社製、PEG20000)2重量%を含むジメチルスルホキシド溶媒で80℃に溶解して、重合体濃度を13重量%の製膜原液として55℃で保温した。この製膜原液を使用して実施例1の条件下に紡糸を行った。得られた中空糸膜の性能、構造を表1に示した。
(Comparative Example 2)
An acrylonitrile homopolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.1 (dl / g) was dissolved at 80 ° C. in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent containing 2% by weight of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 (PEG 20000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The film was kept at 55 ° C. as a film-forming stock solution having a polymer concentration of 13% by weight. Using this film-forming stock solution, spinning was carried out under the conditions of Example 1. Table 1 shows the performance and structure of the obtained hollow fiber membrane.

(比較例3)
実施例1と同じ製膜原液を使用して、紡糸に際して中空糸の内部凝固液をジメチルスルホキシド水溶液濃度78重量%にしてチューブインオリフィス(2重環状口金)のチューブより注入した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件に紡糸を行ったが、曳糸性(紡糸性)不良が発生して中空糸膜を得ることができなかった。
(Comparative Example 3)
Example 1 except that the same membrane-forming solution as in Example 1 was used, and the hollow fiber internal coagulation solution was injected through a tube of a tube-in orifice (double annular die) with a dimethyl sulfoxide aqueous solution concentration of 78% by weight during spinning. Spinning was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, but a spinnability (spinnability) defect occurred and a hollow fiber membrane could not be obtained.

(実施例3)
実施例1と同じ製膜原液を使用して、紡糸に際して中空糸の内部凝固液をジメチルスルホキシド水溶液濃度97重量%にしてチューブインオリフィス(2重環状口金)のチューブより注入した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件に紡糸を行った。得られた中空糸膜の性能、構造を表1にした。
(Example 3)
Example 1 except that the same membrane-forming solution as in Example 1 was used, and the hollow fiber internal coagulation solution was poured into a tube-in-orifice (double annular die) tube at a dimethylsulfoxide aqueous solution concentration of 97% by weight during spinning. Spinning was performed under the same conditions as in 1. Table 1 shows the performance and structure of the obtained hollow fiber membrane.

(比較例4)
極限粘度が1.2(dl/g)のアクリロニトリル共重合体(アクリロニトリル93.9モル%、アクリル酸メチル5.8モル%、メタクリル酸ソーダ0.3モル%)に平均分子量3,000のポリエチレグリコール(和光純薬社製、PEG4000)8重量%を含むジメチルスルホキシド溶媒で80℃に溶解し、重合体濃度を13重量%の製膜原液として55℃で保温した。この製膜原液を使用して実施例1の条件に紡糸を行った。得られた中空糸膜の性能、構造を表1に示した。なお中空糸膜の内部にマクロボイドが発生していた。
(Comparative Example 4)
Polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 3,000 with an acrylonitrile copolymer (acrylonitrile 93.9 mol%, methyl acrylate 5.8 mol%, sodium methacrylate 0.3 mol%) having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.2 (dl / g) A dimethyl sulfoxide solvent containing 8 wt% of glycol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., PEG 4000) was dissolved at 80 ° C., and the temperature was kept at 55 ° C. as a film-forming stock solution having a polymer concentration of 13 wt%. Using this film-forming stock solution, spinning was performed under the conditions of Example 1. Table 1 shows the performance and structure of the obtained hollow fiber membrane. Macrovoids were generated inside the hollow fiber membrane.

Figure 2006000810
Figure 2006000810

本発明の中空糸膜に関する一様態の横断面(一部)を示す電子顕微鏡写真(倍率250倍)である。It is an electron micrograph (magnification 250 times) which shows the cross section (part) of the one aspect | mode regarding the hollow fiber membrane of this invention. 図1に示す中空糸膜の横断面(一部)を示す電子顕微鏡写真(倍率10,000倍)である。It is an electron micrograph (magnification 10,000 times) which shows the cross section (part) of the hollow fiber membrane shown in FIG. 図1に示す中空糸膜の外表面の電子顕微鏡写真(倍率60,000倍)である。2 is an electron micrograph (magnification 60,000 times) of the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane shown in FIG. 1. 図1に示す中空糸膜の内表面の電子顕微鏡写真(倍率10,000倍)である。2 is an electron micrograph (magnification 10,000 times) of the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane shown in FIG. 1.

Claims (3)

極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体、平均分子量が1,000〜6,000のポリエチレングリコール、およびジメチルスルホキシドからなる製膜原液を、80重量%以上のジメチルスルホキシド水溶液の内部注入液とに、2重環状オリフィスから、凝固浴に押し出して凝固させる工程を有することを特徴するポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜の製造方法。 A film-forming stock solution comprising an acrylonitrile polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.0 (dl / g) or more, a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and an aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide of 80 % by weight or more inside infusate co of the double annular orifice method for producing a polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membranes comprising the step of coagulating extruded into the coagulation bath. 極限粘度が2.0(dl/g)以上のアクリロニトリル系重合体からなる中空糸膜であって、少なくとも中空糸膜内部に、直径5μm未満の孔径を有する厚さ100〜500μmのスポンジ層を有し、かつ、直径0.1μm未満の孔径を前記中空糸膜の外表面に有することを特徴とするポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜。 A hollow fiber membrane having intrinsic viscosities consist 2.0 (dl / g) or more acrylonitrile polymer, within at least the hollow fiber membrane, have a sponge layer having a thickness of 100~500μm having a pore size diameter of less than 5μm and, either one, polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane characterized by having a pore size diameter of less than 0.1μm on the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane. 請求項2記載の中空糸膜を容器に装填して得られるポリアクリロニトリル系中空糸膜モジュール。 Polyacrylonitrile-based hollow fiber membrane module obtained hollow fiber membrane according to claim 2 Symbol placement was charged in a container.
JP2004182394A 2004-06-21 2004-06-21 Method for manufacturing hollow fiber membrane, hollow fiber membrane and hollow fiber membrane module prepared by using the same Withdrawn JP2006000810A (en)

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