JP2005330143A - Phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer Download PDF

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JP2005330143A
JP2005330143A JP2004148859A JP2004148859A JP2005330143A JP 2005330143 A JP2005330143 A JP 2005330143A JP 2004148859 A JP2004148859 A JP 2004148859A JP 2004148859 A JP2004148859 A JP 2004148859A JP 2005330143 A JP2005330143 A JP 2005330143A
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phosphoric acid
added
fertilizer
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mixed organic
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JP4831391B2 (en
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Noburu Machida
宣 町田
Tatsuo Fujinaga
達夫 藤永
Taku Aida
卓 合田
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Onoda Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mixed organic fertilizer which essentially comprises livestock excretion, has a good balance among fertilizer components, shows little washout after its application because it contains a citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid component, is excellent in mid- and long-term fertilizing effects and handleability and requires no top-dressing. <P>SOLUTION: The phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer is prepared by adding a phosphoric acid substance, which contains the citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid and has a pH of 4.4-6.0, to the livestock excretion. For example, a powdery phosphoric acid substance, which has a citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid content of ≥25%, a water-soluble phosphoric acid content of ≤70% and a pH of 4.7-6.0, is added to the livestock excretion. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、家畜の糞尿を主体としながら肥料成分のバランスが良く、かつ取扱性に優れたリン酸添加混合有機肥料に関する。   The present invention relates to a phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer that has a good balance of fertilizer components and is excellent in handleability while being mainly composed of livestock manure.

現在、酪農において大量に発生する牛などの糞尿処理は、大きな問題となっている。糞尿の一部は堆肥にして使用されているが、液状の糞尿スラリーおよび尿の大部分はそのまま牧草地などに散布されている。しかし、投棄的に大量に散布されることや、垂れ流し状態であることなどのために、環境汚染の一因となっているのが実状である。また、糞尿は肥料成分として窒素と加里を含んでいるが、リン酸は殆ど含まれていない。このため糞尿を肥料として使用する場合には、糞尿とは別にリン酸肥料を施肥する必要があり、施肥作業が二度手間になる問題がある。   Currently, the treatment of manure and urine such as cattle, which occurs in large quantities in dairy farming, has become a major problem. Part of the manure is used as compost, but most of the liquid manure slurry and urine are sprayed on pastures as they are. However, the fact is that it is a cause of environmental pollution due to being dumped in large quantities and being in a dripping state. Manure contains nitrogen and potassium as fertilizer components, but hardly contains phosphoric acid. For this reason, when using manure as a fertilizer, it is necessary to fertilize a phosphate fertilizer separately from manure, and there is a problem that the fertilization work becomes troublesome twice.

従来、牛糞尿にリン酸成分を補った肥料が知られており、例えば、牛糞尿にｐＨ６.２以上の窒素−リン酸系複合肥料を添加して肥料とする方法が提案されている（特許文献１）。しかし、添加する窒素−リン酸系複合肥料は水溶性の肥料であるため、雨によって流失する量が多く、また緩効性成分がほとんど無いために追肥が必要であるなどの問題を有している。さらに、添加する窒素リン酸系肥料が液状の場合は、高濃度のリン酸を含有するため取扱いに注意を要していた。また、使用する窒素リン酸系肥料はｐＨ６.２以上のアルカリ性に限定されている。これは一般的な水溶性を主成分とするｐＨ６.２より低い肥料は、牛糞尿に添加した時に激しく発泡するため使用できないからである。   Conventionally, a fertilizer in which a phosphate component is supplemented to cow manure is known. For example, a method of adding a nitrogen-phosphate complex fertilizer having a pH of 6.2 or more to cow manure to make a fertilizer has been proposed (patent) Reference 1). However, since the added nitrogen-phosphate compound fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer, it has a problem that a large amount is washed away by rain and there is almost no slow-release component, so additional fertilization is necessary. Yes. Furthermore, when the nitrogen phosphate fertilizer to be added is in a liquid state, it requires high handling because it contains a high concentration of phosphoric acid. Moreover, the nitrogen phosphate fertilizer to be used is limited to the alkalinity of pH 6.2 or more. This is because a general fertilizer having a water solubility of lower than pH 6.2 cannot be used because it foams violently when added to cow manure.

また、牛糞などを化学反応させた後に生石灰を添加してアルカリ殺菌する工程、脱水工程、悪臭成分の分解工程、熟成工程を有する家畜糞尿処理方法が提案されており、この処理物として有機肥料が得られることが知られている（特許文献２）。しかし、この処理方法は悪臭の除去や汚染防止を主な目的にしており、従って得られる有機肥料のリン酸成分は必ずしも十分ではなく肥料成分のバランスが悪い。また、処理工程が大掛かりであり、小規模な実施には適さないなどの問題がある。
特開平０３−１９３６８７号公報 特開平０９−１４２９７７号公報 In addition, a method for treating livestock manure has been proposed which comprises a step of chemically reacting cow dung and the like followed by quick lime addition and alkali sterilization, a dehydration step, a malodor component decomposition step, and an aging step. It is known that it can be obtained (Patent Document 2). However, the main purpose of this treatment method is to remove malodors and prevent contamination. Therefore, the phosphoric acid component of the obtained organic fertilizer is not always sufficient, and the balance of the fertilizer components is poor. In addition, there is a problem that the processing steps are large and not suitable for small-scale implementation.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-193687 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-142977

本発明は、牛や豚などの家畜糞尿を主原料にした肥料について、従来の上記問題を解決したものであり、ク溶性リン酸成分を主成分とした粉末状のリン酸肥料を添加することによって、肥料成分のバランスが良く、しかも混合時の発泡も殆ど無い取扱性に優れたリン酸添加混合有機肥料を提供する。   The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems of fertilizers mainly made of livestock manure such as cattle and pigs, and adds a powdered phosphate fertilizer mainly composed of a soluble phosphate component. Thus, a phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer excellent in handleability with a good balance of fertilizer components and almost no foaming during mixing is provided.

本発明によれば以下のリン酸添加混合有機肥料が提供される。
（１）家畜の糞尿にｐＨ４.４〜６.０以下のク溶性リン酸を含むリン酸物質を添加してなることを特徴とするリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
（２）ク溶性リン酸含有量が２５％以上であってク溶性リン酸中の水溶性リン酸含有量が７０％以下であるｐＨ４.７〜６.０の粉状リン酸物質を家畜の糞尿に添加してなる上記(1)のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
（３）牧草地用の肥料であって、ク溶性リン酸を含むリン酸物質をＰ2Ｏ5／Ｎが０.５〜５.０になるように添加した上記(1)または(2)のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
（４）上記(1)〜(3)に記載する何れかの混合肥料を脱水してなる粉状のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。 According to the present invention, the following phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer is provided.
(1) A phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer obtained by adding a phosphoric acid substance containing a soluble phosphoric acid having a pH of 4.4 to 6.0 or less to livestock manure.
(2) A powdered phosphoric acid substance having a pH of 4.7 to 6.0 with a soluble phosphoric acid content of 25% or more and a water-soluble phosphoric acid content in the soluble phosphoric acid of 70% or less. The phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer as described in (1) above, which is added to manure.
(3) The above-mentioned (1) or (2), which is a fertilizer for pasture, wherein a phosphoric acid substance containing soluble phosphoric acid is added so that P 2 O 5 / N is 0.5 to 5.0. Mixed organic fertilizer with phosphoric acid.
(4) A powdered phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer obtained by dehydrating any of the mixed fertilizers described in (1) to (3) above.

〔具体的な説明〕
本発明のリン酸添加混合有機肥料は、家畜の糞尿にｐＨ４.４〜６.０以下のク溶性リン酸を含む粉状リン酸物質を添加してなることを特徴とするリン酸添加混合有機肥料である（以下、単に混合有機肥料と云う場合がある）。本発明の家畜糞尿は牛糞尿、豚糞尿などを用いることができる。また、家畜糞尿は固形状またはスラリー状の何れでも良い。 [Specific description]
The phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer according to the present invention comprises a phosphoric acid-added mixed organic substance obtained by adding a powdered phosphoric acid substance containing a soluble phosphoric acid having a pH of 4.4 to 6.0 or less to livestock manure. It is a fertilizer (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as mixed organic fertilizer). Cattle manure, pig manure, etc. can be used for the livestock manure of this invention. Moreover, livestock manure may be either solid or slurry.

家畜糞尿に添加するリン酸物質は、ク溶性リン酸含有量が２５％以上であってク溶性リン酸中の水溶性リン酸含有量が７０％以下であるｐＨ６以下の粉状リン酸物質が用いられる。ク溶性リン酸含有量がこれより少なく、また水溶性リン酸含有量がこれより多いと、施肥後にリン酸成分の流失量が増大するので適当ではない。   The phosphoric acid substance added to livestock manure is a powdered phosphoric acid substance having a pH of 6 or less and having a soluble phosphate content of 25% or more and a soluble phosphate content of 70% or less in soluble soluble phosphoric acid. Used. If the content of soluble phosphoric acid is less than this, and if the content of water-soluble phosphoric acid is more than this, the amount of phosphoric acid components lost after fertilization is not suitable.

上記リン酸物質は、ク溶性リン酸含有量が２６％以上であってク溶性リン酸中の水溶性リン酸含有量が６５％以下のリン酸物質が好ましい。このように水溶性リン酸が少なく、ク溶性リン酸の多いリン酸物質を添加することによって、施肥後のリン酸成分の流失を抑制することができる。ク溶性リン酸は緩効性であるので、施肥後の流失量が少ないことによって長期間土壌に存在して中長期的な施肥効果を発揮することができ、追肥の手間が不要になる。   The phosphoric acid material is preferably a phosphoric acid material having a soluble phosphoric acid content of 26% or more and a water-soluble phosphoric acid content in the soluble soluble phosphoric acid of 65% or less. Thus, by adding a phosphoric acid substance with a small amount of water-soluble phosphoric acid and a large amount of soluble phosphoric acid, loss of the phosphoric acid component after fertilization can be suppressed. Since sol-soluble phosphoric acid is slow-acting, it can be present in the soil for a long period of time due to a small amount of run-off after fertilization, so that it can exert a medium- to long-term fertilization effect, eliminating the need for additional fertilization.

さらに、上記リン酸物質はｐＨ４.４〜６.０が好ましい。ｐＨが６より高いと糞尿スラリーから生じるアンモニアの揮散を防止することができない。また、ｐＨが４.４以下であるとリン酸物質を添加した時の発泡が激しいので好ましくない。なお、ｐＨ４.７〜６.０のリン酸物質であれば、これを家畜糞尿に添加しても殆ど発泡を生じない。これは、上記リン酸物質としてリン酸一マグネシウム、リン酸一石灰、硫酸マグネシウム、リン酸ニマグネシウム、リン酸二石灰を含むリン酸肥料を用いた場合、ク溶性のリン酸ニマグネシウム、リン酸二石灰の存在によって、リン酸一マグネシウム、リン酸一石灰の溶解速度が遅くなったためと考えられる。   Further, the phosphoric acid material preferably has a pH of 4.4 to 6.0. If the pH is higher than 6, volatilization of ammonia generated from the manure slurry cannot be prevented. Further, it is not preferable that the pH is 4.4 or less because foaming is severe when a phosphoric acid substance is added. In addition, if it is a phosphoric acid substance of pH 4.7-6.0, even if this is added to livestock manure, it will hardly produce foaming. This is because when phosphate fertilizers containing monomagnesium phosphate, monolime phosphate, magnesium sulfate, nimagnesium phosphate, and dilime phosphate are used as the phosphoric acid substance, soluble magnesium magnesium phosphate, phosphoric acid It is considered that the dissolution rate of monomagnesium phosphate and monolime phosphate was slowed by the presence of dilime.

上記リン酸物質の添加量は、これを添加して得た混合有機肥料の窒素(N)およびリン酸(P2O5)の有効成分量比が対照作物に適した割合になるのが好ましい。例えば、牧草地の場合には、Ｐ2Ｏ5／Ｎが０.５〜５.０になるように添加するのが好ましい。 The amount of the phosphoric acid substance added is preferably such that the ratio of the effective components of nitrogen (N) and phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ) in the mixed organic fertilizer obtained by adding this is suitable for the control crop. . For example, in the case of a pasture, P 2 O 5 / N is preferably added so as to 0.5-5.0.

さらに、上記リン酸物質は苦土成分を含有するものが好ましい。家畜糞尿はカリの量が比較的多いので、このまま施肥するとマグネシウム欠乏症を招く懸念があるが、苦土成分を補充することによってこれを防止することができる。また、苦土成分を含有させることによってリン酸の吸収効果が向上し、収量の増加が期待できる。   Further, the phosphoric acid material preferably contains a bitter earth component. Since livestock manure has a relatively large amount of potash, if fertilized as it is, there is a concern that magnesium deficiency may be caused, but this can be prevented by supplementing the maternal component. Moreover, the inclusion of a bitter earth component improves the absorption effect of phosphoric acid, and an increase in yield can be expected.

上記リン酸物質は取り扱い易さのうえから粉状のものが好ましい。このリン酸物質としては一般に使用されている肥料、例えば、過リン酸石灰、重過リン酸石灰、焼成リン肥、加工リン酸肥料（苦土重焼燐など）、硫酸苦土肥料などを必要に応じて粉砕し、混合して用いることができる。   In view of ease of handling, the phosphoric acid material is preferably in powder form. As this phosphate substance, fertilizers commonly used, such as superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, processed phosphate fertilizer (such as bitumen heavy burned phosphorus), sulfuric acid bitter fertilizer, etc. are required Depending on the condition, they can be pulverized and mixed for use.

本発明のリン酸添加混合有機肥料は、家畜糞尿スラリーに上記リン酸物質を添加して十分に攪拌混合すればよい。また、これを脱水して粉状にすれば取扱性がさらに向上する。   The phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer of the present invention may be prepared by adding the phosphoric acid substance to a livestock manure slurry and sufficiently stirring and mixing it. Moreover, if this is spin-dry | dehydrated and made into a powder form, handling property will improve further.

本発明のリン酸添加混合肥料は、家畜の糞尿を有効に活用することができる。また、家畜糞尿を主原料にしながら肥料成分のバランスが良く、しかもク溶性リン酸成分を含むので施肥後の流失量が少なく、この緩効性リン酸成分によって中長期の肥料効果に優れており、追肥の必要がない。   The phosphoric acid-added mixed fertilizer of the present invention can effectively utilize livestock manure. In addition, the balance of fertilizer components is good while using livestock manure as the main raw material, and since it contains a soluble phosphate component, there is little run-off after fertilization, and this slow-release phosphate component has excellent medium- to long-term fertilizer effects. There is no need for additional fertilization.

本発明を実施例および比較例によって具体的に示す。   The present invention is specifically illustrated by examples and comparative examples.

５Ｌのビーカーに、表２に示す牛糞尿スラリー２５００ｇ（約２.５Ｌ）を量り取り、表１に示した粉状リン酸肥料（No.１〜６）を各々１０ｇ（０.４％）、５０ｇ（２％）添加して撹拌し、発泡状態と体積増加を観察した。この結果を表３に示した。なお、０.４％添加は、今回使用した牛糞尿スラリーの有効成分に表１の粉状リン酸肥料を添加することによって肥料成分（窒素、リン酸、カリ）の割合が牧草地（火山性土壌、マメ科５％〜１５％未満）に適した肥料となる添加割合である。また、牛糞尿スラリーの組成等によってリン酸肥料の最適な添加量は変化するので、２％添加した場合についてもその効果を確認した。なお、表２の肥効率は家畜の糞尿に含まれている窒素(N)、リン酸(P2O5)、カリ(K2O)のうち、牧草に利用される割合を示している。 In a 5 L beaker, 2500 g (about 2.5 L) of cattle manure slurry shown in Table 2 was weighed, and 10 g (0.4%) of each of the powdered phosphate fertilizers (No. 1 to 6) shown in Table 1; 50 g (2%) was added and stirred, and the foaming state and volume increase were observed. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, 0.4% addition means that the proportion of fertilizer components (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash) is increased to pasture (volcanic) It is an addition ratio that becomes a fertilizer suitable for soil, legumes 5% to less than 15%). Moreover, since the optimal addition amount of a phosphate fertilizer changes with composition of a cow manure slurry, etc., the effect was confirmed also about the case where 2% was added. The fertilization efficiency in Table 2 indicates the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ) and potash (K 2 O) contained in livestock manure to be used for pasture.

Figure 2005330143
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表３に示すように、No.２〜No.６のリン酸肥料を添加したものは、添加時の発泡が抑制されており、肥料成分のバランスが良い混合有機肥料を得ることできる。一方、水溶性リン酸成分の多い試料No.１を用いたものは添加時の発泡が著しい。   As shown in Table 3, with the addition of No. 2 to No. 6 phosphate fertilizer, foaming at the time of addition is suppressed, and a mixed organic fertilizer with a good balance of fertilizer components can be obtained. On the other hand, the sample using Sample No. 1 with a large amount of water-soluble phosphoric acid component is markedly foamed when added.

床面がメッシュの試験箱（幅29.5cm×奥行12cm×高さ8cm）に風乾した土壌１５００ｇを入れて表面を平らにし、底部から僅かに水が流れ出るまで灌水した後に２４時間放置した。次いで、この試験箱に実施例１のNo.４およびNo.６の混合有機肥料（粉状リン酸肥料０.４％添加品）２５０ｇを均一に散布した後、１時間毎に３５０ml（降水量１０mmに相当）の水を灌水し、底部から流れ出た水に含まれるリン酸量を測定した。一方、比較例として、ク溶性リン酸を含まず水溶性リン酸を主成分とするリン酸水素アンモニウムをリン酸成分量がNo.４およびNo.６と同等になるように添加して用いた他は同一の条件で試験箱を灌水し、底部から流れ出た水に含まれるリン酸量を測定した。使用した混合有機肥料の有効成分を表４に示した。また、この有機肥料によって土壌表面に散布されたリン酸量を表５に示し、流出したリン酸量を表６に示した。   An air-dried soil (1500 g) was placed in a mesh test box (29.5 cm wide x 12 cm deep x 8 cm high), and the surface was flattened. Next, 250 g of the mixed organic fertilizer of No. 4 and No. 6 of Example 1 (0.4% powdered phosphate fertilizer added product) was uniformly sprayed on this test box, and then 350 ml (precipitation amount) every hour. (Corresponding to 10 mm) was irrigated, and the amount of phosphoric acid contained in the water flowing out from the bottom was measured. On the other hand, as a comparative example, ammonium hydrogen phosphate containing no water-soluble phosphoric acid and containing water-soluble phosphoric acid as a main component was added so that the amount of phosphoric acid component was equivalent to No. 4 and No. 6. Otherwise, the test box was watered under the same conditions, and the amount of phosphoric acid contained in the water flowing out from the bottom was measured. Table 4 shows active ingredients of the mixed organic fertilizer used. Moreover, the amount of phosphoric acid sprayed on the soil surface by this organic fertilizer is shown in Table 5, and the amount of phosphoric acid which flowed out is shown in Table 6.

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本発明のNo.４およびNo.６の混合有機肥料を用いた場合には、流出したリン酸量が少ないが、比較試料では流出したリン酸量が多く、牛糞尿スラリーに添加したリン酸が短期間に流失することが確認された。

When the mixed organic fertilizers of No. 4 and No. 6 of the present invention were used, the amount of phosphoric acid that flowed out was small, but the amount of phosphoric acid that flowed out was large in the comparative sample, and the phosphoric acid added to the cow manure slurry was It was confirmed that it was washed away in a short time.

Claims (4)

家畜の糞尿にｐＨ４.４〜６.０以下のク溶性リン酸を含むリン酸物質を添加してなることを特徴とするリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
A phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer obtained by adding a phosphoric acid substance containing quasi-soluble phosphoric acid having a pH of 4.4 to 6.0 or less to livestock manure.
ク溶性リン酸含有量が２５％以上であってク溶性リン酸中の水溶性リン酸含有量が７０％以下であるｐＨ４.７〜６.０の粉状リン酸物質を家畜の糞尿に添加してなる請求項１のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
A powdered phosphoric acid substance having a pH of 4.7 to 6.0 having a soluble phosphate content of 25% or more and a soluble phosphate content of 70% or less in the soluble phosphate is added to livestock manure. The mixed organic fertilizer added with phosphoric acid according to claim 1.
牧草地用の肥料であって、ク溶性リン酸を含むリン酸物質をＰ2Ｏ5／Ｎが０.５〜５.０になるように添加した請求項１または２のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
3. A phosphoric acid-added mixed organic material according to claim 1 or 2, which is a fertilizer for pastures, wherein a phosphoric acid substance containing soluble phosphoric acid is added so that P 2 O 5 / N is 0.5 to 5.0. fertilizer.
請求項１〜３に記載する何れかの混合肥料を脱水してなる粉状のリン酸添加混合有機肥料。
Powdered phosphoric acid-added mixed organic fertilizer obtained by dehydrating any of the mixed fertilizers according to claim 1.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03193687A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-08-23 Katakura Chitsukarin Kk Fertilizer formed by utilizing bovine urine or bovine excretions
JPH07185318A (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-25 Naisu Tec:Kk Deodorant material and its deodorizing and fertilizer making method
JP2001089272A (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-04-03 Mitsui Touatsu Hiryo Kk Poultry manure-containing fertilizer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03193687A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-08-23 Katakura Chitsukarin Kk Fertilizer formed by utilizing bovine urine or bovine excretions
JPH07185318A (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-25 Naisu Tec:Kk Deodorant material and its deodorizing and fertilizer making method
JP2001089272A (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-04-03 Mitsui Touatsu Hiryo Kk Poultry manure-containing fertilizer

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