JP2005344007A - Method for carbonizing water-containing organic material - Google Patents

Method for carbonizing water-containing organic material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005344007A
JP2005344007A JP2004165485A JP2004165485A JP2005344007A JP 2005344007 A JP2005344007 A JP 2005344007A JP 2004165485 A JP2004165485 A JP 2004165485A JP 2004165485 A JP2004165485 A JP 2004165485A JP 2005344007 A JP2005344007 A JP 2005344007A
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water
containing organic
superheated steam
organic material
carbonizing
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Masahiro Matsunaga
全央 松永
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HIDE SHOJI KK
TERABONDO KK
Terabondo KK
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HIDE SHOJI KK
TERABONDO KK
Terabondo KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost method for carbonizing water-containing organic wastes such as garbage which solves the problem that carbonization of high-water-containing organic wastes require high energy cost. <P>SOLUTION: This method comprises the steps of subjecting water-containing organic materials to microwave heating to evaporate moisture of the organic materials, converting the evaporated moisture to superheated steam, and heating and carbonizing the organic materials from which moisture has been evaporated using the superheated steam. Further, the method comprises subjecting the water-containing organic materials to continuous microwave heating on a conveyor of a ceramic plate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、含水有機物、更に詳しくは、生ごみ等の含水有機廃棄物を炭化処理する方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for carbonizing a water-containing organic substance, more specifically a water-containing organic waste such as garbage.

生ごみや下水汚泥の様な高含水有機廃棄物を過熱蒸気で炭化する技術はすでに開示されている(特許文献1)。
高含水有機廃棄物を過熱蒸気で炭化するときの熱効率は、蒸気を発生させるときの熱効率に大きく依存する。つまり炭化の熱効率を上げるためには、より高効率で蒸気を発生させることが必須の条件であるが、現状は、ボイラーで蒸気を発生させているために、熱効率は、概ね80〜85%程度であり、熱効率が極めて悪い欠点がある。
特許文献1には、ボイラーで蒸気を発生させ、蒸気過熱器で過熱した過熱蒸気で水分を多量に含む廃棄物を炭化することが記載されている。
A technique for carbonizing high water content organic waste such as garbage and sewage sludge with superheated steam has already been disclosed (Patent Document 1).
The thermal efficiency when carbonizing high water content organic waste with superheated steam depends greatly on the thermal efficiency when generating steam. In other words, in order to increase the thermal efficiency of carbonization, it is indispensable to generate steam with higher efficiency. However, since steam is generated with a boiler at present, the thermal efficiency is approximately 80 to 85%. There is a drawback that the thermal efficiency is extremely poor.
Patent Document 1 describes that steam is generated by a boiler, and waste containing a large amount of moisture is carbonized by superheated steam that is heated by a steam superheater.

特開2001−123175号公報JP 2001-123175 A

本発明はかかる問題点にかんがみてなされたもので、その目的は、きわめて高い効率で水蒸気を発生させ、この水蒸気を使用して高含水有機質廃棄物を経済的に炭化することができる新規な方法を提供せんとするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its object is to generate a water vapor with extremely high efficiency and to use this water vapor to economically carbonize a high water content organic waste. Is intended to provide.

本発明者は、上記問題に関して鋭意研究を行い、下記の知見を得た。
すなわち、
高含水有機質廃棄物をマイクロ波で加熱すると、大量の水蒸気を高効率で発生させることができ、得られた水蒸気を過熱蒸気に変えて、この過熱蒸気で、脱水した有機質廃棄物を炭化することができることを見出した。この方法によるときわめて高い熱効率で高含水有機質廃棄物を炭化することができることを見出した。
本発明は、以上の知見に基づいてなされたものであり、下記(1)〜(4)の構成からなるものである。
(1)含水有機物をマイクロ波加熱して該有機物の水分を蒸発させる工程と、該蒸発した水分を過熱蒸気とする工程と、該過熱蒸気で、該水分の蒸発した有機物を加熱炭化する工程を備えてなることを特徴とする含水有機物の炭化方法。
(2)上記含水有機物をセラミック板コンベヤに載せて連続的にマイクロ波加熱することを特徴とする上記1に記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。
(3)上記セラミック板は多孔質で、マイクロ波発熱性のセラミックである上記2に記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。
(4)上記含水有機物は、水分量10%まで蒸発させることを特徴とする上記1〜3のいずれかに記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。
The inventor conducted intensive studies on the above problems and obtained the following knowledge.
That is,
When heating high water content organic waste with microwaves, a large amount of water vapor can be generated with high efficiency, and the resulting water vapor is converted to superheated steam, and dehydrated organic waste is carbonized with this superheated steam. I found out that I can. It has been found that this method can carbonize highly water-containing organic waste with extremely high thermal efficiency.
This invention is made | formed based on the above knowledge, and consists of the structure of following (1)-(4).
(1) A step of evaporating moisture of the organic material by microwave heating the water-containing organic material, a step of using the evaporated water as superheated steam, and a step of heating and carbonizing the organic material from which the water has evaporated with the superheated steam. A method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material, comprising:
(2) The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material according to 1 above, wherein the water-containing organic material is placed on a ceramic plate conveyor and continuously heated by microwaves.
(3) The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material as described in 2 above, wherein the ceramic plate is porous and is a microwave heat-generating ceramic.
(4) The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the water-containing organic material is evaporated to a moisture content of 10%.

熱効率が高い
水蒸気を作るための水が不要(節水)
有機物の悪臭を分解無臭化できる
No water is required to make steam with high thermal efficiency (water saving)
Decomposes organic odors without bromination

図面によって本発明の作用、機能を説明する。
図1〜2は本発明方法の説明図である。
高含水有機質廃棄物は磁選機1に入れられて、鉄くず等を除去され、ついで粉砕機2で細かく粉砕されて、マグネトロン式乾燥機3に挿入される。
マグネトロン式乾燥機では、マイクロ波によって廃棄物の中の水分のみが選択的に加熱されるので、炉の中に入れて高含水有機質廃棄物全体を加熱して水分を蒸発させる場合に比べてきわめて高い効率で蒸気を発生させることができる。熱効率は概ね90〜95%になる。
The operation and function of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 are explanatory views of the method of the present invention.
The highly water-containing organic waste is put into a magnetic separator 1 to remove iron scraps, etc., then finely pulverized by a pulverizer 2 and inserted into a magnetron dryer 3.
In a magnetron dryer, only the moisture in the waste is selectively heated by microwaves, which is much more difficult than in a furnace where the entire high water content organic waste is heated to evaporate the moisture. Steam can be generated with high efficiency. Thermal efficiency is approximately 90-95%.

マグネトロン式乾燥機3は、発生した蒸気が外に漏洩しないように、原料投入口、排出口、蒸気排出口を除いて、密閉された容器からなっている。天井部にはマグネトロン4が配置され、原料(高含水有機質廃棄物)はセラミック製コンベヤの上に投入されて、乾燥機の中を移動する。移動しながらマイクロ波で加熱されて、水分が蒸気となって蒸発する。
ここでセラミック製コンベヤとは、コンベヤベルトやチエンの上に、移動方向に小さく分割されたセラミック板を取り付けた構造のコンベヤであり、セラミック板はマイクロ波を照射されて発熱する構造である。マイクロ波発熱性セラミックとは、マイクロ波を照射されて発熱するセラミックを意味し、セラミック板の材質は、高誘電率のセラミックが好ましく、多孔質に成形焼成したものが好ましい。
The magnetron dryer 3 is composed of a sealed container except for the raw material inlet, outlet and steam outlet so that the generated steam does not leak to the outside. A magnetron 4 is disposed on the ceiling, and the raw material (highly water-containing organic waste) is put on a ceramic conveyor and moves through a dryer. It is heated by microwaves while moving, and moisture is evaporated as vapor.
Here, the ceramic conveyor is a conveyor having a structure in which a ceramic plate divided in a moving direction is attached on a conveyor belt or chain, and the ceramic plate is heated by being irradiated with microwaves. The microwave exothermic ceramic means a ceramic that generates heat when irradiated with microwaves, and the ceramic plate is preferably a ceramic having a high dielectric constant, and is preferably formed and fired into a porous body.

セラミック板に載せられた高含水有機質廃棄物は、それ自身マイクロ波で加熱されて水分が加熱され、また同時にセラミック板も発熱するために、セラミック板からも加熱されて、廃棄物中の水分が蒸発する。
蒸発した水分は、吸引ブロワー9に吸引されて蒸気排出口から排出されて過熱蒸気発生器のボイラー管の中に送り込まれる。
The highly water-containing organic waste placed on the ceramic plate is itself heated by microwaves to heat the moisture, and at the same time, the ceramic plate also generates heat. Evaporate.
The evaporated water is sucked into the suction blower 9, discharged from the steam discharge port, and sent into the boiler tube of the superheated steam generator.

ボイラー管はバーナー13で加熱されており、蒸発した水分はボイラー管の中を通過中に過熱されて過熱蒸気になり、過熱蒸気式炭化機8に吹き込まれる。
過熱蒸気の温度は、バーナー出力によって適宜調整でき、本発明では、概ね450℃〜600℃の範囲が好ましい。
The boiler tube is heated by the burner 13, and the evaporated water is superheated while passing through the boiler tube to become superheated steam and is blown into the superheated steam carbonizer 8.
The temperature of the superheated steam can be appropriately adjusted according to the burner output.

高含水有機質廃棄物は、マグネトロン式乾燥機3で概ね10%程度まで乾燥され、次いで排出口を通って破砕機7に入り、細かく破砕されて、過熱蒸気式炭化機8に入る。 The high water content organic waste is dried to about 10% by the magnetron dryer 3, then enters the crusher 7 through the discharge port, is finely crushed, and enters the superheated steam carbonizer 8.

過熱蒸気式炭化機8は、概ね450〜600℃の過熱蒸気雰囲気に保持されている。
過熱蒸気式炭化機8には、中に入れた有機質廃棄物を流動攪拌するための回転羽根が備えられている。
過熱蒸気式炭化機8の外周はジャケット構造(二重構造)になっており、ジャケットの隙間にバーナーの排ガスが流れ込んで外周の保温を行い、その後、この排ガスは外気に放出される。
The superheated steam carbonizer 8 is maintained in a superheated steam atmosphere of approximately 450 to 600 ° C.
The superheated steam carbonizer 8 is provided with a rotating blade for fluidly stirring the organic waste put therein.
The outer periphery of the superheated steam carbonizer 8 has a jacket structure (double structure). The exhaust gas from the burner flows into the gap between the jackets to keep the outer periphery warm, and then the exhaust gas is released to the outside air.

過熱蒸気式炭化機8に挿入された有機質廃棄物は炭化が完了するまで回転羽根で攪拌されながら炭化されて、完了後、炭化機の底から下に排出される。
炭化機8から出てきた過熱蒸気はスクラバー11を通過するときに臭気成分等も吸収されて飽和水蒸気となって廃棄ブロワーから外気に放出される。
The organic waste inserted into the superheated steam carbonizer 8 is carbonized while being agitated by a rotary blade until the carbonization is completed, and after completion, is discharged from the bottom of the carbonizer.
When the superheated steam that has come out of the carbonizer 8 passes through the scrubber 11, odor components and the like are also absorbed and become saturated water vapor, which is discharged from the waste blower to the outside air.

ここで、高含水有機質廃棄物のマグネトロン式乾燥機3での乾燥程度は概ね10%以上までが良い。本発明では高含水有機質廃棄物の水分を過熱蒸気の水源として利用するので、
10%未満では十分な水分が回収できず、熱効率的に不経済になる。
したがって原料として投入する高含水有機質廃棄物は少なくとも10%以上の水分を保有するものでなければならない。
Here, the degree of drying of the high water content organic waste in the magnetron dryer 3 is preferably about 10% or more. In the present invention, the moisture of the high water content organic waste is used as the water source of superheated steam,
If it is less than 10%, sufficient moisture cannot be recovered, and it becomes uneconomical in terms of heat efficiency.
Therefore, the high water content organic waste input as a raw material must have at least 10% water.

ここで、本発明の高含水有機質廃棄物とは、生ごみ、下水汚泥、食品の加工粕、ビール粕、焼酎粕、おから等の含水率10%以上の有機質廃棄物全般を意味するものである。 Here, the high water content organic waste of the present invention means all organic wastes having a water content of 10% or more such as food waste, sewage sludge, food processing straw, beer lees, shochu, okara and the like. is there.

炭化機の中の過熱蒸気の温度は、450〜600℃の範囲が好ましい。450℃未満では十分な炭化ができない。また600℃超える温度は不経済である。 The temperature of the superheated steam in the carbonizer is preferably in the range of 450 to 600 ° C. Sufficient carbonization is not possible below 450 ° C. Temperatures above 600 ° C are uneconomical.

高含水有機質廃棄物として生ごみを用い、図2の装置を使用して炭化した。
生ごみの含水率90%。
マグネトロン式乾燥機の容量: 11 KW
コンベアに使用したセラミック板: 110 × 400 ×20 mm厚さの多孔質板
セラミック板の材質 : アルミナ−シリカ−チタニア系セラミック
マグネトロン式乾燥機に100kg/時間の生ごみを投入して、約75kgの水蒸気と25kgの半乾燥した生ごみを得た。
水蒸気は過熱蒸気発生装置のバーナーで加熱して 450 ℃の過熱蒸気として過熱蒸気式炭化機に吹き込んだ。
半乾燥した生ごみを過熱蒸気式炭化機に投入して回転羽根で攪拌しながら 20 分保持して生ごみを炭化した。
約9kgの炭化物が得られた。
かかったエネルギーコスト 2.3 円/kgであった。
水を蒸発させて水蒸気となして炭化した場合に比較して約1/2であった。
Garbage was used as the high water content organic waste and carbonized using the apparatus shown in FIG.
The moisture content of garbage is 90%.
Capacity of magnetron dryer: 11 KW
Ceramic plate used for the conveyor: 110 × 400 × 20 mm thick porous plate
Material of the ceramic plate: 100 kg / hour of garbage was put into an alumina-silica-titania ceramic magnetron dryer to obtain about 75 kg of water vapor and 25 kg of semi-dried garbage.
The steam was heated with a burner of a superheated steam generator and blown into a superheated steam carbonizer as 450 ° C superheated steam.
The semi-dried garbage was put into a superheated steam carbonizer and held for 20 minutes while stirring with a rotating blade to carbonize the garbage.
About 9 kg of carbide was obtained.
The energy cost was 2.3 yen / kg.
It was about ½ compared with the case where water was evaporated to form water vapor and carbonized.

下水汚泥炭化の例
実施例1と同じ装置を用いて含水率89%の下水汚泥を炭化した。
かかったエネルギーコスト 2.4 円/kgであった。
Example of sewage sludge carbonization Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, sewage sludge with a water content of 89% was carbonized.
The energy cost was 2.4 yen / kg.

下水汚泥、生ごみ等の低コスト処理方法として廃棄物処理に多大な貢献をなすものである。   As a low-cost treatment method for sewage sludge, garbage, etc., it greatly contributes to waste treatment.

図1は、本発明方法の説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the method of the present invention. 図2は、本発明方法の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the method of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…磁選機 2…破砕機
3…マグネトロン式乾燥機 4…マグネトロン
5…セラミック板コンベア 6…ロータリーバルブ
7…乾燥物用破砕機 8…過熱蒸気式炭化機
9…吸引ブロワ 10…過熱蒸気発生器
11…スクラバー 12…排気ブロワ
13…バーナー

1 ... Magnetic separator 2 ... Crusher
3 ... Magnetron dryer 4 ... Magnetron 5 ... Ceramic plate conveyor 6 ... Rotary valve
7 ... Drying material crusher 8 ... Superheated steam carbonizer
9 ... Suction blower 10 ... Superheated steam generator
11 ... Scrubber 12 ... Exhaust blower 13 ... Burner

Claims (4)

含水有機物をマイクロ波加熱して該有機物の水分を蒸発させる工程と、該蒸発した水分を過熱蒸気とする工程と、該過熱蒸気で、該水分の蒸発した有機物を加熱炭化する工程を備えてなることを特徴とする含水有機物の炭化方法。 A step of evaporating the water content of the organic material by microwave heating the water-containing organic material, a step of converting the evaporated water to superheated steam, and a step of heating and carbonizing the organic material from which the water has evaporated with the superheated steam. A method for carbonizing a water-containing organic substance. 上記含水有機物をセラミック板コンベヤに載せて連続的にマイクロ波加熱することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。   2. The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material according to claim 1, wherein the water-containing organic material is placed on a ceramic plate conveyor and continuously heated by microwaves. 上記セラミック板は多孔質で、マイクロ波発熱性のセラミックである請求項2に記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。   The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material according to claim 2, wherein the ceramic plate is a porous and microwave exothermic ceramic. 上記含水有機物は、水分量10%まで蒸発させることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の含水有機物の炭化方法。

The method for carbonizing a water-containing organic material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-containing organic material is evaporated to a moisture content of 10%.

JP2004165485A 2004-06-03 2004-06-03 Method for carbonizing water-containing organic material Pending JP2005344007A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007245095A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Plant biomass treating system using microwave
KR101041171B1 (en) 2008-08-07 2011-06-13 한국전력공사 Method for preparing sewage sludge fuel for the blended combustion at coal fired plant using microwave

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007245095A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-27 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Plant biomass treating system using microwave
KR101041171B1 (en) 2008-08-07 2011-06-13 한국전력공사 Method for preparing sewage sludge fuel for the blended combustion at coal fired plant using microwave

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