JP2005319561A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool capable of accurately cutting a workpiece while miniaturizing a device. <P>SOLUTION: This machine tool comprises a spindle housing 31 formed in rectangular cylinder shape; guide parts 41 provided at four nearly angular parts of the spindle housing 31 to support the spindle housing 31 movably almost in a vertical direction; a spindle 2 rotatably provided in the spindle housing 31 to grip the workpiece 3; and a tool 4 on which the workpiece 3 gripped by the spindle 2 abuts while rotating, to cut the workpiece 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool that uses a tool such as a blade to cut a workpiece gripped by a spindle that is movable in the vertical direction.

  As a lathe which is one of machine tools, there is a lathe in which the axis of the spindle provided on the headstock is vertical. This lathe is called a vertical lathe, which grips a workpiece (workpiece) with a chuck provided on the spindle, and cuts the workpiece while rotating the spindle (workpiece) (for example, Patent Document 1). reference.).

The vertical lathe described in Patent Document 1 includes a movable table that can move in the X-axis direction (any one horizontal direction), and a spindle that is provided on the movable table and can move in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). A spindle, a spindle that extends parallel to the Z axis and is rotatably supported on the spindle base and has a chuck that grips the workpiece, and a tool that is disposed below the spindle so as to be capable of indexing and that cuts the workpiece. And a turret having the same. In order to cut a workpiece using the vertical lathe, first, the moving table is moved in the X-axis direction and the workpiece is gripped by the chuck. The moving table that grips the work is moved in the X-axis direction to position the work above the turret. After positioning, the spindle is rotated and the turret is swiveled to index the tool (cutting tool), and the rotating workpiece is brought into contact with the tool (cutting tool) to cut the workpiece.
JP-A-10-138001

  By the way, in the above-described vertical lathe, the headstock is movably arranged on the moving table, but the place where the main table is supported by the moving table is one side of the main table, and the main table is separated from the moving table. It will be supported. For this reason, when cutting a workpiece, the spindle head is moved and the workpiece gripped by the chuck at the tip of the spindle head is pressed against the blade, by deformation (displacement) due to heat or disturbance, or by cantilever support. Due to the effect that the main spindle is lowered forward, the positional relationship between the workpiece and the cutting tool may be a factor causing a deviation from the control target. When the headstock is cantilevered as described above, the headstock becomes unbalanced as a whole, and not only simple warping but deformation such as torsion can be applied when machining the workpiece depending on the material conditions of the workpiece. There is also sex. As a result, the workpiece machining accuracy may deteriorate. Furthermore, in order to ensure the rigidity of the head stock, an adjustment member for balancing is provided behind the head stock, and there is a problem that there is a limit to downsizing the apparatus.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of reducing the size of the apparatus and cutting a workpiece with high accuracy. is there.

  In order to achieve the above object, a machine tool according to the present invention is a machine tool for cutting a workpiece by rotating the workpiece gripped by a main shaft provided so as to be movable in a vertical direction while contacting the tool. The machine is characterized in that the main shaft is supported so as to be movable in the vertical direction by three or more guide portions disposed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction.

  According to the present invention, since the main shaft is supported by three or more guide portions disposed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, it is not cantilevered as in the prior art. When this is done, there is almost no deviation from the control target in the positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool. As a result, the workpiece can be processed with high accuracy. In addition, since the main shaft is supported by three or more guide portions at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction thereof, in order to ensure the rigidity of the main shaft base that supports the main shaft, the balance behind the main shaft table is balanced. Since there is no need to provide the adjusting member, the apparatus can be reduced in size.

  The machine tool of the present invention is provided with a main shaft housing formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape, and at or near the four corners of the main shaft housing, and supports the main shaft housing so as to be movable in the vertical direction. The workpiece is machined by rotating and abutting between the guide portion, the spindle that is rotatably provided in the spindle housing, and the workpiece gripped on the spindle while rotating. And a tool.

  According to the present invention, the four corners of the spindle housing having the spindle or the vicinity of the corners are supported by the guide parts, respectively. Therefore, when cutting the workpiece, Since there is almost no deviation from the control target in the positional relationship, the workpiece can be processed with high accuracy. In addition, the four corners of the spindle housing having the spindle or the vicinity of the corners are supported by the guide parts, respectively, so that the rigidity of the spindle stock supporting the spindle is secured behind the spindle stock etc. Since there is no need to provide an adjustment member for balancing, the apparatus can be miniaturized.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, it is preferable that a center of the main shaft, a center of the guide portion, and a center of a driving force for moving the main shaft in a vertical direction coincide with each other. According to the present invention, when the workpiece is cut, the positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool hardly causes a deviation from the control target, so that the workpiece is processed with higher accuracy. be able to. In addition, since the center of the main shaft, the center of the guide portion, and the center of the driving force for moving the main shaft in the vertical direction coincide with each other, there is no need to provide an adjusting member for balancing the headstock supporting the main shaft. The apparatus can be reduced in size.

  The machine tool of the present invention is a machine tool that performs cutting of a workpiece by bringing the workpiece gripped by a chuck of a spindle provided in a vertically movable manner into contact with a tool while rotating the workpiece. In addition, the tool is provided, and a tool base on which the workpiece is placed and moved to a position where the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck is provided. . According to the present invention, since the tool table is provided, it is not necessary to separately use a supply device for supplying the workpiece, the device can be reduced in size, and the workpiece can be automatically processed. It will be.

  The machine tool according to the present invention is a machine tool for cutting a workpiece by contacting the tool while rotating the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the spindle, the first unit having the spindle And the 2nd unit which has the said tool is attached detachably. In the machine tool of the present invention, the second unit has a tool table on which the workpiece is placed and on which the workpiece is placed, on which the workpiece is placed, The workpiece mounted on the workpiece mounting table can be moved to a position where the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, and can be moved to a position where the tool and the mounting portion are exposed. preferable. According to these inventions, replacement, maintenance, and the like of a tool, a work table, and the like can be easily performed.

  Further, the machine tool of the present invention is configured to cut a workpiece by contacting a first unit having a main shaft provided so as to be movable in a vertical direction and a workpiece gripped by a chuck of the main shaft while rotating. A tool for performing machining is disposed, a tool base on which the workpiece is placed and moved to a position where the placed workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, and the tool stand moves A machine tool provided with a second unit to which the first unit is attached, the machining position of a workpiece by the tool, the position of a guide for moving the tool base, and The mounting surfaces of the first unit and the second unit are close to each other on the same plane.

  According to this invention, the machining position of the workpiece by the tool, the position of the guide for moving the tool table, and the mounting surfaces of the first unit and the second unit are close to each other on the same plane. The workpiece can be cut almost without being affected by vibration generated when the body is cut, and the processing can be performed with higher accuracy.

  The machine tool of the present invention is a machine tool that performs cutting of a workpiece by bringing the workpiece gripped by a chuck operated by gas pressure into contact with a tool while rotating the workpiece. An ejection port for ejecting the gas toward the workpiece is provided. According to the present invention, since the dust generated when the workpiece is cut is blown off by the gas from the jet outlet, the workpiece is not clogged in the workpiece or the chuck, and the workpiece is processed. can do.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, it is preferable that a gas supply path for driving the chuck and a gas supply path ejected from the ejection port are common. According to the present invention, since the supply path is common, the structure is not complicated and the cutting powder can be removed with a simple structure.

  Further, the machine tool of the present invention has a first unit having a main shaft provided so as to be movable in a vertical direction, and the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the main shaft in contact with the workpiece while rotating. A tool for cutting, and a tool base on which the tool is disposed and the workpiece is placed and moved to a position where the chucked workpiece can be gripped by the chuck. A machine tool is provided, wherein the tool table is provided so as to be movable in two directions that are horizontal and orthogonal to each other. According to this invention, since the position of the tool can be adjusted in two directions, the workpiece can be processed with higher accuracy.

  The machine tool according to the present invention also cuts a workpiece by rotating the first unit having a main shaft provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction and the workpiece held by the chuck of the main shaft while rotating. A tool base for moving the workpiece to a position where the workpiece is placed and the placed workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, and the tool base is movable. A machine tool provided with the second unit to which the first unit is attached, wherein the first unit, the tool table and the second unit are used as one cutting processor. A plurality of the cutting processors are installed, and the tool table of each cutting processor moves to another cutting processor to deliver the workpiece.

  According to this invention, the workpiece can be processed continuously, and mass production can be performed. In addition, since the tool table moves to another cutting machine and delivers the workpiece, it is not necessary to use a supply device for supplying the workpiece, and the device can be reduced in size and processed. The body can be processed automatically.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, the tool table includes a workpiece table on which the workpiece is placed, and the workpiece table is movably provided on the tool table. It is preferable that the stress generated by the elastic member is absorbed by elastic deformation of the elastic member when urged by the elastic member and the workpiece is placed on the workpiece holder. In the machine tool of the present invention, the work table is attached to an upper end portion of a shaft that is movable in the vertical direction, and the vertical movement of the shaft is restricted to the lower end portion of the shaft. It is preferable that a stopper and the elastic member for urging the shaft upward in the vertical direction are provided. According to these inventions, when the workpiece is placed on the workpiece holder, the workpiece holder moves against the biasing force of the elastic member, and the stress generated on the workpiece is reduced. Since it is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the elastic member, it becomes possible to place the workpiece on the workpiece holder without causing damage or the like.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the tool table is driven by a linear motor.

  In the machine tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the tool is accommodated in a tool mounting portion, and a mounting plate is inserted between the tool mounting portion and the tool to adjust the position of the tool. According to this invention, since the position of the tool can be further adjusted, the workpiece can be processed with higher accuracy.

  As described above, according to the machine tool of the present invention, since the main shaft is supported by three or more guide portions arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, when cutting a workpiece. In addition, since there is almost no deviation from the control target in the positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool, the workpiece can be processed with high accuracy.

  In addition, according to the machine tool of the present invention, the main shaft is supported by three or more guide portions arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, thereby ensuring the rigidity of the head stock supporting the main shaft. Therefore, there is no need to provide an adjustment member for balancing behind the headstock and the apparatus can be downsized.

  Hereinafter, a machine tool of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 to 5 are views showing an example of a machine tool according to the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the machine tool of the present invention is a workpiece to be gripped by a main shaft 2 provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the Z axis in FIGS. 1 to 5). The workpiece 3 is cut by bringing it into contact with a tool 4 such as a blade while rotating 3. In the present invention, the “vertical direction” is not limited to the vertical direction but includes “substantially vertical direction”. Examples of the machine tool 1 according to the present invention include a lathe, a turning center processing machine, a milling machine, a machining center, and the like, and a lathe is particularly preferable.

  The machine tool 1 of the present invention includes a base 20 (sometimes referred to as a pedestal), a first unit 11 having a main shaft 2, and a second unit 12 having a tool 4.

  The base 20 is installed at a predetermined location such as a floor, and is formed in a substantially U shape with the upper side opened from two opposing side portions 21 and 21 and a rectangular bottom surface (see FIG. 3 and FIG. 5). A U-shaped first cutout 22 is provided at the center of the upper edge of each side 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 4). The four corners of the bottom surface of the base 20 are respectively provided with adjustment pads 23 whose heights can be individually adjusted. Fine adjustment of the vertical height and horizontal position of the machine tool 1 of the present invention are provided. Adjustments can be made.

  The first unit 11 includes a first frame 30 that is detachably attached to the upper portion of the base 20, a spindle housing 31 (sometimes called a spindle head) that rotatably supports the spindle 2, and a Z-axis moving mechanism. 40 and a spindle rotation mechanism 55.

  The first frame 30 is formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape that can be fitted between both side portions 21, 21 of the base 20. Flange portions 30a and 30a mounted on the upper ends of the two side portions 21 and 21 of the base 20 are provided in the vicinity of the lower portions of the two opposite side surfaces of the four surfaces of the first frame 30, respectively. (See FIGS. 2 and 4). The vicinity of both end portions of these flange portions 30a, 30a is detachably attached to the upper portion of the base 20 by fastening members such as bolts 35.

  A substantially rectangular window 36 is provided on each of the two side surfaces provided with the flange portion 30a, so that the spindle housing 31 and a Z-axis guide portion described later can be easily attached and maintained. Yes. In addition, a U-shaped second cutout portion 37 is provided at the lower central portion of these two side surfaces, and an oval shape is formed by the first cutout portion 22 when the first frame 30 is attached to the base 20. Window (hereinafter referred to as “oval window 38”) is formed so that the state of cutting of the workpiece 3 can be seen from the oval window 38 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). .

  The main shaft housing 31 is provided in the first frame 30. The main shaft housing 31 is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to rotatably support the main shaft 2. Specifically, the main shaft housing 31 is housed in the first frame 30, for example, a first housing 32 that rotatably supports the main shaft 2, and a first housing that extends vertically upward from the top of the first frame 30. 2 housing 33.

  The first housing 32 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the main shaft 2 is rotatably supported therein. The main shaft 2 is preferably supported by the first housing 32 so that the center of the first housing 32 and the center of the main shaft 2 (the rotation axis of the main shaft 2) coincide with each other. In the present invention, “the center of the first housing 32 and the center of the main shaft 2 (the rotation axis of the main shaft 2) coincide with each other” is not limited to the case where they completely coincide with each other. Is included. The outer shape of the first housing 32 is formed in a rectangular shape that is slightly smaller than the rectangular shape of the opening portion of the first frame 30, and as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of Z-axis guide portions 41 are provided in the first frame 30. The first housing 32 is housed so as to be fitted through the first housing 32.

  The Z-axis guide portion 41 supports the first housing 32 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction in FIGS. 1 to 7), and may be a bearing member or the like as long as it can support the spindle housing 31. The guide roller 42 is preferable. Although it does not specifically limit as the guide roller 42, It is preferable that it is a cross-roller guide, especially the cross-roller guide by which a roller is alternately arrange | positioned at the angle close | similar to 90 degrees or 90 degrees.

  A plurality of, for example, four guide rollers 42 (Z-axis guide portions 41) are arranged to support the spindle housing 31 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). However, the guide rollers 42 (Z-axis guide portions 41) are supported. ) Is preferably arranged so as to coincide with the center of the spindle housing 31. Here, the term “match” includes “substantially match”. For example, in the present embodiment, the guide roller 42 is disposed at four corners of the spindle housing 31. That is, the main shaft housing 31 is supported by four Z-axis guide portions 41 disposed at 90 ° intervals in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 2. Note that the Z-axis guide portions 41 do not have to be disposed at intervals of 90 ° strictly in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 2, and may be disposed at intervals of approximately 90 °, for example. Further, in the present embodiment, the Z-axis guide portions 41 are arranged at four corners of the main shaft housing 31 at intervals of 90 °. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the main shaft 2 is predetermined in the circumferential direction. What is necessary is just to support so that it can move to a perpendicular direction by the three or more Z-axis guide parts 41 arrange | positioned by the space | interval.

  The second housing 33 is attached to the upper part of the first housing 32 by fastening members such as a plurality of bolts 43. The second housing 33 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the center of the first housing 32 and the center of the second housing 33 coincide with each other. In the present invention, “the center of the first housing 32 and the center of the second housing 33 coincide with each other” is not limited to the case where they completely coincide with each other, but includes “substantially coincides”. .

  A screw groove is provided on the outer periphery of the second housing 33, and a nut 45 as a feed screw is screwed onto the outer periphery of the second housing 33. The nut 45 is rotatably provided via a bearing member 46 such as a bearing in the drive unit housing 34 fixed to the upper portion of the first frame 30 so as to cover the second housing 33. When the nut 45 rotates, the second housing 33 (main shaft housing 31) moves in the vertical direction via the Z-axis guide portion 41. That is, the center of the main shaft 2 (rotating shaft), the center of the Z-axis guide portion 41, and the center of the driving force of the main shaft housing 31 are made to coincide. In the present invention, “the center of the main shaft 2 (rotating shaft), the center of the Z-axis guide portion 41, and the center of the driving force of the main shaft housing 31 match” is limited to a case where they completely match. Instead, it includes “substantially match”. As shown in FIG. 6, the movement range A of the spindle housing 31 is such that the length of the spindle housing 31 is formed so that the workpiece 3 held by the chuck of the spindle 2 is within the oblong window 38. Preferably it is. That is, it is preferable that the length of the spindle housing 31 is formed so that the movement range A of the workpiece 3 is close to the attachment position of the first frame 30 and the base 20.

  The Z-axis moving mechanism 40 includes the Z-axis guide portion 41, a Z-axis motor 47, and a transmission mechanism 48. The Z-axis motor 47 is a motor that can rotate forward and reverse, and is, for example, a servo motor. The Z-axis motor 47 is detachably attached to a motor attachment plate 34 a of the drive unit housing 34 fixed to the upper part of the first frame 30 so as to cover the second housing 33.

  The transmission mechanism 48 includes a motor pulley 51 attached to the rotation shaft of the Z-axis motor 47, a passive pulley 52 attached to the outer periphery of the nut 45, and a timing belt stretched around these pulleys 51, 52. 53, the spindle housing 31 is moved in the vertical direction via the timing belt 53 and the nut 45 by driving the Z-axis motor 47. Although the driving force of the Z-axis motor 47 is transmitted to the nut 45 via the transmission mechanism 48, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the nut 45 is directly rotated by the Z-axis motor 47. Alternatively, a gear may be attached to the rotation shaft of the Z-axis motor 47 and the nut 45 may be rotationally driven by this gear. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 54 indicates a tension bolt.

  The main shaft rotation mechanism 55 includes a main shaft motor 56 and a coupling 57 that connects the rotation shaft 56 a of the main shaft motor 56 and the main shaft 2. The spindle motor 56 is a motor that can rotate forward and backward, and is, for example, a servo motor or a spindle motor. The spindle motor 56 is detachably attached to the upper portion of the second housing 33 by a fastening member such as a bolt 58. The coupling 57 connects the rotation shaft 56a of the main shaft motor 56 and the main shaft 2 on the same axis. Although the driving force of the main shaft motor 56 is transmitted to the main shaft 2 via the coupling 57, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate directly by the main shaft motor 56. It may be.

  A chuck 60 that grips the workpiece 3 such as a workpiece is provided below the main shaft 2 (sometimes referred to as a tip portion). The chuck 60 grips the workpiece 3 by a change in the pressure of a fluid such as air, for example. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the chuck 60 is an air chamber 61 provided at the front end portion of the main shaft 2 and a part of a wall defining and partitioning the air chamber 61 and the main shaft. 2, an elastically deformable wall portion 62 serving as a distal end portion, and a chuck claw 63 provided on the elastically deformable wall portion 62.

  The air chamber 61 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 2 via, for example, an O-ring 64, and an air supply path 65 provided in the main shaft housing 31 is communicated with the air chamber 61. The air supply path 65 communicates with the air hole 66 of the first housing 32, and air is supplied from the air hole 66 into the air chamber 61 through the air supply path 65.

  The elastic deformation wall portion 62 is a part of the wall portion defining the air chamber 61 and serves as a tip portion of the main shaft 2, and is formed so as to be elastically deformed when an air pressure exceeding a certain pressure acts on the air chamber 61. Yes.

  The chuck claws 63 are composed of a pair (two) or three or more claws provided on the elastic deformation wall portion 62, and the elastic deformation wall portion 62 is elastically deformed so that a gap (interval) between the claws is widened. ing. The chuck claw 63 grips the workpiece 3 by elastic deformation of the elastic deformation wall portion 62, but is arranged so that the gripped workpiece 3 is positioned on the center line of the main shaft 2. preferable.

  Further, the elastic deformation wall portion 62 is provided with a stopper 67 with which the workpiece 3 comes into contact. The stopper 67 is formed in a tubular shape, and the other end penetrates the air chamber 61 and is positioned in the air supply path 65. An opening at one end of the stopper 67 is formed as an air outlet 68 for jetting air toward the workpiece 3 held by the chuck claw 63, and the air jet 68 is cut by the workpiece 3. It is preferable to be provided at a position where air is ejected toward the portion to be processed. As described above, since the air ejected from the air ejection port 68 and the air that drives the chuck 60 are air supplied from the same air supply path 65, the structure is not complicated, and the powder is cut with a simple structure. Can be removed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the second unit 12 includes a second frame 70, a tool table 15 having a workpiece mounting table 80 and a tool 4, and a tool table moving mechanism 73. .

  The second frame 70 is a pair of second frames 70 and 70 that are detachably fixed to the lower portion of the first frame 30 by fastening members (not shown) such as bolts. That is, the first unit 11 and the second unit 12 are detachably attached by fastening members (not shown) such as bolts. The pair of second frames 70, 70 extend in the horizontal direction and are arranged in parallel to each other. Between the pair of second frames 70, 70, the tool table 15 can move in the horizontal direction (the direction indicated by the X axis in FIGS. 1 to 7 (X axis direction)) via the X axis guide portion 71. Is provided. In the present invention, the “horizontal direction” is not limited to the horizontal direction, but includes “substantially horizontal direction”.

  The X-axis guide portion 71 supports the tool table 15 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably a guide roller 72 or the like. Although it does not specifically limit as the guide roller 72, It is preferable that it is a cross-roller guide, especially the cross-roller guide by which a roller is alternately arrange | positioned at the angle close | similar to 90 degrees or 90 degrees.

  An X-axis motor 74, which is a component of the tool table moving mechanism 73, is provided at one lower portion of the pair of second frames 70 and 70. Examples of the X-axis motor 74 include a linear motor. The engaging portion 16 of the tool base 15 is connected to the X-axis motor 74, and when the X-axis motor 74 is driven, the tool base 15 is moved in two directions in the X-axis direction (in FIG. 1 and FIG. It is designed to move in any one direction. The X-axis motor 74 is not limited to a linear motor as long as the tool table 15 can be moved in the X-axis direction. The X-axis motor 74 can be moved to the X-axis by using another motor such as a shaft motor. You may make it move to a direction.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the movement range of the tool base 15 in the X-axis direction is that the workpiece support base 80 can be positioned at the workpiece delivery position E and the workpiece supply / discharge position F, respectively, and the tool 4 can be moved. There is no particular limitation as long as it has at least a range B that can be positioned at the cutting position of the workpiece 3. This moving range is preferably a range in which the work piece mounting table 80, the tool 4 and the like provided on the tool table 15 can move to a position where they are exposed from the first unit 11 (first frame 30). If it does in this way, replacement | exchange, maintenance, etc. of the to-be-processed object stand 80, the tool 4, etc. can be performed easily.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the workpiece mounting base 80 is a platform on which the workpiece 3 is placed. The workpiece mounting base 80 is formed in a shape such as a columnar shape or a rectangular box shape, and is formed in a columnar shape, for example. It is preferable that a concave portion 81 is provided on the upper surface of the workpiece holder 80 so that the workpiece 3 is placed at substantially the same position. In addition, a guide groove or the like may be provided on the upper surface of the workpiece holder 80 so that the workpiece 3 is placed at a predetermined position of the workpiece holder 80. In addition, a presser mechanism or the like may be provided on the upper surface of the workpiece holder 80 so as to support the workpiece 3 so as not to rattle.

  The workpiece support table 80 may be fixed to the tool table 15, but is provided so as to be movable so that stress generated in the workpiece 3 is absorbed when the workpiece 3 is placed. It is preferable. That is, for example, when the workpiece 3 is placed on the tool table 15 and is urged by an elastic member, the workpiece 3 is placed on the workpiece table 80. It is preferable that the stress generated in the workpiece 3 by the workpiece 3 coming into contact with the workpiece holder 80 is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the elastic member.

  Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the workpiece mounting base 80 is attached to the upper end portion (the end portion on the upper side in the vertical direction) of the shaft 82 extending in the vertical direction. The shaft 82 is provided on the tool base 15 so as to be movable in the vertical direction via a guide bush 83. Although it does not specifically limit as the guide bush 83, For example, a ball bush etc. are used. The guide bush 83 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter that is fitted into the through hole 15 a of the tool base 15. A flange portion for preventing the guide bush 83 from coming out of the through hole 15a when the guide bush 83 is inserted and fitted into the through hole 15a at the lower end portion (the end portion positioned on the lower side in the vertical direction) of the guide bush 83 83a is provided. When the guide bush 83 is inserted and fitted into the through hole 15a, for example, the upper end portion (the end portion positioned on the upper side in the vertical direction) is formed with a dimension that protrudes from the surface of the tool base 15 by a predetermined length. Has been. Note that the inner diameter of the through hole 15a is formed to be longer than the outer diameter of the workpiece support table 80, for example.

  A stopper 85 is attached to the lower end portion of the shaft 82. The stopper 85 abuts on the flange portion 83 a of the guide bush 83 to restrict the upward movement of the shaft 82 in the vertical direction. An upper end portion of a spring 84 as an elastic member is attached to the lower portion of the stopper 85 in the vertical direction. The spring 84 extends in the vertical direction. The lower end of the spring 84 is attached to a spring receiver 86 fixed to the tool table 15. The spring 84 urges the stopper 85 upward in the vertical direction, and is held in a state where the stopper 85 is in contact with the guide bush 83. In other words, the workpiece mounting base 80 is urged by the spring 84 vertically upward via the shaft 82. At this time, a gap is formed between the upper end portion of the guide bush 83 and the workpiece support table 80, and the workpiece support table 80 can be moved within the vertical range of the gap. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the length of the shaft 82 and changing the length of the gap, it is possible to arbitrarily set the movement range of the workpiece mounting base 80. The elastic member is not limited to the spring 84, and another elastic member of the spring 84 may be used.

  Various types of tools 4 are known, and are arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of cutting. As the tool 4, for example, a single-blade tool, a sword tool, a slant tool tool, a flat finishing tool tool, a cut-off tool tool, a chamfer tool tool, a chamfer tool tool, a male thread tool tool, etc. Examples thereof include a cutter 91 for inner diameter processing such as a female thread cutting tool, a chamfering tool for inner diameter, and a groove tool for inner diameter.

  The tool table 15 is provided with, for example, a first blade holder 92 for storing a cutting tool 90 for external processing and a second blade holder 93 for storing a cutting tool 91 for inner diameter processing.

  The first blade holder 92 is formed in a columnar shape, for example. The first cutter holder 92 accommodates a cutting tool 90 for external processing so that the cutting edge protrudes from one end face. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 11, the first blade holder 92 is mounted in the first blade holder mounting hole 17 of the tool table 15. When the first blade holder 92 is mounted in the first blade holder mounting hole 17 of the tool base 15, the cutting tool 90 for external processing is positioned in the elliptical window 38, and the X-axis guide portion 71, It is preferable that the cutting edge 90 of the cutting tool 90 for external processing is mounted at the center of 71.

  The first tool holder mounting hole 17 is formed, for example, so as to extend in the vertical direction to the tool table 15 in the vicinity of the workpiece mounting table 80. The first cutter holder mounting hole 17 has an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first cutter holder 92. The first blade holder 92 is mounted in the first blade holder mounting hole 17 by mounting plates 94a, 94b, 94c, and 94d as four wedges between the first blade holder 92 and the first blade holder mounting hole 17. It is preferable to be inserted. Specifically, the mounting plates 94a, 94b, 94c, and 94d are, for example, four locations at substantially 90 ° intervals (two opposing locations are two opposing locations in the X-axis direction, and the remaining two locations are in the Y-axis direction (X 2) facing each other in the direction orthogonal to the axis). Of these mounting plates 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d, two mounting plates (first mounting plate 94a, second mounting plate 94b) that face each other in the X-axis direction are attached to the tool table 15 by fastening members such as screws 95. It is a restriction plate that is formed in an L shape having flanges 94aa and 94ba to be attached and restricts the movement of the blade holder 92.

  The remaining two mounting plates (third mounting plate 94c and fourth mounting plate 94d) have flanges 94ca and 94da, and one surface is gradually inclined toward the tip (thinner becomes thinner as it goes to the tip). The position adjusting plate is formed in an L shape and regulates the movement of the blade holder 92 and adjusts the position of the cutting edge of the cutting tool 90 for external machining. That is, for external machining by changing the insertion amount (insertion length) (relative positional relationship) of these two mounting plates 94c, 94d between the first blade holder 92 and the first blade holder mounting hole 17 with each other. The blade edge of the blade 90 can be moved in the Y-axis direction (the direction indicated by the Y-axis in FIGS. 1 to 7 (the horizontal direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction)). The third mounting plate 94c and the fourth mounting plate 94d are attached to the tool table 15 by, for example, two types of tightening screws 96 and extraction screws 97. Note that the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate may also be formed of a position adjusting plate that adjusts the position of the cutting edge of the cutting tool for outer shape processing. In this case, the inclined surfaces of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are formed on the surface opposite to the inclined surface provided on the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate, that is, the first mounting plate. It is preferable that the inclination of the plate and the second mounting plate and the inclination of the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate are opposite to each other.

  The second blade holder 93 is formed in a columnar shape, for example. A blade 91 for inner diameter processing is attached to the tip of the second blade holder 93 along a direction orthogonal to the axis of the second blade holder 93. The second blade holder 93 is mounted on the second blade holder mounting portion 18 of the tool table 15. When the second blade holder 93 is mounted on the second blade holder mounting portion 18 of the tool table 15, the inner diameter processing blade 91 is positioned in the oblong window 38, and the X-axis guide portion 71, It is preferable that the cutting edge of the cutter 91 for inner diameter processing is positioned at the center of 71.

  The second blade holder mounting portion 18 is formed to extend in the horizontal direction on the tool table 15 near the first blade holder mounting hole 17, for example. The second cutter holder mounting portion 18 has an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the second cutter holder 93. The second blade holder 93 is mounted on the second blade holder mounting portion 18 by inserting mounting plates 98a and 98b, which are four wedges, between the second blade holder 93 and the second blade holder mounting portion 18. Are preferred. Specifically, the mounting plates 98a and 98b are, for example, four locations at intervals of approximately 90 ° (two opposing locations are two opposing locations in the Z-axis direction, and the remaining two locations are opposing two locations in the X-axis direction). Has been inserted. Of these mounting plates 98a and 98b, two mounting plates (first mounting plate 98a and second mounting plate 98b) that face each other in the Z-axis direction have flanges that are attached to the tool table 15 by fastening members such as screws. It is a restriction plate that is formed in a substantially L shape and restricts the movement of the blade holder.

  The remaining two mounting plates (the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate) have a flange shape and one surface is gradually inclined as it goes to the tip (thickness decreases as it goes to the tip). It is a position adjusting plate that regulates the position of the cutting edge of the cutting tool for outer shape processing while regulating the movement of the blade holder. That is, by changing the insertion amount (insertion length) of these two mounting plates between the second blade holder 93 and the second blade holder mounting portion 18, the cutting edge of the cutting tool 91 for inner diameter machining is changed to the Y axis. It can move in the direction. The third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate are attached to the tool base 15 by, for example, two types of tightening screws and extraction screws. Note that the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate may also be formed of a position adjusting plate that adjusts the position of the cutting edge of the cutter for inner diameter processing in the same manner as the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate. In this case, the inclined surfaces of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are formed on the surface opposite to the inclined surface provided on the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate, that is, the first mounting plate. It is preferable that the inclination of the plate and the second mounting plate and the inclination of the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate are opposite to each other. In FIG. 1, reference numerals 88 and 89 denote cutting oil nozzles, respectively.

  Further, as another tool, for example, a drill spindle or the like may be provided on the tool table. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the third tool holder 102 having the drill spindle 101 is placed on the tool table 103 between the workpiece placing table 80 and the first tool holder 92, and the first tool holder 92. Similarly, the four mounting plates 104 may be provided. In FIG. 12, reference numeral 105 denotes a motor for rotating the drill spindle.

  Next, the operation of the machine tool of the present invention will be described.

  First, the X-axis motor 74 is driven, the tool base 15 moves in the X-axis direction via the X-axis guide portion 71, and the workpiece mounting base 80 is positioned at the workpiece supply position F (see FIG. 6). The After the positioning, the workpiece 3 such as a workpiece is placed on the workpiece mounting table 80 from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction. At this time, the workpiece 3 comes into contact with the workpiece mounting base 80, but if the contact force is large, the workpiece mounting base 80 moves downward in the vertical direction against the urging force of the spring 84. As a result, the stress generated in the workpiece 3 due to the workpiece 3 coming into contact with the workpiece mounting table 80 is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the spring 84, so that the workpiece 3 is not damaged and is not damaged. It will be placed on the workpiece holder 80. This is because when the workpiece 3 is fixed when the workpiece 3 is placed on the workpiece stand 80, the workpiece 3 is contacted when the workpiece 3 comes into contact with the workpiece stand 80. This is because almost all of the stress generated in the workpiece 3 acts on the workpiece 3, and the workpiece 3 may be damaged when the stress is large.

  When the workpiece 3 is placed on the workpiece mounting table 80, the X-axis motor 74 is driven, and the workpiece 3 is placed under (directly below) the chuck 60 (chuck claw 63). The tool base 15 moves so as to be positioned at E (see FIG. 6). After the movement, the Z-axis motor 47 is driven to move the spindle housing 31 downward in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), and air is supplied from the air hole 66 into the air chamber 61 through the air supply path 65 and is elastic. The deformation wall portion 62 is elastically deformed, the interval between the chuck claws 63 is changed, and the workpiece 3 is gripped by the chuck claws 63. After gripping, the Z-axis motor 47 is driven to move the workpiece 3 (spindle housing 31) upward in the vertical direction, and then the X-axis motor 74 is driven to move the target cutting tool below the workpiece 3 The tool base 15 is moved so as to be in the predetermined position.

  Then, while the spindle motor 56 is driven and the workpiece 3 is rotated via the spindle 2, the Z-axis motor 47 is driven and the workpiece 3 comes into contact with the blade and is cut. At this time, since the main shaft 2 (main shaft housing 31) is supported by four Z-axis guide portions 41 arranged at intervals of about 90 ° in the circumferential direction, the workpiece is brought into contact with the blade and cutting is performed. When doing so, the positional relationship between the workpiece 3 and the tool 4 hardly changes. Therefore, the workpiece 3 can be processed with high accuracy.

  In addition, since the center of the main shaft 2, the center of the Z-axis guide portion 41, and the center of the driving force that moves the main shaft 2 in the vertical direction coincide with each other, when the workpiece 3 is cut, On the other hand, since no extra force is applied and the displacement hardly occurs, the positional relationship between the workpiece 3 and the tool 4 hardly causes a deviation from the control target. Further, since the cutting position of the workpiece 3 and the center of the Z-axis and the center of the X-axis (center of the X-axis guide portion) are close to each other, the force generated by the machining when the workpiece 3 is cut. Will be evenly distributed. Therefore, the workpiece 3 can be processed with higher accuracy.

  Further, since the machining position of the workpiece 3, the position of the X-axis guide portion 71 that moves the tool table 15, and the mounting surfaces of the first unit 11 and the second unit 12 are close to each other on the same plane, Cutting can be performed with almost no influence of vibration generated when the workpiece 3 is cut. That is, vibration is generated when the workpiece 3 is cut, but the machining position of the workpiece 3, the position of the X-axis guide portion 71 that moves the tool base 15, and the first unit 11 and the second unit 12. If the mounting surfaces are close to each other on the same plane, the vicinity of the blade edge becomes a vibration node, so that the workpiece 3 can be cut with almost no influence of vibration, and the workpiece is processed. Cutting of the body 3 can be performed with higher accuracy.

  In addition, when cutting is performed while the workpiece 3 is in a rotated state while being rotated, an amount of air that does not elastically deform the elastic deformation wall portion 62 enters the air supply path 65 from the air hole 66. It is preferable that it is supplied. If it does in this way, air will be ejected toward the to-be-processed body 3 from the air jet outlet 68 of the stopper 67, and the dust which comes out when cutting the to-be-processed body 3 by this ejected air will be blown away. As a result, the processing of the workpiece 3 is performed without the cutting powder clogging the workpiece 3 or the chuck.

  After the cutting process, the spindle motor 56 is stopped, and then the X-axis motor 74 is driven to move the workpiece support table 80 below the workpiece after the cutting process. Then, the workpiece is placed on the workpiece support table 80. Placed on. After placement, the X-axis motor 74 is driven to move the workpiece to the workpiece supply position F. In this way, since the tool base 15 moves (slids) in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) to supply the workpiece 3 to the chuck 60 and discharge the workpiece, the supply for supplying the workpiece 3 is performed. The workpiece can be automatically processed without using an apparatus.

  Therefore, in the machine tool 1 of the present invention, since the main shaft 2 is supported by the Z-axis guide portion 41, when the workpiece 3 is machined, the positional relationship between the workpiece 3 and the tool 4 is controlled. Therefore, the workpiece 3 can be processed with high accuracy.

  Moreover, since the 1st unit 11 which has the main axis | shaft 2 and the 2nd unit 12 which has the tool 4 are each detachably fixed by fastening members (not shown), such as a volt | bolt, assembly is easy, Maintenance of the spindle 2, tool 4, etc. and replacement of parts, etc. can be performed easily.

  In addition, since the base 20 is formed in a substantially U shape and the lower part of the tool base 15 is in an open state, the blade holders 92 and 93 can be attached and detached, and the wiring can be easily routed from the lower part of the tool base 15. Further, since almost no members are provided on the processing (upper) side of the tool table 15, the cutting powder generated at the time of cutting is dispersed, so that the cutting can be performed without the influence of the cutting powder.

  In the above-described machine tool, the case where the tool table is supported so as to be movable only in the X-axis direction has been described. However, the work table is supported so as to be movable in the other direction, for example, the Y-axis direction together with the X-axis direction. Also good. For example, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the Y-axis unit 111 is supported by the X-axis unit 112 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction together with the work table, and the work table is moved in the Y-axis direction by the Y-axis unit 111. You may make it support so that it is possible. Further, the cutting tool 90 for outer shape processing and the cutting tool 91 for inner diameter processing are attached to the Y-axis unit 111. In FIG. 14, the inner diameter machining tool 91 is omitted because it is disposed behind the outer shape machining tool 90.

  In addition, two or more bases 20, the first unit 11, and the second unit 12, which are the above-described machine tools, are used as one cutting processing machine, and in the illustrated example, three are close to each other (in parallel), and the workpieces are placed in each of them. You may comprise so that cutting processing may be sequentially carried out with a cutting processor. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, three cutting processors 121, 122, and 123 are arranged in parallel, and the second frame 124 of each of the cutting processors 121, 122, and 123 is connected to work table 125, 126, 127 can move to an adjacent cutting processing machine or the like.

  The number of the cutting processors 121, 122, and 123 is preferably the number that performs the cutting process, and it is preferable that the cutting processors 121, 122, and 123 perform the cutting process individually. In this case, the work tables 125, 126, 127 of the respective cutting processors 121, 122, 123 are each provided with one blade (blade holder) corresponding to the cutting processing performed by the cutting processors 121, 122, 123. For example, a cutting tool 90 for external processing is attached to the first work table 125 of the first cutting processing machine 121 closest to the workpiece supply position C, and an inner diameter is attached to the second work table 126. A cutting tool 91 for processing is attached, and a cutting tool 90 for external processing is attached to the third work table 127.

  After the first workbench 125 is moved to the workpiece supply position C and the workpiece 3 is supplied, it moves to the first cutting processor 121, and the workpiece 3 is moved to the first cutting processor 121 by the first cutting processor 121. It is cut. After the first cutting, the second work table 126 moves to the first cutting processor 121 and receives the first cut workpiece, and then moves to the second cutting processor 122. The second cutting processor At 122, the workpiece is second cut. After the second cutting, the third work table 127 moves to the second cutting processor 122 and receives the second cut workpiece, and then moves to the third cutting processor 123, where the third cutting processor At 123, the workpiece is subjected to the third cutting process, and all the cutting processes are completed. The processed body after the cutting is placed on the third work table 127, and after the third work table 127 moves to the processed object discharge position D, the processed object is discharged to another process. Therefore, the workpiece 3 can be processed continuously and mass production can be performed.

It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a front view which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a side view which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a front view which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a side view which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the machine tool of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the Z-axis guide part of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the chuck | zipper of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the chuck | zipper of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the to-be-processed object stand of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example equipped with the 1st blade holder of this invention, (a) And (b) is sectional drawing, (c) is a rear view. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a front view which shows the other example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a side view which shows the other example of the machine tool of this invention. It is a front view which shows the other example of the machine tool of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Spindle 3 Workpiece 4 Tool 11 1st unit 12 2nd unit 15 Tool stand 41 Guide part 31 Spindle housing,
60 Chuck 68 Spout 65 Air supply path

Claims (15)

A machine tool for cutting a workpiece by contacting the tool while rotating the workpiece gripped by a spindle provided to be vertically movable,
A machine tool, wherein the main shaft is supported so as to be movable in a vertical direction by three or more guide portions disposed at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction of the main shaft. A spindle housing formed in the shape of a rectangular cylinder;
A guide portion that is provided at or near the four corners of the spindle housing and supports the spindle housing so as to be movable in the vertical direction;
A main shaft that is rotatably provided in the main shaft housing and grips a workpiece;
A machine tool, comprising: a tool for cutting the workpiece by rotating the workpiece gripped by the spindle while rotating.   3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a center of the main shaft, a center of the guide portion, and a center of a driving force for moving the main shaft in a vertical direction coincide with each other. A machine tool for cutting a workpiece by contacting a tool while rotating the workpiece gripped by a chuck of a spindle provided so as to be movable in a vertical direction,
A machine tool provided with the tool, and a tool base on which the workpiece is placed, and the placed workpiece is moved to a position where the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck. . A machine tool for cutting a workpiece by contacting the tool while rotating the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the spindle,
A machine tool, wherein a first unit having the main shaft and a second unit having the tool are detachably attached.   The second unit includes a tool table on which the tool is provided and a work table on which the workpiece is placed. The tool table is provided on the work table. 6. The mounted workpiece can be moved to a position where the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, and can be moved to a position where the tool and the mounting portion are exposed. Machine tools. A first unit having a main shaft movably provided in a vertical direction and a tool for cutting the workpiece by rotating and contacting the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the main shaft are disposed. And a tool table for moving the mounted workpiece to a position where the chucked workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, the tool table being movably provided, and A machine tool comprising a second unit to which the first unit is attached,
The machining position of the workpiece by the tool, the position of the guide for moving the tool table, and the mounting surfaces of the first unit and the second unit are close to each other on the same plane. machine. A machine tool for cutting a workpiece by contacting the tool while rotating the workpiece held by a chuck operated by gas pressure,
A machine tool provided with an ejection port for ejecting the gas toward the workpiece.   The machine tool according to claim 8, wherein a gas supply path for driving the chuck and a gas supply path ejected from the ejection port are common. A first unit having a main shaft provided so as to be movable in a vertical direction; a tool that cuts the workpiece by rotating and contacting the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the main shaft; A machine tool provided with a tool table on which the workpiece is placed and moved to a position where the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck,
A machine tool, wherein the tool table is provided so as to be movable in two directions that are horizontal and orthogonal to each other. A first unit having a main shaft provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction and a tool for cutting the workpiece by rotating and contacting the workpiece gripped by the chuck of the main shaft are disposed. And a tool table for moving the mounted workpiece to a position at which the workpiece can be gripped by the chuck, the tool table being movably provided, and A machine tool comprising a second unit to which one unit is attached,
The first unit, the tool table and the second unit are used as one cutting processing machine, a plurality of cutting processing machines are installed, and the tool table of each cutting processing machine is moved to another cutting processing machine. A machine tool for delivering the workpiece.   The tool table includes a workpiece table on which the workpiece is placed, the workpiece table is movably provided on the tool table and is urged by an elastic member, The machine tool according to claim 4 or 11, wherein when the workpiece is placed on the workpiece holder, the stress generated in the workpiece is absorbed by elastic deformation of the elastic member. .   The work table is attached to an upper end of a shaft that is movable in the vertical direction. The machine tool according to claim 12, wherein the elastic member to be urged is provided.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 4, 6, 7, 10 to 13, wherein the tool table is driven by a linear motor.   15. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool is housed in a tool mounting portion, and a position of the tool is adjusted by inserting a mounting plate between the tool mounting portion and the tool. The machine tool described.

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