JP2005353078A - Method for analyzing behavior of human body, program, storage medium, and system for analyzing/applying behavior of human body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To analyze behaviors of a human body with sufficiently high accuracy by performing a simulation using a human body model on a computer. <P>SOLUTION: Behaviors of at least one part of the human body is analyzed by conducting a simulation of the behaviors using the computer under a predetermined simulation analysis condition, on the basis of the human body model 30 provided by modeling on the computer the whole human body in relation to a skeleton structure and in relation to a joining structure such as ligament, tendon, muscle or the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for simulating and analyzing the behavior of a human body by a computer by using a human body model on the computer.

  There are fields where it is desired to accurately analyze the behavior of the human body. An example of such a field is to design the vehicle structure so that the degree of deformation that occurs to the occupant is reduced as much as possible from the viewpoint of improving the safety of the vehicle against external impacts. It is a field to do.

  Conventionally, in such fields, human body behavior is analyzed using the whole body or part of a dummy doll that replaces the actual human body, or only a part of the human body is modeled on a computer instead of the whole body. It has been common practice to use it to analyze human behavior.

  For example, in the field of designing the vehicle structure described above, conventionally, an actual vehicle in which a dummy doll is seated on a seat of an actual vehicle instead of an actual occupant and the actual vehicle is actually brought into contact with an obstacle in that state. Experiments have evaluated the safety of the vehicle against external impacts.

  However, the dummy doll may not always be able to accurately represent the actual behavior of the human body.

  In addition, even when a human body model is used on a computer, as is clear from the above description, conventionally, the entire human body is modeled on a computer. The behavior was not simulated and analyzed.

  For this reason, conventionally, even if any analysis method is used, the behavior of the human body cannot be analyzed with sufficiently high accuracy.

  Against the backdrop of such circumstances, the present invention has been made to simulate and analyze human body behavior with sufficiently high accuracy using a human body model on a computer. An embodiment is obtained.

  As with the claims, each aspect is divided into sections, each section is numbered, and is described in a form that cites the numbers of other sections as necessary. This is to facilitate understanding of some of the technical features and combinations thereof described herein, and the technical features and combinations thereof described herein are limited to the following aspects. Should not be interpreted.

(1) The whole body of a human body is a skeletal tissue that includes a plurality of bones, and a connective tissue that connects a plurality of parts of the human body to each other, including at least one ligament, at least one tendon, and at least one muscle. Based on a human body model modeled on a computer, the behavior of substantially all parts of the human body is simulated by a computer based on a preset simulation analysis condition. A human body behavior analysis method that performs analysis.

  According to this method, since the whole human body is modeled and the human body behavior is analyzed by simulation, the human body behavior can be analyzed with sufficiently high accuracy.

  Further, according to this method, since the whole human body is modeled with respect to its skeletal tissue and connective tissue, for example, compared with the case of modeling with respect to only the skeletal tissue, the human body model is compared with the actual human behavior. It becomes easy to construct so that it can be expressed more faithfully.

  This method can be applied to various applications.

  One application is in the field of medical care (including rehabilitation, geriatric medicine, sports medicine) to assist in diagnosing and treating human illnesses or deformities, particularly with respect to bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, etc. It is.

  Another use is to make a person on the video perform a more realistic movement when shooting a scene that cannot be realized by a real person in the field of shooting a video such as a movie or television. It is to support.

  In the method described in this section, the “simulation analysis condition” can include, for example, a condition regarding force, displacement, speed, or acceleration acting on the human body from the outside.

  Also, in this section, the “human body model” is used to analyze the human body behavior under the finite element method, so that the human body is modeled by dividing the human body into multiple elements. be able to. In this case, the “human body model” can be said to be a finite element model for the whole human body.

(2) The human body model is configured without using a mechanism model in which a plurality of rigid body parts are connected to each other by a plurality of mechanical joint elements in order to represent the whole human body (1). The human body behavior analysis method according to the item.

  According to this method, the human body model can faithfully represent the whole human body anatomically, and as a result, the behavior of the whole human body can be accurately simulated.

  In this section, “mechanical joint element” is defined to include, for example, a pin joint type that uses a pin to achieve rotation about a fixed rotation axis, or a ball and any rotation axis thereof. It can be defined to include a ball joint formula that achieves rotation around.

(3) Described in the item (1) or (2), wherein substantially all the parts of the human body model are configured by a deformable element that expresses deformation of each part of the human body expressed by each part with respect to an external force. Human body behavior analysis method.

  According to this method, it is possible to analyze the deformation of substantially all parts of the human body by simulation.

  Furthermore, according to this method, for example, when deformation occurs simultaneously at a plurality of locations in the whole human body, it is possible to analyze the degree of deformation of substantially all parts of the whole human body by relying on the same human body model.

  In this section, “deformation” can be used as a term meaning at least one of elastic deformation and plastic deformation.

  When the “deformation” is used as a term meaning at least plastic deformation, according to the invention described in this section, it is possible to evaluate a fracture, destruction, rupture, disconnection, etc. of a human body through a human body model. .

(4) Among the plurality of parts of the human body model, one that represents some of the plurality of bones is configured by an elasto-plastic element that represents an elasto-plastic body having a mechanical characteristic in which a plastic region follows an elastic region. The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (3).

  According to this method, the fracture of the human body can be evaluated by simulation.

(5) The human body behavior analysis according to any one of items (1) to (4), in which the human body model is used to analyze not only the behavior of each part of the whole human body but also the stress of each part. Method.

  According to this method, it is not necessary to use separate human body models in order to analyze the behavior and stress of each part of the whole human body, and these two types of analysis can be performed easily and in a short time.

(6) Among the plurality of units constituting the connective tissue, those having a large contribution to the accuracy of the analysis are modeled, but those having a small contribution are not modeled. The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (5), which is configured.

  According to this method, the whole human body can be modeled without waste in relation to the analysis accuracy, the time required for modeling can be easily reduced, and the computer calculation time for analysis can be easily reduced. obtain.

(7) The human body model is configured by modeling the whole human body so as to express the strength of the plurality of bones and the softness of the skin of the human body. The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1.

  According to this method, it becomes easy to construct a human body model as one that expresses human mechanical characteristics down to bone strength and skin softness.

(8) The human body model is configured by modeling the whole human body so as to express the strength of the plurality of bones and the soft tissue softness of the human body. The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1.

  According to this method, the human body model leads to bone strength and soft tissue (for example, all of the human body except bone, which means skin, meat (including muscle), and fat). It becomes easy to construct as something that expresses human mechanical characteristics.

(9) The human body model has at least one of a shape, a position, a mechanical characteristic, and a mechanical characteristic of at least one portion thereof as a variable parameter, and the variable parameter is prior to the simulation, The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (8), which is specified by a user.

  According to this method, the human body model used for the simulation analysis can be easily adapted to various purposes by specifying the variable parameter by the user.

(10) The human body model is configured by modeling at least one of a plurality of units constituting the connective tissue with a one-dimensional elastic bar element, according to any one of (1) to (9). Human body behavior analysis method.

  According to this method, the specifications and analysis characteristics of the human body model can be modeled relatively easily with respect to its connective tissue.

  In this section, “a plurality of units constituting the connective tissue” means, for example, a plurality of muscles independent of each other in the connective tissue.

(11) Based on the human body model, the preset simulation analysis conditions, the characteristics of the obstacle assumed to contact the human body, and the deformation criteria set in advance for each part of the human body Thus, when the human body comes into contact, at least one of the behavior and load generated in each part of the human body and the degree of deformation generated in each part are simulated and analyzed by the computer (1) to (10) The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (10).

  According to this method, it is possible to predict the part where the human body is deformed upon contact with the obstacle and the extent of the deformation, which can easily elucidate the mechanism of deformation occurring upon contact with the obstacle. This means that measures that should be taken to reduce the risk can be easily recalled.

  In this section, “obstacle” can be interpreted to mean a moving body such as a vehicle, or it can be interpreted to mean a structure (fixed matter) such as a wall, a utility pole, or a guardrail. This definition can also be applied to the following embodiments.

(12) A series of simulations is performed by repeating unit simulation of the whole human body model by the computer in time steps that are unit time, and the length of the time step is determined in advance with the whole human body as a plurality of elements. Any one of the items (1) to (11), wherein the human body model is configured by dividing so as to satisfy a condition regarding a minimum length of each element set in advance so as not to be shorter than a set minimum value. The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1.

In simulation analysis by a computer using a human body model, a series of simulations is generally performed by repeating unit simulation of the entire human body model by a computer at time steps that are unit time. On the other hand, in order for a human body model to be practical for analysis, it is necessary that the computer calculation time for a series of simulations is not too long. The time step becomes shorter as the representative length of each element of the human body model is shorter, and the calculation time becomes longer as the time step is shorter. The minimum value of the time step should be set so as not to be shorter than about 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ seconds.

  Based on such knowledge, in the method according to this section, a series of simulations are performed by repeating unit simulation for the whole human body model by a computer at time steps that are unit time, and the whole body is made into a plurality of elements. The human body model is configured by dividing the time step so as not to satisfy the condition relating to the minimum length of each element set in advance so that the length of the time step does not become shorter than the preset minimum value.

  Therefore, according to this method, the practicality of the human body model can be easily improved, and as a result, a practical human body behavior analysis method can be easily realized.

(13) Any one of the items (1) to (12), wherein the human body model is configured by modeling the joint portion of the human body so as to express the mechanical characteristics of the connective tissue existing therein. The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1.

  Conventionally, a human body model has been constructed by modeling a joint part of a human body with a mechanical joint element without considering the connective tissue existing there. An example of such a conventional human body model is to divide a human body into a plurality of rigid elements having a shape and a mass, and the plurality of divided rigid elements are joint elements and the plurality of rigid bodies. It is a mechanism model in which elements are coupled to each other by means of fixed movement axes that allow relative movement of elements.

  However, when the human body model is configured in this way, for example, the actual stress-strain characteristic of the joint part, that is, the mechanical characteristic cannot be expressed sufficiently accurately.

  On the other hand, in the method according to this section, the human body model is constructed by modeling the joint portion of the human body so as to express the mechanical characteristics of the connective tissue existing there.

  Therefore, according to this method, the motion and deformation of the joint part of the human body can be expressed more accurately.

(14) The human body has at least one motion axis around which some of the plurality of bones coupled to each other at joints of the human body are moved, and the positions of the motion axes are Including a variable axis joint that can be changed according to the relative movement of several bones,
By modeling the motion axis variable joint part so that the position of the motion axis can be changed by adopting an anatomically equivalent structure in the human body model, the human body model The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (13), which is configured.

  Conventionally, a human body model has been constructed by modeling a joint unit of a motion axis of a human body with a mechanical joint element that expresses the position of the motion axis of the human body so as not to change. An example of such a conventional human body model is the mechanism model described above.

  However, when the human body model is configured in this way, for example, the actual motion of the variable motion axis joint, that is, the mechanical characteristics cannot be expressed sufficiently accurately.

  On the other hand, in the method according to this section, the motion axis variable joint portion of the human body is expressed by adopting an anatomically equivalent structure in the human body model so that the position of the motion axis can be changed. By modeling in this way, a human body model is constructed.

  Therefore, according to this method, it is possible to more accurately represent the motion, that is, the displacement of the human body motion axis variable joint.

(15) The human body has at least one motion axis around which some of the plurality of bones coupled to each other at joints of the human body are moved, and the position of the motion axis is Including a variable axis joint that can be changed according to the relative movement of several bones,
The motion axis variable joint part is expressed so that the position of the motion axis can be changed by adopting an anatomically equivalent structure in the human body model, and the coupling existing in the motion axis variable joint part By modeling so as to express the mechanical characteristics of the tissue, the human body model is configured,
Any one of the items (1) to (12), wherein the human body model is used to analyze the behavior of the whole human body and to analyze the deformation of substantially all the parts of the human body including the motion axis variable joint. The human body behavior analysis method described in 1.

  If the human body model is constructed by modeling the joints that can change the motion axis of the human body so as to express the actual mechanical and mechanical characteristics of the joint, the motion axis of the human body model can be changed. This means that the part corresponding to the joint part (hereinafter referred to as “joint part model”) is a model that can express the characteristics of the motion axis variable joint part, that is, the deformation characteristics and the motion characteristics with high accuracy. This means that if the joint part model is used, the behavior of the whole human body reflecting the behavior of the motion axis variable joint part and the deformation analysis of the motion axis variable joint part can be performed. Means.

  Based on these findings, the method according to this section uses the human body model that represents the actual mechanical and mechanistic characteristics of the variable axis of motion of the human body to analyze the behavior of the whole human body. Analysis of deformation of substantially all parts of the human body including the motion axis variable joint is performed.

  Therefore, according to this method, since it is possible to perform a plurality of types of analysis using the same human body model, it is possible to easily reduce the computer calculation time required for analyzing the behavior and deformation of the human body.

(16) The human body model is configured by modeling the thoracoabdominal part of the human body so as to individually express the deformation of the plurality of organs existing in the human body against the external force. The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of the above.

  It has already been proposed to evaluate the deformation of the thorax of the human body by simulation analysis using a human body model.

  However, the conventional proposal is to evaluate the thoracoabdominal part of a human body by performing a macro-simulation analysis, and does not allow detailed analysis and evaluation for each organ.

  On the other hand, in the method according to this section, the human body model is configured by modeling the thoracoabdominal part of the human body so as to individually express the deformation of the plurality of organs existing therein against the external force.

  Therefore, according to this method, since each organ in the human body is individually modeled, it is possible to analyze and evaluate deformation for each organ.

(17) In an environment in which impact response stress, which is stress generated in each part of the human body in response to the impact applied to the human body, depends on the posture of the human body when the impact is applied,
By using the human body model, a posture analysis step of analyzing the posture of the whole human body at the time of applying the impact,
The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (16), including: a stress analysis step of analyzing the impact response stress by using the analyzed posture and the human body model.

  According to this method, in an environment in which the stress of the human body responding to the impact application depends on the posture of the human body at the time of the impact application, using the human body model, the posture of the whole human body at the time of the impact application is considered, Impact response stress can be analyzed with high accuracy.

(18) The environment includes an environment in which a human collides with a structure while exercising, and the impact response stress includes a stress generated in one of a plurality of portions of the human that collides with the structure. The human body behavior analysis method according to the item.

(19) The environment includes an environment in which a human falls and collides with the ground or the floor, and the impact response stress includes a stress generated in one of a plurality of parts of the human that collides with the ground or the floor ( The human body behavior analysis method according to item 17).

(20) The environment according to (17), wherein the environment includes an environment in which a human lands on the ground or floor at the sole of the foot during walking or running, and the impact response stress includes a stress generated in the foot. Human body behavior analysis method.

(21) The human body behavior analysis method according to (20), wherein the person is wearing shoes, and the impact response stress includes stress generated in the shoe.

(22) The posture analysis step includes
(A) By dividing the whole human body into a plurality of rigid elements each having a shape and a mass, and connecting the plurality of rigid elements by a joint element so that they can move relative to each other around a fixed movement axis. Based on a mechanism model modeled on a computer, a first analysis step of analyzing the posture of the whole human body before the impact is applied;
(B) a second analysis step of giving the analyzed posture to the human body model, and thereafter analyzing the posture of the whole human body when the shock is applied based on the human body model (17) to (21) The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of items 1) to 3).

  Comparing the human body model in the item (17) with the mechanism model in this section, the mechanism model cannot accurately analyze the behavior of the whole human body and the stress of each part. Can be analyzed in a short time. On the other hand, the human body model can accurately analyze the behavior of the whole human body and the stress of each part, but generally requires a longer time to analyze the behavior of the whole human body than the mechanism model. It is.

  Therefore, in the method according to this section, it is possible to analyze the posture of the whole human body in a short time by using the mechanism model at the stage where posture analysis does not require high accuracy, that is, before the impact is applied. Furthermore, the posture of the whole body is highly accurate by using a human body model at the stage where high accuracy is required for posture analysis, that is, before the impact is applied and before the impact is applied. It is possible to analyze with.

(23) A program executed by a computer to execute the human body behavior analysis method according to any one of (1) to (22).

  If this program is executed by a computer, the same effect can be realized according to basically the same principle as in the method according to any one of the above items (1) to (22).

  This program can be interpreted to include not only a combination of instructions executed by a computer to fulfill its function, but also files and data processed according to each instruction.

  In addition, this program may achieve its intended purpose by being executed on a computer by itself, or it may be intended to achieve its intended purpose by being executed on a computer together with other programs. it can. In the latter case, the program according to this section can be mainly composed of data.

(24) A recording medium on which the program according to item (23) is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

  If the program recorded on the recording medium is executed by a computer, the same operation and effect as the method according to any one of the items (1) to (22) can be realized.

  This recording medium can adopt various formats, for example, a magnetic recording medium such as a flexible disk, an optical recording medium such as a CD and a CD-ROM, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO, an unremovable storage such as a ROM, etc. Either of these may be employed.

(25) Based on a human body model modeled on a computer with respect to a human body whose whole body is at least a skeletal tissue and includes a plurality of bones, at least one of the human body is set under a simulation analysis condition set in advance. A human body behavior analysis / application system in which a behavior of a part is simulated and analyzed by execution of a simulation program by a computer, and an application specified by a user is executed by the computer or another computer based on the analysis result.

(26) With respect to the entire human body, the skeletal tissue and a connective tissue that connects a plurality of parts of the human body to each other and includes at least one of at least one ligament, at least one tendon, and at least one muscle The human body behavior analysis / application system according to item (25), wherein the human body model is configured by modeling.

  According to this system, the whole human body is modeled with respect to its skeletal tissue and connective tissue, so that the human body model is more faithful to real human behavior than when modeling only with respect to skeletal tissue, for example. It becomes easy to construct it so that it can be expressed.

(27) The simulation program considers the preset simulation analysis conditions based on the human body model, whereby at least the behavior of all the parts and loads of the whole body of the human body. (26) The human body behavior analysis / application system according to the item (26).

  According to this system, it is possible to simulate and analyze by computer a behavior of at least all of the behaviors and loads of substantially all parts of the human body and the degree of deformation occurring in each part. Become.

  In addition, the system according to any one of the items (25) to (27) can be implemented together with the characteristic technique according to any one of the items (2) to (22).

(28) A human body behavior analysis / application system including at least one of a server computer and a client computer that are communicably connected to each other,
The server computer is based on a human body model modeled on a computer with respect to a human body whose whole body is at least a skeletal tissue and includes a plurality of bones. The behavior of at least one part is simulated and analyzed by execution of a simulation program by a computer, and the analysis result is transmitted to the client computer,
The human body behavior analysis / application system in which the client computer executes an application specified by the user based on the analysis result received from the server computer.

  According to this system, an application specified by a user (a computer program directed to a specific application) is executed based on a result of simulation analysis using a model of the whole human body. It can be implemented so that the objectives of the period are fully achieved.

  The system according to this section can be implemented with the characteristic technique described in any one of the above (2) to (22) and (25) to (27).

(29) A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling by dividing a whole body or a local part of a human body into a plurality of elements,
The plurality of elements are classified into types: a one-dimensional element having a length without thickness, a two-dimensional element having an area and shape without thickness, and a three-dimensional element having a volume and shape. The two-dimensional element is classified into a plate element that generates a tensile force and a compressive force in the in-plane direction thereof, and a membrane element that generates a tensile force in the in-plane direction but does not generate a compressive force. The multiple parts that are configured are configured to include ligaments, tendons or muscles,
In the method, each of the plurality of parts is modeled by dividing the first parts that are moved relative to each other in contact with a region having an area with the other parts, by dividing them into a plurality of membrane elements. A human body model creation method including a first modeling step in which each second part where contact and relative movement do not substantially occur is modeled by dividing into a plurality of one-dimensional elements.

  If attention is paid to the fact that the ligaments, tendons or muscles, which are a plurality of parts constituting the human body, are thinner than bones, it may be modeled by a membrane element of a two-dimensional element. However, in order to ensure analysis accuracy, each of the plurality of parts can be modeled by dividing it into a plurality of membrane elements, with each of the first parts being moved relative to each other in a region having an area with another part. However, even if each second part where contact and relative motion do not substantially occur is modeled by dividing it into a plurality of one-dimensional elements, a certain degree of analysis accuracy is ensured. If it is modeled, the effort and time required for modeling can be easily reduced.

  Based on such knowledge, according to the method according to the present section, the plurality of first parts that can be relatively moved while the plurality of parts constituting the modeling target are in contact with each other in the area having the area are plural. Each of the second regions where contact and relative movement do not substantially occur is modeled by being divided into a plurality of one-dimensional elements.

  Therefore, according to this method, analysis accuracy can be ensured while reducing the time and effort required for modeling.

  If this method can reduce the effort and time required for modeling, it is necessary to model the entire human body with respect to skeletal tissue and connective tissue, so the effort and time required for modeling are required. Although it is particularly desirable to implement in a situation in which a reduction in power consumption is particularly strongly desired, the idea inherent in this method can also be adopted in a technique for locally modeling a human body.

(30) wherein the plurality of sites includes bone having a hard and thin outer layer and a soft interior, and the method is further modeled by dividing the outer layer into a plurality of plate elements; The human body model creation method according to item (29), including a second modeling step in which the inside is modeled by dividing into a plurality of three-dimensional elements.

  It is conceivable to model a human bone by dividing the whole bone into a plurality of three-dimensional elements. However, when the bone is configured to include a hard and thin outer layer and a soft interior, the outer layer is divided into a plurality of three-dimensional elements having a short representative length. The short representative length of each three-dimensional element means that the computer calculation time required for the analysis becomes long as described above. On the other hand, if attention is paid to the fact that the thickness of the outer layer is thin, it is possible to model by dividing the outer layer into a plurality of two-dimensional elements. The problem of shortening the length can be easily avoided.

  Based on such knowledge, according to the method according to this section, a bone including a hard thin outer layer and a soft inner is modeled by dividing the outer layer into a plurality of plate elements. The interior is modeled by being divided into a plurality of three-dimensional elements.

  Therefore, according to this method, it becomes easy to ensure analysis accuracy while shortening the calculation time by the computer.

(31) The first modeling step includes a step of dividing each first portion into a plurality of membrane elements so that each membrane element forms a quadrangle approximate to a square (29) or (30). To create a human body model.

(32) Any one of (29) to (31), wherein the second modeling step includes a step of dividing the outer layer into a plurality of plate elements so that each plate element forms a quadrangle approximate to a square. To create a human body model.

(33) The second modeling step includes the step of dividing the interior into a plurality of three-dimensional elements so that each three-dimensional element forms a hexahedron approximated to a cube. How to create a human body model described in Crab.

(34) A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
The object is configured to include a plurality of original sites that are physically independent of each other;
The method is
A first dividing step of dividing each original part into a plurality of small parts by at least one dividing plane so that the flatness of each small part is greater than the flatness of the whole original part to which the original part belongs;
A human body model creation method including: a second dividing step of modeling each small part by dividing each of the divided small parts into a plurality of elements.

  Conventionally, when modeling an object, attention is paid to a plurality of original parts constituting the object that are physically independent from each other, and the element division is performed for each original part. It was broken.

  However, among the plurality of original parts, there are original parts that are generally flat, and there are original parts that are geometrically twisted. If the latter original part is divided into a plurality of elements by treating it as a minimum unit, the original part may not be modeled so as to accurately represent the mechanical characteristics of the original part. is there.

  On the other hand, in the method according to this section, each original part is divided into a plurality of small parts so that the flatness of each small part is higher than the flatness of the original part to which it belongs. Thereafter, each of the divided small parts is divided into a plurality of elements by treating it as a minimum unit, whereby each small part is modeled.

  Therefore, according to this method, it becomes easy to accurately model each original part regardless of the complexity of the shape of each original part.

  If this method can reduce the effort and time required for modeling, it is necessary to model the entire human body with respect to skeletal tissue and connective tissue, so the effort and time required for modeling are required. Although it is particularly desirable to implement in a situation in which a reduction in power consumption is particularly strongly desired, the idea inherent in this method can also be adopted in a technique for locally modeling a human body.

(35) Based on the human body model created by the human body model creating method described in (34), the behavior of at least one part of the human body is simulated by a computer and analyzed under preset initial simulation conditions. A human body behavior analysis method,
Of the plurality of elements of the human body model, a plurality of adjacent elements that are adjacent to each other with the respective dividing planes as boundaries should normally match each other with respect to the coordinate values of the nodes that are the vertices of the adjacent elements. Nevertheless, the human body behavior analysis method includes a condition setting step for setting the simulation initial condition so that a plurality of nodes that should originally match each other are not relatively displaced during the simulation when they do not match each other. .

  In the human body model created by the human body model creating method described in the above (34), a plurality of adjacent elements that are adjacent to each other with each divided plane as a boundary are inherently related to the coordinate values of nodes that are vertices of the adjacent elements. If so, they may not match each other even though they should match each other. In this case, if the simulation is performed while ignoring the unscheduled mismatch, the analysis accuracy may decrease due to the unscheduled mismatch.

  Therefore, in the method according to this section, the simulation initial condition is set so that a plurality of nodes that should be consistent with each other are not relatively displaced during the simulation.

  Therefore, according to this method, a plurality of nodes that do not actually match each other are handled in the simulation as if they match each other.

  As a result, according to this method, it can be easily avoided that the adoption of the technique of performing the second division into the elements after the first division with respect to the original part becomes a factor of reducing the simulation analysis accuracy.

(36) A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
The object includes a muscle that extends across a joint that joins two bones together, and the muscle is joined to the two bones at both ends thereof and to one of the two bones in the middle It has been
The method is a modeling step in which the muscle is modeled by dividing it by a one-dimensional element that has a length without thickness and transmits force,
A first optimization that optimizes the path of the one-dimensional element so that the one-dimensional element remains along the two bones despite the change in the angle between the two bones. Process,
Creating a human body model including a second optimization step for optimizing the connection between the one-dimensional element and the two bones so that the force transmission between the one-dimensional element and the two bones has real characteristics Method.

  According to this method, a muscle extending across a joint that joins two bones together, joined to the two bones at both ends thereof, and joined to one of the two bones in the middle However, it becomes easy to model the path and the force transmission characteristics so as to accurately represent the path.

(37) In the first optimization step, the one-dimensional element includes two end connection points connecting with the two bones at both ends thereof, and an intermediate connection point connecting with the one bone in the middle thereof. Comprising modeling the muscle to have,
The second optimization step includes a pulley fixedly positioned on the one bone at the intermediate connection point and the one bone and a rope supported by the pulley; The human body model creation method according to item (36), including a step of modeling so as to be expressed by a conceptual combination.

  According to this method, it becomes easy to accurately express the path of the one-dimensional element and the force transmission characteristic by a conceptual combination of the pulley and the rope.

(38) The human body model creation method according to (36) or (37), wherein the muscle is a complex of an Achilles tendon and a triceps surae extending therefrom.

(39) A human body model creation support method for supporting creation of a human body model by a computer having a screen by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
At least one part model that accurately represents the characteristics of each part in association with each of a plurality of parts constituting the object, and the user stores the current model about the human body from a memory that is stored in advance as a standard part model. A first display step of reading a part model corresponding to the part to be converted and displaying the read part model on the computer screen;
A human body model creation support method including a definition step of defining a part model by giving a shape and size to the displayed part model in response to a command from a user.

  In this method, at least one part model that accurately represents the characteristics of each part is stored in advance in a memory as a standard part model in association with each of a plurality of parts constituting the object. Then, a part model corresponding to a part that the user is to model this time on the human body is read from the memory, and the read part model is displayed on the screen of the computer.

  Therefore, according to this method, it becomes easy for the user to model the human body by selecting an appropriate part model without the experience and knowledge necessary for modeling the human body.

  As a result, according to this method, it is not indispensable for the user to define, from 0, a part model that accurately represents the characteristics of each part for each part.

(40) The at least one part model stored in advance in the memory includes, as the plurality of candidate part models, a plurality of part models having different types regarding the same part of the human body,
The method further comprises:
In response to a command from the user, a selection step of selecting any of the plurality of candidate site models as a final site model,
A second display step of displaying the selected final part model on the screen, and
The human body model creation described in (39), wherein the defining step defines the final part model by giving the shape and size to the displayed final part model in response to a command from the user. Support method.

  According to this method, instead of selecting and displaying one part model for the same part of the human body, a plurality of part models of different types are displayed.

  Therefore, according to this method, the degree of freedom in selecting the part model is improved, and it is possible to easily cope with various needs of the user.

(41) At least one of the plurality of candidate part models related to the same part of the human body models the part with a one-dimensional element, and the combination of the one-dimensional element with another part of the human body A pulley fixedly positioned at the site;
The human body model creation support method according to (40), which is a candidate part model that is modeled so as to be expressed by a conceptual combination with a rope supported by the pulley.

  According to this method, it becomes easy to accurately express the path of the one-dimensional element and the force transmission characteristic by a conceptual combination of the pulley and the rope.

(42) A program executed by a computer to execute the human body model creation support method according to any one of (39) to (41).

  If this program is executed by a computer, the same effect can be realized in accordance with basically the same principle as in the method according to any one of the items (39) to (41).

  This program can be interpreted to include not only a combination of instructions executed by a computer to fulfill its function, but also files and data processed according to each instruction.

(43) A recording medium on which the program according to item (42) is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

  If the program recorded on the recording medium is executed by a computer, the same operation and effect as the method according to any one of the items (39) to (41) can be realized.

  This recording medium can adopt various formats, for example, a magnetic recording medium such as a flexible disk, an optical recording medium such as a CD and a CD-ROM, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO, an unremovable storage such as a ROM, etc. Either of these may be employed.

  Hereinafter, some of more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a human body behavior analysis / application system (hereinafter simply referred to as “analysis / application system”) 10 in which the human body behavior analysis method according to the first embodiment of the present invention is executed.

  The analysis / application system 10 includes a simulation computer system 12, a design support computer (CAD) system 14, and a control computer system 16. The computer systems 12, 14, and 16 are shown by omitting the term “system” in FIG.

  As is well known, the design support computer system 14 supports the designer when the designer designs the structure of the vehicle. Hereinafter, the design support computer system 14 is referred to as a design support computer 14 for convenience of explanation.

  The simulation computer system 12 uses a human body model that can represent the behavior of the occupant on the computer, so that the behavior and load generated at each part of the occupant when the vehicle on which the occupant is in contact with the obstacle. (Stress) is analyzed by simulation.

  The computer system for simulation 12 is further based on the analysis results of the loads on all the parts of the human body, and parts of the parts that may be deformed beyond the standard (hereinafter simply referred to as “excessive deformation”). Is determined as a deformation occurrence site. Specifically, the computer system 12 determines a part where the load is locally large as a deformation occurrence part when the analysis result of the load in each part of the human body is associated with the position of each part. As described above, the computer system 12 relatively determines a portion where excess deformation may occur among all the portions based on the analysis result of the load.

  Similar to the other two computer systems 14 and 16, the simulation computer system 12 includes a computer 18, a keyboard 20 as an input device and a mouse (not shown), and an output device, as shown in FIG. The monitor 22 is provided. As is well known, the computer 18 is configured by connecting a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM to each other via a bus. The computer 18 further includes a storage device 24. The storage device 24 reads programs and data from a recording medium 26 such as a hard disk or a CD-ROM, and writes data to the recording medium 26. Hereinafter, the simulation computer system 12 is referred to as a simulation computer 12 for convenience of explanation.

  The recording medium 26 includes data for defining a human body model, and a simulation program for performing a simulation analysis of the behavior and deformation of an occupant when an external impact is applied to the vehicle using the human body model. Is recorded in advance. This simulation program is a program for simulating the behavior and deformation of an occupant when an external impact is applied to the vehicle using a finite element method. As is well known, the finite element method is one of computer-based numerical calculation methods. A continuum is divided into a large number of elements having a finite size, for example, meshes, and physical quantities of individual elements are divided. Is a method of numerically calculating the entire system by incorporating the above into the simultaneous material property equation. The material characteristic equation has a material characteristic coefficient as a coefficient for controlling the analysis characteristic of the finite element method.

  In FIG. 3, the human body model 30 recorded on the recording medium 26 is shown as a three-dimensional image. In the figure, the human body model 30 is shown in a posture in which both feet are placed on a floor panel 31 inclined so as to face the inside of the vehicle and seated on a simple seat 32. This human body model 30 is a model for numerically analyzing the behavior of a passenger and the degree of deformation when an external impact is applied to the vehicle by a finite element method.

  The human body model 30 faithfully represents the entire human body with respect to the shape of the human body, the strength of the bones of the human body, and the mechanical characteristics of the human body up to the softness of the skin of the soft tissue. Specifically, the human body model 30 expresses the human body in detail with respect to bones, skin, ligaments, and tendons. Furthermore, the human body model 30 also expresses the muscles of the human body and also expresses the meat and fat in the soft tissue.

  However, in FIG. 3, for convenience of explanation, the right half of the human body model 30 is shown such that the meat and fat are removed and bones, tendons, and the like are visible, whereas the left half of the human body model 30 has skin. Shown to be visible.

  The human body model 30 is configured without using a mechanism model in which a plurality of rigid parts are connected to each other by a plurality of mechanical joint elements in order to represent the whole human body. Therefore, according to the human body model 30, the whole human body can be expressed faithfully anatomically, and as a result, the behavior of the whole human body can be accurately simulated.

  Furthermore, in this human body model 30, all parts of the whole human body are modeled by deformable elements that express deformation of each part with respect to external force. Therefore, according to the human body model 30, it is possible to accurately analyze the deformation of each part of the whole human body.

  Furthermore, in this human body model 30, all the bones in the whole human body are modeled by elasto-plastic elements representing an elasto-plastic body having a mechanical characteristic in which a plastic region follows an elastic region. If the external force on the bone increases in the plastic zone, it will eventually break. Therefore, according to this human body model 30, it becomes possible to analyze and evaluate a fracture.

  As is clear from the above description, in the human body model 30, the whole human body is faithfully expressed with respect to its anatomical shape, structure and characteristics, and as a result, the physical force of each part against the external force is expressed. Response is accurately represented.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the entire human body is modeled not only for the skeletal tissue but also for connective tissues such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, etc., but not all parts of the human body are modeled. . A plurality of units constituting the human skeletal tissue (here, one unit means, for example, an independent bone) and a plurality of units constituting the connective tissue (here, one unit is, for example, independent) Of these, one having a large contribution to the analysis accuracy of human body behavior is modeled, but one having a small contribution is not modeled.

  Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 43, the Achilles tendon and the ligament on the sole of the foot are modeled in order to accurately analyze the deformation in the ankle joint with respect to the input from the sole of the occupant. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a muscle 34 for supporting the head with respect to the upper limb is also modeled in order to accurately analyze the deformation in the head of the occupant. However, modeling of connective tissue in a region where deformation is unlikely to occur when an external impact is applied to the vehicle is omitted.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the selection of the part to be modeled is optimized in relation to the purpose of simulation, and therefore the calculation time of the simulation program is a practical level for vehicle development and design. It is modeled so that

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the muscle 34 for supporting the head of the human body is modeled. However, the muscle 34 is modeled as a one-dimensional elastic beam, that is, a bar element having elasticity. .

  Further, in the present embodiment, the human body model 30 has a variable parameter that defines at least one of the shape, position, mechanical property, and mechanical property of at least one part thereof, The variable parameter is specified by a designer who is a user prior to execution of the simulation program.

  Here, the human body model 30 will be described more specifically.

1. About the length of each element in the human body model 30

  In the present embodiment, a series of simulations is performed by repeating unit simulation of the entire human body model 30 by the simulation computer 12 at a time step Δt that is unit time.

  By the way, the time step Δt can be calculated for each element constituting the human body model 30 as follows.

  Δt = {L√ (ρ / E)}

However,

  L: length representing each element (practically, for example, the length of the minimum side of each element)

  E: Young's modulus of each element

  ρ: Mass density of each element

  The smallest one of all time steps Δt for all elements is used as the time step Δt when analyzing the entire human body model 30.

Empirically, a suitable value for the minimum value of the time step Δt is 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ seconds. In the present embodiment, 1.2 × 10 ⁻⁶ seconds is preset to the minimum value of the time step Δt so as to have a margin for the appropriate value, and the time step Δt is not shorter than the minimum value. The human body model 30 is configured by dividing the human body into a plurality of elements.

  Here, the Young's modulus E and the mass density ρ have values substantially determined according to the types of materials to be modeled, that is, the positions of the respective parts of the human body. Therefore, in order to satisfy the minimum value of the time step Δt, it is necessary to impose a limit on the size of the element into which the human body is divided. Specifically, it is as follows.

L> {√ (E / ρ)} × 1.2 × 10 ⁻⁶

For example, as shown in a table form in FIG. 4, when cortical bone is selected as a representative part of the human body, the Young's modulus E is 17 [GPa] and the mass density ρ is 2,000 [kg / m ³ ]. Assuming that there is, the minimum value of the representative length L of each element is 3.5 [mm].

On the other hand, as shown in the figure, when cancellous bone is selected as a representative part of the human body, Young's modulus E is 0.07 [GPa] and mass density ρ is 1,000 [kg / m ^3]. ], The minimum value of the representative length L of each element is 0.32 [mm].

2. About the total number of elements in the human body model 30

  In order for the human body model 30 to be practical, it is necessary that the calculation time T of the simulation computer 12 for the simulation analysis using the human body model 30 is not too long. In order to increase the calculation efficiency in this way, it is important to increase the minimum value of the time step Δt as much as possible and to reduce the number N of elements that constitute the human body model 30 as much as possible. It is. That is, it can be considered that there is a relationship that the calculation time T is proportional to the number of elements N / time step Δt among the calculation time T, the number of elements N, and the time step Δt.

  Here, if attention is paid to the relationship between the number N of elements and the calculation time T, the relationship that the calculation time T changes linearly with respect to the number N of elements is established between them. For example, if the number N of elements is doubled, the calculation time T is also doubled.

  In the present embodiment, the number N of elements of the human body model 30 is about 100,000. In this embodiment, as is clear from the above description, the human body model 30 is used together with a relatively simple vehicle model (see FIG. 3) to perform simulation analysis on the behavior of the human body and the generated load. By using this vehicle together with a vehicle model that more faithfully represents the vehicle, it is possible to implement the present invention to simulate and analyze the behavior and generated load of the human body together with the behavior and deformation of the vehicle. In the latter case, the total number of elements constituting the vehicle model is usually larger than the number N of elements of the human body model 30, for example, about 200,000 to 300,000.

  Here, when the human body model 30 and the detailed vehicle model are used in combination as described above, any one of the change in the number N of elements of the human body model 30 and the change in the time step Δt is the two models. Consider whether it greatly affects the length of the entire calculation time T.

  First, when examining the influence of the number N of elements of the human body model 30, even if the number N of elements of the human body model 30 is doubled, the total number of elements of the two models is only about 1.3 times. Therefore, the increase rate of the calculation time T is about 1.3 times. Thus, the influence of the change in the number N of elements of the human body model 30 on the calculation time T is relatively small.

  Next, when examining the influence of the time step Δt of the human body model 30, the time step of the vehicle model satisfies the minimum value, but the time step Δt of the human body model 30 is reduced to ½ of the minimum value. If it does so, the calculation time T will increase twice. As described above, the influence of the change in the time step Δt of the human body model 30 on the calculation time T is relatively large.

  As is clear from the above description, when the human body model 30 and the vehicle model are used in combination, in order to increase the calculation efficiency, the human body is composed of a plurality of elements in order to constitute the human body model 30. It is more important to pay attention to the time step Δt of the human body model 30 satisfying the minimum value than to ensure that the number N of elements of the human body model 30 is smaller.

  In the present embodiment, some measures are taken to prevent the time step Δt of the human body model 30 from becoming shorter than the minimum value when the human body is divided into a plurality of elements.

For example, since the bones of fingertips of human limbs (hereinafter referred to as “fingertip bones”) are very fine in reality, the fingertip bones are portions corresponding to the fingertip bones of the human body model 30 (hereinafter referred to as fingertip bone models). ")" Is modeled so as to be expressed sufficiently faithfully with respect to the mechanical characteristics, the time step Δt of the fingertip bone model becomes shorter than the minimum value. Specifically, when the fingertip bone is divided so that the representative length of each element of the fingertip bone model is 2 [mm], the Young's modulus E is 17 [GPa] and the mass density ρ is 2,000 [kg / m ³ ], the time step Δt is shorter than the minimum value of 1.2 × 10 ⁻⁶ seconds, such as 0.69 × 10 ⁻⁶ seconds.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the human body model 30 is configured by dividing the fingertip bone so that the time step Δt does not become shorter than the minimum value for any element of the fingertip bone model.

In addition, it is known that Wayne State University has developed a detailed head model of the human body, but the time step of the head model is 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ seconds, combined with the vehicle model. It is predicted that the practicality will be insufficient, especially when performing simulation analysis.

3. About the structure of the joint part of the human body model 30

  In the present embodiment, the human body model 30 is configured by modeling the joints of the human body so that connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons that actually exist therein are faithfully expressed at least in terms of mechanical characteristics. Has been.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the human body model 30 corresponding to one of the left and right legs of the human body (hereinafter referred to as a “knee joint portion model”). Yes. This knee joint model is configured to reproduce a plurality of bones constituting the knee joint of a human body and connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons. In the figure, the knee joint model is shown so that bones, ligaments, tendons and the like can be seen after removing the skin and fat for convenience of explanation.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the actual stress-strain state of all joint portions of the human body can be reproduced more accurately than when all actual joint portions are modeled as mechanical joint elements. As a result, the deformation state of all joints of the human body can be reproduced more accurately than the conventional model.

  The human body has at least one motion axis around which a plurality of bones coupled to each other at its joint are moved, and the position of the motion axis is changed according to the relative motion of the plurality of bones There is a variable axis joint. An example of such a motion axis variable joint is the above-described knee joint.

  In this embodiment, the motion axis variable joint is expressed such that the position of the motion axis can be changed by adopting an anatomically equivalent structure, and the motion axis variable joint is The human body model 30 is constructed by modeling so as to express the mechanical characteristics of the existing connective tissue.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the motion axis variable joint portion is faithfully modeled with respect to both mechanical characteristics and mechanical characteristics, and as a result, the deformation and motion of the motion axis variable joint portion are more accurate than the conventional model. It is possible to analyze well.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, by using the human body model 30, an analysis of the behavior of the whole human body and an analysis of the deformation state of all parts of the human body including the joints are performed.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to perform a plurality of types of analysis using the same human body model 30. Therefore, the calculation of the simulation computer 12 relating to the analysis of the behavior of the human body and the analysis of the deformation state of the human body. Time can be easily reduced.

4). About the portion corresponding to the chest and abdomen of the human body model 30

  In the conventional human body model, the deformation state of the whole internal organs of the human body is reproduced by using macro physical quantities such as maximum deflection, maximum deflection speed, and viscosity standard (that is, product of deflection and deflection speed). Evaluated. Therefore, with this conventional human body model, it is difficult to reproduce and evaluate the deformation state for each organ.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the human body model 30 is formed by modeling the thoracoabdominal part of the human body so that a plurality of organs actually present therein are faithfully expressed at least with respect to the deformation characteristics. Is configured.

  Among human organs, what is particularly important when evaluating the deformation state of the human thorax in the human body analysis when an external impact is applied to the vehicle is the spleen and liver. is there. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the human body model 30 is configured in which the human body is faithfully modeled with respect to at least the spleen and the liver. FIG. 6 shows a spleen model 35a in a front view and a plan view, and FIG. 7 shows a dynamic deformation test in which a tool is brought into contact with the spleen model 35a in order to verify the validity of the spleen model 35a. The contents are represented by a front view and a perspective view. FIG. 8 shows a liver model 35b as a front view and a plan view. FIG. 9 shows a dynamic deformation in which a tool is brought into contact with the liver model 35b in order to verify the validity of the liver model 35b. The contents of the test are shown in a perspective view.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, each organ in the human body (more precisely, each organ that is important to be evaluated individually when evaluating the deformed state of the thorax of the human body) is individually modeled. It is possible to analyze and evaluate the deformation state for each organ.

  Specifically, in the present embodiment, deformation state quantities such as loads and deflections of each organ can be predicted by simulation analysis using the human body model 30 under certain conditions, and local stresses can be separated. It can also be predicted as the amount of deformation state. Data representing the deformation state quantity can be predicted for each organ under certain conditions.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the occurrence of excessive deformation is predicted for each organ based on data predicted under a certain condition. Specifically, the predicted data and the anti-deformation value of each organ of the human body (the value that the predetermined deformation state quantity exceeds when each organ is excessively deformed) are compared with each other. When the predicted data exceeds the deformation resistance value, it is predicted that excessive deformation has occurred in the corresponding organ.

  Here, the fact that it is predicted that excessive deformation has occurred in a certain organ can be notified to the user by means of ideographic means such as letters and symbols on the monitor 22 by the simulation computer 12. It is also possible to inform the user sensuously by changing the color of the corresponding organ model.

  In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned deformation resistance value of each organ is determined in advance by using a value reported in a past document or by substituting an actual organ of a human body with an organ of a food animal. In the latter case, specifically, the anti-deformation value of each organ is determined by conducting a tensile / compression test at the section level of the substitute organ, evaluating the deformation state of the section, and the organ level of the entire substitute organ. The dynamic deformation test was performed in advance, and the joint deformation was evaluated in advance by evaluating the deformation state of the substitute organ.

5). About element types in human body model 30

  The type of each element constituting the human body model 30 is classified into a one-dimensional element, a two-dimensional element, and a three-dimensional element with respect to the shape.

  The one-dimensional element is a bar element that has a length but does not have a thickness, and generates a reaction force at the time of expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction thereof. This bar element is an element that produces both tensile and compressive forces in its longitudinal direction.

  The two-dimensional element is an element having a surface but not a thickness, and is classified into a plate element and a film element. A plate element is a two-dimensional element that produces both tensile and compressive forces in its in-plane direction. On the other hand, the membrane element is a two-dimensional element that generates a tensile force in the in-plane direction but does not generate a compressive force.

  A three-dimensional element is a solid element that generates tensile and compressive forces in all directions.

  When modeling each part of the human body by dividing it into a plurality of elements, it is important to select the type of each element to be divided in relation to the calculation time and calculation accuracy of the simulation using the human body model 30. It is a problem.

  The ligaments in the human body are classified into at least two types from the viewpoint of their structure. A ligament that does not contact with other elements of the human body, for example, other bones, other ligaments, etc., in a portion other than a connecting portion that connects a plurality of bones to each other, that is, a non-contact type that simply connects a plurality of bones to each other They are classified into ligaments and ligaments that come into contact with these bones or other elements in portions other than the connecting portion, that is, contact type ligaments having a contact region in a portion other than the connecting portion.

  On the other hand, when the first method for modeling the ligament with the bar element and the second method for modeling with the two-dimensional element are compared with each other, the first method has an advantage that the modeling can be performed efficiently. However, there is a drawback that the contact state of the contact-type ligament cannot be expressed. In reality, when the ligament is modeled with a bar element, the bar element is the other element of the human body model 30 even though the contact is actually made by contacting the ligament with other elements of the human body in plane. This is because the contact is made locally by a line, and as a result, a greater force than the actual force is applied to other elements by the local contact.

  In contrast, the second method is inferior to the first method in terms of modeling efficiency, but a two-dimensional element representing a ligament comes into contact with other elements of the human body model 30 in a plane. The contact state of the contact-type ligament can be accurately expressed.

  A ligament is one that produces a reaction force when stretched in the longitudinal direction thereof but buckles when contracted and does not produce a reaction force. Therefore, in order to accurately reproduce the ligament, it is desirable that the two-dimensional element that models the ligament is not a plate element but a membrane element.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the non-contact type ligament is modeled by a bar element, whereas the contact type ligament is modeled by a film element. This is also true when modeling human tendons.

  Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, in the ligament of the knee, the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament connect the bones to each other and are in contact with the femur and the like. . Representing this contact state is important when simulating the behavior of the human body, so that the medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament are each modeled by membrane elements rather than bar elements. Yes.

  Also, as shown in the figure, since the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament are in contact with each other, they are modeled with a membrane element, not a bar element, like the inner collateral ligament and the outer collateral ligament. Has been.

  On the other hand, for example, the radial head joint between the thoracic vertebra and the rib does not come into contact with other elements of the human body, so the ligament straddling it is modeled with a bar element, High efficiency is a priority. The ligament is different from a bar element that produces both tensile and compressive forces in the longitudinal direction in that it only produces a tensile force in its longitudinal direction, but its radial head joint is a joint that hardly moves, and its behavioral analysis High accuracy is not required. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ligament straddling the radial head joint is modeled by a bar element.

  The entire bone is configured such that its surface layer contains hard cortical bone. The cortical bone can be modeled with plate elements or solid elements. On the other hand, the thickness of this cortical bone is 4 [mm] or less. When the cortical bone is modeled as a solid element even though the cortical bone has a thickness of less than 3.5 mm, the representative length L of the solid element is equal to the cortical bone. A solid element shorter than the minimum value, that is, 3.5 [mm] is generated. A solid element that does not satisfy the minimum value of the representative length L that satisfies the minimum value of the time step Δt is generated.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cortical bone is modeled not by a solid element but by a plate element, so that the minimum value of the time step Δt is satisfied. The reason why cortical bone is modeled by a plate element rather than a membrane element is that cortical bone generates a reaction force when it is stretched and contracted in its longitudinal direction.

  In contrast, in the present embodiment, the cancellous bone inside the bone is modeled by a solid element.

6). Number of faces of solid elements in human body model 30

  Solid elements in the human body model 30 are classified according to the number of faces constituting the surface thereof. This number of surfaces also affects the calculation accuracy and calculation time of the simulation using the human body model 30 as with the element type.

  For solid elements, there are cases where the shape is a tetrahedron, a pentahedron, and a hexahedron. And when a shape is a tetrahedron, it is known that there exists a tendency for accuracy, such as stress distribution calculated by simulation, to be insufficient. In order to eliminate the lack of accuracy, it is necessary to reduce the number of elements of the human body model 30 by reducing the solid elements whose shape is a tetrahedron, but in this case, the minimum value of the time step Δt is satisfied. There is a possibility that it will not be.

  On the other hand, when the shape of the solid element is a hexahedron, the calculation accuracy by simulation can be easily ensured and the solid element does not have to be made small. Therefore, the minimum value of the time step Δt can be easily set. It is possible to satisfy this, and it is also possible to easily suppress an increase in calculation time by simulation.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the whole human body is basically modeled so that the shape of the solid element is a hexahedron. In particular, no solid elements that are tetrahedrons are used for bones. Solid elements that are pentahedrons are used.

7). About the shape of the element in the human body model 30

  When an element in the human body model 30 is a two-dimensional element or a solid element, the element has a planar or three-dimensional shape. This shape also affects the calculation accuracy and calculation time of the simulation using the human body model 30 as is the case with the number and type of elements.

  For example, for a solid element that is a hexahedron, the calculation accuracy and calculation time of the simulation using the human body model 30 are improved as the three-dimensional shape thereof is closer to a cube. For a two-dimensional element that is a quadrangle, the calculation accuracy and calculation time of a simulation using the human body model 30 are improved as the planar shape of the two-dimensional element is closer to a square.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the human body approaches a plurality of elements, the solid shape of a hexahedron approaches the cube as much as possible, and the two-dimensional element that is a quadrangle has a planar shape as square as possible. The human body model 30 is created by being divided so as to approach each other.

8). About element division method in human body model 30

  When creating the human body model 30, in general, attention is paid to an independent part physically independent from other parts in the human body, and the entire independent part is divided into a plurality of elements. However, according to this general division method, there may be an element that is not appropriate from the viewpoint of calculation accuracy by simulation or the actual value of time step Δt. Such a case is a case where the shape of the independent part is complicated and the shape changes greatly depending on the position.

  For example, the iliac bone, which is the part of the hipbone that protrudes outward in the pelvis, is twisted by about 90 degrees between the upper part and the lower part. Further, the hipbone has a complicated shape and is physically integrated, but is divided into an iliac bone, a sciatic bone, and a pubic bone in terms of anatomy. The iliac, sciatic, and pubic bones are twisted together. Therefore, if the entire hipbone is divided into a plurality of elements, it is impossible to achieve good calculation accuracy and calculation time by simulation for the hipbone.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the shape of a physically independent independent part of the human body changes greatly depending on its position, first, the independent part is divided into a plurality of small parts by several dividing surfaces. Each of the small parts is divided so that the shape does not change as much as possible according to the position. Next, each small part thus divided is divided into a plurality of elements independently of other small parts. As a result, one element group consisting of a plurality of elements constituting each small part is generated. Thereafter, a plurality of element groups for a plurality of small parts divided from the same part are joined to each other on the dividing surface.

  By the way, as a result of element division being performed independently for each small part of the same part, two nodes that should coincide with each other on the division surface may not coincide with each other. These two nodes belong to a plurality of small parts adjacent to each other with the dividing plane as a boundary.

  In the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, after the iliac bone 50 is divided into an upper small portion 54 and a lower small portion 56 by a dividing surface 52, element division is performed for each small portion 54, 56. Were done independently of each other. Since each of the small portions 54 and 56 is divided into elements in consideration of individual shape characteristics, a plurality of elements in contact with each other on the dividing plane 52 share all the nodes on the dividing plane 52. Do not mean.

  In addition, as shown in the figure, after the iliac 50 (or the lower small portion 56) and the isch bone 58 are divided from each other by the dividing surface 62, the iliac 50 (or the lower small portion 56) and the isch bone 58 are separated. The element division was performed independently of each other. Therefore, on the dividing surface 60, there are nodes that are not shared by the iliac bone 50 (or the lower small portion 56) and the sciatic bone 58.

  None of the above-described dividing surfaces 52 and 62 actually exist, and are introduced to optimize element division. As a result, there is a node that is not shared by a plurality of elements that are in contact with each other with each of the dividing surfaces 52 and 62 as a boundary even though it is not present when the above-described general dividing method is employed. Nevertheless, when the stress analysis of each part of the human body is performed by simulation using the human body model 30 created in this way, the analysis accuracy is reduced due to the discontinuity of the elements due to the introduction of the dividing plane. It will decline.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to suppress the influence due to the problem of the element discontinuity from appearing in the simulation analysis result, a plurality of nodes that are originally shared by a plurality of elements are The initial conditions for simulation analysis were set so that the relative positional relationship did not change even when force or forced displacement was applied to the element.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to optimize the element shape while suppressing a decrease in analysis accuracy due to the discontinuity of the element.

  In addition, in other words, there are other parts where the shape greatly changes depending on the position, for example, soft tissue (skin and meat) covering the lower limbs. In the present embodiment, the soft tissue is divided into a small part corresponding to the femur and a small part corresponding to the knee, and then element division is performed for each small part. The initial conditions for the simulation analysis were set so that the degradation of the analysis accuracy due to this was suppressed.

9. About the element attachment method in the human body model 30

  As a connective tissue that is a muscle, tendon or ligament of the human body, it is attached to two bones that cross over the joint and can be folded at both ends, thereby connecting the two bones to each other and There is a type of connective tissue that is attached to either of these two bones at other sites.

  An example of such a connective tissue is a complex of an Achilles tendon that extends from the ribs in the lower limbs and the triceps surae muscle that extends from the knee joints. The triceps surae muscle is attached near the proximal end of the tibia (knee side) and near the distal end of the femur (knee side) at the end opposite to the end that joins the Achilles tendon. ing.

  In modeling such a connective tissue with a single bar element, two main attachment points of the connective tissue with the two bones connected to each other by the connective tissue are considered, but the remaining It is conceivable to construct the bar element without considering the attachment points. In this case, the bar element will be configured to extend in a straight path between the two main attachment points.

  However, if the human body is scheduled to move so that the angle formed by the two bones connected to each other by the connective tissue changes significantly, the connective tissue is modeled before and after the change in angle. The path through which the bar element passes changes greatly.

  For example, if such connective tissue is a composite of the above-mentioned Achilles tendon and triceps surae muscle, and the composite is modeled by a bar element 66, the knee is stretched. In the state, the bar element 66 extends substantially straight along the femur 68 and the tibia 70 as shown in FIG. 11, whereas in the state where the knee is folded, as shown in FIG. It extends along a path away from the femur 68 and the tibia 70. As a result, the length of the bar element 66 is greatly different between the stretched state and the folded state.

  Such a difference in length is an obstacle for the bar element 66 to accurately represent the actual kinematics of the complex. Specifically, for example, since the bar element 66 has an elastic limit, the bar element 66 is set so that the bar element 66 does not exceed the elastic limit in a state where the knee is stretched. In the state where the knee is folded, slack that does not actually exist is generated in the bar element 66. On the other hand, if the bar element 66 is set so that the elastic limit is not exceeded when the knee is folded, the bar element 66 is actually The strong growth that does not exist will occur.

  Therefore, the path of the bar element 66 is along the femur 68 and the tibia 70, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, regardless of whether the knee is stretched or folded. It is desirable to extend the distance in order to accurately express the motion characteristics of the complex.

  However, simply optimizing the path of the bar element 66 is not sufficient. For example, the route may be optimized by combining the composite with an attachment point with the rib 72 (lower end attachment point LAP), an attachment point with the femur 68 (upper end attachment point UAP), and an attachment point with the tibia 70 ( This can be achieved by fixing the rib 72, the femur 68, and the tibia 70 to the intermediate attachment point MAP). However, if the composite is fixed to the rib 72, the femur 68, and the tibia 70 in this way, force transmission between the composite and the rib 72, the femur 68, and the tibia 70 is performed. The characteristics are different from the real ones. This is because the actual attachment between the composite and the tibia 70 is performed so as to suppress the relative displacement in the direction away from the tibia 70 while allowing the relative displacement in the longitudinal direction.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the bar element 66 is fixed to the rib 72 and the femur 68 at the lower end attachment point LAP and the upper end attachment point UAP, but from the tibia 70 at the intermediate attachment point MAP. While the relative displacement in the direction along the tibia 70 is allowed under appropriate displacement resistance.

  15 and 16, the attachment coupling of the bar element 66 with the tibia 70 at the intermediate attachment point MAP is illustrated figuratively using a pulley and rope combination for ease of understanding. Yes. The bar element 66 is represented as a rope, and the attachment between the bar element 66 and the tibia 70 is represented figuratively as a pulley having rotational resistance.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the path of the bar element 66 is defined to extend along the femur 68 and the tibia 70 even when the knee is bent, and at the same time, Force transmission to and from the tibia 70 is achieved so that the bar element 66 does not transmit force to the tibia 70 in the direction in which the tibia 70 extends. As a result, the path of the bar element 66 and the transmission of force accurately reproduce the actual human body.

  17, 18, and 19, the lower limb of the human body model 30 is shown by a side view, a rear view, and an enlarged partial perspective view, with the skin and muscles omitted.

  The control computer system 16 (hereinafter referred to as “control computer” for convenience of description) is connected to a simulation computer 12 and a design support computer 14 as shown in FIG. This control computer 16 is also used by the designer. Specifically, the designer uses the design support computer 14 to influence the degree of deformation that occurs in each part of the occupant when the structure is subjected to an external impact on the vehicle. Used when designing. This allows the designer to design a vehicle that is highly safe against external impacts, taking into account the occupant's behavior and the degree of deformation that is expected when the vehicle is subjected to external impacts under certain conditions. To be supported.

  The control computer 16 stores human body tolerance information in a recording medium 38 that the storage device 36 reads. The human body tolerance information is information for determining whether or not there is a possibility that the excessive deformation occurs in each part (hereinafter, simply referred to as “deformation possibility”) for each part of the human body. Specifically, the recording medium 38 stores, as a threshold, the magnitude of deformation state quantities such as load and deflection that each part receives when excessive deformation occurs in each part in association with each part. The recording medium 38 stores the human body tolerance information in the form of a charted tolerance table or a database.

  As described above, in this embodiment, whether or not there is a possibility of deformation in each part of the human body is also determined by the simulation computer 12. However, the judgment made by the control computer 16 is an absolute judgment based on the comparison between the analysis result of the deformation state quantity of each part and the threshold value, and the judgment by the simulation computer 12 which is a relative judgment. Different. In the present embodiment, an absolute determination is subsequently performed only for a portion that is determined to be deformable by relative determination, and it is determined that there is a possibility of deformation in both of these two types of determination. Only the part is finally regarded as a deformation generating part. In this sense, the information regarding the deformation occurrence part output from the simulation computer 12 is provisional.

  FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a series of procedures executed in the analysis / application system 10.

  First, in step S <b> 1, the designer performs initial design for the vehicle by using the design support computer 14.

  Next, in step S <b> 2, the designer transmits a command for executing a simulation program for evaluation of the initial design to the simulation computer 12 via the control computer 16. At this time, in order for the execution result by the simulation program to reflect the contents of the initial design, the designer needs information necessary for specifying the human body model 30 desired to be used and the initial design. The design information representing the design object that is a product of the vehicle is input to the control computer 16, and analysis conditions, that is, calculation conditions, which are occupant environments when the vehicle is analyzed, are set. The analysis conditions are, for example, the mechanical characteristics of the obstacle assumed to apply an external force to the vehicle, and the speed of the vehicle and the occupant when the vehicle contacts the obstacle. That is, in the present embodiment, the analysis condition is an example of “preset simulation analysis condition”.

  Subsequently, in step S3, the simulation computer 12 receives calculation conditions set by the designer, and then performs numerical calculation under the calculation conditions. The simulation computer 12 calculates the deformation state quantity and the behavior that are expected to occur in each part of the occupant by the finite element method using the whole body model 30 described above. Further, the simulation computer 12 tentatively determines the deformation occurrence site based on the calculation result.

  Thereafter, in step S4, the control computer 16 receives the calculation result from the simulation computer 12. Subsequently, the control computer 16 compares the received calculation result with the human body resistance information stored as the above-described resistance table or database, and the possibility that the deformation has occurred at the tentatively determined deformation occurrence site is true. Determine if there is.

  If there is no possibility of the occurrence of deformation at the tentatively determined deformation occurrence site, the determination in step S4 is YES, and one execution of this series of procedures is completed. On the other hand, if there is a possibility that the deformation has been tentatively determined, the determination in step S4 is NO, and the process proceeds to step S5.

  In step S5, the control computer 16 sets design parameters for reducing the occurrence of excessive deformation according to the relationship recorded in the recording medium 38 for the deformation occurrence portions that are determined to have a possibility of occurrence of deformation. Provide the designer with guidelines for making changes. The relationship recorded in the recording medium 38 is the relationship between each part of the human body, the type of design parameter to be changed, and the direction in which the design parameter is changed. Also, at least one design parameter is prepared for each of a plurality of components of the vehicle whose structure affects the degree of deformation that occurs in each part of the occupant when the vehicle receives an external impact. ing.

  Thereafter, in step S6, the designer performs the design again in consideration of the guidelines presented from the control computer 16. Evaluation of the contents of this new design is executed in steps S2 to S4.

  While the execution of steps S2 to S6 is repeated, if it is determined in step S4 that the deformation expected to occur in any part of the occupant satisfies the standard, the series of designs is completed.

  Next, the human body behavior analysis method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 21 shows a human body behavior analysis / application system (hereinafter simply referred to as “analysis / application system”) 100 in which the human body behavior analysis method is executed. The analysis / application system 100 is configured by connecting an input device 104 and an output device 106 to a computer 102.

  As is well known, the computer 102 is configured by connecting a processing unit (represented by “PU” in the figure) 110 and a storage 112 to each other via a bus 114. The storage 112 is configured to include a recording medium such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, and an optical disk. The storage 112 includes data for defining the human body model 30 which is a finite element model, and an FEM analysis program for analyzing the behavior and stress of each part of the whole human body using the human body model 30. Is stored in advance.

  The input device 104 includes a mouse and a keyboard as a pointing device. The output device 106 displays an image on the screen. The user inputs necessary data to the computer 102 via the input device 104. In response to the input, the data processing result by the computer 102 is visualized and presented to the user via the output device 106.

  An example of an environment in which a human is accelerated or decelerated is an environment in which a human is in an automobile that is accelerated or decelerated. Another example is an environment in which a person is intentionally accelerated or decelerated in order to make the person feel a thrill with a game device installed in an amusement facility such as an amusement park. An example of such an amusement device is a roller coaster, which is a car installed on an amusement park that can be slid along a rail that winds up, down, left and right.

  In this type of game device, the greater the acceleration / deceleration applied to a human, the greater the thrill that the human can feel, while the influence of the acceleration / deceleration physically on each part of the human also increases. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the physical influence of acceleration / deceleration by the game device on each part of the human body. In particular, when the game machine is a roller coaster, the human head can be accelerated or decelerated back and forth or left and right during the game. is important.

  Against this background, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, a game machine development / evaluation program is also stored in advance in the storage 112. This game device development / evaluation program uses the human body model 30 and the FEM analysis program to support the development of a game device so as not to have a physical adverse effect on humans during the game. This is a program for assisting in analyzing and evaluating a physical adverse effect expected to be given to a human being during a game by a game device developed by himself or others.

  FIG. 22 shows an example of the case where the object of analysis / evaluation is a roller coaster. The relationship between the human body model 30 and the roller coaster is as follows: the human body model 30 is seated on the roller coaster seat and the human body model 30 is It is shown in a state where it is supported by the floor front part of the roller coaster at both feet. In the figure, the arrow indicates the acceleration generated in the roller coaster. FIG. 23 shows the deformation behavior that occurs in the neck of the human body model 30 when the roller coaster is accelerated. FIG. 24 shows an enlarged view of the neck where the deformation occurs. In the figure, the deformed cervical disc is shown hatched, and the stress distribution of the cervical disc can be seen from the deformed state.

  FIG. 25 conceptually shows a flowchart of the contents of the game machine development / evaluation program.

  In this game machine development / evaluation program, first, in step S201, a game machine model describing the game machine to be analyzed and evaluated this time is input to the computer 102. The game apparatus model includes, for example, a seat model that describes a seat for a person to sit on, and a floor model that describes a floor on which a person puts both feet.

  Next, in step S <b> 202, acceleration / deceleration conditions such as a force generated on a person at the time of acceleration / deceleration of the game apparatus, acceleration / deceleration, and the like are input to the computer 102.

  Subsequently, in step S203, the human body model 30 is combined with the input game device model. Thereby, the human body model 30 is seated in a standard posture on the game machine model.

  After that, in step S204, the FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30 under the input acceleration / deceleration conditions, thereby simulating the deformation behavior that occurs in each human part during acceleration / deceleration of the game apparatus. Is analyzed.

  Subsequently, in step S205, based on the simulation analysis result, the performance of the current game device, that is, the influence on the human being during the game is evaluated. For example, it is determined whether or not stress exceeding the allowable value is generated in any of a plurality of intervertebral discs of a human neck during acceleration / deceleration by the game device, and if it does not occur, the performance of the current game device is used as a standard. It is determined that the number has exceeded.

  If it is determined that the performance of the current game device does not meet the standards, then the developer of the current game device will modify the limit value of acceleration / deceleration by the current game device, or this game device The design is changed to optimize the structure of

  This completes one execution of the game machine development / evaluation program.

  Next, a human body behavior analysis method according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 26 shows a human body behavior analysis / application system (hereinafter simply referred to as “analysis / application system”) 150 in which this human body behavior analysis method is executed. Similar to the analysis / application system 100 in the second embodiment, the analysis / application system 150 is configured by connecting an input device 154 and an output device 156 to a computer 152. Similar to the computer 102 in the second embodiment, the computer 152 is configured by connecting the PU 160 and the storage 162 to each other via a bus 164.

  As in the second embodiment, data for defining the human body model 30 and an FEM analysis program for analyzing the behavior of the human body using the human body model 30 are stored in the storage 162 in advance.

  The storage 162 further includes a mechanism model (that is, a joint model) in which a plurality of simple elements are connected to each other by a plurality of simple joints as a model that approximately represents the human body in a manner different from the human body model 30. ) Is also stored in advance. An example of the mechanism model is shown in FIG. The storage 162 further stores in advance a mechanism analysis program for analyzing the behavior of the whole human body using this mechanism model.

  Here, the FEM analysis method based on the human body model 30 and the FEM analysis program is compared with the mechanism analysis method based on the mechanism model and the mechanism analysis program. The FEM analysis method is advantageous in that it can faithfully reproduce the behavior of the whole human body and the physical response of each part of the human body when external force or forced displacement is applied to the human body. The computer 152 requires a long time for calculation. On the other hand, the mechanism analysis method has an advantage that the behavior of the whole human body can be analyzed in a short time by the computer 152 because the amount of data of the mechanism model is small. However, the physical analysis indicated by each part of the human body described above It is impossible to faithfully reproduce the response. As described above, the FEM analysis method and the mechanism analysis method have a relationship in which one advantage is the other defect, that is, a relationship that can complement each other.

  Each part of the human just before the person collides with the object in order to correctly analyze the response and load that occurs in each part of the person due to the impact from the outside as a result of the person colliding with the object. It may be important to correctly analyze the behavior at.

  Although the human body model 30 can accurately analyze the behavior of the whole human body by simulation regardless of before and after the collision between the human and the object, as described above, the human body model 30 is long due to a heavy load on the computer 152. Requires computation time.

On the other hand, although the mechanism model cannot faithfully reproduce the physical response shown by each part of the human body, in order to make the phenomenon before the human collides with the object a problem, Under the condition that the physical response indicated by each part is not important, it is possible to analyze the behavior of the whole human body by simulation in a short time.

  On the other hand, as an example of an environment in which a person collides with an object and an external impact is applied to the person and a response or load is generated in each part of the person, there is an environment in which the person accidentally collides with the object during exercise. Specifically, for example, there is an environment in which a person playing soccer as a sport accidentally collides with a goal post as an object. In this environment, for example, when the head collides with the goal post, the degree of injury received by the head is analyzed by simulation, or the goal is reduced in order to reduce the degree of injury. When a cushioning material is attached to the post, it is necessary to evaluate the cushioning capacity of the cushioning material, or to improve the material and structure of the cushioning material so that the cushioning capacity is improved.

  Against this background, in this embodiment, a collision injury analysis program is also stored in advance in the storage 162 as shown in FIG. This collision injury analysis program is a hybrid method that combines the FEM analysis method based on the human body model 30 and the FEM analysis program and the mechanism analysis method based on the mechanism model and the mechanism analysis program. This is a program for analyzing the response and load that occurs in each part of the human body when a shock is applied.

  FIG. 27 shows an example in which the analysis target is a goal post installed on a soccer field, and the posture of the person before the person collides with the goal post is shown using a mechanism model. In FIG. 28, the degree of injury that is expected to occur on the human head due to the person colliding with the goal post is shown using the human body model 30. The degree of head injury can be expressed, for example, by whether or not a fracture has occurred in the head.

  FIG. 29 conceptually shows the contents of the collision injury analysis program in a flowchart.

  In this collision injury analysis program, first, in step S301, an object model describing an object assumed to collide with a human is input to the computer 152.

  Next, in step S <b> 302, physical conditions for causing a human to collide with an object are input to the computer 152. The physical condition includes, for example, a moving speed caused to the human before the human collides with the object.

  Subsequently, in step S303, the mechanism analysis program is executed on the mechanism model under the input physical condition, so that the human posture before the human collides with the object, that is, the posture before the collision. And the physical quantity describing the human movement are analyzed by simulation. The physical quantity includes, for example, the speed and acceleration of each human part.

  Thereafter, in step S304, the FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30 based on the analyzed pre-collision posture and physical quantity, so that the human posture and motion at the moment when the human collides with the object. The state is analyzed and it is determined as a collision condition.

  Subsequently, in step S305, an FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30 under the determined collision condition, so that the injury that occurs in each part of the human when the human collides with the object is detected. The degree is analyzed by simulation. FIG. 28 shows a situation in which a human head collides with an object and the head is broken. Whether or not the head breaks is determined by, for example, whether or not the stress generated in the head when the head collides with an object exceeds a limit.

  This completes one execution of the collision injury analysis program.

  The simulation analysis results obtained by executing this collision injury analysis program evaluate the performance of the cushioning material attached to the object that is expected to collide with humans, optimize the mounting position of the cushioning material, This is useful in optimizing the structure of the material.

  Next, a human body behavior analysis method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  Since the human body behavior analysis / application system in which this human body behavior analysis method is executed has the same basic configuration as the analysis / application system 150 in the third embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, an example of an environment in which a person collides with an object and an external impact is applied to the person, causing a response or load on each part of the person. In the third embodiment, when a person accidentally collides with an object during movement, a response generated in each part of the person is analyzed by simulation.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, attention is paid to an environment in which a human suddenly falls and collides with the ground or the floor as another environment. The reason why humans suddenly fall is not well understood, but there are many reports of fractures of the lower back (including the thigh) due to sudden falls, especially in the elderly Has been. In order to prevent the fracture, it is conceivable to wear protective equipment on humans, but in order to optimize the site where the protective equipment is to be worn and the structure of the protective equipment, humans fall for some reason and ground It is important to analyze the site where the person is injured and the degree of the injuries when they collide with each other.

  Based on such knowledge, in this embodiment, a fall analysis program is also stored in advance in the computer storage in the analysis / application system. This fall analysis program is a program for analyzing by simulation the response and load that occurs in each part of a person when the person falls and hits the ground etc. due to the hybrid method, and the person is impacted from the outside. It is.

  FIG. 30 conceptually shows the contents of the fall analysis program in a flowchart.

  In this fall analysis program, first, in step S401, a floor model that describes a floor that is assumed to fall by a human is input to the computer.

  Next, in step S402, physical conditions for causing the person to fall are input to the computer. The physical condition includes, for example, a part of a plurality of human parts where it is appropriate to forcibly restrain the movement in order to cause the person to fall.

  Subsequently, in step S403, the mechanism analysis program is executed on the mechanism model under the input physical conditions, so that the human posture before the human falls and collides with the floor, that is, The posture before the collision and the physical quantity describing the human motion are analyzed by simulation. The physical quantity includes, for example, the speed and acceleration of each human part. FIG. 31 shows a posture in which a human falls by using a mechanism model.

  Thereafter, in step S404, based on the analyzed pre-collision posture and physical quantity, and by executing the FEM analysis program on the human body model 30, the human posture at the moment when the human collides with the floor. And the motion state is analyzed, and it is determined as a fall condition.

  Subsequently, in step S405, the FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30 under the determined fall condition, so that the degree of injury that occurs in each part of the human when the person falls. Analyzed by simulation. FIG. 32 shows a situation in which a human body model 30 is used to cause a fracture, such as a fracture, in a human femur due to the person falling. Whether or not a fracture occurs is determined, for example, based on whether or not the stress generated in each part of a human being hit the floor exceeds a limit.

  Thus, one execution of the fall analysis program is completed.

  The simulation analysis result obtained by executing this fall analysis program evaluates the performance of the protective equipment when a human being wears the protective equipment, optimizes the wearing position of the protective equipment, and determines the structure of the protective equipment. Useful when optimizing.

  Next, a human body behavior analysis method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  Since the human body behavior analysis / application system in which this human body behavior analysis method is executed has the same basic configuration as the analysis / application system 150 in the third embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, an example of an environment in which a person collides with an object and an external impact is applied to the person, causing a response or load on each part of the person. In the third embodiment, when a person accidentally collides with an object during movement, a response generated in each part of the person is analyzed by simulation.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as another environment, when the human foot lands while the human is walking or running, the foot collides with the ground or the floor. It is attracting attention. When a foot is landed, an impact is applied to the foot. When a shoe is worn, the impact of the foot is reduced by the impact absorbing ability of the shoe. In order to effectively mitigate foot impact, it is important to mount a shock absorber on a shoe structure, for example, a shoe sole, and to optimize the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorber. For the optimization, it is important to analyze the stresses generated on the feet and shoes that land during walking or running.

  Based on such knowledge, in this embodiment, a landing stress analysis program is also stored in advance in the computer storage in the analysis / application system. This landing stress analysis program is based on the hybrid method described above. As a result of a person landing with his / her feet and shoes during walking or running and the feet and shoes colliding with the ground, etc., these feet and shoes are subjected to external impacts. It is a program for analyzing the distribution of stress generated in the foot and shoes by simulation.

  FIG. 33 conceptually shows the contents of the landing stress analysis program in a flowchart.

  In this landing stress analysis program, first, in step S501, a floor model describing a floor on which a human foot is supposed to land is input to a computer.

  Next, in step S502, physical conditions for walking or running a human are input to the computer. The physical condition includes, for example, the motion speed at the center of gravity of the human.

  Subsequently, in step S503, a mechanism analysis program is executed on the mechanism model under the input physical conditions, thereby simulating the behavior of the whole human body when the human walks or runs. Is analyzed.

  Thereafter, in step S504, based on the analyzed behavior and the FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30, the posture and motion state at the moment when the person lands with his feet and shoes are analyzed. , It is determined as a landing condition. The landing condition includes, for example, the posture of the foot at the moment when the foot of the human body model 30 lands on the floor model, and the speed or acceleration.

  Subsequently, in step S505, the FEM analysis program is executed on the human body model 30 under the determined landing condition, so that the stress generated on the feet and shoes when the human landed with the feet and shoes. The distribution is analyzed by simulation.

  Thus, one execution of the landing stress analysis program is completed.

  FIG. 34 shows the human body model 30 taken out with respect to the lower limbs including the feet and the shoes worn on the feet before the human body model 30 is landed with the feet and shoes.

  FIG. 35 shows an analysis result of a stress distribution generated in the lower limb bone of the human body model 30 when the human body model 30 is running. In the figure, the direction of acceleration applied to the lower limb is indicated by an arrow. In the same figure, it is shown that the greater the density of the drawn dots, the greater the stress.

  FIG. 36 shows an analysis result of a stress distribution generated on the bottom of the shoe put on the foot of the human body model 30 when the human body model 30 is running. In the same figure, as in FIG. 35, it is shown that the higher the density of the drawn dots, the greater the stress.

 The simulation analysis results obtained by executing this landing stress analysis program are useful for optimizing the placement of the shock absorber when mounting the shock absorber on the shoe sole, or optimizing the structure of the shock absorber. It is.

  As described above, in any of the several embodiments described above, the human body model 30 represents the entire human body in detail with respect to its bones, skin, ligaments and tendons. Here, the reproduction of the bone in the human body model 30 will be described in more detail.

  The joint part of the human body model 30 accurately represents the joint motion in an actual human anatomically by reproducing the main ligament and the contact between the bones. Therefore, even if the joint is bent by executing the FEM analysis program on the computer in order to change the posture of the human body model 30, the relative positional relationship between the plurality of bones in the joint is anatomically correct. Maintained on things.

  FIG. 37 shows a state in which the lower limb portion of the human body model 30 is changed from a bent state in which the knee joint portion thereof is bent to an extended state in which the lower limb portion is extended. This figure shows that the relative positional relationship of the plurality of bones in the knee joint is anatomically correct both in the bent state and in the extended state.

  Further, the human body model 30 is changed to another posture when a force or a forced displacement is applied to the human body model 30 from the outside in a certain posture on the computer. For example, as shown in FIG. 38, when a specific condition is given to the human body model 30, the human body model 30 is slightly bent from a state in which the elbow of the human body model 30 is considerably bent while keeping a sitting posture. Changed to state. In this example, the degree to which the posture of the human body model 30 is changed between these two states is small. Therefore, when this human body model 30 is used, in order to realize the posture change, subdividing a plurality of elements into which the human body model 30 is divided, that is, performing mesh recutting can be omitted. . This is because, as described above, the joint portion of the human body model 30 accurately represents the joint motion in the actual human being anatomically.

  FIG. 39 shows an example in which the posture of the human body model 30 is greatly changed. In this example, the human body model 30 is changed from a sitting posture to a standing posture. For example, the knee joint portion of the human body model 30 is changed from a bent state to an extended state. In this example, as described above, the joint portion of the human body model 30 accurately represents the joint motion in the actual human anatomically, so that the knee of the human body model 30 can be changed in order to change its posture. Recutting the mesh for the bone of the joint can be omitted as in the case where the degree of posture change is small. On the other hand, for soft tissues (for example, skin, fat, meat, etc.) at the knee joint, it may be necessary to recut the mesh. However, even in this case, it can be avoided because the mesh is recut for the entire knee joint.

  As is clear from the above description, the joint part of the human body model 30 accurately represents the joint motion in the real human anatomically, and therefore, if this human body model 30 is used, the posture change of the real human is performed. Can be accurately reproduced without much effort.

  Furthermore, according to the human body model 30, the relationship between the actual human posture and the relative positions of the bones constituting the human can be accurately reproduced. Therefore, according to the human body model 30, it is possible to accurately predict the relative position of the bone realized in the real person when taking the posture from the position that the real person should take. The result of this prediction is a model that represents the human body and can be used in other than the human body model 30.

  Next, a human body behavior analysis method according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 40 shows a human body behavior analysis / application system (hereinafter simply referred to as “analysis / application system”) 200 in which this human body behavior analysis method is executed. Similar to the analysis / application system 100 in the second embodiment, the analysis / application system 200 is configured by connecting an input device 204 and an output device 206 to a computer 202. The computer 202 is configured by connecting a PU 210 and a storage 212 to each other via a bus 214, similarly to the computer 102 in the second embodiment.

  In the storage 212, as in the second embodiment, an FEM analysis program for analyzing the behavior of the human body using the human body model 30 is stored in advance. However, unlike the second embodiment, the human body model 30 is not stored in advance and is created by the user.

  The storage 212 further stores in advance part data defining each part of the whole human body as data for assisting the user in creating the human body model 30.

  By the way, when the user creates the human body model 30, in general, first, when the user inputs data for each part of the whole human body and the data input is completed for all parts of the human body, the data relating to all parts , Thereby completing the human body model 30.

  At this time, the user can create the human body model 30 by executing, by a computer, a model creation support program that is generally used for modeling a mechanical device.

  Here, a procedure in the case of creating the human body model 30 using the generally used model creation support program will be described.

  In this case, the user first considers the characteristics of each part of the human body, and selects an optimal part model type on the model creation support program for realizing it. Specifically, this selection may be performed by, for example, whether the part model is a one-dimensional element model, a two-dimensional element model, a three-dimensional element model, or a two-dimensional element model. In some cases, the method includes a step of determining whether the two-dimensional element is a plate element or a membrane element.

  After selecting the type of the part model for the current part of the human body, the user sets the parameters of the part model of the selected type. Specifically, for example, the user sets parameters for defining mechanical characteristics to be expressed by a part model.

  After setting the parameters of the part model, the user can reproduce the shape and size of the current part of the human body by editing the data for defining the part model and stored in advance in the computer To do.

  The user selects the type of the part model for the current part of the human body, and then processes the part model of the selected type, which is stored in advance in the computer, so that the shape of the current part of the human body And reproduce the size.

  Subsequently, the user verifies the part model thus defined. Specifically, the user first acquires the analysis result regarding the current part of the human body by executing the FEM analysis program on the part model to be verified. Further, the user verifies the part model of this time by comparing the analysis result with the experimental result of the part of the human body. Experimental results are obtained, for example, using corpses or substitutes.

  As a result of this verification, if the analysis result of this part model does not accurately match the experimental result, the user again selects the type, sets the parameters, and specifies the shape and size for the same part model. Do. This series of operations is repeated until the analysis result of the current part model matches the experimental result with high accuracy.

  When the creation and verification of the part model is completed for all parts of the human body, the user creates the human body model 30 by combining all the part models for all parts. Thereafter, the user executes the FEM analysis program on the created human body model 30 to examine whether or not the analysis result relating to the behavior of the whole human body matches the actual behavior with high accuracy. Modify the site model accordingly.

  In this way, when using the above-described generally used model creation support program, the user selects the type when the analysis result of this part model does not accurately match the experimental result, The setting of parameters and identification of shape and size must be repeated.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, several part models expressing the characteristics of each part of the human body are prepared in advance, and the user only selects an appropriate one from the several part models. Thus, the selection of the part model type and the setting of parameters of the part model are automatically performed.

  Specifically, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 40, in the storage 212, as a part model expressing the characteristics of each part of the whole human body, a standard part model that is a standard model, An alternative part model, which is at least one model to be replaced, is stored in advance in association with each part of the human body. The stored contents are conceptually represented as a table in FIG.

  Furthermore, in the storage 214, as shown in FIG. 40, a human body model creation support program is provided as a program that supports the user selecting a standard part model or an alternative part model and editing the selected part model by the user. Is stored in advance.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the user can accurately perform the selection of the part model type and the parameter setting without requiring advanced knowledge.

  FIG. 42 conceptually shows a flowchart of the contents of the human body model creation support program.

  In this human body model creation support program, first, in step S601, display data for displaying the top page on the screen of the output device 206 is read from the storage 212, and based on the read display data, the display data is displayed. The top page is displayed on the screen. This top page includes a message for instructing the user to select a part for which the user is to create a part model this time among a plurality of parts of the human body.

  Next, in step S602, one of a plurality of parts of the human body is selected as the current part in accordance with an instruction from the user via the input device 204.

  In step S603, the standard part model corresponding to the selected part is read from the storage 212 and displayed on the screen of the output device 206.

  Thereafter, in step S604, at least one alternative part model corresponding to the selected part is read from the storage 212 and displayed on the screen of the output device 206.

  Subsequently, in step S605, according to a command from the user, either the standard part model displayed on the screen or at least one alternative part model is selected as the current part model.

  Thereafter, in step S606, the selected part model is displayed on the screen of the output device 206.

  Subsequently, in step S607, data for editing and defining the displayed part model is input by the user. The input data includes, for example, data specifying the shape and size of the part model.

  Thereafter, in step S608, the user is asked whether or not the next part model needs to be created. If the user inputs the necessity to the computer 202, the determination in step S608 is YES, and the process returns to step S602. On the other hand, if the user inputs to the computer 202 that it is not necessary to create the next part model, the determination in step S608 becomes NO, and the human body model creation support program is executed once. finish.

  As mentioned above, although several embodiment of this invention was described in detail based on drawing, these are illustrations and are based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art including the aspect described in the column of the above-mentioned [disclosure of the invention]. Thus, the present invention can be implemented with various modifications and improvements.

1 is a system diagram showing a human body behavior analysis / application system in which a human body behavior analysis method according to a first embodiment of the present invention is executed. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the computer system for simulation in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the human body model 30 which the computer for simulation in FIG. 1 uses with a vehicle seat and a floor panel. It is a figure which shows the minimum value of the representative length of each element of the human body model 30 of FIG. 3 with a table | surface form about the case where the typical site | part of a human body is a cortical bone, and the case where it is a cancellous bone. It is a perspective view which shows the knee joint part of the human body model 30 of FIG. It is the front view and top view which show the spleen model which is a part of human body model 30 of FIG. It is the front view and perspective view for demonstrating the content of the dynamic deformation test performed for the verification with respect to the spleen model of FIG. It is the front view and top view which show the liver model which is a part of human body model 30 of FIG. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the content of the dynamic deformation test performed for the verification with respect to the liver model of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the hip bone model which is a part of human body model 30 of FIG. It is a side view which shows the lower limb part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state in which the knee joint part is extended. It is a side view which shows the lower-limb part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state in which the knee joint part is bent. It is another side view which shows the leg part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state by which the knee joint part was extended. It is another side view which shows the leg part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state in which the knee joint part is bent. It is another side view which shows the lower-limb part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state by which the knee joint part was extended. It is another side view which shows the leg part of the human body model 30 in FIG. 3 in the state in which the knee joint part is bent. It is a side view which shows the lower part of the lower limb part of the human body model 30 in FIG. It is a rear view which shows the lower part of the lower limb part of the human body model 30 in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the knee joint part of the human body model 30 in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows a series of procedures in the human body behavior analysis and application system of FIG. It is a systematic diagram which shows the human body behavior analysis and application system with which the human body behavior analysis method which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention is performed. It is a side view which shows the human body model 30 used in the game device development and evaluation program in FIG. It is a side view which shows the neck part of the human body model 30 in order to demonstrate the execution result of the game device development and evaluation program in FIG. It is a side view which shows the disc of the neck of the human body model 30 in order to demonstrate the execution result of the game device development and evaluation program in FIG. It is a flowchart which represents the content of the game device development and evaluation program in FIG. 21 notionally. It is a systematic diagram which shows the human body behavior analysis and application system with which the human body behavior analysis method which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention is performed. It is a front view which shows the mechanism model used in the mechanism analysis program in FIG. 26 with an object model. It is a front view which shows the upper limb part of the human body model 30 in order to demonstrate the execution result of the collision injury analysis program in FIG. 27 is a flowchart conceptually showing contents of a collision injury analysis program in FIG. It is a flowchart which represents notionally the content of the fall analysis program performed by the computer of the human body behavior analysis and application system in which the human body behavior analysis method which is 4th Embodiment of this invention is performed. It is a front view which shows a mechanism model in order to demonstrate the execution result of the mechanism analysis program performed with the computer. It is a front view which shows the waist | hip | lumbar part of the human body model 30 in order to demonstrate the execution result of the fall analysis program of FIG. 10 is a flowchart conceptually showing the contents of a landing stress analysis program executed by a computer of a human body behavior analysis / application system in which a human body behavior analysis method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is executed. It is a perspective view which shows the lower limb part of the human body model 30 used in the landing stress analysis program of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the leg bone of the human body model 30 with shoes in order to demonstrate the execution result of the landing stress analysis program of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the shoe sole of the human body model 30 in order to demonstrate the execution result of the landing stress analysis program of FIG. 4 is a side view for explaining a posture change of a lower limb part of a human body model 30. FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the posture change of the upper limb part of the human body model 30 in a sitting posture. 4 is a side view for explaining a posture change of a human body model 30 from a sitting posture to a standing posture. FIG. It is a systematic diagram which shows the human body behavior analysis and application system with which the human body behavior analysis method which is 6th Embodiment of this invention is performed. It is a figure which shows notionally a mode that the standard part model and the alternative part model are stored in association with each part of the human body in the storage in FIG. 41 is a flowchart conceptually showing the contents of a human body model creation support program in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the ankle joint part of the human body model 30 in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10, 100, 150, 200 Human body behavior analysis / application system 12 Simulation computer system 14 Design support computer system 16 Control computer system 18 Computer 26 Recording medium 30 Human body model 34 Muscle 35a Spleen model 35b Liver model 50 Ilium 52, 60 62 split surface 58 ischia 66 bar element 68 femur 70 tibia 72 fibula

Claims (28)

  A whole body of the human body including a plurality of bones, and a connective tissue that connects a plurality of parts of the human body to each other, and includes at least one ligament, at least one tendon, and at least one muscle. Based on a human body model modeled on a computer, the behavior of substantially all parts of the human body is simulated by a computer based on a preset simulation analysis condition. Human body behavior analysis method to analyze.   2. The human body model according to claim 1, wherein the human body model is configured without using a mechanism model in which a plurality of rigid body parts are connected to each other by a plurality of mechanical joint elements in order to represent the whole human body. Human body behavior analysis method.   3. The human body behavior analysis according to claim 1, wherein substantially all the parts of the human body model are configured by deformable elements that express deformation of each part of the human body expressed by each part of the human body model. Method.   What expresses some of the plurality of bones among the plurality of parts of the human body model is constituted by an elastic-plastic element expressing an elastic-plastic body having a mechanical property in which a plastic region follows an elastic region. Item 4. A human body behavior analysis method according to any one of Items 1 to 3.   5. The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the human body model is used to analyze not only the behavior of each part of the whole human body but also the stress of each part.   Among the plurality of units constituting the connective tissue, those having a large contribution to the accuracy of the analysis are modeled, but those having a small contribution are not modeled, whereby the human body model is constructed. The human body behavior analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   A series of simulations are performed by repeating unit simulation of the whole human body model by the computer at time steps that are unit time, and the length of the time step is preset with the human body as a plurality of elements. The human body behavior according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the human body model is configured by dividing so as to satisfy a condition relating to a minimum length of each element set in advance so as not to be shorter than a minimum value. analysis method. The human body has at least one motion axis around which some of the plurality of bones coupled to each other at joints of the human body are moved around, and the position of the motion axis is the Including a variable axis joint that can be changed according to the relative motion of the bone,
The motion axis variable joint portion is expressed by adopting an anatomically equivalent structure in the human body model so that the position of the motion axis can be changed, and the coupling existing in the motion axis variable joint portion By modeling so as to express the mechanical characteristics of the tissue, the human body model is configured,
8. The analysis according to claim 1, wherein the human body model is used to analyze the behavior of the whole human body and to analyze the deformation of substantially all parts of the human body including the motion axis variable joint. Human body behavior analysis method.   9. The human body model according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the human body model is configured by modeling the chest and abdomen of the human body so as to individually express deformations of external forces of a plurality of organs existing therein. Human body behavior analysis method. In an environment where the impact response stress, which is the stress generated in each part of the human body in response to the impact applied to the human body, depends on the posture of the human body at the time of the impact application,
By using the human body model, a posture analysis step of analyzing the posture of the whole human body at the time of applying the impact,
The human body behavior analysis method according to claim 1, further comprising: a stress analysis step of analyzing the impact response stress by using the analyzed posture and the human body model. The posture analysis step includes
(A) By dividing the whole human body into a plurality of rigid elements each having a shape and a mass, and connecting the plurality of rigid elements by a joint element so that they can move relative to each other around a fixed movement axis. Based on a mechanism model modeled on a computer, a first analysis step of analyzing the posture of the whole human body before the impact is applied;
And (b) a second analysis step of giving the analyzed posture to the human body model, and thereafter analyzing the posture of the whole human body when the shock is applied based on the human body model. Human body behavior analysis method.   A program executed by a computer to execute the human body behavior analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.   A recording medium on which the program according to claim 12 is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.   Based on a human body model that is modeled on a computer with respect to a human body that is at least a skeletal tissue and includes a plurality of bones, the behavior of at least one part of the human body under preset simulation analysis conditions A human body behavior analysis / application system in which an application specified by a user is executed by the computer or another computer based on a result of the simulation.   The whole human body is modeled with respect to the skeletal tissue and connective tissue that connects multiple parts of the human body to each other and includes at least one of at least one ligament, at least one tendon, and at least one muscle. The human body behavior analysis / application system according to claim 14, wherein the human body model is configured. A human body behavior analysis / application system including at least one of a server computer and a client computer communicatively connected to each other,
The server computer is based on a human body model which is modeled on a computer with respect to a human body whose whole body is at least a skeletal tissue and includes a plurality of bones. The behavior of at least one part is simulated and analyzed by executing a simulation program by a computer, and the analysis result is transmitted to the client computer.
The human body behavior analysis / application system in which the client computer executes an application specified by the user based on the analysis result received from the server computer. A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling by dividing the whole body or a part of the human body into a plurality of elements,
The plurality of elements are classified in type into a one-dimensional element having a length without thickness, a two-dimensional element having an area and shape without thickness, and a three-dimensional element having a volume and shape. The two-dimensional element is classified into a plate element that generates a tensile force and a compressive force in the in-plane direction thereof, and a membrane element that generates a tensile force in the in-plane direction but does not generate a compressive force. The multiple parts that are configured are configured to include ligaments, tendons or muscles,
In the method, each of the plurality of parts is modeled by dividing the first parts that are moved relative to each other in contact with a region having an area with the other parts, by dividing them into a plurality of membrane elements. A human body model creation method including a first modeling step in which each second part where contact and relative movement do not substantially occur is modeled by dividing into a plurality of one-dimensional elements.   The plurality of sites includes bone having a hard and thin outer layer and a soft interior, and the method further models the outer layer by dividing it into a plurality of plate elements, while the interior is The human body model creation method according to claim 17, further comprising a second modeling step of modeling by dividing into a plurality of three-dimensional elements. A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
The object is configured to include a plurality of original sites that are physically independent of each other;
The method is
A first dividing step of dividing each original part into a plurality of small parts by at least one dividing plane so that the flatness of each small part is greater than the flatness of the whole original part to which the original part belongs;
A human body model creation method including: a second dividing step of modeling each small part by dividing each of the divided small parts into a plurality of elements. 20. A human body behavior analysis based on a human body model created by the human body model creating method according to claim 19, wherein the behavior of at least one part of the human body is simulated and analyzed under a preset simulation initial condition by a computer. A method,
Of the plurality of elements of the human body model, a plurality of adjacent elements that are adjacent to each other with the respective dividing planes as boundaries should normally match each other with respect to the coordinate values of the nodes that are the vertices of the adjacent elements. Nevertheless, the human body behavior analysis method includes a condition setting step for setting the simulation initial condition so that a plurality of nodes that should originally match each other are not relatively displaced during the simulation when they do not match each other. . A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
The object includes a muscle that extends across a joint that joins two bones together, and the muscle is joined to the two bones at both ends thereof and to one of the two bones in the middle It has been
The method is a modeling step in which the muscle is modeled by dividing it by a one-dimensional element that has a length without thickness and transmits force,
A first optimization that optimizes the path of the one-dimensional element so that the one-dimensional element remains along the two bones despite the change in the angle between the two bones. Process,
Creating a human body model including a second optimization step for optimizing the connection between the one-dimensional element and the two bones so that the force transmission between the one-dimensional element and the two bones has real characteristics Method. The first optimization step is such that the one-dimensional element has two end connection points that connect to the two bones at both ends thereof, and an intermediate connection point that connects to the one bone in the middle thereof. Modeling the muscle,
The second optimization step includes a pulley fixedly positioned to the one bone at the intermediate connection point and the one bone and a rope supported by the pulley. The human body model creation method according to claim 21, further comprising a step of modeling so as to be expressed by a conceptual combination. A human body model creation method for creating a human body model by modeling the whole body or a local part of the human body,
The subject includes a complex of an Achilles tendon and a triceps surae muscle extending therefrom, and the Achilles tendon is a rib of the human body at an end opposite to the side connecting with the triceps surae. The triceps surae is connected to the femur of the human body at the end opposite to the side connecting to the Achilles tendon at both ends, and to the tibia of the human body in the middle And
In order for the method to model the composite by dividing it into one-dimensional elements that have a length and do not have a thickness and transmit forces, the one-dimensional element Modeling the composite to have two end attachment points that connect to the bone and femur, and an intermediate connection point that connects to the tibia in between.
The connection between the one-dimensional element and the tibia at the intermediate connection point is modeled as a conceptual combination of a pulley fixedly positioned on the tibia and a rope supported by the pulley. A human body model creation method including: A human body model creation support method for supporting creation of a human body model by a computer having a screen by modeling the whole body or a part of the human body,
At least one part model that accurately represents the characteristics of each part in association with each of a plurality of parts constituting the object, and the user stores the current model about the human body from a memory that is stored in advance as a standard part model. A first display step of reading a part model corresponding to the part to be converted and displaying the read part model on the computer screen;
A human body model creation support method including a definition step of defining a part model by giving a shape and size to the displayed part model in response to a command from a user. The at least one part model stored in advance in the memory includes a plurality of part models of different types as a plurality of candidate part models for the same part of the human body,
The method further comprises:
In response to a command from the user, a selection step of selecting any of the plurality of candidate site models as a final site model,
A second display step of displaying the selected final part model on the screen, and
25. The human body model creation support according to claim 24, wherein the defining step defines the final part model by giving a shape and a size to the displayed final part model in response to a command from a user. Method.   At least one of the plurality of candidate part models related to the same part of the human body models the part with a one-dimensional element, and fixes the connection between the one-dimensional element and another part of the human body to other parts. 26. The human body model creation support method according to claim 25, wherein the candidate body model is a candidate part model that is modeled so as to be expressed by a conceptual combination of a pulley positioned and a rope supported by the pulley.   A program executed by a computer to execute the human body model creation support method according to any one of claims 24 to 26.   A recording medium on which the program according to claim 27 is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

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