JP2005508348A - Valdecoxib composition that disintegrates in the mouth manufactured by spray drying method - Google Patents
Valdecoxib composition that disintegrates in the mouth manufactured by spray drying method Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005508348A JP2005508348A JP2003533908A JP2003533908A JP2005508348A JP 2005508348 A JP2005508348 A JP 2005508348A JP 2003533908 A JP2003533908 A JP 2003533908A JP 2003533908 A JP2003533908 A JP 2003533908A JP 2005508348 A JP2005508348 A JP 2005508348A
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- saccharide
- valdecoxib
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Abstract
口内で崩壊するバルデコキシブ速溶解性錠剤およびこのような製剤の製造方法を提供する。該組成物は、シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2が介在する症状および障害の治療または予防に有用である。Valdecoxib fast-dissolving tablets that disintegrate in the mouth and methods for producing such formulations are provided. The composition is useful for the treatment or prevention of conditions and disorders mediated by cyclooxygenase-2.
Description
【技術分野】
【0001】
本発明は、活性成分としてバルデコキシブを含む口内で崩壊する医薬組成物、このような組成物の製造方法、および、このような組成物を患者に経口投与することを含む、シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2が介在する障害の治療方法に関する。
【背景技術】
【0002】
化合物4−(5−メチル−3−フェニル−4−イソオキサゾリル)ベンゼンスルホンアミド(また本明細書においてはバルデコキシブともいう)は、Talley等の米国特許第5,633,272号(参照により本発明に加える)で、該化合物および関連化合物の製造方法と共に開示された。バルデコキシブは、以下の構造を有する:
【化1】
【0003】
上述の米国特許第5,633,272号で報告された化合物は、例えばバルデコキシブであり、これらは、シクロオキシゲナーゼ−1(COX−1)阻害よりシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2(COX−2)阻害に対して高い選択性を有する有用な抗炎症性剤、鎮痛剤および解熱剤として開示されている。上述の米国特許第5,633,272号はまた、このような化合物を投与するための製剤、例えば経口送達可能な製剤(例えば錠剤やカプセル)についての一般的な参照も記載されている。
【0004】
バルデコキシブの水溶性は極めて低い。例えばDionne(1999年)の「COX−2 inhibitors−IBC Conference,12−13 April 1999,Coronado,CA,U.S.A.」,IDrugs,2(7),664〜666を参照。
【0005】
米国特許第5,576,014号(参照により本発明に加える)は、湿式造粒法で製造された口腔内で溶解する圧縮成形体を開示しており、該特許においては、低い成形性の糖類を高い成形性の糖類と共に粒状化し、粒状物を作製し、次にこれを成形体に圧縮する。得られた成形体は、薬剤を包含させることができ、口腔での迅速な崩壊および溶解を示すが、生産および流通の際に崩壊しない程度に十分な硬度を維持すると述べられている。米国特許第5,576,014号の圧縮成形体は、「速溶解性錠剤」として知られている種類の製剤であり、迅速な崩壊性を示し、通常はキャリアー物質(一般的には糖類)を共に含み、通常は唾液に含まれる水分以外の水分を必要とせずに口内で迅速な薬剤溶解または分散が起こる。このような錠剤に配合された薬剤は、容易に飲み込むことができる。
【0006】
共に譲渡された国際特許公報番号WO01/41761は、即効性特性を有する経口送達可能なバルデコキシブ組成物を開示している。ここで開示された組成物はいずれも口内で崩壊する組成物ではない。
【発明の開示】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【0007】
多くの口内で崩壊する組成物が有する周知の問題は、糖類および/または甘味剤および/または矯味矯臭薬剤が含まれていたとしても、包含される活性薬剤が不快な味を生じさせることである。一般的に、特定の口内崩壊製剤に存在する活性薬剤の量が減少するにつれ、および/または、薬剤の水溶性が減少するにつれ、製剤の苦味および/または酸味が低くなる。例えばLieberman等(1989年),Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets,第1巻,第381頁,Marcel Dekker,New Yorkを参照。バルデコキシブは、極めて低い水溶性を有し比較的低い用量ですむ薬剤であることから、口内で崩壊する組成物として配合される場合、その感覚刺激特性は、許容できる範囲であるか、また悪くても、不快度がおだやかであると思われる。しかしながら、驚くべきことに、我々は、バルデコキシブは極めて不快な味を有することを明らかにした。従って、許容できる感覚刺激特性を有する口内で崩壊するバルデコキシブ組成物が必要性である。
【0008】
味マスキング技術は、適度な水溶性または高い水溶性を有する薬剤の口内での溶解を抑制することによって作用するものであり、薬剤の製剤に適用されてきた。例えばLieberman等(1989年)(前掲書中)を参照。このような場合、味覚が改善されるのは、消化管に入る前に口で溶解する薬剤量が減少することによるものと考えられている。しかしながら、バルデコキシブの水溶性がもともと極めて低い場合は、口内でのバルデコキシブ溶解をさらに減少させても感覚刺激特性が改善されないと考えられていた。加えて、バルデコキシブの水溶性がさらに減少すると、治療効果の出現が許容できないほど遅延する恐れがあった。しかしながら、驚くべきことに、我々は、改善された感覚刺激特性を示し、さらに、即効性のある治療効果も示す、感覚刺激的に許容できる口内で崩壊するバルデコキシブ組成物の製造方法を見出した。
【課題を解決するための手段】
【0009】
従って、本発明は、口内で崩壊するバルデコキシブ組成物(例えば速溶解性錠剤)の製造方法を提供し、該方法は、粒状バルデコキシブを提供する工程;口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を容器中で水に溶解する工程;バルデコキシブを水に分散する工程、および、場合により水を加熱する工程を含む。溶解する工程、分散する工程、および場合により加熱する工程は、あらゆる順序で、または同時に行われ、それにより、スプレー用液を得ることができる。該方法は、スプレー用液を噴霧乾燥し、錠剤形成配合物を作製する工程、および、錠剤形成配合物を圧縮し、錠剤を作製する工程をさらに含む。本発明の方法において、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の水に溶解する総量は、方法が完了した際に、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの添加剤が、錠剤の約50質量%〜約99質量%、好ましくは約50質量%〜約95質量%、より好ましくは約50質量%〜約90質量%で含まれるような量である。
【0010】
該方法は、場合により、噴霧乾燥工程の前に、容器に湿潤剤またはこのような湿潤剤の水溶液を加える工程をさらに含む。
【0011】
このような方法により製造された組成物は、本発明の実施形態の一つである。
【0012】
本発明はまた、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供する。該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%、好ましくは約50質量%〜約95質量%、より好ましくは約50質量%〜約90質量%である。
【0013】
本明細書において「均質な結合」としては、例えば、バルデコキシブが口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤と混合されること、バルデコキシブが口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤に埋め込まれるか包含されること、バルデコキシブが口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤の粒子上にコーティングを形成すること(逆もまた同様)が挙げられ、さらに、バルデコキシブが口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤全体にわたり実質的に均一に分散されること、が挙げられる。例えば、このような均質な結合は、上記で開示された方法により形成される;その代わりに、または、それに加えて、本発明の組成物を製造する際に、このような均質な結合を形成する他の手段を用いてもよい。
【0014】
本明細書において、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤と均質に結合したバルデコキシブは「バルデコキシブ複合体」ともいう。本明細書において用語「実質的に均一な」は、複数の成分を含む複合体または医薬組成物に関する場合、組成物中で個々の成分が分離した層で存在せず、濃度勾配が生じないように成分が十分に混合されたことを意味する。理論にとらわれずにいえば、本発明の方法および組成物、および/または、バルデコキシブと口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤との均質な結合において、バルデコキシブに対して口内で迅速な溶解性を示す添加剤が相対的に高い割合であることにより、改善された感覚刺激特性を有するバルデコキシブ複合体が形成されるものと考えられる。
【0015】
特に有用な口内で崩壊する本発明の組成物は、水またはその他の液体を飲む必要のない口内で溶解する迅速に崩壊する経口製剤である(例えば速溶解性剤)。本発明で用いられる用語「速溶解性剤」は、錠剤などの組成物を意味し、このような組成物において、活性物質または薬剤は、マトリックス中に分配または分散されており、このようなマトリックスは、患者への該組成物の経口投与すると口腔で崩壊し薬剤が放出されるようなキャリアーで形成されており、飲み込みおよびそれに続く吸収により消化管に導入するために一般的には粒状である。用語「口腔」は、口内部全体を含み、これは、口腔(歯および歯肉の前部の口腔部分)だけでなく、舌下および舌上部の空間も含む。
【0016】
「感覚刺激的に許容できる」製剤、または、「許容できる感覚刺激特性」を有する製剤は、本明細書において、治療剤の単回投与分の量で口内で相互作用する際に、ヒトの大多数が知覚するような、または、以下で説明されるようなブラインドでの味覚評価研究の分析により決定されるような、過度に不快な味、臭いまたは口内の感触(例えば著しく苦い味)を有さないものをいう。
【0017】
本発明の方法および組成物により、許容できない程に即効性特性または治療有効性を犠牲にすることなく、バルデコキシブの許容できない感覚刺激特性が克服されることが見出された。従って、当業界でかなり先立って、本発明は、バルデコキシブを感覚刺激的に許容できる速溶解性製剤で提供する。本発明の組成物の特定の利点は、感覚刺激特性、許容できる治療効果の出現特性が改善されたことであり、このような組成物は、本明細書で説明される方法により効率的に製造することができる。
【0018】
発明の詳細な説明
本発明の特定の実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む口内速溶解性組成物であり、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容できる。口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤は、組成物中で、バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合しており、その総量は、約50質量%〜約99質量%、好ましくは約50質量%〜約95質量%、より好ましくは約50質量%〜約90質量%である。
【0019】
本発明の関連する実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、前記バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供し、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%であり、該組成物は、ヒトの口腔に置いた後、約60秒以内、好ましくは約30秒以内、より好ましくは約15秒以内で崩壊する。
【0020】
本発明のその他の関連する実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、前記バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供し、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%であり、該組成物は、米国薬局方24のインビトロでの崩壊試験番号701を行った場合、約300秒未満、好ましくは約200秒未満、より好ましくは約100秒未満の崩壊時間を示す。
【0021】
本発明のその他の実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、前記バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供し、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%であり、該組成物をヒトへ投与することにより、経口投与後約0.5時間以内、好ましくは約0.3時間以内で、治療効果のためのバルデコキシブの閾値濃度が得られる。
【0022】
「治療効果のための閾値濃度」は、バルデコキシブ投与のための特定の適応症における治療上の利点に合致するバルデコキシブの最小血清濃度を意味する。一般的には、この閾値濃度は、少なくとも約20ng/ml、例えば約25ng/ml〜約75ng/mlである。
【0023】
当然のことながら、治療効果のための閾値濃度を得るのに有効なバルデコキシブ量は、特に治療される患者の体重による。患者が子供または小動物(例えばイヌ)である場合、例えば、治療上有効な範囲の約1mg〜約100mgの比較的低いバルデコキシブ量で、閾値濃度およびCmax基準に合致する血清濃度が得られる可能性がある。患者が成人または大きい動物(例えばウマ)である場合、バルデコキシブの指示された血清濃度は、比較的大量のバルデコキシブ投与を必要とする可能性がある。成人に関して、指示された血清濃度を得ることができる、本発明の組成物中で適切な1用量あたりのバルデコキシブ量は、一般的には、約5mg〜約40mgである。
【0024】
本発明の関連する実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供し、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%であり、該組成物をヒトへ投与することにより、約100ng/ml以上の最大血清濃度(Cmax)が得られる。
【0025】
本発明のその他の関連する実施形態は、(a)治療有効量の粒状バルデコキシブ、および(b)口内で迅速な溶解性を示し、バルデコキシブ粒子と均質に結合する少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む、口内で崩壊する組成物を提供し、該組成物は、感覚刺激的に許容でき、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤の総量は、組成物の約50質量%〜約99質量%であり、該組成物をヒトへ投与することにより、最大血清濃度(Tmax)に達する時間を約5時間以下、好ましくは約4時間以下、より好ましくは約3時間以下とすることができる。
【0026】
本発明の組成物の成分
本発明の組成物は、活性成分としてバルデコキシブ、および、口内で迅速な溶解性を示す少なくとも1つの製薬上許容できる添加剤を含む。場合により、本発明の組成物は、1またはそれ以上の追加の製薬上許容できる添加剤を含んでもよく、このような添加剤としては、ただしこれらに限定されないが、水溶性潤滑剤、水不溶性潤滑剤、崩壊剤、流動促進剤、甘味料、矯味矯臭薬剤、着色剤などが挙げられる。このような任意の追加成分は、物理的および化学的に組成物のその他の成分と適合すべきであり、受容者にとって有毒であってはならない。
【0027】
バルデコキシブ
本発明の方法および組成物は、活性薬剤としてのバルデコキシブに特に適している。粒状バルデコキシブの製造方法それ自体は知られており、例えば上述の米国特許第5,474,995号で説明された方法がある(参照により本発明に加える)。重要なことには、あらゆる固形状バルデコキシブが本発明の方法および組成物に用いることができ、国際特許公報番号98/06708(参照により本発明に加える)で説明されている。
【0028】
本発明のバルデコキシブ投与単位は、バルデコキシブを治療有効量の約1mg〜約100mg、好ましくは約5mg〜約50mgで含む。本発明の組成物は、粒状バルデコキシブを含む。一次のバルデコキシブ粒子は、例えばミリングまたはグライディングで製造される、または溶液からの沈殿により製造され、これらを凝集させて、二次の粒子集合体を作製することができる。本発明で用いられる用語「粒度」は、特に規定がなされない限り、一次粒子の最長寸法のサイズを意味する。粒度は、バルデコキシブの臨床的な有効性に影響を与える重要なパラメーターと考えられる。従って、実施形態において、バルデコキシブ製剤は、D90粒度が約75μm未満になるようなバルデコキシブの粒度分布を有する。本明細書において「D90粒度」は、粒子の90質量%がその最長寸法においてその粒度より小さいような粒度と定義される。それに加えて、または、その代わりに、本発明の製剤におけるバルデコキシブ粒子は、好ましくは約1μm〜約10μm、最も好ましくは約5μm〜約7μmの質量平均粒度を有する。
【0029】
口内で迅速な溶解を示す添加剤
口内で迅速な溶解を示す適切な添加剤としては、水溶性の、かなり水溶性の、極めて水溶性の製薬上許容できる添加剤が挙げられ、例えばAnsel等(1995年),Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,第6版,第228頁,Williams&Wilkins,Baltimoreで説明されている。好ましくは、このような添加剤は、甘い味を有する。本発明の組成物および方法で用いられる、本発明において好ましい口内で迅速な溶解を示す添加剤のクラスは、炭水化物である。特に好ましい口内で迅速な溶解を示す添加剤は、糖類であり、例えば、低い成形性の糖類、および、高い成形性の糖類である。
【0030】
本発明において好ましい低い成形性の糖類としては、ラクトースおよびマンニトール、特に無方向性(non−direct)圧縮形態または粉末形態のマンニトールが挙げられ、Kibbe(2000年),Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,第3版,Pharmaceutical Press,第324〜328頁で説明されている。本発明において好ましい高い成形性の糖類としては、マルトース、マルチトール、および、ソルビトールが挙げられる。あるいは、ある種のオリゴ糖も有用であり得る。用いられるオリゴ糖は、口腔で迅速な溶解を示し、2またはそれ以上の単糖類残基からなるものであれば、特に制限されない。オリゴ糖が用いられる場合、2〜6個の単糖類残基からなるオリゴ糖が好ましく、オリゴ糖で構成される単糖類残基の種類および組み合わせは限定されない。特に好ましい高い成形性の糖類は、マルトースおよびマルチトール、より特定にはマルトースである。
【0031】
本発明の組成物において高い成形性の糖類と低い成形性の糖類との両方が存在する場合、許容できる錠剤硬度と迅速な口内崩壊との組み合わせを維持するのに、高い成形性の糖類の低い成形性の糖類に対する質量比が重要である。適切な割合は、低い成形性の糖類100質量部あたり、高い成形性の糖類が約2〜約20質量部、好ましくは約5〜約10質量部、より好ましくは約5〜約7.5質量部である。
【0032】
低い成形性の糖類に対する高い成形性の糖類の割合が、質量比約2:100未満の場合、一般的には、望ましい錠剤の硬度を得ることができず、その結果、貯蔵、運送または取り扱い中の破壊率が高まる。あるいは、低い成形性の糖類に対する高い成形性の糖類の割合が、質量比約20:100を超過する場合、錠剤は堅くなりすぎ、口腔での望ましい迅速な崩壊が達成されない。
【0033】
1またはそれ以上の口内で迅速な溶解を示す添加剤の総量は、一般的には、本発明の組成物において、約45〜約95%、好ましくは約50〜約87%、より好ましくは約55〜約80%である。
【0034】
湿潤剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる湿潤剤を含む。界面活性剤、親水性ポリマーおよびある種の粘土が、噴霧乾燥顆粒化プロセスの際にバルデコキシブのような疎水性薬剤の湿潤を促進するための湿潤剤として有用であり得る。
【0035】
本発明の組成物において湿潤剤として用いることができる界面活性剤の限定されない例としては、第4級アンモニウム化合物、例えば塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウムおよび塩化セチルピリジニウム、ジオクチルナトリウムスルホスクシネート、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、例えばノンオキシノール9、ノンオキシノール10、およびオクトキシノール9、ポロキサマー(ポリオキシエチレンおよびポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー)、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸グリセリドおよび油類、例えばポリオキシエチレン(8)カプリル/カプリンモノおよびジグリセリド(例えば、GattefosseのLabrasolTM)、ポリオキシエチレン(35)ヒマシ油およびポリオキシエチレン(40)硬化ヒマシ油;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、例えばポリオキシエチレン(20)セトステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル、例えばポリオキシエチレン(40)ステアリン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンエステル、例えばポリソルベート20およびポリソルベート80(例えば、ICIのTweenTM80)、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、例えばラウリン酸プロピレングリコール(例えば、GattefosseのLauroglycolTM)、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、脂肪酸およびそれらの塩、例えばオレイン酸、オレイン酸ナトリウムおよびトリエタノールアミンオレエート、グリセリル脂肪酸エステル、例えばモノステアリン酸グリセリン、ソルビタンエステル、例えばモノラウリン酸ソルビタン、モノオレイン酸ソルビタン、モノパルミチン酸ソルビタンおよびモノステアリン酸ソルビタン、チロキサポール、ならびにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。本発明の組成物において好ましい湿潤剤は、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムである。
【0036】
1またはそれ以上の湿潤剤の総量は、場合により、一般的には、本発明の組成物において、組成物の約0.05質量%〜約5質量%、好ましくは約0.075質量%〜約2.5質量%、より好ましくは約0.25質量%〜約1質量%、例えば約0.5質量%である。
【0037】
水不溶性潤滑剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、キャリアー物質として1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる水不溶性潤滑剤を含む。適切な水不溶性潤滑剤としては、それぞれ個々に、または、組み合わせて、グリセリルベハペート(behapate)(例えばCompritolTM888)、ステアレート(ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、およびステアリン酸ナトリウム)、ステアリン酸、硬化植物油(例えば、SterotexTM)、コロイドシリカ、タルク、ワックスおよびそれらの混合物が挙げられる。場合により、例えばステアリン酸カルシウム/ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム混合物(例えば、SterowetTM)のような湿潤剤との混合物において、水不溶性潤滑剤を用いることができる。
【0038】
好ましい水不溶性潤滑剤は、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸およびそれらの混合物である。
【0039】
1またはそれ以上の水不溶性潤滑剤の総量は、場合により、一般的には、本発明の組成物において、組成物の約0.05質量%〜約5質量%、好ましくは約0.75質量%〜約2.5質量%、より好ましくは約1質量%〜約2質量%、例えば、約1.5質量%である。
【0040】
水溶性潤滑剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる水溶性潤滑剤を含む。水溶性潤滑剤は、錠剤の溶解特性の向上を促進することができる。本発明の組成物で用いることができる水溶性潤滑剤としては、それぞれ個々に、または、組み合わせて、例えば、ホウ酸、安息香酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、フマル酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、DL−ロイシン、ポリエチレングリコール(例えば、CarbowaxTM4000およびCarbowaxTM6000)、およびオレイン酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。
【0041】
崩壊剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる崩壊剤を含む。しかしながら、本発明において提供される経口の速溶解性錠剤は、一般的には、口腔で迅速に崩壊し、追加の崩壊剤を必要としない。適切な崩壊剤としては、場合により、それぞれ個々に、または、組み合わせて、スターチ、グリコール酸ナトリウムスターチ、粘土(例えばVeegumTMHV)、セルロース(例えば精製セルロース、メチルセルロース、ナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロースおよびカルボキシメチルセルロース)、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、アルジネート、アルファ化コーンスターチ(例えばNationalTM1551およびNationalTM1550)、クロスポピドン、およびガム(例えば寒天、グァーガム、ローカストビーンガム、カラヤゴム、ペクチンおよびトラガカントガム)が挙げられる。崩壊剤は、特に顆粒化前の組成物製造中、または、打錠成型前の製剤化工程中のあらゆる適切な工程において添加することができる。好ましい崩壊剤は、クロスカルメロースナトリウムおよびグリコール酸ナトリウムスターチである。
【0042】
1またはそれ以上の崩壊剤の総量は、場合により、組成物の約0.05質量%〜約15質量%、好ましくは約0.5質量%〜約10質量%、より好ましくは約1質量%〜約3.5質量%である。
【0043】
流動促進剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、例えば錠剤形成物質の錠剤ダイスへの流動を高めるために、錠剤形成物質のパンチやダイスへのこう着を防ぐために、またはつやのある錠剤を製造するために、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる流動促進剤を含む。流動促進剤は、特に顆粒化の前の組成物製造中、または、打錠成型前の製剤化工程中のあらゆる適切な工程で添加することができる。
【0044】
理論にとらわれずにいえば、流動促進剤、例えばタルクまたは二酸化ケイ素は、ある状況においては、薬剤粒子間の界面張力を減少させるように作用し、薬剤の凝集を阻害および/または減少させる効果を有する、薬剤粉末表面での帯電を減少させるように作用する、および、粒子間の摩擦および薬剤粒子表面のしわを減少させるように作用すると考えられている。例えば、York(1975年),J.Pharm.Sci.,64(7),1216〜1221を参照。
【0045】
好ましい滑剤は、二酸化ケイ素である。本発明の組成物を製造するのに用いられる適切な二酸化ケイ素製品としては、ヒュームドシリカまたはコロイドシリカ(例えば、Cabot社のCab−O−SilTM、および、DegussaのAerosilTM)が挙げられる。二酸化ケイ素の総量は、本発明の組成物に存在する場合、組成物の約0.05質量%〜約5質量%、好ましくは約0.1質量%〜約2質量%、より好ましくは約0.25質量%〜約1質量%、例えば、約0.5質量%である。
【0046】
甘味剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる甘味料を含む。本発明の組成物で用いることができる甘味料の限定されない例としては、マンニトール、プロピレングリコール、サッカリンナトリウム、アセスルファムカリウム、ネオテーム、アスパルテームなどが挙げられる。
【0047】
矯味矯臭薬剤
本発明の組成物は、場合により、1またはそれ以上の製薬上許容できる矯味矯臭薬剤を含む。本発明の組成物で用いることができる矯味矯臭薬剤の限定されない例としては、ペパーミント、スペアミント、ブドウ、サクランボ、イチゴ、レモンなどが挙げられる。
【0048】
錠剤の特性
サイズおよび形状
好ましい実施形態において、本発明の組成物は、別々の固体の投与単位形態であり、最も好ましくは錠剤の形態である。本発明の錠剤は、あらゆる望ましいサイズ、例えば8mm、10mm、12mmなど;形状、例えば丸型、卵型、長円形など;質量;および、厚さ、に成形することができる。場合により、本発明の固体の投与単位は、片面または両面にエッチングまたはモノグラムがあってもよい。
【0049】
崩壊
本発明の好ましい錠剤組成物は、標準的なインビトロでの崩壊分析(例えば、米国薬局方24(2000)、試験番号701に従って行われる)で処理した後、300秒未満、好ましくは約200秒未満、より好ましくは約100秒未満、例えば約30秒間で崩壊する。
【0050】
その代わりに、または、それに加えて、本発明の好ましい速溶解性組成物は、被検体の口腔におかれた後、約60秒間、好ましくは約30秒以内、より好ましくは約15秒以内に崩壊する。
【0051】
硬度
本発明の固形製剤の硬度は、サイズおよび形状に依存し、同様に、その他の特性のなかでも組成に依存し得る。錠剤の硬度は、当業界既知のあらゆる方法で測定することができ、例えば錠剤硬度メーター(例えばSchleuniger)により測定することができる。好ましくは、本発明の組成物の硬度は、約1〜約10kp、より好ましくは約1〜約6kpである。
【0052】
本発明において好ましい実施形態において、本発明の固形製剤は、取り扱いに十分な硬度を有し、それゆえに、通常の錠剤の場合と同様の方法で実用可能である。本発明で用いられる用語「取り扱いに十分な硬度」は、少なくとも標準的なタイプのブリスター包装からの取り出しに耐え得る硬度、または、包装、配達、運搬などのその他の取り扱いに耐え得る硬度を意味する。
【0053】
本発明の錠剤は、好ましくは、カバーシートを破って錠剤を押出すことにより標準的なブリスター包装から取り出す際に錠剤が破壊しないような最小硬度を有する。適切な硬度は、直径約8mmの錠剤に関しては約1kpまたはそれ以上、直径約10mmの錠剤に関しては約1.5kpまたはそれ以上、直径約12mmの錠剤に関しては約2kpまたはそれ以上である。
【0054】
その他の本発明において好ましい実施形態において、本発明の錠剤は、このような錠剤を個々に包装することなく複数で例えばガラスまたはプラスチックビンに一緒に包装し、通常の輸送や取り扱いの際に相当な破壊またはこう着および/または融合を示さないような十分な硬度を有する。このような包装が意図される錠剤は、好ましくは、約3kpまたはそれ以上の硬度を有する。
【0055】
包装
本発明の組成物は、当業界既知のあらゆる適切な方法で包装することができる。例えば、例えばガラスまたはプラスチックビンまたはコンテナーに、多数の速溶解性錠剤を一緒に包装することができる。あるいは、本発明の速溶解性錠剤は、例えばプラスチックまたは箔で個々に包むこともできる、または、既知の形態のブリスター包装で包装することもできる。Grabowskiの米国特許第5,954,204号(参照により本発明に加える)に説明されたような力分布特性が改善されたブリスター包装が、本発明の速溶解性錠剤を包装するのに特に有用であり得る。
【0056】
速溶解性錠剤の投与
本発明の組成物は、患者の選択または症状に応じてあらゆる経口投与手段で患者に摂取させることができる。例えば、本発明の速溶解性錠剤は、水なしで摂取することができる。口腔に、特に頬の内側または舌の上に置くと、このような錠剤は唾液に晒され、迅速に崩壊し、そこで溶解する。口内の圧力(例えば口蓋と舌との間の圧力)または舐める圧力もしくは吸う圧力が錠剤に働いた場合、崩壊速度および/または溶解速度はさらに増加する。
【0057】
あるいは、本発明の錠剤は、口腔を湿らし、錠剤の崩壊を促進するのに十分な量の水を用いて摂取してもよい。また、本発明の錠剤は、口腔で完全に崩壊させるか一部崩壊させた後、少量の水と共に飲み込んでもよい。本発明の組成物はまた、水で直接飲み込んでもよい。
【0058】
速溶解性錠剤の製造方法
以下に説明する方法は、本発明のバルデコキシブ速溶解性錠剤の製造方法を限定するものではなく、説明するものである。重要なことには、製造方法の特定の設定およびパラメーターは、特に望ましい特性を有する錠剤を製造するために、当業者により容易に最適化することができる。
【0059】
この説明のための方法において、マルトースおよびマンニトールを水の入った容器で溶解し、これを約50℃〜約80℃、例えば約70℃に加熱する。次に、バルデコキシブをホモジナイザーで容器に分散する。水の入った第二の容器で、湿潤剤、例えばラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを溶解する。次に、第一および第二の容器の内容を合わせて混合物を作製する。この混合物をニロラボラトリーモバイルマイナースプレードライヤーを用いて噴霧乾燥し、乾燥顆粒を作製する。次に、この乾燥顆粒を、場合により、あらゆる望ましい添加剤、例えば矯味矯臭薬剤、甘味料および潤滑剤と混合し、錠剤形成配合物を作製する。次に、得られた錠剤形成配合物を、目的の錠剤質量および硬度になるまで回転式錠剤プレス機で圧縮する。次に、得られた錠剤を、錠剤の硬度を増加させる効果を有する温度制御されたチャンバーで、例えば空気流処理を施す。
【0060】
打錠成型
圧縮とは、上述のように製造された顆粒の錠剤形成配合物の適量を、上部のパンチと下部パンチの間で圧縮し、物質を一つの固形製剤(例えば錠剤)に統合する方法をいう。本発明の速溶解性錠剤の製造方法において、あらゆる適切な圧縮手段を用いることができ、このような手段としては、例えば、パンチ錠剤機、または、高速回転式錠剤プレス機が挙げられる。錠剤形成圧力は、限定されず、得られた錠剤の望ましい硬度および溶解特性に応じた適切な圧力を選択することができる。以下で説明するような温度処理および湿度処理を錠剤に施せは、好ましくは、錠剤は、約0.75〜約1.5kpの初期硬度に圧縮される(温度処理および湿度処理の前に)。
【0061】
温度処理および湿度処理
場合により、打錠成型工程後に熱処理および湿度処理を本発明の錠剤に施してもよい。このような処理は、湿度チャンバーで行うことができ、例えば錠剤の硬度を高めることができる。説明すれば、この処理の間、錠剤は、初めに、低温で高湿度の空気流量条件(例えば約25℃〜約32℃、約80%相対湿度で、約45〜約120分間)に晒される。次に、錠剤は、高温で低湿度の条件(例えば約35℃〜約50℃、30%相対湿度で、約45〜約120分間)に晒される。理論にとらわれずにいえば、速溶解性錠剤の低温/高湿度のチャンバーでの処理、それに続く高温/低湿度のチャンバーでの処理により、迅速な崩壊および迅速な溶解のような望ましい速溶解性特性を損なうことなく錠剤の硬度を増加させ、錠剤の破砕性を減少させると考えられている。
【0062】
本発明の組成物の有用性
本発明の成形品は(本明細書では組成物ともいう)は、極めて広範なシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2(COX−2)が介在する障害、例えば、ただしこれらに限定されないが、炎症、痛みおよび/または発熱を特徴とする障害の治療および予防に有用である。このような組成物は、例えば関節炎の治療において抗炎症薬として特に有用であり、これは、COX−1よりCOX−2に対して選択性を有さない通常の非ステロイド性の抗炎症性剤(NSAID)組成物に比べて有害な副作用が極めて少ないという追加の利点を有する。特に、このような組成物は、通常のNSAID組成物と比較すると、胃腸への毒性や胃腸への刺激、例えば上部消化管の潰瘍形成や出血、腎臓への副作用、例えば体液貯留や高血圧の悪化をもたらす腎機能の低下を起こす可能性が低く、出血時間への影響(血小板機能の阻害など)が低く、さらに、アスピリン感受性喘息の患者の喘息の発作を引き起こす能力が低くなっていると思われる。従って、本発明の選択的COX−2阻害剤を含む組成物は、通常のNSAIDが禁忌を示す場合、このようなNSAIDの代替物として特に有用であり、例えば、消化性潰瘍、胃炎、限局性腸炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、憩室炎、または、胃腸疾患の再発性の既往症;胃腸出血、凝固障害、例えば貧血、例えば低プロトロンビン血症、血友病またはその他の出血に関する問題;腎臓病に罹った患者;または、外科手術前の患者、または、凝固防止剤を摂取している患者において有用である。
【0063】
このような組成物は、関節の障害を治療するのに有用であり、関節の障害としては、ただしこれらに限定されないが、リウマチ様関節炎、脊椎関節症、痛風性関節炎、変形性関節症、全身性エリテマトーデスおよび若年性関節炎が挙げられる。
【0064】
このような組成物はまた、喘息、気管支炎、月経の痙攣、早産、腱炎、粘液嚢炎、アレルギー性神経炎、サイトメガロウイルス感染性、アポトーシス、例えばHIVにより誘発されるアポトーシス、腰痛、肝臓病、例えば肝炎、皮膚関連の症状、例えば乾癬、湿疹、ざ瘡、やけど、皮膚炎および紫外線照射によるダメージ、例えば日焼け、ならびに手術後の炎症、例えば眼の外科手術後、例えば白内障外科手術または屈折矯正手術後の炎症の治療に有用である。
【0065】
このような組成物は、胃腸の症状を治療するのに有用であり、胃腸の症状としては、例えば炎症性の腸の病気、クローン病、胃炎、過敏性腸症候群および潰瘍性大腸炎が挙げられる。
【0066】
このような組成物は、片頭痛、結節性動脈周囲炎、甲状腺炎、再生不良性貧血、ホジキン病、強皮症、リウマチ熱、I型糖尿病、筋神経接合部の病気、例えば重症筋無力症、白質の病気、例えば多発性硬化症、サルコイドーシス、ネフローゼ症候群、ベーチェット症候群、多発性筋炎、歯肉炎、腎炎、過敏症、外傷後に生じる腫張、例えば脳水腫、心筋虚血などのような病気における炎症の治療に有用である。
【0067】
このような組成物は、眼の病気、例えば網膜炎、強膜炎、上強膜炎、結膜炎、網膜症、ブドウ膜炎、眼の羞明の治療、および、目の組織の急性外傷の治療に有用である。
【0068】
このような組成物は、肺の炎症、例えばウイルス感染症および嚢胞性線維症に関連する肺の炎症の治療、ならびに、骨吸収、例えば骨粗鬆症に関連する骨吸収に有用である。
【0069】
このような組成物は、ある種の中枢神経系障害、例えば皮質痴呆、例えばアルツハイマー病、神経の変性、ならびに、卒中、虚血および外傷から生じた中枢神経系のダメージの治療に有用である。この内容において用語「治療」は、痴呆、例えばアルツハイマー病、脳血管性痴呆、多発梗塞性痴呆、初老性痴呆、アルコール痴呆および老人性痴呆の部分的または全体的な抑制を含む。
【0070】
このような組成物は、アレルギー性鼻炎、呼吸窮迫症候群、内毒素ショック症候群および肝臓病の治療に有用である。
【0071】
このような組成物は、痛み、例えば、ただしこれらに限定されないが、術後痛、歯痛、筋肉痛、およびガンによる痛みの治療に有用である。例えば、このような組成物は、多種多様な症状における痛み、発熱および炎症の軽減に有用であり、多種多様な症状としては、例えばリウマチ熱、インフルエンザおよびその他のウイルス感染症、例えば一般的なかぜ、腰痛および頚痛、月経困難症、頭痛、歯痛、捻挫および筋挫傷、筋炎、神経痛、滑膜炎、関節炎、例えばリウマチ様関節炎、変性関節病(変形性関節症)、痛風および強直性脊椎炎、粘液嚢炎、やけど、および外科的および歯科的処置後の外傷が挙げられる。
【0072】
このような組成物は、これらに限定されないが、患者において炎症に関連する心臓血管疾患を治療および予防するのに有用である。このような組成物は、血管疾患、冠動脈疾患、動脈瘤、血管の拒絶反応、動脈硬化症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、例えば心臓移植によるアテローム性動脈硬化症、心筋梗塞、塞栓症、卒中、血栓症、例えば静脈血栓症、狭心症、例えば不安定狭心症、冠状動脈の粥状の炎症、細菌により誘発される炎症、例えばクラミジアにより誘発される炎症、ウイルスにより誘発される炎症、および外科手術に関連する炎症、例えば血管移植、例えば冠動脈バイパス手術、血管再生術、例えば血管形成術、ステント留置、動脈血管内膜切除術、または、例えば動脈、静脈および毛細血管に関するその他の侵襲性の処置の治療および予防に有用である。
【0073】
このような組成物は、ただしこれらに限定されないが、患者における血管新生に関連する障害の治療に有用であり、例えば腫瘍の血管新生を阻害することができる。このような組成物は、新生物、例えば転移;眼科的症状、例えば角膜移植の拒絶反応、眼の血管新生、網膜の血管新生、例えば外傷もしくは感染後の血管新生、糖尿病性網膜症、黄斑部変性、後水晶体繊維増殖症および緑内障、例えば血管新生緑内障;潰瘍性疾患、例えば胃潰瘍;病的だが良性の症状、例えば血管腫、例えば幼児性血管腫、上咽頭の血管線維腫および無血管性の骨壊死;ならびに、女性生殖系の障害、例えば子宮内膜症の治療に有用である。
【0074】
このような組成物は、良性腫瘍および悪性腫瘍/新生物、例えばガン、例えば結腸直腸ガン、脳ガン、骨ガン、上皮細胞により誘導される新生物(上皮癌腫)、例えば基底細胞癌腫、腺ガン、胃腸系のガン、例えば口唇ガン、口ガン、食道ガン、小腸ガン、胃ガン、大腸ガン、肝臓ガン、膀胱ガン、膵臓ガン、卵巣ガン、頚部ガン、肺ガン、乳ガンおよび皮膚ガン、例えば扁平細胞および基底細胞ガン、前立腺ガン、腎細胞癌腫、ならびに全身の上皮細胞に影響を及ぼすその他の既知のガンの予防または治療に有用である。本発明の組成物が特に有用であると考えられる治療に関する新生物は、胃腸のガン、バレット食道、肝臓ガン、膀胱ガン、膵臓ガン、卵巣ガン、前立腺ガン、頚部ガン、肺ガン、乳ガンならびに皮膚ガン、例えば扁平細胞および基底細胞ガンである。本発明の組成物はまた、放射線療法で生じる線維症の治療に用いてもよい。このような組成物は、腺腫様ポリープを有する患者、例えば家族性腺腫様ポリープ症(FAP)に罹った患者の治療に用いることができる。それに加えて、このような組成物は、FAPの危険を有する患者においてポリープ形成を防ぐのに用いることができる。
【0075】
このような組成物は、収縮性のプロスタノイド合成を防ぐことによりプロスタノイドにより誘発される平滑筋収縮を阻害するので、月経困難症、早産、喘息、および、好酸球に関連する障害の治療に用いることができる。このような組成物はまた、特に閉経後の女性(すなわち骨粗鬆症の治療)における骨量減少の低減、および緑内障の治療に用いることもできる。
【0076】
本発明の組成物の好ましい使用は、リウマチ様関節炎および変形性関節症の治療、一般的に痛みの管理(特に口の外科手術後の痛み、一般的な外科手術後の痛み、整形外科手術後の痛み、および変形性関節症の急性の発赤)、アルツハイマー病の治療、および、大腸ガンの化学的予防のための使用である。
【0077】
ヒトの治療に有用であるほかに、本発明の組成物はまた、ペット、外来の動物、家畜など、特に哺乳動物、例えば齧歯類の獣医学的治療に有用である。より特定には、本発明の組成物は、ウマ、イヌおよびネコにおけるシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2が介在する障害の獣医学的治療に有用である。
【0078】
本発明はまた、シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤での治療が指定される症状または障害を治療する治療方法も意図しており、該方法は、1またはそれ以上の本発明の組成物をそれを必要とする患者に経口投与することを含む。症状または障害を予防、軽減または改善するための投与計画は、好ましくは、1日1回または1日2回の治療に相当するが、多種多様なファクターに応じて変更可能である。このようなファクターとしては、患者のタイプ、年齢、体重、性別、食事および病状、ならびに、障害の性質および重症度が挙げられる。従って、実際に用いられる投与計画は、広く変更可能であって、上記の好ましい投与計画から逸脱してもよい。
【0079】
シクロオキシゲナーゼ−2阻害剤での治療が指定される症状または障害に罹った患者の初期の治療は、上記で指示されたような投与計画で開始することができる。治療は、一般的に、症状または障害が制御または除去されるまで、数週間から数ヶ月または数年にわたり必要に応じて継続する。本発明の組成物での治療を受ける患者を当業界周知のあらゆる方法で定期的にモニターすることができ、治療の有効性を調べることができる。このようなモニタリングのデータを継続的に分析することにより、期間中いつでも薬剤の有効量が最適に投与されるように、および、治療期間が決定できるように、治療中の治療計画を調節することができる。この方法において、治療計画および投与スケジュールは、十分な有効性を示す薬剤の最小量が投与されるように、および、症状または障害を十分に治療するのに必要な期間だけ投与が継続されるように、治療期間中に合理的に変更することができる。
【0080】
本発明の組成物は、オピオイドおよびその他の鎮痛剤、例えば麻薬性鎮痛剤、Mu受容体アンタゴニスト、κ受容体アンタゴニスト、非麻薬性(すなわち非常習性)鎮痛剤、モノアミン摂取阻害剤、アデノシン調節剤、カンナビノイド誘導体、サブスタンスPアンタゴニスト、ニューロキニン−1受容体アンタゴニスト、および、ナトリウムチャンネルブロッカーなどを用いた併用療法において用いることができる。好ましい併用療法は、本発明の組成物の使用と、以下から選択される1またはそれ以上の化合物とを用いることを含む:アセクロフェナク、アセメタシン、e−アセトアミドカプロン酸、アセトアミノフェン、アセトアミノサロール、アセトアニリド、アセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)、S−アデノシルメチオニン、アルクロフェナック、アルフェンタニル、アリルプロジン、アルミノプロフェン、アロキシプリン、アルファプロジン、アルミニウムビス(アセチルサリチレート)、アンフェナク、アミノクロルテノキサジン、3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ酪酸、2−アミノ−4−ピコリン、アミノプロピロン、アミノピリン、アミキセトリン、サリチル酸アンモニウム、アンピロキシカム、アムトルメチングアシル、アニレリジン、アンチピリン、サリチル酸アンチピリン、アントラフェニン、アパゾン、ベンダザック、ベノリレート、ベノキサプロフェン、ベンズピペリロン、ベンジダミン、ベンジルモルヒネ、ベルモプロフェン、ベジトラミド、α−ビサボロール、ブロムフェナク、p−ブロモアセトアニリド、5−ブロモサリチル酸アセテート、ブロモサリゲニン、ブセチン、ブクロキシ酸、ブコローム、ブフェキサマク、ブマジゾン、ブプレノルフィン、ブタセチン、ブチブフェン、ブトファノール、アセチルサリチル酸カルシウム、カルバマゼピン、カルビフェン、カルプロフェン、カルサラム、クロロブタノール、クロルテノキサジン、サリチル酸コリン、シンコフェン、シンメタシン、シラマドール、クリダナク、クロメタシン、クロニタゼン、クロニキシン、クロピラク、丁子、コデイン、コデインメチルブロミド、リン酸コデイン、硫酸コデイン、クロプロパミド、クロテタミド、デソモルヒネ、デキソキサドロール、デキシトロモルアミド、デゾシン、ジアムプロミド、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、ジフェナミゾール、ジフェンピラミド、ジフルニサル、ジヒドロコデイン、ジヒドロコデイノンエノールアセテート、ジヒドロモルヒネ、ジヒドロキシアルミニウムアセチルサリチレート、ジメノキサドール、ジメヘプタノール、ジメチルチアムブテン、ジオキサフェチルブチレート、ジピパノン、ジプロセチル、ジピロン、ジタゾール、ドロキシカム、エモルファゾン、エンフェナム酸、エピリゾール、エプタゾシン、エテルサレート、エテンザミド、エトヘプタジン、エトキサゼン、エチルメチルチアムブテン、エチルモルヒネ、エトドラク、エトフェナメート、エトニタゼン、オイゲノール、フェルビナク、フェンブフェン、フェンクロズ酸、フェンドサール、フェノプロフェン、フェンタニール、フェンチアザク、フェプラジノール、フェプラゾン、フロクタフェニン、フルフェナム酸、フルノキサプロフェン、フルオレソン、フルピルチン、フルプロクアゾン、フルルビプロフェン、フォスフォサル、ゲンチス酸、グラフェニン、グルカメタシン、サリチル酸グリコール、グアイアズレン、ヒドロコドン、ヒドロモルホン、ヒドロキシペチジン、イブフェナック、イブプロフェン、イブプロキサム、サリチル酸イミダゾール、インドメタシン、インドプロフェン、イソフェゾラック、イソラドール、イソメタドン、イソニキシン、イソキセパック、イソキシカム、ケトベミドン、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラック、p−ラクトフェネチド、レフェタミン、レボルファノール、ロフェタニル、ロナゾラック、ロルノキシカム、ロキソプロフェン、アセチルサリチル酸リシン、アセチルサリチル酸マグネシウム、メクロフェナム酸、メフェナム酸、メペリジン、メプタジノール、メサラミン、メタゾシン、塩酸メタドン、メトトリメプラジン、メチアジン酸、メトフォリン、メトポン、モフェブタゾン、モフェゾラク、モラゾン、モルヒネ、塩酸モルヒネ、硫酸モルヒネ、サリチル酸モルホリン、ミロフィン、ナブメトン、ナルブフィン、サリチル酸1−ナフチル、ナプロキセン、ナルセイン、ネフォパム、ニコモルヒネ、ニフェナゾン、ニフルム酸、ニメスリド、5’−ニトロ−2’−プロポキシアセトアニリド、ノルレボルファノール、ノルメタドン、ノルモルヒネ、ノルピパノン、オルサラジン、アヘン、オキサセプロール、オキサメタシン、オキサプロジン、オキシコドン、オキシモルホン、オキシフェンブタゾン、パパベレタム、パラニリン、パルサルミド、ペンタゾシン、ペリソキサール、フェナセチン、フェナドキソン、フェナゾシン、塩酸フェナゾピリジン、フェノコール、フェノペリジン、フェノピラゾン、サリチル酸フェニルアセチル、フェニルブタゾン、サリチル酸フェニル、フェニラミドール、ピケトプロフェン、ピミノジン、ピペブゾン、ピペリロン、ピプロフェン、ピラゾラック、ピリトラミド、ピロキシカム、プラノプロフェン、プログルメタシン、プロヘプタジン、プロメドール、プロパセタモール、プロピラム、プロポキシフェン、プロピフェナゾン、プロクアゾン、プロチジン酸、ラミフェナゾン、レミフェンタニル、メチル硫酸リマゾリウム、サラセタミド、サリシン、サリチルアミド、サリチルアミドo−酢酸、サリチル硫酸、サルサレート、サルベリン、シメトリド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、スフェンタニル、スルファサラジン、スリンダック、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ、スプロフェン、スクシブゾン、タルニフルメート、テニダップ、テノキシカム、テロフェナメート、テトランドリン、チアゾリノブタゾン、チアプロフェン酸、チアラミド、チリジン、チノリジン、トルフェナム酸、トルメチン、トラマドール、トロペシン、ビミノール、キセンブシン、キシモプロフェン、ザルトプロフェン、および、ゾメピラック(「The Merck Index」第12版(1996年)の治療剤のカテゴリーおよび生物学的活性の見出し、そこに記載の見出しが「鎮痛剤」、「抗炎症剤」および「解熱剤」のリストを参照)。
【0081】
特に好ましい併用療法は、本発明の組成物の使用、例えば本発明のバルデコキシブ組成物と、オピオイド化合物とを用いることを含み、より好ましくは、オピオイド化合物は、コデイン、メペリジン、モルヒネまたはそれらの誘導体である。
【0082】
バルデコキシブと組み合わせて投与され得る化合物は、本発明の組成物中に、バルデコキシブとは別々に配合してもよいし、または、バルデコキシブと共に配合してもよい。バルデコキシブが第二の薬剤、例えばオピオイド剤と共に配合される場合、第二の薬剤は、即時放出型、即効性型、持続放出型、または、二重放出型で配合されてもよい。
【0083】
本発明の実施形態において、特にシクロオキシゲナーゼ−2が介在する症状が頭痛または片頭痛の場合、バルデコキシブ組成物は、血管調節剤、好ましくは血管調節効果を有するキサンチン誘導体、より好ましくはアルキルキサンチン化合物との併用療法において投与される。
【0084】
アルキルキサンチン化合物が本発明において提供されるバルデコキシブ組成物と共に投与される併用療法は、アルキルキサンチンが血管調節剤であってもなくても、併用の治療有効性がいかなる程度で血管調節効果によるものであってもなくても、本発明の実施形態に含まれる。本明細書において用語「アルキルキサンチン」は、1またはそれ以上のC1〜4アルキル、好ましくはメチル、置換誘導体、およびこのようなキサンチン誘導体の製薬上許容できる塩を含む。ジメチルキサンチンおよびトリメチルキサンチン、例えばカフェイン、テオブロミンおよびテオフィリンが特に好ましい。最も好ましいアルキルキサンチン化合物は、カフェインである。
【0085】
バルデコキシブと、血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチンとの総投与量および相対的な投与量は、頭痛または片頭痛に関連する痛みを軽減するのに治療上および/または予防的に効果を有するように選択される。適切な投与量は、痛みの重症度、および、選択された特定の血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチンに依存する。例えば、バルデコキシブおよびカフェインとの併用療法において、一般的には、バルデコキシブは、約1mg〜約100mg、好ましくは約5mg〜約50mgの1日投与量で投与され、カフェインは、約1mg〜約500mg、好ましくは約10mg〜約400mg、より好ましくは約20mg〜約300mgの1日投与量で投与される。
【0086】
併用療法の血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチン成分は、あらゆる適切な製剤で、あらゆる適切な経路で、好ましくは経口的に投与することができる。血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチンは、場合により、本発明の成形品においてバルデコキシブと共に配合してもよい。従って、本発明の成形品は、場合により、バルデコキシブと血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチン(例えばカフェイン)との両方を上述の投与量と合致する総量および相対量で含む。
【0087】
成句「痛みの軽減に有効な総量および相対量で」とは、本発明の実施形態の組成物におけるバルデコキシブと血管調節剤またはアルキルキサンチンとの量に関して、(a)これら成分が一緒になって痛みを軽減するのに有効であり、および(b)各成分が痛み軽減効果に貢献可能である、またはその可能性があるような量(ただしその他の成分がこのような貢献を損なう程大量に存在しない場合)を意味する。
【0088】
〔実施例〕
以下の実施例は、本発明の観点を説明するためのものであり、限定するものと解釈すべきではない。
【実施例1】
【0089】
バルデコキシブ速溶解性錠剤(バッチA、以下、速溶解性剤Aと称する)を、以下の手順に従って製造した。第一の容器で、マルトース(28.03g)およびマンニトール(367.6g)を加熱(70℃)および撹拌しながら水に溶解した。バルデコキシブ(46.25g)を、マルトース/マンニトール溶液に分散し、シルバーソンホモジナイザーを用いて10分間ホモジナイズした。第二の容器で、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SLS)を、穏やかに撹拌しながら水に溶解し、湿潤剤溶液を作製した。湿潤剤溶液を第一の容器に加え、スプレー用溶液を作製した。スプレー用溶液を噴霧乾燥し、ニロラボラトリーモバイルマイナースプレードライヤーを用いて、以下の条件下で乾燥顆粒を作製した:噴霧速度:32g/分;注入口プロセスガスフロー:2.8mbar;システム圧力:1.6mbar;注入口プロセスガス圧力:20mbar;噴霧圧力:1.6bar;噴霧フロー(%):57;注入口温度:160℃;流出口温度:約55℃;噴霧空気加熱機温度:287℃。
【0090】
ステアリン酸マグネシウム(1g)、ステアリン酸(3g)、アセスルファムカリウム(1g)およびペパーミント矯味矯臭薬剤(1g)を、ポリエチレンバッグに加え、力強く振盪し、混合物を作製した。次に、この混合物を、上記で製造された乾燥顆粒で、乾燥顆粒200gが添加されるまで等比級数的に希釈した。次に、錠剤形成配合物400mgを個々に圧縮することにより錠剤を製造し、中程度の硬度1.5kpを有する錠剤を作製した。得られた錠剤を、25℃、80%相対湿度で維持されたチャンバーに1時間置き、40℃、30%相対湿度で維持されたチャンバーにもう1時間置いた。速溶解性剤Aの組成(質量%)を表1に示す。
【0091】
【表1】
【実施例2】
【0092】
ビーグル犬におけるバルデコキシブ速溶解性剤Aの薬物動態学的特性を調べるために研究を行った。バルデコキシブ速溶解性剤Aを4匹のイヌそれぞれに投与した。静脈血を、投与前と、経口投与後0.5時間、1時間、1.5時間、2時間、2.5時間、3時間、4時間、6時間、8時間、12時間および24時間とで採取した。3000Gで遠心分離することにより血液から血漿を分離し、分析するまでサンプルを−20℃で保存した。血漿中のバルデコキシブ濃度をHPLC分析で測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0093】
【表2】
【実施例3】
【0094】
バルデコキシブ速溶解性錠剤(バッチB、以下、速溶解性剤Bと称する)を、以下の手順に従って製造した。マルトース(0.158kg)およびマンニトール(2.047kg)を、水(14.167kg)に混合しながら溶解させ、溶液を作製した。この溶液に、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(0.037kg)を溶解するまで混合しながら加えた。バルデコキシブ(0.258kg)を、この溶液に分散し、シルバーソンホモジナイザーを用いて約5000RPMで15分間ホモジナイズし、スラリーを作製した。次に、このスラリーを、通常の船用のインペラーで、約300RPMで約2時間混合した。このスラリーを、噴霧乾燥し、以下の条件で、ニロラボラトリーモバイルマイナースプレードライヤーを用いて乾燥顆粒を作製した:噴霧速度:30g/分;注入口プロセスガスフロー:40mm H2O;チャンバー圧力:−100mm H2O;液体噴霧圧力:1.0bar;噴霧フロー(%):70;流入口温度:175℃;流出口空気温度:約90℃。理論上の総収量は、2.500Kgであった。上記の手順を二回行い、噴霧乾燥した顆粒ロットA(1414.3g)およびロットB(1971.9g)を得た。
【0095】
噴霧乾燥した顆粒ロットAおよびロットBをふるいにかけ、ふるい分けられた顆粒を、ペパーミント矯味矯臭薬剤(17.5g)およびアセスルファムカリウム(17.5g)と共にV−ブレンダーで15分間乾燥混合し、混合物を作製した。この混合物に、ステアリン酸マグネシウム(17.5g)、微紛化ステアリン酸(52.5g)およびコロイド状二酸化ケイ素(8.8g)を、加えてさらに混合し、錠剤形成配合物を作製した。圧縮して、錠剤形成配合物が目的の硬度1.5Kpおよび目的の錠剤質量391.58mgの錠剤にした。圧縮した後、錠剤を、25℃、80%相対湿度、75CFM空気流量で維持されたIBC湿度処理チャンバー(17リットル)に1時間置き、さらに、40℃、30%相対湿度、75CFM空気流量にもう1時間置いた。速溶解性剤Bの組成(mg/錠剤)を表3に示す。
【0096】
【表3】
【実施例4】
【0097】
1%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム溶液1000ml、および、USPタイプII装置を用いて、実施例3の速溶解性剤Bおよび市販のBextra(R)錠剤40mgのインビトロでの溶解特徴を測定した。データを表4に示す。速溶解性剤Bは、極めて迅速な溶解を示した(分析中、15分間で全バルデコキシブが溶解した)。
【0098】
【表4】
【実施例5】
【0099】
実施例3の速溶解性剤Bを25人のヒトにそれぞれ投与した。経口の生物学的利用率パラメーターを測定し、市販のBextra(R)錠剤40mgと比較した。データを表5に示す。
【0100】
【表5】
【0101】
これらデータから、速溶解性剤Bは、ヒトに投与すると極めて良好な生物学的利用率特性を示すことがわかる。
【実施例6】
【0102】
実施例3の速溶解性剤Bを以下の手順に従って味覚研究で評価した。4〜5人の味覚専門のパネリストを選出し、各パネリストの舌に速溶解性錠剤を置いた。パネリストは、錠剤をかまずに穏やかに口蓋にあてて転がし、同時に感覚情報を記録し、崩壊が完了する時間を測定した。感覚情報は、各錠剤に関する感覚刺激の特徴、例えば、矯味矯臭薬剤の品質、苦味、満足感、食感、口の感覚、および、あと味などである。これら特徴をそれぞれ分類単位スケール1〜5に従って定義し、サクランボ、イチゴ、オレンジ、ペパーミント、またはスペアミント矯味矯臭薬剤のいずれか一つを含む比較用バルデコキシブ速溶解性錠剤と比較することにより、および、異なる活性成分を含む速溶解性錠剤と比較することにより他の市販の溶解性製品との知覚の差を示した。
【0103】
錠剤が完全に崩壊した後、パネリストは、30分間にわたり感覚的なあと味を記録した。各錠剤を三回評価し、パネリストに発表するために全サンプルをコード化した。速溶解性剤Bの平均崩壊時間は23.6秒間であった。総合すると、バルデコキシブ速溶解性剤Bは、許容できる味の品質(データ示さず)および崩壊時間を示した。【Technical field】
[0001]
The present invention is mediated by cyclooxygenase-2, comprising a pharmaceutical composition that disintegrates in the mouth comprising valdecoxib as an active ingredient, a method of making such a composition, and orally administering such composition to a patient The present invention relates to a method for treating a disorder.
[Background]
[0002]
The compound 4- (5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl) benzenesulfonamide (also referred to herein as valdecoxib) is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,633,272 to Talley et al. In addition) and the methods for producing the compounds and related compounds. Valdecoxib has the following structure:
[Chemical 1]
[0003]
The compound reported in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 5,633,272 is, for example, valdecoxib, which is a higher choice for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition than for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition Have been disclosed as useful anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents. The above-mentioned US Pat. No. 5,633,272 also describes general references for formulations for administering such compounds, eg, orally deliverable formulations (eg, tablets and capsules).
[0004]
Valdecoxib has very low water solubility. For example, Dionne (1999) "COX-2 inhibitors-IBC Conference, 12-13 April 1999, Coronado, CA, USA",IDrugs, 2 (7), 664-666.
[0005]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,014 (added to the present invention by reference) discloses a compression molded body that dissolves in the oral cavity produced by wet granulation, in which low moldability is disclosed. The saccharide is granulated with a highly moldable saccharide to produce a granulate, which is then compressed into a shaped body. The resulting shaped body is said to be able to contain the drug and exhibit rapid disintegration and dissolution in the oral cavity, but maintain sufficient hardness so that it does not disintegrate during production and distribution. The compression molded body of US Pat. No. 5,576,014 is a type of formulation known as “fast-dissolving tablets” and exhibits rapid disintegration, usually a carrier material (generally a saccharide) The drug dissolves or disperses rapidly in the mouth without the need for water other than that normally contained in saliva. The medicine blended in such a tablet can be swallowed easily.
[0006]
Internationally assigned International Patent Publication No. WO 01/41761 discloses an orally deliverable valdecoxib composition with immediate action characteristics. None of the compositions disclosed herein are compositions that disintegrate in the mouth.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0007]
A well-known problem with many mouth disintegrating compositions is that the included active agents produce an unpleasant taste, even if sugars and / or sweeteners and / or flavoring agents are included. . In general, as the amount of active agent present in a particular orally disintegrating formulation decreases and / or as the drug's water solubility decreases, the bitter and / or sour taste of the formulation decreases. For example, Lieberman et al. (1989),Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tables, Vol. 1, page 381, Marcel Dekker, New York. Valdecoxib is a drug that has extremely low water solubility and a relatively low dosage, so when formulated as a composition that disintegrates in the mouth, its sensory stimulating properties are acceptable or poor. Even the discomfort seems to be gentle. Surprisingly, however, we have shown that valdecoxib has a very unpleasant taste. Accordingly, there is a need for a valdecoxib composition that disintegrates in the mouth with acceptable sensory stimulation properties.
[0008]
The taste masking technique works by suppressing dissolution of a drug having moderate or high water solubility in the mouth, and has been applied to drug formulations. See, for example, Lieberman et al. (1989) (supra). In such a case, it is considered that the taste is improved by reducing the amount of drug dissolved in the mouth before entering the digestive tract. However, if the water solubility of valdecoxib was originally very low, it was thought that sensory stimulation properties would not be improved by further reducing valdecoxib dissolution in the mouth. In addition, further reduction in the water solubility of valdecoxib could result in an unacceptably delayed onset of therapeutic effect. Surprisingly, however, we have found a method of making a valdecoxib composition that disintegrates in the mouth in a sensory stimuli acceptable manner that exhibits improved sensory stimulation properties and also exhibits immediate therapeutic effects.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0009]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of making a valdecoxib composition (eg, a fast dissolving tablet) that disintegrates in the mouth, the method comprising providing granular valdecoxib; at least one pharmaceutical agent that exhibits rapid dissolution in the mouth Dissolving a top acceptable additive in water in a container; dispersing valdecoxib in water, and optionally heating the water. The step of dissolving, dispersing, and optionally heating can be performed in any order or simultaneously, thereby obtaining a spray solution. The method further includes spray drying the spray liquid to produce a tablet forming formulation, and compressing the tablet forming formulation to produce a tablet. In the method of the present invention, the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth that dissolves in water is at least one addition that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth when the method is completed. The amount is such that the agent is comprised from about 50% to about 99%, preferably from about 50% to about 95%, more preferably from about 50% to about 90% by weight of the tablet.
[0010]
The method optionally further comprises adding a wetting agent or an aqueous solution of such a wetting agent to the container prior to the spray drying step.
[0011]
The composition produced by such a method is one embodiment of the present invention.
[0012]
The invention also disintegrates in the mouth comprising (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib, and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. A composition is provided. The total amount of the at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that is organoleptically acceptable and exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth is about 50% to about 99%, preferably about 50% by weight of the composition. % By mass to about 95% by mass, more preferably about 50% by mass to about 90% by mass.
[0013]
As used herein, “homogeneous binding” includes, for example, that valdecoxib is mixed with an additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth, or that valdecoxib is embedded in an additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth. Vardecoxib forms a coating on the particles of additives that exhibit rapid solubility in the mouth (and vice versa), and further, valdecoxib has a rapid solubility in the mouth. And substantially uniformly dispersed. For example, such a homogeneous bond is formed by the methods disclosed above; alternatively or in addition, such a homogeneous bond is formed in making the compositions of the present invention. Other means may be used.
[0014]
In the present specification, valdecoxib homogeneously combined with an additive exhibiting rapid solubility in the mouth is also referred to as “valdecoxib complex”. As used herein, the term “substantially uniform” refers to a complex or pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of components, in which the individual components do not exist in separate layers in the composition, so that no concentration gradient occurs. Means that the ingredients were thoroughly mixed. Without being bound by theory, in the homogeneous combination of the method and composition of the present invention and / or valdecoxib with an additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth, rapid solubility in the mouth to valdecoxib is achieved. It is believed that a relatively high proportion of the additive shown forms a valdecoxib complex with improved sensory stimulation properties.
[0015]
Particularly useful oral disintegrating compositions of the invention are rapidly disintegrating oral formulations that dissolve in the mouth without the need to drink water or other liquids (eg, fast dissolving agents). The term “fast dissolving agent” as used in the present invention means a composition such as a tablet, in which the active substance or agent is distributed or dispersed in a matrix, such a matrix. Is formed of a carrier that disintegrates in the mouth and releases the drug upon oral administration of the composition to a patient and is generally granular for introduction into the gastrointestinal tract by swallowing and subsequent absorption . The term “oral” includes the entire interior of the mouth, which includes not only the oral cavity (the oral part of the front of the teeth and gingiva), but also the sublingual and upper lingual spaces.
[0016]
A “sensory stimuli acceptable” formulation or a formulation with “acceptable sensory stimulating properties” is herein referred to as a large human being when interacting in the mouth with a single dose of therapeutic agent. Has an overly unpleasant taste, odor or mouth feel (eg, a significantly bitter taste) as perceived by many or as determined by analysis of blind taste assessment studies as described below. It means something that you do n’t.
[0017]
It has been found that the methods and compositions of the present invention overcome the unacceptable sensory stimulation properties of valdecoxib without sacrificing unacceptably fast-acting properties or therapeutic efficacy. Thus, considerably ahead of the industry, the present invention provides valdecoxib in a fast dissolving formulation that is organoleptically acceptable. A particular advantage of the compositions of the present invention is improved sensory stimulation properties, appearance characteristics of acceptable therapeutic effects, and such compositions are efficiently produced by the methods described herein. can do.
[0018]
Detailed Description of the Invention
A particular embodiment of the present invention is a fast-dissolving composition comprising (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth. , The composition is sensorially acceptable. At least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth is homogeneously bound to the valdecoxib particles in the composition, the total amount of which is about 50% to about 99% by weight, preferably About 50 mass% to about 95 mass%, More preferably, it is about 50 mass% to about 90 mass%.
[0019]
Related embodiments of the present invention include (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib, and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. A composition that disintegrates in the mouth, wherein the composition is organoleptically acceptable and the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth is about 50% of the composition. The composition disintegrates within about 60 seconds, preferably within about 30 seconds, more preferably within about 15 seconds after being placed in the human oral cavity.
[0020]
Other related embodiments of the present invention include (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib, and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable addition that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. A composition that disintegrates in the mouth, comprising an agent, wherein the composition is organoleptically acceptable and the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive exhibiting rapid solubility in the mouth is From about 50% to about 99% by weight, and the composition is less than about 300 seconds, preferably less than about 200 seconds, more preferably about A disintegration time of less than 100 seconds is indicated.
[0021]
Other embodiments of the invention include (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib, and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. A composition that disintegrates in the mouth, wherein the composition is organoleptically acceptable and the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth is about 50% of the composition. Valdecoxib threshold concentration for therapeutic effect within about 0.5 hours, preferably within about 0.3 hours after oral administration, by administering the composition to a human. Is obtained.
[0022]
By “threshold concentration for therapeutic effect” is meant the minimum serum concentration of valdecoxib that meets the therapeutic benefit in a particular indication for valdecoxib administration. Generally, this threshold concentration is at least about 20 ng / ml, such as from about 25 ng / ml to about 75 ng / ml.
[0023]
It will be appreciated that the amount of valdecoxib effective to obtain a threshold concentration for a therapeutic effect depends in particular on the weight of the patient being treated. If the patient is a child or small animal (eg, a dog), for example, at a relatively low valdecoxib dose of about 1 mg to about 100 mg in the therapeutically effective range, the threshold concentration and CmaxSerum concentrations that meet the criteria may be obtained. If the patient is an adult or large animal (eg, a horse), the indicated serum concentration of valdecoxib may require a relatively large dose of valdecoxib. For adults, a suitable valdecoxib dose per dose in the compositions of the present invention that can achieve the indicated serum concentration is generally from about 5 mg to about 40 mg.
[0024]
Related embodiments of the present invention comprise (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib, and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. Providing a composition that disintegrates in the mouth, wherein the composition is organoleptically acceptable and the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive exhibiting rapid solubility in the mouth is about 50% by weight of the composition % To about 99% by weight, and when the composition is administered to humans, the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) Is obtained.
[0025]
Other related embodiments of the invention include: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of particulate valdecoxib; and (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth and binds homogeneously to the valdecoxib particles. Wherein the total amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that is organoleptically acceptable and exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth is about 50% to about 99% by weight, and the maximum serum concentration (Tmax) Can be about 5 hours or less, preferably about 4 hours or less, more preferably about 3 hours or less.
[0026]
Components of the composition of the present invention
The composition of the present invention comprises valdecoxib as an active ingredient and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive that exhibits rapid solubility in the mouth. Optionally, the compositions of the present invention may include one or more additional pharmaceutically acceptable additives including, but not limited to, water soluble lubricants, water insolubles. Lubricants, disintegrants, glidants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, colorants and the like can be mentioned. Any such additional ingredients should be physically and chemically compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and should not be toxic to the recipient.
[0027]
Valdecoxib
The methods and compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for valdecoxib as an active agent. Processes for producing granular valdecoxib are known per se, for example the process described in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 5,474,995 (added to the present invention by reference). Importantly, any solid valdecoxib can be used in the methods and compositions of the present invention and is described in International Patent Publication No. 98/06708 (added to the present invention by reference).
[0028]
The valdecoxib dosage unit of the present invention comprises valdecoxib in a therapeutically effective amount from about 1 mg to about 100 mg, preferably from about 5 mg to about 50 mg. The composition of the present invention comprises granular valdecoxib. Primary valdecoxib particles can be produced, for example, by milling or grinding, or by precipitation from solution, and these can be agglomerated to create secondary particle aggregates. The term “particle size” as used in the present invention means the size of the longest dimension of the primary particles, unless otherwise specified. Particle size is considered an important parameter affecting the clinical efficacy of valdecoxib. Thus, in an embodiment, the valdecoxib formulation is D90It has a particle size distribution of valdecoxib such that the particle size is less than about 75 μm. In this specification, “D90“Particle size” is defined as the particle size such that 90% by weight of the particles are smaller in size at their longest dimension. In addition or alternatively, the valdecoxib particles in the formulations of the present invention preferably have a mass average particle size of about 1 μm to about 10 μm, most preferably about 5 μm to about 7 μm.
[0029]
Additives that exhibit rapid dissolution in the mouth
Suitable additives that exhibit rapid dissolution in the mouth include water-soluble, fairly water-soluble, and highly water-soluble pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as Ansel et al. (1995),Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems6th edition, page 228, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. Preferably, such additives have a sweet taste. The preferred class of additives used in the compositions and methods of the present invention that exhibit rapid dissolution in the mouth in the present invention are carbohydrates. Particularly preferred additives that exhibit rapid dissolution in the mouth are saccharides, for example, low moldability saccharides and high moldability saccharides.
[0030]
Preferred low moldability saccharides in the present invention include lactose and mannitol, especially non-direct compressed or powdered mannitol, Kibbe (2000),Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients3rd edition, Pharmaceutical Press, pages 324-328. Preferred high moldability saccharides in the present invention include maltose, maltitol, and sorbitol. Alternatively, certain oligosaccharides may be useful. The oligosaccharide used is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits rapid dissolution in the oral cavity and consists of two or more monosaccharide residues. When an oligosaccharide is used, an oligosaccharide composed of 2 to 6 monosaccharide residues is preferred, and the type and combination of monosaccharide residues composed of the oligosaccharide are not limited. Particularly preferred high moldability saccharides are maltose and maltitol, more particularly maltose.
[0031]
When both high and low moldability saccharides are present in the compositions of the present invention, high moldability saccharides are low to maintain a combination of acceptable tablet hardness and rapid mouth disintegration. The weight ratio of formable to saccharide is important. A suitable ratio is about 2 to about 20 parts by weight, preferably about 5 to about 10 parts by weight, more preferably about 5 to about 7.5 parts by weight of high formable saccharides per 100 parts by weight of low formable saccharides. Part.
[0032]
If the ratio of high moldability saccharide to low moldability saccharide is less than about 2: 100 by weight, generally the desired tablet hardness cannot be obtained, resulting in storage, shipping or handling. The destruction rate increases. Alternatively, if the ratio of high moldability saccharide to low moldability saccharide exceeds a mass ratio of about 20: 100, the tablet becomes too stiff and the desired rapid disintegration in the oral cavity is not achieved.
[0033]
The total amount of additives that exhibit rapid dissolution in one or more mouths is generally about 45 to about 95%, preferably about 50 to about 87%, more preferably about 55 to about 80%.
[0034]
Wetting agent
The compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable wetting agents. Surfactants, hydrophilic polymers and certain clays can be useful as wetting agents to promote wetting of hydrophobic drugs such as valdecoxib during the spray-dry granulation process.
[0035]
Non-limiting examples of surfactants that can be used as wetting agents in the compositions of the present invention include quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, poly Oxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers such as nonoxynol 9, nonoxynol 10, and octoxynol 9, poloxamers (polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymers), polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerides and oils such as polyoxyethylene ( 8) Capryl / Caprin mono and diglycerides (eg Lattesol of Gattefose)TM), Polyoxyethylene (35) castor oil and polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene (20) cetostearyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene (40 ) Stearates, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters such as polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 (eg Tween from ICI)TM80), propylene glycol fatty acid esters, such as propylene glycol laurate (eg Latteglycol from Gattefosse)TM), Sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty acids and their salts such as oleic acid, sodium oleate and triethanolamine oleate, glyceryl fatty acid esters such as glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan esters such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, mono Sorbitan palmitate and sorbitan monostearate, tyloxapol, and mixtures thereof. A preferred wetting agent in the compositions of the present invention is sodium lauryl sulfate.
[0036]
The total amount of one or more wetting agents is optionally from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.075% by weight of the composition, generally in the compositions of the present invention. About 2.5% by weight, more preferably about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, for example about 0.5% by weight.
[0037]
Water-insoluble lubricant
The compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable water-insoluble lubricants as carrier materials. Suitable water-insoluble lubricants may be individually or in combination with glyceryl behapatate (eg Compritol).TM888), stearates (magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and sodium stearate), stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils (eg, SterotexTM), Colloidal silica, talc, waxes and mixtures thereof. Optionally, for example, a calcium stearate / sodium lauryl sulfate mixture (eg, Sterowet).TMWater-insoluble lubricants can be used in mixtures with wetting agents such as
[0038]
Preferred water-insoluble lubricants are magnesium stearate, stearic acid and mixtures thereof.
[0039]
The total amount of the one or more water-insoluble lubricants is optionally generally in the compositions of the present invention from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably about 0.75% by weight of the composition. % To about 2.5% by weight, more preferably about 1% to about 2% by weight, for example about 1.5% by weight.
[0040]
Water-soluble lubricant
The composition of the present invention optionally comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble lubricants. The water-soluble lubricant can promote the improvement of the dissolution characteristics of the tablet. Examples of the water-soluble lubricant that can be used in the composition of the present invention are individually or in combination, for example, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium fumarate, sodium chloride, DL-leucine, polyethylene Glycols (eg Carbowax)TM4000 and CarbowaxTM6000), and sodium oleate.
[0041]
Disintegrant
The compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable disintegrants. However, oral fast dissolving tablets provided in the present invention generally disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity and do not require additional disintegrants. Suitable disintegrants may optionally be individually or in combination with starch, sodium glycolate starch, clay (eg VeegumTMHV), cellulose (eg purified cellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose), croscarmellose sodium, alginate, pregelatinized corn starch (eg NationalTM1551 and NationalTM1550), crospovidone, and gums such as agar, guar gum, locust bean gum, karaya gum, pectin and tragacanth gum. The disintegrant can be added in any suitable step, particularly during the manufacture of the composition prior to granulation or during the formulation step prior to tableting. Preferred disintegrants are croscarmellose sodium and sodium glycolate starch.
[0042]
The total amount of one or more disintegrants is optionally from about 0.05% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, more preferably about 1% by weight of the composition. To about 3.5% by weight.
[0043]
Glidant
The composition of the present invention may optionally be used, for example, to increase the flow of the tablet-forming material to the tablet die, to prevent the tablet-forming material from sticking to the punch or die, or to produce a glossy tablet. Contains one or more pharmaceutically acceptable glidants. The glidant can be added at any suitable step, particularly during the manufacture of the composition prior to granulation or during the formulation process prior to tableting.
[0044]
Without being bound by theory, glidants such as talc or silicon dioxide, in certain situations, act to reduce interfacial tension between drug particles and have the effect of inhibiting and / or reducing drug aggregation. It is believed to act to reduce charge on the drug powder surface and to act to reduce friction between particles and wrinkles on the drug particle surface. For example, York (1975),J. et al. Pharm. Sci.64 (7), 1216-1221.
[0045]
A preferred lubricant is silicon dioxide. Suitable silicon dioxide products used to make the compositions of the present invention include fumed silica or colloidal silica (e.g., Cab-O-Sil from Cabot).TMAnd Degussa AerosilTM). The total amount of silicon dioxide, when present in the composition of the present invention, is from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 2%, more preferably about 0% by weight of the composition. 0.25 wt% to about 1 wt%, for example about 0.5 wt%.
[0046]
Sweetener
The compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable sweeteners. Non-limiting examples of sweeteners that can be used in the compositions of the present invention include mannitol, propylene glycol, sodium saccharin, acesulfame potassium, neotame, aspartame and the like.
[0047]
Flavoring agent
The compositions of the present invention optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable flavoring agents. Non-limiting examples of flavoring agents that can be used in the compositions of the present invention include peppermint, spearmint, grapes, cherries, strawberries, lemons and the like.
[0048]
Tablet characteristics
Size and shape
In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention are in separate solid dosage unit forms, most preferably in tablet form. The tablets of the present invention can be formed into any desired size, eg, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, etc .; shape, eg, round, oval, oval, etc .; mass; and thickness. Optionally, the solid dosage unit of the present invention may be etched or monogrammed on one or both sides.
[0049]
Collapse
Preferred tablet compositions of the present invention are processed in a standard in vitro disintegration analysis (eg, performed according to US Pharmacopeia 24 (2000), test number 701) and then less than 300 seconds, preferably less than about 200 seconds More preferably, it disintegrates in less than about 100 seconds, for example about 30 seconds.
[0050]
Alternatively or additionally, the preferred fast dissolving composition of the present invention can be applied within about 60 seconds, preferably within about 30 seconds, more preferably within about 15 seconds after being placed in the oral cavity of the subject. Collapse.
[0051]
hardness
The hardness of the solid formulations of the present invention depends on size and shape, as well as on composition among other properties. Tablet hardness can be measured by any method known in the art, such as a tablet hardness meter (eg, Schleuniger). Preferably, the hardness of the composition of the present invention is about 1 to about 10 kp, more preferably about 1 to about 6 kp.
[0052]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid preparation of the present invention has a hardness sufficient for handling, and is therefore practical in the same manner as in the case of ordinary tablets. As used herein, the term “sufficient hardness to handle” means a hardness that can withstand at least removal from a standard type of blister packaging or that can withstand other handling such as packaging, delivery, transportation, etc. .
[0053]
The tablets of the present invention preferably have a minimum hardness such that the tablets do not break when removed from a standard blister pack by breaking the cover sheet and extruding the tablets. Suitable hardness is about 1 kp or more for tablets with a diameter of about 8 mm, about 1.5 kp or more for tablets with a diameter of about 10 mm, and about 2 kp or more for tablets with a diameter of about 12 mm.
[0054]
In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the tablets of the present invention may be packaged together in a plurality of such tablets, for example in glass or plastic bottles, without being individually packaged, and may be suitable for normal shipping and handling. It has sufficient hardness so that it does not show fracture or adhesion and / or fusion. Tablets intended for such packaging preferably have a hardness of about 3 kp or more.
[0055]
Packaging
The compositions of the present invention can be packaged in any suitable manner known in the art. For example, a number of fast dissolving tablets can be packaged together, for example in a glass or plastic bottle or container. Alternatively, the fast dissolving tablets of the present invention can be individually wrapped, for example in plastic or foil, or can be packaged in a known form of blister packaging. Blister packaging with improved force distribution characteristics, such as that described in Grabowski US Pat. No. 5,954,204 (added to the present invention by reference), is particularly useful for packaging fast dissolving tablets of the present invention. It can be.
[0056]
Administration of fast-dissolving tablets
The composition of the present invention can be taken by a patient by any means of oral administration depending on the patient's choice or symptoms. For example, the fast dissolving tablet of the present invention can be taken without water. When placed in the oral cavity, particularly on the inside of the cheek or on the tongue, such tablets are exposed to saliva and rapidly disintegrate and dissolve there. When pressure in the mouth (eg, pressure between the palate and tongue) or licking or sucking pressure acts on the tablet, the disintegration rate and / or dissolution rate is further increased.
[0057]
Alternatively, the tablets of the present invention may be ingested with a sufficient amount of water to wet the oral cavity and promote tablet disintegration. The tablet of the present invention may be swallowed with a small amount of water after it is completely disintegrated or partially disintegrated in the oral cavity. The compositions of the present invention may also be swallowed directly with water.
[0058]
Method for producing fast-dissolving tablets
The method described below is not intended to limit the method for producing the valdecoxib fast-dissolving tablet of the present invention, but to explain it. Importantly, the specific settings and parameters of the production process can be easily optimized by those skilled in the art to produce tablets with particularly desirable properties.
[0059]
In the illustrative method, maltose and mannitol are dissolved in a container of water and heated to about 50 ° C. to about 80 ° C., for example about 70 ° C. Next, valdecoxib is dispersed in a container with a homogenizer. In a second container with water, a wetting agent, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, is dissolved. Next, the contents of the first and second containers are combined to produce a mixture. This mixture is spray dried using a Niro Laboratory Mobile Minor Spray Dryer to produce dry granules. This dry granulate is then optionally mixed with any desired additives such as flavoring agents, sweeteners and lubricants to make a tablet-forming formulation. The resulting tablet forming formulation is then compressed on a rotary tablet press until the desired tablet weight and hardness are reached. The resulting tablets are then subjected to, for example, airflow treatment in a temperature controlled chamber that has the effect of increasing the tablet hardness.
[0060]
Tableting molding
Compression refers to a method in which an appropriate amount of a granulated tablet-forming formulation produced as described above is compressed between an upper punch and a lower punch to combine the materials into a single solid formulation (eg, a tablet). Any suitable compression means can be used in the method for producing fast-dissolving tablets of the present invention. Examples of such means include a punch tablet machine and a high-speed rotary tablet press machine. The tablet forming pressure is not limited, and an appropriate pressure can be selected according to the desired hardness and dissolution characteristics of the obtained tablet. When the tablet is subjected to temperature and humidity treatment as described below, preferably the tablet is compressed to an initial hardness of about 0.75 to about 1.5 kp (prior to temperature and humidity treatment).
[0061]
Temperature treatment and humidity treatment
In some cases, the tablet of the present invention may be subjected to heat treatment and humidity treatment after the tableting molding step. Such treatment can be performed in a humidity chamber, for example, the hardness of the tablet can be increased. To illustrate, during this process, the tablets are first exposed to low temperature and high humidity air flow conditions (eg, about 25 ° C. to about 32 ° C., about 80% relative humidity, about 45 to about 120 minutes). . The tablets are then exposed to high temperature and low humidity conditions (eg, about 35 ° C. to about 50 ° C., 30% relative humidity, about 45 to about 120 minutes). Without being bound by theory, treatment of fast-dissolving tablets in a low temperature / high humidity chamber followed by a high temperature / low humidity chamber treatment provides the desired fast dissolution, such as rapid disintegration and rapid dissolution. It is believed to increase tablet hardness and reduce tablet friability without compromising properties.
[0062]
Usefulness of the composition of the present invention
The molded article of the present invention (also referred to herein as a composition) is a very wide range of disorders mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), including but not limited to inflammation, pain and / or fever. It is useful for the treatment and prevention of disorders characterized by Such compositions are particularly useful as anti-inflammatory agents, for example in the treatment of arthritis, which are common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents that have no selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1. (NSAID) has the added advantage of having very few harmful side effects compared to the composition. In particular, such compositions have gastrointestinal toxicity and gastrointestinal irritation such as upper gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, kidney side effects such as fluid retention and exacerbation of hypertension when compared to normal NSAID compositions. Is unlikely to cause kidney function loss, has a low impact on bleeding time (such as inhibition of platelet function), and appears to be less capable of causing asthma attacks in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma . Therefore, a composition comprising a selective COX-2 inhibitor of the present invention is particularly useful as an alternative to such NSAIDs when normal NSAIDs are contraindicated, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, localized Enteritis, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, or recurrent history of gastrointestinal disease; gastrointestinal bleeding, coagulopathy, such as anemia, eg hypoprothrombinemia, hemophilia or other bleeding problems; kidney disease Useful in patients; or patients prior to surgery or taking anticoagulants.
[0063]
Such compositions are useful for treating joint disorders, including but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic Include lupus erythematosus and juvenile arthritis.
[0064]
Such compositions are also useful for asthma, bronchitis, menstrual cramps, premature birth, tendinitis, mucinous cystitis, allergic neuritis, cytomegalovirus infectivity, apoptosis, eg HIV-induced apoptosis, low back pain, liver disease For example, hepatitis, skin-related symptoms such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, burns, dermatitis and UV radiation damage such as sunburn, and post-operative inflammation such as after eye surgery such as cataract surgery or refractive correction Useful for the treatment of inflammation after surgery.
[0065]
Such compositions are useful for treating gastrointestinal symptoms, including gastrointestinal symptoms such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis .
[0066]
Such compositions include migraine, nodular periarteritis, thyroiditis, aplastic anemia, Hodgkin's disease, scleroderma, rheumatic fever, type I diabetes, myoneural junction disease such as myasthenia gravis In white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, nephrotic syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, polymyositis, gingivitis, nephritis, hypersensitivity, post-traumatic swelling such as cerebral edema, myocardial ischemia, etc. Useful for the treatment of inflammation.
[0067]
Such compositions are useful for the treatment of eye diseases such as retinitis, scleritis, episclitis, conjunctivitis, retinopathy, uveitis, eye phobia, and acute trauma to eye tissue. Useful.
[0068]
Such compositions are useful for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation, eg, pulmonary inflammation associated with viral infections and cystic fibrosis, and bone resorption, eg, bone resorption associated with osteoporosis.
[0069]
Such compositions are useful for the treatment of certain central nervous system disorders such as cortical dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, and central nervous system damage resulting from stroke, ischemia and trauma. In this context, the term “treatment” includes partial or total suppression of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dementia, multiple infarct dementia, presenile dementia, alcohol dementia and senile dementia.
[0070]
Such compositions are useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, respiratory distress syndrome, endotoxin shock syndrome and liver disease.
[0071]
Such compositions are useful for the treatment of pain, including but not limited to postoperative pain, toothache, muscle pain, and cancer pain. For example, such compositions are useful in reducing pain, fever and inflammation in a wide variety of conditions, including a wide variety of symptoms such as rheumatic fever, influenza and other viral infections such as common colds. , Low back and neck pain, dysmenorrhea, headache, toothache, sprain and muscle contusion, myositis, neuralgia, synovitis, arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis), gout and ankylosing spondylitis , Mucinous cystitis, burns, and trauma after surgical and dental procedures.
[0072]
Such compositions are useful for, but not limited to, treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases associated with inflammation in a patient. Such compositions may be used for vascular disease, coronary artery disease, aneurysm, vascular rejection, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, eg, atherosclerosis by heart transplantation, myocardial infarction, embolism, stroke, thrombus Diseases such as venous thrombosis, angina pectoris such as unstable angina pectoris, coronary artery wing-like inflammation, bacteria-induced inflammation such as chlamydia-induced inflammation, virus-induced inflammation, and surgery Inflammation associated with surgery, such as blood vessel transplantation, such as coronary artery bypass surgery, revascularization, such as angioplasty, stent placement, arterial endarterectomy, or other invasive procedures involving, for example, arteries, veins and capillaries It is useful for the treatment and prevention.
[0073]
Such compositions are useful for, but not limited to, treating angiogenesis-related disorders in a patient, such as inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Such a composition may be a neoplasm such as metastasis; ophthalmic symptoms such as corneal transplant rejection, ocular neovascularization, retinal neovascularization such as angiogenesis after trauma or infection, diabetic retinopathy, macular Degeneration, post-lens fibroplasia and glaucoma, eg angiogenic glaucoma; ulcerative diseases, eg gastric ulcers; Useful for the treatment of osteonecrosis; as well as female reproductive system disorders such as endometriosis.
[0074]
Such compositions are benign and malignant tumors / neoplasms such as cancer, eg colorectal cancer, brain cancer, bone cancer, neoplasms induced by epithelial cells (epithelial carcinoma), eg basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma Gastrointestinal cancer, eg lip cancer, mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, small intestine cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and skin cancer, eg flat It is useful for the prevention or treatment of cell and basal cell cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and other known cancers that affect systemic epithelial cells. Neoplasms for treatments where the compositions of the invention are considered particularly useful include gastrointestinal cancer, Barrett's esophagus, liver cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and skin Cancers such as squamous cell and basal cell cancer. The compositions of the present invention may also be used to treat fibrosis that occurs with radiation therapy. Such compositions can be used to treat patients with adenomatous polyps, such as those suffering from familial adenomatous polyps (FAP). In addition, such compositions can be used to prevent polyp formation in patients at risk for FAP.
[0075]
Such compositions inhibit smooth muscle contraction induced by prostanoids by preventing contractile prostanoid synthesis, thus treating dysmenorrhea, premature birth, asthma and eosinophil related disorders Can be used. Such compositions can also be used to reduce bone loss and treat glaucoma, particularly in postmenopausal women (ie, treatment of osteoporosis).
[0076]
Preferred uses of the compositions of the present invention include the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, generally pain management (especially pain after oral surgery, general post-surgical pain, post orthopedic surgery) Pain, and acute redness of osteoarthritis), Alzheimer's disease treatment, and chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.
[0077]
Besides being useful for human treatment, the compositions of the present invention are also useful for veterinary treatment of pets, exotic animals, livestock, etc., particularly mammals such as rodents. More particularly, the compositions of the invention are useful for veterinary treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated disorders in horses, dogs and cats.
[0078]
The present invention also contemplates a therapeutic method of treating a condition or disorder designated for treatment with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, the method comprising one or more compositions of the present invention. Orally administered to patients. The dosage regimen for preventing, reducing or ameliorating a symptom or disorder preferably corresponds to a once-daily or twice-daily treatment, but can vary depending on a wide variety of factors. Such factors include patient type, age, weight, sex, diet and medical condition, and the nature and severity of the disorder. Accordingly, the dosage regimes actually used can vary widely and may deviate from the preferred dosage regimes described above.
[0079]
Initial treatment of patients suffering from a condition or disorder for which treatment with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is indicated can begin with a dosing regimen as indicated above. Treatment generally continues as needed over weeks to months or years until symptoms or disorders are controlled or eliminated. Patients receiving treatment with the compositions of the present invention can be monitored regularly by any method known in the art to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. By continuously analyzing such monitoring data, adjusting the treatment plan during treatment so that the effective dose of the drug is optimally administered at any time during the period and the treatment period can be determined Can do. In this method, the treatment plan and dosing schedule are such that a minimal amount of a drug that exhibits sufficient efficacy is administered and that administration continues for as long as necessary to fully treat the symptom or disorder. It can be reasonably changed during the treatment period.
[0080]
The compositions of the present invention comprise opioids and other analgesics such as narcotic analgesics, Mu receptor antagonists, kappa receptor antagonists, non-narcotic (ie emergency) analgesics, monoamine uptake inhibitors, adenosine modulators, It can be used in combination therapy using cannabinoid derivatives, substance P antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, sodium channel blockers and the like. A preferred combination therapy includes the use of the composition of the present invention and one or more compounds selected from: aceclofenac, acemetacin, e-acetamidocaproic acid, acetaminophen, acetaminosalol. , Acetanilide, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), S-adenosylmethionine, alclofenac, alfentanil, allylprozin, aluminoprofen, alloxypurine, alphaprozin, aluminum bis (acetylsalicylate), amphenac, aminochlortenoxazine , 3-amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-amino-4-picoline, aminopropyrone, aminopyrine, amixetrine, ammonium salicylate, ampiroxicam, amtormething acyl, anilellidine, anne Pyrin, antipyrine salicylate, anthrafenine, apazone, bendazac, benolylate, benoxaprofen, benzpiperilone, benzidamine, benzylmorphine, vermoprofen, bezitramide, α-bisabolol, bromfenac, p-bromoacetanilide, 5-bromosalicylate acetate , Bromosaligenin, busetine, bucloxic acid, bucolome, bufexamac, bumadizone, buprenorphine, butacetin, butivene, butofanol, calcium acetylsalicylate, carbamazepine, carbifene, carprofen, calsalam, chlorobutanol, chlortenoxazine, choline salicylate, cincosyl doline , Clidanac, clometacin, clonitazen, clonixin, Ropirak, clove, codeine, codeine methylbromide, codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate, clopropamide, crotetamide, desomorphine, dexoxadolol, dextromolamide, dezocine, diampromide, diclofenac sodium, diphenamizole, difenpyramide, diflunisal, dihydrocodeine, Dihydrocodeinone enol acetate, dihydromorphine, dihydroxyaluminum acetylsalicylate, dimenoxadol, dimethylheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxafetil butyrate, dipipanone, diprocetyl, dipyrone, ditazole, droxicam, emorphazone, emphenamic acid, epilysole, Eptazosin, etherate, etenzamide, etoheptazine, etoxazene, ethylmethi Thiambutene, ethylmorphine, etodolac, etofenamate, etnitazen, eugenol, felbinac, fenbufen, fenclozic acid, fendsar, fenoprofen, fentanyl, fenthiazac, feprazinol, feprazone, fructafenine, flufenamic acid, flunoprofen, fluoresol, fluesol Fluproquazone, Flurbiprofen, Phosfosal, Gentisic acid, Graphenin, Glucamethacin, Glycosalicylic acid, Guaiazulene, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Hydroxypetidin, Ibufenac, Ibuprofen, Ibuproxam, Salicylic acid imidazole, Indomethacin, Indoprofen, Isofezodone, Isoradolone, Isoradol Isoxepak, isoxicam, ketobemidone, ketoprofen, ketorolac, p-lactophenetide, lefetamine, levorphanol, lofetanyl, lonazolac, lornoxicam, loxoprofen, acetylsalicylic acid lysine, acetylsalicylic acid magnesium, meclofenamic acid, mefenzinic acid, meperimine, mepterimine Methadone hydrochloride, methotremeprazine, methiazine acid, metholine, methopone, mofebutazone, mofezolac, morazon, morphine, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, morpholine salicylate, mirophine, nabumetone, nalbuphine, 1-naphthyl salicylate, naproxen, narcenico, morphonepine , Nifenazone, niflumic acid, nimesulide, 5′-nitrite B-2'-propoxyacetanilide, norlevorphanol, normethadone, normorphine, norpipanone, olsalazine, opium, oxaseprol, oxametacin, oxaprozin, oxycodone, oxymorphone, oxyphenbutazone, papaveratum, paraniline, palsarmid, pentazocine, perisoxal, phenacetin , Phenadoxone, phenazosin, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, phenocol, phenoperidine, phenopyrazone, phenylacetyl salicylate, phenylbutazone, phenyl salicylate, phenylamidol, piketoprofen, pimidine, pipebuzone, piperonone, piperfen, pyrazolac, pyritramide, piroxicam, prano Prophen, Pro Gourmet Tacin, Proheptadine, Promedol, Lopacetamol, propyram, propoxyphene, propifenazone, proquazone, protidic acid, ramifenazone, remifentanil, rimazolium methylsulfate, salacetamide, salicin, salicylamide, salicylamide o-acetic acid, salicylsulfate, salsalate, salverine, cimetrido, sodium salicylate, Fentanyl, sulfasalazine, sulindac, superoxide dismutase, suprofen, succibzone, tarniflumate, tenidap, tenoxicam, telofenamate, tetrandrine, thiazolinobutazone, thiaprofenic acid, thiaramide, thirizine, tynolysin, tolfenamic acid, tolmethine, tramadol, Tropesin, biminol, xembucin, ximoprofen, zaltoprofen, and , Zomepilac ("The Merck Index", 12th edition (1996), therapeutic agent categories and biological activity headings, which are listed as "analgesic", "anti-inflammatory agents" and "antipyretic agents" See).
[0081]
Particularly preferred combination therapies include the use of the compositions of the present invention, such as using the valdecoxib composition of the present invention and an opioid compound, more preferably the opioid compound is codeine, meperidine, morphine or a derivative thereof. is there.
[0082]
Compounds that can be administered in combination with valdecoxib may be formulated separately from valdecoxib in the compositions of the present invention, or may be formulated with valdecoxib. When valdecoxib is formulated with a second drug, such as an opioid, the second drug may be formulated in an immediate release, immediate release, sustained release, or dual release form.
[0083]
In an embodiment of the present invention, particularly when the symptom mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 is headache or migraine, the valdecoxib composition is a vascular regulator, preferably a xanthine derivative having a vascular regulatory effect, more preferably an alkylxanthine compound. Administered in combination therapy.
[0084]
The combination therapy in which the alkylxanthine compound is administered together with the valdecoxib composition provided in the present invention is based on the effect of vascular regulation on the degree of therapeutic effectiveness of the combination regardless of whether the alkylxanthine is a vascular regulator. Whether or not present, it is included in the embodiment of the present invention. As used herein, the term “alkylxanthine” refers to one or more C1~FourIncluding alkyl, preferably methyl, substituted derivatives, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such xanthine derivatives. Particularly preferred are dimethylxanthine and trimethylxanthine, such as caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. The most preferred alkylxanthine compound is caffeine.
[0085]
The total and relative doses of valdecoxib and vasoregulators or alkylxanthines are selected to have a therapeutic and / or prophylactic effect in reducing the pain associated with headache or migraine. The The appropriate dosage depends on the severity of the pain and the particular vascular regulator or alkylxanthine selected. For example, in combination therapy with valdecoxib and caffeine, valdecoxib is generally administered at a daily dosage of about 1 mg to about 100 mg, preferably about 5 mg to about 50 mg, and caffeine is about 1 mg to about 100 mg. It is administered at a daily dose of 500 mg, preferably from about 10 mg to about 400 mg, more preferably from about 20 mg to about 300 mg.
[0086]
The vasoregulatory agent or alkylxanthine component of the combination therapy can be administered in any suitable formulation and by any suitable route, preferably orally. A vascular regulator or alkylxanthine may optionally be blended with valdecoxib in the molded article of the present invention. Accordingly, the shaped articles of the present invention optionally comprise both valdecoxib and a vascular regulator or alkylxanthine (eg caffeine) in total and relative amounts consistent with the above doses.
[0087]
The phrase “in total and relative amounts effective to alleviate pain” refers to the amount of valdecoxib and a vascular regulator or alkylxanthine in the composition of an embodiment of the invention, with (a) these ingredients taken together in pain And (b) an amount that each component can or can contribute to the pain-reducing effect (although other components are present in such a large amount as to impair such a contribution) If not).
[0088]
〔Example〕
The following examples are intended to illustrate aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limiting.
[Example 1]
[0089]
Valdecoxib fast-dissolving tablets (Batch A, hereinafter referred to as fast-dissolving agent A) were produced according to the following procedure. In the first vessel, maltose (28.03 g) and mannitol (367.6 g) were dissolved in water with heating (70 ° C.) and stirring. Valdecoxib (46.25 g) was dispersed in a maltose / mannitol solution and homogenized for 10 minutes using a Silverson homogenizer. In a second container, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was dissolved in water with gentle stirring to make a wetting agent solution. The wetting agent solution was added to the first container to make a spray solution. The spray solution was spray dried and dry granules were made using a Niro Laboratory Mobile Miner Spray Dryer under the following conditions: Spray rate: 32 g / min; Inlet process gas flow: 2.8 mbar; System pressure: 1 Inlet process gas pressure: 20 mbar; spray pressure: 1.6 bar; spray flow (%): 57; inlet temperature: 160 ° C .; outlet temperature: about 55 ° C .; spray air heater temperature: 287 ° C.
[0090]
Magnesium stearate (1 g), stearic acid (3 g), acesulfame potassium (1 g) and peppermint flavoring agent (1 g) were added to a polyethylene bag and shaken vigorously to prepare a mixture. This mixture was then diluted geometrically with the dry granules produced above until 200 g of dry granules were added. The tablets were then made by individually compressing 400 mg of the tableting formulation to produce tablets with a moderate hardness of 1.5 kp. The resulting tablets were placed in a chamber maintained at 25 ° C. and 80% relative humidity for 1 hour and placed in a chamber maintained at 40 ° C. and 30% relative humidity for another hour. Table 1 shows the composition (mass%) of the fast-dissolving agent A.
[0091]
[Table 1]
[Example 2]
[0092]
A study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of valdecoxib fast-dissolving agent A in beagle dogs. Valdecoxib fast-dissolving agent A was administered to each of 4 dogs. Venous blood was administered before administration and 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after oral administration. Collected at Plasma was separated from blood by centrifugation at 3000G and samples were stored at -20 ° C until analysis. The valdecoxib concentration in plasma was measured by HPLC analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0093]
[Table 2]
[Example 3]
[0094]
Valdecoxib fast-dissolving tablets (Batch B, hereinafter referred to as fast-dissolving agent B) were produced according to the following procedure. Maltose (0.158 kg) and mannitol (2.047 kg) were dissolved in water (14.167 kg) with mixing to make a solution. To this solution, sodium lauryl sulfate (0.037 kg) was added with mixing until dissolved. Valdecoxib (0.258 kg) was dispersed in this solution and homogenized for 15 minutes at about 5000 RPM using a Silverson homogenizer to make a slurry. The slurry was then mixed with a normal ship impeller at about 300 RPM for about 2 hours. This slurry was spray dried and dried granules were made using a Niro Laboratory Mobile Minor Spray Dryer under the following conditions: Spray rate: 30 g / min; Inlet process gas flow: 40 mm H2O; chamber pressure: -100 mm H2O; liquid spray pressure: 1.0 bar; spray flow (%): 70; inlet temperature: 175 ° C; outlet air temperature: about 90 ° C. The theoretical total yield was 2.500 Kg. The above procedure was repeated twice to obtain spray dried granule lot A (1414.3 g) and lot B (1971.9 g).
[0095]
Sieve spray-dried granule lot A and lot B, and dry screen the granulation with peppermint flavoring agent (17.5 g) and acesulfame potassium (17.5 g) for 15 minutes in a V-blender to make a mixture did. To this mixture, magnesium stearate (17.5 g), micronized stearic acid (52.5 g) and colloidal silicon dioxide (8.8 g) were added and further mixed to make a tablet-forming formulation. Upon compression, the tableting formulation was made into tablets with a target hardness of 1.5 Kp and a target tablet weight of 391.58 mg. After compression, the tablets are placed in an IBC humidity treatment chamber (17 liters) maintained at 25 ° C., 80% relative humidity, 75 CFM air flow for 1 hour, and further to 40 ° C., 30% relative humidity, 75 CFM air flow. Set for 1 hour. The composition of fast-dissolving agent B (mg / tablet) is shown in Table 3.
[0096]
[Table 3]
[Example 4]
[0097]
Using the 1% sodium lauryl sulfate solution 1000 ml and the USP Type II apparatus, the fast-dissolving agent B of Example 3 and the commercial Bextra(R)In vitro dissolution characteristics of 40 mg tablets were measured. The data is shown in Table 4. Fast-dissolving agent B showed very rapid dissolution (all valdecoxib dissolved in 15 minutes during the analysis).
[0098]
[Table 4]
[Example 5]
[0099]
The fast-dissolving agent B of Example 3 was administered to 25 humans, respectively. Oral bioavailability parameters were measured and commercially available Bextra(R)Compared to 40 mg tablets. The data is shown in Table 5.
[0100]
[Table 5]
[0101]
These data show that fast-dissolving agent B exhibits very good bioavailability characteristics when administered to humans.
[Example 6]
[0102]
The fast dissolving agent B of Example 3 was evaluated in a taste study according to the following procedure. Four to five panelists specializing in taste were selected, and fast-dissolving tablets were placed on the tongue of each panelist. The panelists gently rolled the tablet against the palate, simultaneously recording sensory information and measuring the time to complete disintegration. The sensory information includes sensory stimulus characteristics regarding each tablet, such as quality of flavoring agents, bitterness, satisfaction, texture, mouth sensation, and aftertaste. These characteristics are defined according to the classification unit scales 1-5, respectively, and by comparison with comparative valdecoxib fast dissolving tablets containing any one of cherries, strawberries, oranges, peppermint or spearmint flavoring agents, and different The difference in perception from other commercially available dissolution products was shown by comparing with fast dissolving tablets containing active ingredients.
[0103]
After the tablet completely disintegrated, the panelists recorded a sensory aftertaste over 30 minutes. Each tablet was evaluated in triplicate and all samples were coded for presentation to panelists. The average disintegration time of the fast dissolving agent B was 23.6 seconds. Taken together, valdecoxib fast solubilizer B showed acceptable taste quality (data not shown) and disintegration time.
Claims (30)
な総量で水に溶解する工程;バルデコキシブを水に分散する工程;ここで、溶解する工程および分散する工程は、いずれかの順序で、または同時に行われ、スプレー用液を得る;スプレー用液を噴霧乾燥し、錠剤形成配合物を作製する工程;および、錠剤形成配合物を圧縮し、錠剤を作製する工程を含む、上記の製造方法。A method for producing a valdecoxib tablet composition that disintegrates in the mouth, comprising providing granular valdecoxib; at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive exhibiting rapid solubility in the mouth, the method being completed In which the additive is dissolved in water in a total amount of about 50 to about 99% of the total weight of the tablet; the step of dispersing valdecoxib in water; wherein the step of dissolving and dispersing is any In order or at the same time to obtain a spray liquid; spray drying the spray liquid to produce a tablet forming formulation; and compressing the tablet forming formulation to produce a tablet The above manufacturing method.
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US32808801P | 2001-10-10 | 2001-10-10 | |
PCT/US2002/032333 WO2003030876A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-10-10 | Intraorally disintegrating valdecoxib compositions prepared by spray drying process |
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JP (1) | JP2005508348A (en) |
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US7815937B2 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2010-10-19 | Biovail Laboratories International Srl | Quick dissolve compositions and tablets based thereon |
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US5576014A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1996-11-19 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd | Intrabuccally dissolving compressed moldings and production process thereof |
KR100373622B1 (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 2003-07-12 | 머크 앤드 캄파니 인코포레이티드 | One-time therapeutic composition for diseases mediated with cyclooxygenase-2 |
KR100664479B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2007-01-04 | 파마시아 코포레이션 | Valdecoxib composition |
US6316029B1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-13 | Flak Pharma International, Ltd. | Rapidly disintegrating solid oral dosage form |
US20020071857A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-06-13 | Kararli Tugrul T. | Rapidly disintegrating oral formulation of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor |
CN1638739A (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2005-07-13 | 法玛西雅厄普约翰美国公司 | Compound for treating assuetude disturbance |
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JP2018117617A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2018-08-02 | エヌ.ブイ.・ヌートリシア | Improved nutritional tablet |
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IL161253A0 (en) | 2004-09-27 |
CZ2004456A3 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
CO5570687A2 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
HRP20040331A2 (en) | 2005-12-31 |
CA2462881A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
NO20041894D0 (en) | 2004-05-07 |
GEP20063857B (en) | 2006-06-26 |
YU37104A (en) | 2006-08-17 |
NZ532184A (en) | 2005-12-23 |
WO2003030876A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
CN1602187A (en) | 2005-03-30 |
BR0213152A (en) | 2004-10-19 |
PL370136A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
AP2004003022A0 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
HUP0401776A2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
BG108675A (en) | 2005-03-31 |
EP1450769A1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
ECSP045056A (en) | 2004-08-27 |
TNSN04056A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
MXPA04003404A (en) | 2004-06-18 |
MA27543A1 (en) | 2005-10-03 |
IS7211A (en) | 2004-04-07 |
OA12666A (en) | 2006-06-19 |
KR20050035138A (en) | 2005-04-15 |
SK1662004A3 (en) | 2005-07-01 |
EA200400423A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
ZA200402728B (en) | 2005-03-17 |
NO20041894L (en) | 2004-07-07 |
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