JP2005307814A - Ejector - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ejector capable of changing an interval between a nozzle part and a diffuser part and increasing exhaust speed without sacrificing final arrival degree of vacuum by a simple structure without using an actuator and an external control mechanism. <P>SOLUTION: This ejector 10 is provided with the nozzle part 13, the diffuser part 14 arranged by opposing to the nozzle part 13, and an intake chamber part 16 formed between the nozzle part 13 and the diffuser part 14 to inject high pressure fluid toward the diffuser part 14 from the nozzle part 13 and turn pressure in the intake chamber part 16 into negative pressure. This ejector is provided with an interval movable means for moving an interval between the nozzle part 13 and the diffuser part 14. The interval movable means is provided with an elastic body 18 like a circular ring having a cavity 18a inside it at a tip of the nozzle part 13 or the diffuser part to move the interval by expansion and contraction of the elastic body 18. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an ejector that performs evacuation using a high-pressure fluid such as steam or high-pressure water as a drive source.

  As this type of ejector, there is widely known an ejector that is composed of a nozzle portion, a diffuser portion, and the like and that performs vacuum evacuation using steam or a high-pressure fluid as a driving source. A configuration example of a general ejector is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the ejector 50 includes a nozzle portion 53 in the ejector body 51, a diffuser portion 54 disposed opposite to the nozzle portion 53, and an intake chamber portion 56 formed between the nozzle portion 53 and the diffuser portion 54. It is the structure which comprises. The high-pressure driving fluid 101 is supplied from the driving fluid inlet 52, and the high-pressure driving fluid 101 converts pressure energy into kinetic energy at the nozzle portion 53 to increase the flow velocity, and is ejected toward the diffuser portion 54. At that time, the intake chamber portion 56 becomes negative pressure, sucks gas through the vacuum intake port 57 to perform the vacuum intake 102, and is discharged as the discharge fluid 103 together with the drive fluid 101 through the drive fluid outlet 55. It functions as a vacuum pump.

Normally, the ejector is optimally designed for each part such as a nozzle part and a diffuser part according to its application specifications. However, in order to cope with a wide range of flow rates and pressures and to improve efficiency, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, As shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228867, there are proposed ones in which a throttle is provided inside the nozzle and downstream of the diffuser, and those in which the nozzle is made variable by an actuator.
JP 2002-130200 A JP-A-7-185284 JP 2004-44412 A

  According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, in such an ejector, when the gap between the nozzle and the diffuser is narrow, the exhaust speed is slow but the final ultimate vacuum is good, and conversely, when the gap between the nozzle and the diffuser is large. Although the exhaust speed was fast, it was confirmed that the final ultimate vacuum deteriorated. That is, if the pressure on the vacuum side is high, the gap between the nozzle part and the diffuser part is widened to increase the exhaust speed, and if the gap can be gradually narrowed as the vacuum side becomes low pressure, the final vacuum degree is sacrificed. It is possible to increase the exhaust speed without doing.

  However, if an actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric motor is used to make the gap between the nozzle part and the diffuser part variable, not only will the mechanism be complicated, but the adjustment will increase and the possibility of failure will increase. In addition, there is a problem that the equipment becomes large and the manufacturing cost becomes high.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the interval between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion can be made variable without using an actuator or an external control mechanism, and the ultimate ultimate vacuum is sacrificed by a simple structure. An object of the present invention is to provide an ejector capable of increasing the exhaust speed without any problems.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention described in claim 1 includes a nozzle portion, a diffuser portion disposed to face the nozzle portion, and an intake chamber portion formed between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion. In the ejector that ejects high-pressure fluid from the nozzle part toward the diffuser part and makes the intake chamber part negative pressure, the nozzle part has a fixed diameter and position, and the diffuser part has a movable structure; An interval moving means for moving the interval of the diffuser portion is provided.

  The invention according to claim 2 includes a nozzle portion, a diffuser portion disposed to face the nozzle portion, and an intake chamber portion formed between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion, and the nozzle portion to the diffuser portion. In the ejector that ejects high-pressure fluid toward the negative and makes the intake chamber section have a negative pressure, it is equipped with a distance movable means that allows the distance between the nozzle part and the diffuser part to move, and the distance movable means has an annular shape having a cavity inside The elastic body is installed at the tip of the nozzle portion or the diffuser portion, and the interval is made movable by expansion and contraction of the elastic body.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the ejector according to the second aspect of the present invention, the amount of compression is such that the elastic body is not expanded in an air atmosphere in the annular elastic body or the low pressure state is maintained. It is characterized by enclosing a fluid.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the ejector according to the first or second aspect, a guide for restricting the expansion and contraction direction of the annular elastic body is provided.

  Further, in the ejector according to claim 1, the annular elastic body is configured to operate a part of the diffuser portion.

  Further, in the ejector according to claim 2, the annular elastic body is configured to operate a part of the nozzle or the diffuser portion.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the distance movable means for moving the distance between the nozzle part and the diffuser part is fixed at the diameter and position of the nozzle part, and without sacrificing the final ultimate vacuum. The ejector can be operated at the optimum exhaust speed. In addition, since such an effect can be obtained with a simple structure that does not use an actuator or an external control mechanism, adjustment effort and the possibility of failure are low, and a small size and low cost can be realized.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, the interval movable means for moving the interval between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion, the annular elastic body having a cavity inside is installed at the tip of the nozzle portion or the diffuser portion, Since the gap between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion can be moved by the expansion and contraction of the elastic body, the ejector can always be operated where the exhaust speed is optimal without sacrificing the ultimate vacuum. In addition, since such an effect can be obtained with a simple structure that does not use an actuator or an external control mechanism, adjustment effort and the possibility of failure are low, and a small size and low cost can be realized.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, since the elastic body is sealed in the cavity inside the annular elastic body in such an amount that the elastic body is not expanded in an atmospheric atmosphere or the low pressure state is maintained. The body can be expanded and contracted by the internal pressure of the intake chamber.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, since the guide for restricting the expansion / contraction direction of the annular elastic body is installed, the annular elastic body can be expanded and contracted in a predetermined direction, and the nozzle portion and the diffuser are effectively The interval between the parts can be made movable.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing a configuration example of an ejector according to the present invention. As in the conventional example of FIG. 7, the ejector 10 includes a nozzle portion 13, a diffuser portion 14 disposed opposite to the nozzle portion 13, and an intake chamber portion 16 formed between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14. It comprises. Then, by supplying the high-pressure driving fluid 101 from the driving fluid inlet 12 of the ejector body 11, the high-pressure driving fluid 101 converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy at the nozzle portion 13 to increase the flow velocity, and enters the diffuser portion 14. In this case, the suction chamber section 16 becomes negative pressure, sucks gas through the vacuum suction port 17, performs the vacuum suction 102, and is discharged as the discharge fluid 103 together with the drive fluid 101 through the drive fluid outlet 15. To function as a vacuum pump.

  In the ejector 10, an annular elastic body 18 having a cavity 18 a inside is installed at the inlet of the diffuser section 14, and the volume of the cavity 18 a changes due to the ambient pressure, that is, the pressure of the intake chamber section 16. The body 18 expands and contracts, thereby changing the distance between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14 as shown in FIG. Moreover, in order to restrain the direction in which the elastic body 18 expands and contracts, a guide 19 is installed on the outside thereof. As a result, when the pressure in the intake chamber portion 16 is high, the cavity 18a of the elastic body 18 contracts, the volume of the elastic body 18 decreases, and the gap between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14 increases. Conversely, when the pressure in the intake chamber portion 16 is low, the cavity 18a of the elastic body 18 expands to increase the volume of the elastic body 18, and the interval between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14 decreases.

  As described above, when the distance between the nozzle part 13 and the diffuser part 14 is narrow, the exhaust speed is slow, but the final ultimate vacuum is good. Conversely, when the distance between the nozzle part 13 and the diffuser part 14 is large, the exhaust speed is high. It has been confirmed by experiments conducted by the present inventor that the final ultimate vacuum deteriorates. According to the present embodiment, when the pressure on the intake chamber portion 16 side, that is, the vacuum side is high, the volume of the elastic body 18 is reduced, and the interval between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14 is widened, so that the exhaust speed is increased. As the pressure on the vacuum side becomes lower, the volume of the elastic body 18 becomes larger, and the distance between the nozzle portion 13 and the diffuser portion 14 becomes gradually smaller, and an excellent ultimate ultimate vacuum can be obtained. That is, the ejector 10 can be operated where the exhaust speed is optimal without sacrificing the final ultimate vacuum.

  Further, the operation of the elastic body 18 is determined only by the degree of vacuum of the intake chamber section 16, and no actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric motor is required to make the interval between the nozzle section 13 and the diffuser section 14 variable. (Structure) is simple, adjustment work and possibility of failure are low, and miniaturization and cost reduction are possible.

  3 and 4 are cross-sectional views showing other structural examples of the ejector according to the present invention. The present ejector 20 is the same as the ejector 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in that the ejector 20 includes a nozzle portion 23, a diffuser portion 24, and an intake chamber portion 26 formed between the nozzle portion 23 and the diffuser portion 24. The difference is that an annular movable diffuser portion 29 is provided on the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the diffuser portion 24, and the movable diffuser portion 29 is operated by an annular elastic body 28. Then, by supplying the high-pressure driving fluid 101 from the driving fluid inlet 22 of the ejector body 21, the high-pressure driving fluid 101 converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy at the nozzle portion 23 to increase the flow velocity, and enters the diffuser portion 24. In this case, the suction chamber section 26 has a negative pressure, sucks gas through the vacuum suction port 27, performs the vacuum suction 102, and is discharged as the discharge fluid 103 together with the drive fluid 101 through the drive fluid outlet 25. To function as a vacuum pump.

  As described above, the movable diffuser portion 29 is provided on the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the diffuser portion 24, and the movable diffuser portion 29 is configured to be operated by the elastic body 28, whereby the interval between the nozzle portion 23 and the movable diffuser portion 29 is variable. It has become. That is, the position of the movable diffuser 29 is determined by the expansion and contraction of the elastic body 28 due to the pressure in the intake chamber 26, and when the pressure in the intake chamber 26 is high, as shown in FIG. The movable diffuser 29 moves to the right in the drawing, and conversely, when the pressure in the intake chamber 26 is low, the cavity 28a expands and the volume of the elastic body 28 increases as shown in FIG. The part 29 moves in the left direction of the drawing.

  According to this embodiment, when the pressure on the intake chamber portion 26 side, that is, the vacuum side is high, the interval between the nozzle portion 23 and the movable diffuser portion 29 is widened, so that the exhaust speed can be increased, and the vacuum side is reduced to a low pressure. Accordingly, the movable diffuser portion 29 is pushed and moved in the left direction of the drawing due to the expansion of the elastic body, whereby the distance between the nozzle portion 23 and the movable diffuser portion 29 is gradually narrowed, and an excellent final ultimate vacuum can be obtained. That is, the ejector 20 can be operated where the exhaust speed is optimum without sacrificing the final ultimate vacuum.

  5 and 6 are cross-sectional views showing other structural examples of the ejector according to the present invention. The present ejector 30 is the same as the ejector 20 of FIGS. 3 and 4 in that it includes a nozzle portion 33, a diffuser portion 34, and an intake chamber portion 36 formed between the nozzle portion 33 and the diffuser portion 34. The difference is that an annular bracket 39 is provided on the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the diffuser portion 34, and an annular elastic body 38 that expands and contracts in the radial direction is attached to the inner peripheral side of the bracket 39. Then, by supplying the high-pressure driving fluid 101 from the driving fluid inlet 32 of the ejector body 31, the high-pressure driving fluid 101 converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy at the nozzle portion 33, increases the flow velocity, and enters the diffuser portion 34. In this case, the suction chamber section 36 has a negative pressure, sucks gas through the vacuum suction port 37, performs the vacuum suction 102, and is discharged as the discharge fluid 103 together with the drive fluid 101 through the drive fluid outlet 35. And function as a vacuum pump.

  By providing the annular elastic body 38 that expands and contracts in the radial direction on the outer periphery of the distal end portion of the diffuser portion 34 as described above, the elastic body 38 (the elastic body 38 constitutes a part of the diffuser portion 34) and the nozzle portion The interval with the air pressure 33 changes depending on the pressure in the intake chamber 36. That is, when the pressure in the intake chamber section 36 is high, the elastic body 38 contracts as shown in FIG. 5, the interval between the nozzle section 33 and the elastic body 38 increases, and conversely, the pressure in the intake chamber section 36 is low. In such a case, as shown in FIG. When the pressure on the intake chamber portion 36, that is, the vacuum side is high, the interval between the nozzle portion 33 and the elastic body 38 becomes wide, so that the exhaust speed increases, and the elastic body 38 extends in the inner diameter direction as the vacuum side becomes low pressure. The interval between the nozzle portion 33 and the elastic body 38 is gradually narrowed, and an excellent ultimate ultimate vacuum can be obtained. That is, the ejector 30 can be operated at the optimum exhaust speed without sacrificing the final ultimate vacuum.

  In the above embodiment, the elastic body is provided on the diffuser portion side and the diameter and position of the nozzle portion are fixed. However, the elastic body may be provided on the nozzle portion side. The elastic body internal cavity is filled with an amount of compressed fluid that does not expand the elastic body in an air atmosphere or maintains a low pressure state. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the number and shape of the cavity of an elastic body, A porous body may be sufficient.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an absorption refrigerator as an example of an apparatus using the ejector according to the present invention. In the figure, 61 is an absorber, 62 is an evaporator, 63 is a regenerator, 64 is a condenser, 65 is a solution heat exchanger, 66 is a solution pump, and 67 is a refrigerant pump. The diluted solution that has absorbed the refrigerant is introduced from the absorber 61 by the solution pump 66 through the heated side of the solution heat exchanger 65 to the regenerator 63. In the regenerator 63, the solution concentrated by evaporation of the refrigerant from the dilute solution passes through the heating side of the solution heat exchanger 65 and is returned to the absorber 61 to absorb the refrigerant. On the other hand, the evaporated refrigerant is cooled and condensed by the cooling water in the condenser 64 and enters the evaporator 62. In the evaporator 62, the refrigerant is circulated by the refrigerant pump 67 to evaporate. At that time, the evaporation heat is taken from the cold water on the load side through the heat exchanger 72, and the cold water is cooled and supplied to the cooling.

  The absorption refrigerator having the above configuration is an absorption refrigerator using an Li salt aqueous solution or the like as the absorption solution, and hydrogen gas is generated when iron tetroxide is formed on the steel material surface of the refrigerator can body. This hydrogen gas acts as a non-condensable gas and adversely affects the absorption action in the absorber 61. Not only does this not only impede heat transfer in each part but also significantly reduce the refrigeration capacity, but also cause corrosion in the machine and cause malfunctions. There were problems such as waking. Therefore, it is necessary to extract hydrogen gas.

  Therefore, hydrogen gas is extracted from the absorber 61 of the absorption refrigerator using a pipe 71 by an ejector 68 of a circulating absorption solution, introduced into a tank 69 for gas-liquid separation, and hydrogen gas is palladium provided on the upper portion of the tank 69. Go out of the aircraft through cell 70. Thus, by using the ejector according to the present invention for the ejector 68, hydrogen gas can be extracted efficiently and discharged outside the apparatus.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims and the specification and drawings. Is possible.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. Example 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. Example 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. (Example 2) It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. (Example 2) It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. Example 3 It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the ejector which concerns on this invention. Example 3 It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the conventional ejector. It is an example of composition of an absorption refrigerator using an ejector.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Ejector 11 Ejector main body 12 Driving fluid inlet 13 Nozzle part 14 Diffuser part 15 Driving fluid outlet 16 Intake chamber part 17 Vacuum port 18 Elastic body 19 Guide member 20 Ejector 21 Ejector main body 22 Driving fluid inlet 23 Nozzle part 24 Diffuser part 25 Driving fluid Exit 26 Intake chamber portion 27 Vacuum intake port 28 Elastic body 29 Movable diffuser portion 30 Ejector 31 Ejector body 32 Driving fluid inlet 33 Nozzle portion 34 Diffuser portion 35 Driving fluid outlet 36 Intake chamber portion 37 Vacuum intake port 38 Elastic body 39 Bracket 61 Absorption 62 Evaporator 63 Regenerator 64 Condenser 65 Solution heat exchanger 66 Solution pump 67 Refrigerant pump 68 Ejector 69 Tank 70 Palladium cell 71 Pipe 72 Heat exchanger

Claims (4)

A nozzle unit, a diffuser unit disposed opposite to the nozzle unit, and an intake chamber unit formed between the nozzle unit and the diffuser unit, and jets high-pressure fluid from the nozzle unit toward the diffuser unit And in the ejector which makes the said intake chamber part a negative pressure,
An ejector comprising: a distance moving means for fixing the diameter and position of the nozzle portion and making the diffuser portion movable; and moving a distance between the nozzle portion and the diffuser portion. A nozzle unit, a diffuser unit disposed opposite to the nozzle unit, and an intake chamber unit formed between the nozzle unit and the diffuser unit, and jets high-pressure fluid from the nozzle unit toward the diffuser unit And in the ejector which makes the said intake chamber part a negative pressure,
Comprising a gap movable means for moving the gap between the nozzle part and the diffuser part;
The ejector characterized in that the interval moving means is configured to install an annular elastic body having a cavity inside at a tip of the nozzle portion or the diffuser portion, and to move the interval by expansion and contraction of the elastic body. . The ejector according to claim 2, wherein
An ejector characterized in that a compressed fluid in such an amount that does not expand or keep a low pressure state in an air atmosphere is sealed in a cavity inside the annular elastic body. The ejector according to claim 1 or 2,
An ejector comprising a guide for restricting the expansion and contraction direction of the annular elastic body.

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