JP2005331874A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus where a cleaning work can be stably performed by a cleaning means, even if the transfer voltage changes in a series of image forming processing. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus is provided with a transfer roller 20 for transferring a toner image formed on the surface of a photoreceptor drum 19 to a paper; and a cleaning roller 35 for removing foreign substances, such as residual toner on the surface of the photoreceptor drum after a transfer process, and when the transfer voltage applied on the transfer roller 20 is changed, a cleaning voltage to be applied on the cleaning roller 35 is changed after reading a reference value corresponding to the changed transfer voltage from a reference value table 50. By changing the cleaning voltage corresponding to the variation of the surface potential of the photoreceptor drum by the transfer voltage, potential difference required to remove the foreign substance can be maintained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile machine.

  As an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, for example, a photosensitive drum is used as an image carrier, the surface is charged and exposed to form an electrostatic latent image, and toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image. An image forming apparatus that forms a visible image and transfers the image onto a sheet is known. In such an image forming apparatus, foreign matter such as residual toner and paper dust adheres to the surface of the photosensitive drum after the toner image is transferred to the paper, and therefore a cleaning means such as a cleaning roller is provided to remove the foreign matter. Since the foreign matter adhering to the surface of the photosensitive drum is charged, it may not be removed by mechanical force alone. Therefore, a voltage is also applied to the cleaning means by the electric field generated between the photosensitive drum surface. Foreign matter is removed by electrical force.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes that a voltage is applied to a memory removal brush to facilitate recovery of residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum, and toner remaining on the memory removal brush is removed by applying a pre-transfer bias. Has been. Further, in Patent Document 2, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum is changed by alternately applying the reverse transfer bias or the forward transfer bias to the transfer roller, and the toner is electrically attracted by the cleaning roller to which the positive bias is applied. And the point that the cleaning roller is cleaned by repeating the discharge.
JP 2002-258639 A JP 2002-287598 A

  In the above-mentioned patent documents, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum is changed by changing the transfer bias, and the toner is collected or discharged from the cleaning roller. It is unavoidable that the surface potential is affected and the foreign matter recovery efficiency of the cleaning means such as the cleaning roller is affected. In the above-mentioned patent documents, there is no problem because the toner is discharged from the cleaning roller except for the image forming process. However, if the toner is inadvertently discharged in the normal image forming process, the image quality deteriorates. There is a great risk of inviting. In particular, when the transfer voltage changes in a series of image forming processes, problems easily occur in the cleaning process after the transfer.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of stably performing a cleaning operation by a cleaning unit even when a transfer voltage changes in a series of image forming processes.

  An image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes: an image carrier; a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier; an exposure unit that exposes the charged surface of the image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image; A developing means for attaching a toner to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier to make a visible image; a transfer means for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to paper; and a post-transfer An image provided with a cleaning unit that removes and collects foreign matter adhering to the surface of the image carrier, and a control unit that controls the rotation of the image carrier and controls each unit so as to form an image on a sheet. In the forming apparatus, the control unit stores a reference value determined in advance corresponding to a transfer voltage value applied to the transfer unit, and a transfer voltage value after the change when the transfer voltage value is changed. Reading means for reading the reference value corresponding to It characterized in that on the basis of the reference value read by the reading means and a cleaning voltage control means for controlling the cleaning voltage to be applied to the cleaning means.

  Another image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier, and an exposure unit that exposes the charged surface of the image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image. Developing means for attaching a toner to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier to make a visible image; transfer means for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to paper; A cleaning unit that removes and collects foreign matters attached to the surface of the image carrier after transfer, and a control unit that controls the rotation of the image carrier and controls each unit to form an image on a sheet. In the image forming apparatus, the control unit calculates a reference value based on the changed transfer voltage value and a predetermined conditional expression when the transfer voltage value applied to the transfer unit changes. , To the reference value calculated by the calculating means And a cleaning voltage control means for controlling the cleaning voltage to be applied to the cleaning means Zui characterized.

  Further, in the above-described image forming apparatus, the cleaning voltage control unit changes the cleaning voltage so that the potential difference between the surface potential of the opposing image carrier is not reversed. Further, the cleaning voltage control means changes the cleaning voltage so that a potential difference between the surface potential of the opposing image carrier and the cleaning means is maintained at a predetermined level.

  By having the above configuration, a reference value determined in advance corresponding to the transfer voltage value applied to the transfer unit is stored, and when the transfer voltage value is changed, the changed transfer voltage value is set. Since the corresponding reference value is read and the cleaning voltage applied to the cleaning means is controlled based on the reference value, the cleaning voltage can be controlled in accordance with the change of the transfer voltage, and the cleaning action by the cleaning means Can be performed stably. That is, when the transfer voltage is changed, the surface potential of the image carrier changes, and the change in the surface potential has a certain correlation with the change in the transfer voltage. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a cleaning voltage that can stably perform a cleaning operation corresponding to the surface potential of the image carrier when an arbitrary transfer voltage value is applied. If the determined reference value is stored and the cleaning voltage is controlled based on the reference value, cleaning by the cleaning means can always be performed stably even if the transfer voltage is changed.

  As a method for setting the reference value, for example, the reference value may be set for each predetermined range of the transfer voltage.

  Further, when the transfer voltage value applied to the transfer unit is changed, a reference value is calculated based on the changed transfer voltage value and a predetermined conditional expression, and applied to the cleaning unit based on the calculated reference value. If the cleaning voltage to be controlled is controlled, cleaning by the cleaning means can always be performed stably even if the transfer voltage is changed as described above. Since the reference value is calculated based on the transfer voltage value and the conditional expression after the change, it is possible to set the reference value in detail, and to finely control the cleaning voltage in response to the change in the transfer voltage. it can.

  If the cleaning voltage is changed so as not to reverse the potential difference between the surface potential of the opposing image carrier, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of problems such as the release of foreign matter from the cleaning means due to the reverse of the potential difference. it can. Further, if the cleaning voltage is changed so that the potential difference between the surface potential of the opposing image carrier and the cleaning means is maintained at a predetermined level, the cleaning action by the cleaning means can be performed more stably. Will be able to.

  Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail. The embodiments described below are preferable specific examples for carrying out the present invention, and thus various technical limitations are made. However, the present invention is particularly limited in the following description. Unless otherwise specified, the present invention is not limited to these forms.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire image forming apparatus according to the present invention. A paper discharge tray 10 is provided in the upper part of the image forming apparatus 1, and a recording unit 2 and a paper feeding unit 3 are arranged in the lower part thereof.

  In the paper feed unit 3, a paper feed cassette 11 is arranged, and a plurality of sheets of a predetermined size are stacked on the flapper 12. A pickup roller 13 is disposed at the right end of the paper feed cassette 11. The flapper 12 is urged upward by a spring member (not shown) so that the upper surface of the stacked paper comes into pressure contact with the pickup roller 13. When the pickup roller 13 is rotationally driven in this state, the sheets are fed one by one to the sheet conveyance path by the frictional force.

  The fed paper is first conveyed to the recording unit 2 by the feed roller 14 and the press roller 15. The recording unit 2 includes a developing device 16, a cleaning unit 17, a corona charger 18, a photosensitive drum 19, a transfer roller 20, an exposure head 21, and a fixing roller 22 for recording on the conveyed paper. The cleaning unit 17 cleans the surface of the photosensitive drum 19 by capturing foreign matters such as residual toner and paper dust attached to the surface of the photosensitive drum 19 after transfer. The corona charger 18 uniformly charges the surface of the photosensitive drum 19 by the discharge from the corotron. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the uniformly charged photosensitive drum 19 by exposing the photosensitive drum 19 with an exposure head (LED head) 21 in accordance with an image recording signal. Then, the toner in the developing device 16 is transferred to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 19 to visualize the electrostatic latent image. The transfer roller 20 is installed at a position facing the photosensitive drum 19 with the paper interposed therebetween, and a toner image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 19 is transferred to the paper when a predetermined voltage is applied. The transferred toner image is sandwiched between the fixing roller 22 and the press roller 23 and heated and pressed to be fixed on the paper. The fixed sheet is sandwiched between the sheet discharge roller 24 and the press roller 25 and is carried out to the sheet discharge tray 10.

  Further, a manual paper feed mechanism and a reverse conveyance mechanism are provided on the side surface of the apparatus main body, and when performing manual paper feed, the side cover 26 is opened and the paper is inserted into the paper feed roller 27. . The inserted paper is conveyed to the feed roller 14 and the press roller 15 by the paper feed roller 27 and recording operation is performed. Also, when performing reverse conveyance, the paper recorded on one side is once sandwiched between the paper discharge roller 24 and the press roller 25 and then conveyed, and then the paper discharge roller 24 is reversely rotated and conveyed to the reverse conveyance path. Then, the feed roller 28 and the press roller 29, and the feed roller 30 and the press roller 31 are transported downward by two pairs of transport rollers. Then, the sheet is conveyed again to the feed roller 14 and the press roller 15 and a recording operation is performed on the other side, and recording is performed on both sides of the sheet.

  FIG. 2 shows a partially enlarged sectional view of the recording unit 2 in FIG. As described above, the developing device 16, the cleaning unit 17, the corona charger 18 and the transfer roller 20 are disposed around the photosensitive drum 19, and the gap between the corona charger 18 and the developing device 16 is disposed. The surface of the photosensitive drum 19 is irradiated with laser light from the exposure head 21 in accordance with an image recording signal. The developing device 16 is provided with a developing roller 32, and the toner in the replenishing chamber is supplied via the supply roller 33 to form a substantially uniform toner layer on the surface of the developing roller 32. The toner is transferred by contact.

  The cleaning means 17 is configured by a cleaning roller 35, a recovery roller 36, and a sponge body 37 disposed inside a holding frame 34. The cleaning roller 35 removes foreign matter such as paper dust (schematically illustrated by black dots in FIG. 2) that is pressed against the photosensitive drum 19 and adheres to the surface thereof, and is a conductive material made of a material such as urethane or silicon. Sex sponge is used. The collection roller 36 is a member that is pressed against the cleaning roller 36 and collects foreign matter adhering to the surface thereof, and a metal material such as stainless steel is used. When the cleaning roller 35 is made of a flexible material, the recovery roller 36 is made of a hard material such as metal, so that the recovery roller 36 is pressed against the cleaning roller 35 to efficiently transfer foreign matter. Can do. The sponge body 37 slidably contacts the collection roller 36 and collects and accumulates the foreign matter adhering to the surface thereof, and urethane sponge is used. The collected foreign matter is accumulated in the collection space 38, and the foreign matter also enters and accumulates inside the sponge body 37. Since foreign matter such as paper dust is light, it accumulates along the collection roller 36 from the sponge body 37, but a fall prevention sheet 39 is attached to the holding frame 34 in order to prevent it from dropping and adhering to the cleaning roller 35. It is attached and its front end is arranged close to the collection roller 36.

  A voltage is applied to each of the cleaning roller 35, the collection roller 36, and the sponge body 37, and a potential difference between the cleaning roller 35 and the surface of the photosensitive drum 19, a potential difference between the cleaning roller 35 and the collection roller 36, By adjusting the potential difference between the collection roller 36 and the sponge body 37, the charged foreign matter is efficiently collected and released.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a circuit configuration in the recording unit 2. A recording control unit 40 that controls the entire recording operation applies a charging voltage application circuit 41 that applies a charging voltage HVC to the corona charger 18, applies a developing voltage HVB to the developing roller 32, and applies a predetermined voltage to the supply roller 33. A developing voltage applying circuit 42 for applying the cleaning voltage HVCL to the cleaning roller 35 and a cleaning voltage applying circuit 43 for applying a predetermined voltage to the recovery roller 36 and the sponge body 37, and a transfer voltage for applying the transfer voltage HVT to the transfer roller 20. A voltage is controlled by transmitting a control signal to each circuit 44. The recording control unit 40 also performs voltage control of other members such as the fixing roller 22, but is omitted in this embodiment. The recording control unit 40 performs exposure control of the LED head 21 based on the image signal, and transmits a control signal to the main motor (RX) 45 and the sub motor (DUP) 46 to perform rotation drive control. . The main motor 45 is based on a control signal from the recording control unit 40, and includes a pickup roller 13, a feed roller 14, a cleaning roller 35, a collection roller 36, a photosensitive drum 19, a supply roller 34, a developing roller 33, a transfer roller 20, The fixing roller 22 is driven to rotate. Further, the paper discharge roller 24 is rotated in the direction of discharging the paper via the clutch by the rotational driving force from the main motor 45. The sub motor 46 rotates the feed rollers 29 and 31 based on the control signal from the recording control unit 40 and also rotates the paper discharge roller 24 in the direction of reversing and conveying the paper via the clutch.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a time chart relating to the control operation in the present embodiment. In this example, the control signals of the main motor 45 and the exposure head 21 are shown as on and off, and voltage control of the charging voltage HVC, the developing voltage HVB, the transfer voltage HVT, and the cleaning voltage HVCL is shown as voltage values. In addition, the graphs drawn below these time charts show changes over time in the surface potential in the region of the photosensitive drum 19 facing the cleaning roller 35.

When an image forming operation, the control signal to the main motor 45 is transmitted rotation from time t ₀ to t ₁ is carried out. The exposure head 21, exposure control is started image signal after the time T11 has elapsed from the time t ₀ is transmitted.

As the charging voltage HVC, application of the positive voltage V _C necessary for normal charging is started from time t ₀ . On the surface of the photosensitive drum 19, a charged region uniformly charged to the positive electrode is formed, and the charged region is exposed based on the image signal by the exposure head 21, and the electrostatic latent image as described above. An image is formed. Developing voltage HVB, after time T21 has elapsed from the time t ₀ the voltage V _B of the cathode required for normal development is initiated applied. Time T21 is the time until the photosensitive drum 19 rotates and the charged area reaches the position facing the developing roller 33.

Transferring voltage HVT, the voltage V _T1 of the negative electrode is applied from time t ₀ to time T31 after the elapse. Time T31 is the time until the photosensitive drum 19 rotates and the charged area reaches a position facing the transfer roller 20. Then, the voltage is changed to the negative voltage V _T2 after the elapse of time T32 from the start of exposure. Time T32 is a time until the start position of the exposure area exposed by the exposure head 21 reaches a position facing the transfer roller 20. The voltage V _T2 is set to a negative high voltage necessary for toner transfer, and the voltage V _T1 is set to a lower voltage. In this way, by applying a low voltage in advance before applying a high voltage necessary for transfer, toner scattering and a load on the transfer roller 20 due to a sudden voltage change can be reduced.

The transfer voltage HVT is maintained at the voltage V _T2 while the transfer roller 20 faces the exposure area, and is changed to the voltage V _T1 after the time T33 has elapsed since the exposure operation by the exposure head 21 is completed. Time T33 is the time until the end position of the exposure area exposed by the exposure head 21 reaches the position facing the transfer roller 20. Then, after the time T34 has elapsed, the transfer voltage HVT is turned off.

Since the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 is positive, the surface potential is lowered by applying a negative transfer voltage. As shown in the graph of FIG. 4, the surface potential in the region of the photosensitive drum 19 facing the cleaning roller 35 is the potential V _F0 when the transfer voltage HVT is off, but the voltage V _T1 is applied. At a potential V _F1 . When the high voltage _VT2 is applied as the transfer voltage HVT, the surface potential is further lowered to the potential _VF2 . Since the correlation between the transfer voltage and the surface potential varies depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity and temporal conditions such as deterioration of the photosensitive drum and transfer roller, the experiment is repeated in advance to cope with various conditions. The transfer voltage necessary to perform the optimum transfer process is determined.

  In order to stably remove foreign matter from the surface of the photosensitive drum 19 by the cleaning roller 35, the potential difference between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 and the cleaning voltage HVCL applied to the cleaning roller 35 is set to a predetermined level. It is necessary to keep it stable. Therefore, the cleaning action by the cleaning roller 35 can be performed stably and efficiently by changing the cleaning voltage HVCL following the change in the surface potential of the region facing the cleaning roller 35.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, when the transfer voltage HVT is changed, a voltage value corresponding to the transfer voltage HVT after changing the cleaning voltage HVCL is applied. That is, as described above, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 after the transfer has a correlation with the transfer voltage, so that when the transfer voltage is changed, the surface potential is estimated from the changed transfer voltage value. Therefore, the cleaning voltage HVCL may be changed following the change in the transfer voltage HVT.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, cleaning voltage values V _L1 , V _L2 , V _L3 , and the like determined in advance corresponding to the applied transfer voltage values V _T1 , V _T2 , V _{T3 ,.} Are stored in a storage unit such as a ROM in the recording control unit 40 as shown in FIG. When the transfer voltage value V _T is changed, the cleaning voltage value V _L is read in association with the transfer voltage value V _T as follows.
For 0 ≦ V _T <V _T1 ,
V _L = V _L0
For V _T1 ≦ V _T <V _T2 ,
V _L = V _L1
For V _T2 ≦ V _T <V _T3 ,
V _L = V _L2
For V _T3 ≦ V _T <V _T4 ,
V _L = V _L3
...
Therefore, when the transfer voltage value V _T is changed and the transfer voltage value falls outside the transfer voltage value within the range, the cleaning voltage value V _L is controlled to be changed, and the transfer voltage value is finely adjusted. The cleaning voltage value remains unchanged.

In Figure 4, the cleaning voltage HVCL, the voltage V _L2 of the positive electrode is applied from time t ₀ to time T41 after the elapse. The time T41 is a time from when the photosensitive drum 19 rotates until the charging area reaches a position facing the cleaning roller 35. The transfer roller 20 transfers the charging voltage value V to the charging area of the photosensitive drum 19. _{Since T1} has already been applied, the cleaning voltage HVCL is changed to the cleaning voltage value V _L1 in response to the transfer voltage HVT being changed to the transfer voltage value V _T1 . At this time, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 facing the cleaning roller 35 becomes a potential V _{F1 as} shown in the graph, and there is a foreign matter between the cleaning voltage value V _L1 applied to the cleaning roller 35 correspondingly. As a result, a potential difference (for example, 500 V) necessary for removing the voltage is secured.

The cleaning voltage HVCL is changed from the cleaning voltage value V _L1 to the cleaning voltage value V _L2 corresponding to the change after the time T42 has elapsed from the time when the transfer voltage HVT is changed from the transfer voltage value V _T1 to the transfer voltage value V _T2. To do. Time T42 is the time until the photosensitive drum 19 rotates and the region where the transfer voltage is changed reaches the position facing the cleaning roller 35. At this time, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 facing the cleaning roller 35 decreases from the potential V _F1 to the potential V _F2 as shown in the graph, but the voltage applied to the cleaning roller 35 correspondingly is also the cleaning voltage. Since the value is changed to the value V _L2 , a potential difference (for example, 500 V) necessary for removing foreign substances is held between the two.

Similarly, the cleaning voltage HVCL is changed from the cleaning voltage value V _L2 to the cleaning voltage value V _L1 corresponding to the change after the time T43 has elapsed from the time when the transfer voltage HVT is changed from the transfer voltage value V _T2 to the transfer voltage value V _T1. change. For this reason, the potential difference between the cleaning roller 35 and the cleaning roller 35 is maintained at the potential difference necessary for removing the foreign matter in response to the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 19 rising from the potential V _F2 to the potential V _F1 due to the change of the transfer voltage. The Similarly to time T42, time T43 is the time until the area where the photosensitive drum 19 rotates and the transfer voltage is changed reaches the position facing the cleaning roller 35.

Thereafter, when the transfer voltage HVT is turned off, the cleaning voltage HVCL is changed from the cleaning voltage value V _L1 to the cleaning voltage value V _L0 corresponding to the change after the time T44 has elapsed from the time when the transfer voltage HVT was turned off. At this time, since no transfer voltage is applied to the charged area of the photosensitive drum 19, the surface potential rises from the potential V _F1 to the potential V _F0 , but the cleaning voltage applied to the cleaning roller 35 also rises correspondingly. The potential difference between the two is maintained at the potential difference necessary for removing the foreign matter. Similarly to time T42, time T44 is the time until the region where the photosensitive drum 19 rotates and the transfer voltage is turned off reaches the position facing the cleaning roller 35.

  As described above, even if the surface potential of the photoconductor drum 19 fluctuates due to the change of the transfer voltage HVT, it is between the cleaning voltage HVCL applied to the cleaning roller 35 and the surface potential of the region of the photoconductor drum 19 facing it. In addition, since the potential difference necessary for removing the foreign matter is maintained at substantially the same level, the cleaning action by the cleaning roller 35 can be efficiently performed in a stable state.

  It is ideal that the potential difference between the cleaning voltage HVCL applied to the cleaning roller 35 and the surface potential of the area of the photosensitive drum 19 facing the cleaning voltage 35 is maintained at a predetermined level, but foreign matter is removed. It is only necessary to ensure a potential difference (for example, 0 V to 600 V) in a range necessary for this. However, it is necessary to avoid reversing the potential difference between the two.

In the above example, the cleaning voltage value V _L corresponding to the transfer voltage value V _T is determined in advance and the reference value table is created. However, the cleaning voltage value V _L may be calculated using a predetermined conditional expression. . FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the conditional expression. The horizontal axis represents the absolute value of the transfer voltage value V _T , and the vertical axis represents the cleaning voltage value V _L. When a high voltage is applied as the transfer voltage HVT, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum decreases. Accordingly, in order to secure a predetermined potential difference by setting the cleaning voltage HVCL to a low voltage, in this example, the transfer voltage value V _T The cleaning voltage value V _L is calculated by a linear conditional expression so that the cleaning voltage value V _L decreases as the voltage becomes higher. When the transfer voltage value is changed, the cleaning voltage value can be set finely by calculating the cleaning voltage value from the changed transfer voltage value based on such a conditional expression.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an entire image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial enlarged view regarding a recording part. It is the schematic regarding the circuit structure of a recording part. It is a time chart regarding embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing regarding a reference value table. It is a graph regarding the conditional expression which calculates cleaning voltage.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image forming apparatus 2 Recording part 3 Paper feeding part
17 Cleaning means
18 Corona charger
19 Photosensitive drum
20 Transfer roller
21 Exposure head
32 Developing roller
35 Cleaning roller
36 Collection roller
37 sponge body

Claims (4)

  An image carrier, a charging unit for charging the surface of the image carrier, an exposure unit for exposing the charged surface of the image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image, and a static image formed on the surface of the image carrier. Developing means for making the latent image visible by attaching toner to the electrostatic latent image; Transfer means for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier onto the paper; and Adhering to the surface of the image carrier after the transfer In the image forming apparatus, the control unit includes: a cleaning unit that removes and collects the foreign matters and a control unit that controls the rotation of the image carrier and controls the units so as to form an image on a sheet. Storage means for storing a reference value determined in advance corresponding to the transfer voltage value applied to the transfer means, and reading means for reading the reference value corresponding to the changed transfer voltage value when the transfer voltage value is changed And read by the reading means Image forming apparatus characterized by based on Telc and a cleaning voltage control means for controlling the cleaning voltage to be applied to the cleaning means.   An image carrier, a charging unit for charging the surface of the image carrier, an exposure unit for exposing the charged surface of the image carrier to form an electrostatic latent image, and a static image formed on the surface of the image carrier. Developing means for making the latent image visible by attaching toner to the electrostatic latent image; Transfer means for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier onto the paper; and Adhering to the surface of the image carrier after the transfer In the image forming apparatus, the control unit includes: a cleaning unit that removes and collects the foreign matters and a control unit that controls the rotation of the image carrier and controls the units so as to form an image on a sheet. When the transfer voltage value applied to the transfer means is changed, a calculation means for calculating a reference value based on the changed transfer voltage value and a predetermined conditional expression; and a reference value calculated by the calculation means Based on the cleaning means applied to the cleaning means. An image forming apparatus characterized by comprising a cleaning voltage control means for controlling the voltage.   3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning voltage control unit changes the cleaning voltage so that a potential difference between the surface potential of the opposing image carrier is not reversed. 4.   4. The cleaning voltage control unit according to claim 3, wherein the cleaning voltage control unit changes the cleaning voltage so that a potential difference between the surface potential of the image carrier facing the cleaning unit and the cleaning unit is maintained at a predetermined level. Image forming apparatus.

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