JP2005289654A - Liquid manure generation method for livestock excreta - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid manure generation method for livestock excreta which is great in treatment capability and therefore necessitates a small aeration tank, does not generate malodor and therefore does not require remedies against the malodor at all, unlike the conventional method. <P>SOLUTION: (1) The liquid manure generation method for the livestock excreta comprises spraying a deodorant/fermentation accelerator to a barn, guiding the livestock excreta of the barn to the aeration tank, and performing microair aeration. (2) The liquid manure generation method for the livestock excreta, as described in (1), wherein the aeration tank has an excreta digestion tank provided with a microorganism immobilizing reef and a liquid manure recovering tank and the bottoms of the respective tanks are provided with microair aeration sections. (3) The liquid manure generation method for the livestock excreta, as described in (1) or in (2), wherein the spraying of the deodorant/fermentation accelerator and the microair aeration are performed by automatic control. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for liquid fertilization of livestock excreta.

Due to the accumulation of livestock excrement and the ripening treatment in the underground pond, groundwater is contaminated by nitrate nitrogen, etc., and the water source of tap water is contaminated by “Cryptosporidium”. It has become. In the agricultural field, nitrate nitrogen is generated by excessive fertilization of livestock manure and nitrogen fertilizer, which can be transferred to plants, and cows can eat the plant and cause nitrate poisoning. In addition, when nitrate nitrogen penetrates into the ground, it causes groundwater contamination, and when people drink that water, hemoglobin in red blood cells is destroyed, making it difficult to breathe (cyanosis). Infants may die. Cryptosporidium is a spore protozoan that infects humans and animals through manure and manure, causing nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. Usually healed in 10-14 days, but in the case of a person with weak resistance, he may die. For example, in 1996, 8800 outbreaks occurred in Saitama Prefecture.
In order to deal with this situation, the “Law on the Management and Use of Livestock Excrements” was enacted by the government in July 1999 for the purpose of optimizing the management of livestock excretion and promoting its use.

なお、表１中のＢＯＤ除去率とは、ＢＯＤの対象となる有機物の除去率のことである。
一方、特許文献１には、本発明で言うマイクロエアーを発生させることができる「空気磁気処理器」に関する考案が開示されており、マイクロエアーが空気の脱臭能力を有し、居室内、冷蔵庫内、自動車の車内などの脱臭に有効であることも記載されている。また、特許文献２（本出願人の出願）には、植物由来の消臭剤兼発酵促進剤（サンインプレス）に関する発明が開示されている。しかしながら、本発明のようにマイクロエアーと消臭剤兼発酵促進剤を組み合わせて畜産排泄物の処理に応用し、従来技術の諸々の問題点を解決することについては何れの文献にも全く開示されていない。 Most of the livestock excrement is used after composting, but composting requires a lot of labor to apply, so cultivated farmers tend to choose chemical fertilizers that are easy to apply.
Therefore, for example, if livestock excrement can be liquefied by some means and applied to green farmland with a power spray device, labor can be reduced, facility management is easier compared with composting plant, and capital investment is extremely small. Although it is an effective use system for livestock excreta, no practical system has been developed yet.
Moreover, there exists a method as shown in Table 1 as a processing method of sewage. The activated sludge method and the biofilm method have very high equipment costs, but the simple aeration method using fertilizer (method to use as fertilizer after treatment) can be installed at a very low cost. However, in order to process only with simple aeration, there exists a problem that a very big aeration tank is needed and the countermeasure against an odor is needed.

In addition, the BOD removal rate in Table 1 is the removal rate of organic substances that are the targets of BOD.
On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a device relating to an “air magnetic processing device” capable of generating micro air as referred to in the present invention. Micro air has a deodorizing ability of air, and is used in a room or refrigerator. It is also described that it is effective for deodorizing the interior of a car. Patent Document 2 (filed by the present applicant) discloses an invention relating to a plant-derived deodorant and fermentation accelerator (Sun Impress). However, it is completely disclosed in any literature about solving various problems of the prior art by applying to the treatment of livestock excrement by combining micro air and deodorant / fermentation accelerator as in the present invention. Not.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-104147 JP 2003-691 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for liquid fertilization of livestock excreta that does not require any conventional odor countermeasures because a processing capacity is large and a small aeration tank is sufficient and no bad odor is generated.

The above problems are solved by the following inventions 1) to 3).
1) A method for liquid fertilization of livestock excrement, characterized in that deodorant and fermentation accelerator are sprayed on a livestock barn, and livestock excrement in the barn is guided to an aeration tank and microair aeration is performed.
2) The livestock excrement according to 1), wherein the aeration tank has a manure digester tank provided with a microorganism-fixed reef and a liquid manure collection tank, and a micro-air aeration section is provided at the bottom of each tank Liquid fertilization method.
3) The method for liquid fertilization of livestock excreta according to 1) or 2), wherein the deodorant and fermentation accelerator are sprayed and micro air aeration is performed automatically.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is characterized in that micro air having a very high oxygen supply capacity and a deodorant / fermentation accelerator are used in combination.
First, micro air will be described.
When air passes through strong magnetic lines of about 1500 gauss or higher at a high speed of about 20 to 30 m / sec, the potential energy of oxygen molecules in the air and monomolecular water (water vapor) increases, and molecular motion also occurs. Accelerated. Air in which potential energy is increased by strong magnetic field lines is referred to as micro air. The magnetic field line strength is about 10,000 gauss at the maximum for rare earth neodymium magnets due to the limitation of the saturation magnetic flux density of the magnetic material, and the maximum magnetic flux density that can be passed through the air gap is attenuated by the magnetic resistance that constitutes the magnetic path. It becomes about Gaussian. A preferable magnetic field line strength for generating micro air is 2000 to 5000 gauss.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the micro air generation mechanism.
When this micro air is aerated into water, oxygen molecules with increased mobility and monomolecular water penetrate into the water molecule group (cluster) that repeats dissociation and scattering at high speed, and the associated molecules form clusters. Since the gas confined in the water is pushed out simultaneously with decreasing the number, the dissolved amount of oxygen molecules (dissolved oxygen amount) increases remarkably. As a result, water comes to exhibit the following physical properties (a) to (e).
(A) A cluster becomes small.
(B) Carbon dioxide and free chlorine gas are removed.
(C) Increase in dissolved oxygen.
(D) Improves permeability and wettability.
(E) The viscosity decreases.

FIG. 2 shows the results of examining the relationship between the aeration time and the dissolved oxygen concentration for micro air that has been passed through magnetic lines having a magnetic path length of 200 mm and a strength of 1500 gauss at a speed of 20 m / sec. The aeration conditions were a water volume of 150 liters, a water temperature of 26 ° C., and an aeration volume of 40 liters / minute. The results of FIG. 2 are described numerically as follows (1) to (3).
(1) After starting aeration, it took 1.7 minutes for micro air and 4 minutes for ordinary air to reach DO (dissolved oxygen concentration) of 3 mg / l (liter).
(2) After starting aeration, it took 5.2 minutes for micro air and 10.2 minutes for ordinary air to reach 6 mg / l, which is the DO required for aerobic environment.
(3) The ultimate saturated DO was 9.6 mg / l for micro air and 8 mg / l for ordinary air (this point is not shown).
From the above results, it can be seen that when micro air is aerated in water, oxygen can be supplied at a rate twice or more faster than when ordinary air is aerated in water.

Next, the deodorant and fermentation accelerator will be described.
In the present invention, a deodorant and fermentation accelerator is effectively used to make it odorless. Considering the influence on environmental pollution, the deodorant and fermentation accelerator is preferably a natural product-derived one rather than a chemical product, and a specific example thereof is extracted from the spinach disclosed in Patent Document 2 mentioned above. Products (trade name “Sun Impress”). In addition, the fermentation promoter said here is a substance which has the effect | action which raises the activity of an aerobic microorganism.
Sun Impress includes kenphenol with odor eliminating effect, quercetin (both flavonoids), ferulic acid with microbial activity, scopoletin with plant growth promoting effect, naphthoquinone with antioxidant effect, parahydroxylone with antibacterial effect In addition to the deodorizing action such as bad breath of drinking, garlic odor, body odor, tobacco odor, garbage odor, livestock odor, etc. It is.
That is, when Sun Impress is sprayed twice a day in the barn space, not only the odor in the barn is removed, but also the sprayed liquid that has fallen on the floor flows into the aeration tank together with the washing water when washing the floor. Since the activity of aerobic microorganisms active in the aeration tank is increased, it is effective for producing liquid fertilizer without odor.
Usually, the main malodorous components are ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, volatile fatty acids and the like. However, when anaerobic conditions (oxygen deficient state) are reached, anaerobic microorganisms play an active role, and these malodorous components increase. In contrast, when treated in an aerobic state, aerobic microorganisms are active and malodorous components are rapidly decomposed.
The aerobic microorganisms consume more and more oxygen as the activity increases, and if this oxygen is supplied rapidly and in large quantities by microair aeration, the activity of the aerobic microorganisms can be further increased.
As mentioned above, micro air has the ability to deodorize air, and Sun Impress has a deodorizing action and a fermentation promoting action, but as described later, livestock sewage derived from livestock excrement has a very heavy load. Since it is large, it is difficult to efficiently liquid fertilize only with micro air or only Sun Impress, and it becomes a practical liquid fertilization method only when both are used together.

Next, the relationship between the characteristics of livestock wastewater derived from livestock excrement and the present invention will be described.
Whether the sewage to be treated is suitable for biological treatment is determined by the ratio of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) to COD (chemical oxygen demand) or TOC (total organic carbon quantity).
In general, if BOD / COD> 1 and BOD / TOC> 1, it is said to be suitable for biological treatment such as activated sludge treatment. In the case of livestock wastewater, the ratio of BOD to COD and TOC is high, so it can be said that the wastewater is suitable for biological treatment.
Moreover, generally the sewage suitable for a water purification process is BOD: N: P = 100: 5: 1 by the density | concentration ratio which made BOD 100. Sewage and the like are close to this concentration ratio, but livestock wastewater has a high nitrogen concentration and is about BOD: N = 100: 20-40. The purification treatment is possible up to about BOD: N = 100: 15, but it is said that the purification treatment becomes difficult when the ratio of nitrogen becomes higher than this.
The standard of the amount of pollutant excreted from livestock in a day is as shown in Table 2. In the case of an adult with a body weight of 60 kg, the amount of excretion is 1.5 (kg / day), and the amount of organic matter subject to BOD (which affects BOD) is 13 (g / day). It can be seen that the amount of pollutants is quite large.
As described above, livestock wastewater has a high organic matter concentration and a large total amount of organic matter contained therein. Therefore, a large amount of oxygen is required for the aerobic microorganisms to perform sufficient activities, and it tends to be deficient in oxygen. However, when micro air aeration is performed, as described above, oxygen can be supplied at a rate twice or more that of normal air, so that no oxygen deficiency occurs.

In addition, when the amount of organic matter that is a target of BOD of pigs is found to be feces 114 (g / day) and urine 18 (g / day), feces account for 88%. Similarly, the swine SS (generic name for organic substances and mud particles floating in water) is feces 418 (g / day), urine 16 (g / day) and feces 97% Occupy. In this way, pollutants are overwhelmingly present in feces. Therefore, if feces are removed from the livestock excrement in advance, pollutants can be greatly reduced, and sewage treatment can be performed relatively easily. However, such treatment requires labor and cost. It is not a fundamental solution because the removed feces must be treated by some means.
However, in the present invention, it is not necessary to remove such feces.
In general sewage, the concentration of organic matter targeted for BOD is around 200 mg / l (liter), but the amount of sewage derived from livestock manure is as high as several thousand to several tens of thousands mg / l.
Taking pigs as an example, the concentration of organic matter targeted for BOD in the manure mixture is 24,000 mg / l. Even if 70% of feces is removed in advance, it is 13000 mg / l, and even if 10-20 liters of control water per head is mixed with this, it becomes only about 2600-5200 mg / l. Therefore, in the normal activated sludge method, it is necessary to add dilution water to further reduce the organic matter concentration that is the target of BOD.
In contrast, in the present invention, no dilution water is required.

In the case of cattle manure, the amount of organic matter targeted for BOD is 800 g / day for one head, and 80 kg / day of treatment is required for 100 breeding houses. The treatment capacity of the activated sludge method is the amount of organic matter that is the target of BOD and is usually about 0.2 kg / m ³ , so an aeration tank with an effective area of 400 m ³ is required. In contrast, the present invention has a processing capacity of at least about 0.4 kg / m ³ and can be processed without any problem, so that the effective area of the aeration tank is about 200 m ³ or less, which is half of the activated sludge method. In addition, since micro air dissolves in water very efficiently, a sufficient aerobic environment can be maintained with a small aeration volume compared to the case of using normal air.
An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The numbers in the figure are dimensions (unit: mm).
FIG. 3 is an example in which the present invention is applied to a barn, and shows a state in which the aeration system of the present invention is attached via a urine relay pit and a collection pipe. (A) is sectional drawing seen from the front, (b) is a top view. The aeration tank connected to the recovery pipe consists of a manure digester tank and a liquid fertilizer recovery tank with an aerobic microorganism fixed reef at the top, and a micro air diffuser pipe at the bottom of the aeration tank and an air supply pipe from the micro air generator (The figure shows an example in which a diffuser tube is provided on the bulkhead). If necessary, a flow rate adjusting valve may be provided at the connection between the air supply pipe and the air diffusion pipe. By providing a microorganism-fixed reef in the manure digester, the ability of aerobic microorganisms is more reliably exhibited, which contributes to the odorless decomposition treatment of manure.
FIG. 4 shows an example of an aeration tank. (A) is a front view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is a right side view. Normally, the aeration tank is made of reinforced concrete with water-resistant mortar inside, and a simple roof is built with vinyl corrugated sheet.
FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show a spray nozzle of Sun Impress and its piping system, FIG. 5 is a bird's eye view showing an outline, and FIG. 6 is a plan view. A sun-impress diluted to a predetermined concentration by an automatic dilution system (not shown) is supplied from a storage tank, and is automatically sprayed by a control mechanism represented by a dynamic spray (power spraying device, for example, a high-pressure pump for spraying) and a control panel. .

  According to the present invention, the combined use of micro air and a deodorant / fermentation accelerator increases the processing capacity of livestock excrement, so a smaller aeration tank is required compared to the conventional case, and no bad odor is generated. It is possible to provide a method for liquid fertilization of livestock excreta that does not require any odor countermeasures.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a reference example demonstrate this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited by an Example.

Example 1
An aeration system as outlined in FIGS. 3 to 6 was constructed for a cowshed with 30 dairy cows.
A nozzle for spraying Sun Impress was installed on the ceiling of the barn. The outline of the piping is as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Branch pipes (15A) are connected to the polyvinyl chloride pipe (25A) connected to the moving jet at intervals of 1.8 m, and nozzles are provided on the branch pipes. .
Separately, dynamic injection, that is, a high pressure pump for spraying Sun Impress (1.5 kW: 40 liters / min at 2 Mpa), an automatic dilution system for Sun Impress's undiluted solution (dilution rate 300 times, undiluted solution consumption: 8 liters / month), automatic spraying A control device (spraying time: twice a day for 1 minute each) and a micro air generator (3.7 kW: 3 m ³ / min at 0.05 Mpa) were provided.
The aeration tank was made of reinforced concrete with water-resistant mortar finish on the inner surface. The aeration tank was 8m long, 2m wide and 2m deep (effective depth), and the roof of the aeration tank was a wooden building with vinyl corrugated board enclosure.
The total amount of floor washing water and manure was 3 m ³ / day, and the BOD was 8000 ppm.
One liter of liquid fertilizer obtained by operating the aeration system and the raw material of the liquid fertilizer (cow manure) before treatment were placed in a plastic container having a capacity of 2 liters, and the headspace gas was measured after about 1 hour. The results are shown in Table 3.
For the measurement of the “odor sensor value” in the table, a portable odor sensor XP-329 (manufactured by New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd.) was used. The “odor sensor value” is a value obtained by subtracting 50 of the base value (measurement room air). “Pleasure / discomfort” is a value according to the “9-step pleasure / discomfort display method” shown in Table 4. For the “gas concentration”, a detector tube (manufactured by Gastec) was used. ND indicates no detection (no discoloration). “Odor concentration” is a value obtained by the three-point comparative odor bag method. The three-point comparative odor bag method prepares three bags, puts air collected in one, odorless air in the other two, and puts the collected air in six panelists. It is a method that repeats until the concentration of collected air is gradually diminished while it becomes indistinguishable. There is a relationship shown in Table 5 between the odor intensity and the odor concentration.
As can be seen from Table 3, the liquid fertilizer obtained by the treatment of the method of the present invention showed very good results for each item, and as shown in the section of “odor quality”, the smell of liquid fertilizer It was very thin and almost no smell (a slight ammonia odor but no other smells).

Reference Example For the barn that was the target of Example 1, the sun impress was sprayed twice a day for 1 minute and when it was not sprayed, and the air at 200 mm above the floor in the center of the barn was smelled (implemented) The same as in Example 1). The results are shown in Table 6.

The figure which shows typically the generation | occurrence | production mechanism of micro air. The figure which shows the result of having investigated the relationship between micro air aeration time and the amount of dissolved oxygen. The figure which shows the example which attached the aeration system of this invention to the cowshed through the manure collection groove | channel. (A) is sectional drawing seen from the front, (b) is a top view. The figure which shows an aeration tank. (A) is a front view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is a right side view. The bird's-eye view which shows the outline | summary of the spray nozzle of Sun Impress, and its piping system. The top view which shows the spray nozzle of Sun Impress, and its piping system.

Claims (3)

  A method for liquid fertilization of livestock excreta, characterized in that a deodorant and fermentation accelerator is sprayed on a livestock barn, and livestock excrement in the barn is guided to an aeration tank and microair aeration is performed.   The livestock excrement according to claim 1, wherein the aeration tank has a manure digestion tank provided with a microorganism-fixed reef and a liquid manure collection tank, and a micro air aeration section is provided at the bottom of each tank. Liquid fertilization method. The method for liquid fertilization of livestock excrement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deodorant and fermentation accelerator is sprayed and micro air aeration is automatically controlled.

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