JP2005281534A - Heavy oil a for cold district and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heavy oil A for cold districts excellent in low temperature fluidity and causing no trouble in using the same in the cold district even when a mixing ratio of kerosene cut is brought to be low, and a method for producing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The heavy oil A for cold districts contains ≤5 mass% paraffin with ≤14C and ≤0.2 mass% normal paraffin with ≥25C, ≤0.5 mass% wax at -15°C having ≤-9°C clouding point and ≤0.5 mass% wax at a temperature 5°C lower than the clouding point, and has 3.0-5.5 mm<SP>2</SP>/s kinematic viscosity at 50°C, ≤80 mm<SP>2</SP>/s kinematic viscosity at -10°C and ≥45 cetane index. The method for preparing the heavy oil A for cold districts is to blend ≥25 vol.% dewaxed gas oil base material, 30-50 vol.% dewaxed heavy gas oil base material and 0-10 vol.% kerosene base material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cold region A heavy oil used in Hokkaido in winter and a method for producing the A heavy oil.

  A heavy oil is a heavy oil whose quality is generally defined as one of JIS K 2205 (heavy oil), mainly small, medium diesel engines, boilers and ceramics, various furnaces for metal refining, etc. Used for fuel. A heavy oil is produced by appropriately mixing a base material composed of a light oil fraction, a heavy light oil base stock fraction, or a kerosene fraction and a residual coal modifier such as residual oil. When shipping A heavy oil in winter, especially for cold regions, mixing a large amount of base material made of kerosene fraction with relatively good low-temperature fluidity and mixing of base material made of dewaxed gas oil fraction (For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2).

On the other hand, mixing a large amount of kerosene fraction with heavy oil A causes a shortage of kerosene supply in the winter, which is the kerosene demand period, so the minimum kerosene fraction required to maintain low temperature fluidity is mixed. It is desired. On the other hand, it has been found that mixing a large amount of dewaxed gas oil base increases viscosity at low temperatures and deposits a relatively small amount of wax, which can easily cause the suction filter of the fuel supply pump to be clogged. .
JP 2002-327184 A JP 2001-279272 A

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem, and even when the mixing ratio of the kerosene fraction is suppressed, it is excellent in low-temperature fluidity and does not interfere with use in cold regions, and A heavy oil for cold regions and its An object is to provide a manufacturing method.

  As a result of diligent research in order to solve this problem, the present inventors have used a specific dewaxed light oil base material and a specific dewaxed heavy light oil base material in combination, so that the amount of wax precipitation and the low temperature are reduced. It was found that A heavy oil for cold districts excellent in fluidity at low temperatures can be produced while suppressing increase in viscosity, and such A heavy oil is suitable for use in cold districts.

That is, the present invention
(1) The content of normal paraffin having 14 or less carbon atoms is 5% by mass or less, the content of normal paraffin having 25 or more carbon atoms is 0.2% by mass or less, the cloud point is −9 ° C. or less, and the amount of wax at −15 ° C. 0.5% by mass or less, the wax amount at a temperature 5 ° C. lower than the cloud point is 0.5% by mass or less, the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 3.0 to 5.5 mm ² / s, and the kinematic viscosity at −10 ° C. A heavy oil for cold regions having a cetane index of 45 or more and 80 mm ² / s or less,
(2) The cooling according to (1) above, comprising mixing 25% by volume or more of dewaxed light oil base, 30 to 50% by volume of dewaxed heavy light oil base, and 0 to 10% by volume of kerosene base. This is a method for producing a ground corresponding A heavy oil.

  With the above configuration, the A heavy oil for cold districts of the present invention is a fuel that ensures excellent low-temperature fluidity without almost blending the kerosene fraction base material, and is used in diesel engines, boilers, and various industrial furnaces. Useful as fuel.

  The cold region A heavy oil of the present invention can be produced by blending 25% by volume or more of the dewaxed light oil base, 30 to 50% by volume of the dewaxed heavy light oil base, and 0 to 10% by volume of the kerosene base. .

[Dewaxed gas oil base]
The blending amount of the dewaxed gas oil base is 25% by volume or more, preferably 30 to 90% by volume, more preferably 50 to 80% by volume. The dewaxed gas oil base is a so-called gas oil fraction, specifically, a 10% distillation temperature of 230 to 270 ° C, a 90% distillation temperature of 310 to 360 ° C, particularly a 10% distillation temperature of 240 to 260 ° C, 90%. % Distillation temperature is 330-350 ° C. The cloud point is preferably −10 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably −14 ° C. or lower. The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is preferably 2.0 to 4.0 mm ² / s, particularly preferably 2.5 to 3.5 mm ² / s.

  The dewaxed gas oil base material is obtained by dewaxing a gas oil fraction distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, a vacuum distillation apparatus, a hydrocracking apparatus, a thermal cracking apparatus, etc. by a dewaxing step, preferably a catalytic dewaxing process. is there. Furthermore, a desulfurized dewaxed gas oil base material (also referred to as a dewaxed desulfurized gas oil base material) obtained by hydrotreating before the dewaxing process or by performing the dewaxing process after hydrorefining is preferable. The sulfur content contained in the material is preferably 500 ppm or less, particularly 50 ppm or less.

  The dewaxing process uses a special catalyst such as Pt-H-mordenite and synthetic zeolite to selectively hydrocrack normal paraffins and paraffins with few side chains in the feedstock, and has excellent low-temperature fluidity. As a process for obtaining a light oil base material, for example, BP catalytic dewaxing method described in “New Petroleum Refining Process” edited by Petroleum Society, MDDW method, FTZ method and the like are known. In the dewaxing step for obtaining the dewaxed light oil base material and dewaxed heavy light oil base material used in the present invention, the process, feedstock oil, and operating conditions are not particularly limited, and any known apparatus is adopted. it can.

[Dewaxed heavy gas oil base]
The blending amount of the dewaxed heavy gas oil base is 30 to 50% by volume, preferably 30 to 45% by volume, more preferably 30 to 40% by volume. The dewaxed heavy gas oil base is a so-called heavy gas oil fraction, specifically, a 10% distillation temperature of 230 to 300 ° C, a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C or higher, particularly a 10% distillation temperature of 250 to 290. And a 90% distillation temperature of 360 ° C. or higher. The cloud point is preferably 0 ° C. or lower, particularly −5 ° C. or lower. The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is preferably 2.0 to 20.0 mm ² / s, particularly preferably 2.5 to 15.0 mm ² / s.

  The dewaxed heavy gas oil base material is obtained by removing the heavy gas oil fraction distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, a vacuum distillation apparatus, a hydrocracking apparatus, a thermal cracking apparatus, etc., as described above, preferably a catalytic dewaxing process. Is dewaxed.

[Kerosene base material]
The blending amount of the kerosene base material is 10% by volume or less, preferably 5% by volume or less. The kerosene base material is a so-called kerosene fraction, specifically, a 10% distillation temperature of 180 to 230 ° C, a 90% distillation temperature of 240 to 280 ° C, particularly a 10% distillation temperature of 190 to 220 ° C, and a 90% distillation. The temperature is 250 to 270 ° C. Further, the cloud point is preferably 0 ° C. or less, particularly preferably −5 ° C. or less. The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is preferably 1.0 to 4.0 mm ² / s, particularly preferably 1.2 to 3.5 mm ² / s. The kerosene base material is a kerosene fraction distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, a vacuum distillation apparatus, a hydrocracking apparatus, a thermal decomposition apparatus, etc., preferably a so-called straight-run kerosene obtained from an atmospheric distillation apparatus. .

[Remaining coal modifier]
As the residual carbon adjuster, normal pressure residual oil, reduced pressure residual oil, and the like are blended so that the residual carbon content is in a range that satisfies the standard of the predetermined heavy oil A.

[Other base materials]
In addition to the above-mentioned dewaxed light oil base, dewaxed heavy light oil base, kerosene base and residual coal modifier, the production of A heavy oil of the present invention includes a light oil base other than the dewaxed light oil base, dewaxing A heavy gas oil base other than the heavy gas oil base can be used, and these are not subjected to a dewaxing step. The blending amount of these base materials is preferably 30% by volume or less, particularly 20% by volume or less, and more preferably 10% by volume or less.

As such a light oil base material and heavy light oil base material,
(1) Straight-run diesel oil / straight-run heavy diesel oil obtained from atmospheric distillation equipment,
(2) Desulfurized diesel oil / desulfurized heavy diesel oil obtained by hydrodesulfurizing straight-run diesel oil / straight-run heavy diesel oil,
(3) Direct degassing light oil / direct deuterium light oil obtained from heavy oil direct desulfurization equipment,
(3) Degasified light oil / degasified heavy gas oil obtained from heavy oil indirect desulfurization equipment,
(4) Catalytic cracking light oil / catalytic cracking heavy light oil obtained from a catalytic cracking apparatus, and (5) Hydrocracking light oil / hydrocracking heavy light oil, and the like.

[A heavy oil for cold regions]
The heavy fuel oil A of the present invention has a normal paraffin content of 14 or less carbon atoms of 5% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and contains a normal paraffin having 25 or more carbon atoms. The amount is not more than 0.2% by mass, preferably not more than 0.1% by mass, particularly preferably not more than 0.02% by mass.

  A cloud point is -9 degrees C or less, Preferably it is -10 degrees C or less. The amount of wax at −15 ° C. is 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, particularly 0.1 to 0.3% by mass. The amount of wax at a temperature 5 ° C. lower than the cloud point is 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass.

Kinematic viscosity 3.0~5.5mm ² / s at 50 ° C., preferably 3.5~5.5mm ² / s, particularly 4.0~5.0mm ² / s are preferred. The kinematic viscosity at −10 ° C. is 80 mm ² / s or less, preferably 25 to 75 mm ² / s, particularly preferably 30 to 60 mm ² / s. The cetane index is 45 or more, preferably 45 to 60, particularly 50 to 55.

In the heavy oil for cold regions of the present invention, the wax amount at −15 ° C. is 0.5% by mass or less, and the kinematic viscosity at −10 ° C. is 80 mm ² / s or less. Oil storage in cold regions such as Hokkaido in winter Low temperature fluidity can be maintained when shipping from tanks to onshore tank trucks and ocean vessels.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  A heavy oils of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared using the following base materials, and properties of each A heavy oil were measured and performance was evaluated.

(1) Indirect desulfurized gas oil base material: A desulfurized light oil base material obtained by subjecting a vacuum gas oil fraction obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue oil to a vacuum indirect desulfurization apparatus, a sulfur content of 390 ppm, an initial boiling point of 180.5 The kinematic viscosity is 11.93 mm ² / s at 10 ° C., 10% distillation temperature 215 ° C., 90% distillation temperature 349.5 ° C., end point 388 ° C., cloud point −5 ° C., 50 ° C.

(2) Straight-run kerosene base: A kerosene base consisting of a kerosene fraction distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, having a sulfur content of 0.3% by mass, an initial boiling point of 180.5 ° C., and a 10% distillation temperature of 209 The kinematic viscosity is 1.30 mm ² / s at 90 ° C., a 90% distillation temperature of 262.5 ° C., an end point of 295.5 ° C., a cloud point of −40 ° C., and a temperature of 50 ° C.

(3) Dewaxed heavy gas oil base material: A dewaxed heavy gas oil base material obtained by hydrodewaxing a heavy gas oil fraction distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, and having a sulfur content of 1.95. Mass%, initial distillation point 149.0 ° C., 10% distillation temperature 271.5 ° C., 90% distillation temperature 400 ° C. or more, end point 400 ° C. or more, cloud point −7 ° C., kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. 11.93 mm ² / S.

(4) Dewaxed desulfurized gas oil base material: A dewaxed gas oil base material obtained by hydrowaxing and dewaxing light oil distilled from an atmospheric distillation apparatus, with a sulfur content of 30 ppm and an initial boiling point of 192 The kinematic viscosity is 3.11 mm ² / s at 0.5 ° C., 10% distillation temperature 249.5 ° C., 90% distillation temperature 346 ° C., end point 372.5 ° C., cloud point −16 ° C., 50 ° C.

(5) Catalytic cracked light oil: A light oil base material distilled from a fluid catalytic cracker, having a sulfur content of 0.44% by mass, an initial distillation point of 180 ° C., a 10% distillation temperature of 239 ° C., and a 90% distillation temperature of 347. The kinematic viscosity is 2.67 mm ² / s at 50 ° C., the end point 370.5 ° C., the cloud point −4 ° C., and 50 ° C.

(6) Residual oil (residual coal modifier): normal pressure residual oil: a fraction obtained as a bottom component from an atmospheric distillation tower, with a residual carbon content of 13.5 mass% and a sulfur content of 4.3 mass %, The kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. was 1572 mm ² / s.

  The above base materials were mixed at a blending ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare A heavy oils of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.

  Subsequently, the wax content and low-temperature viscosity of each prepared heavy oil A were measured and evaluated according to the following measuring method. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Physical property test]
(1) Cloud point: Measured according to JIS K-2269.
(2) Wax amount: 20 ml of the sample was cooled to the measurement temperature, and the precipitated wax was collected in a Millipore filter (pore diameter 5.0 μm, diameter 47 mm) by suction filtration. The filter was washed and dried with 2-butanone, and the amount of wax was determined as the weight of the precipitated wax. As measurement temperature, it measured at -15 degreeC and the temperature 5 degreeC lower than a cloud point (cloud point -5 degreeC).
(3) Cetane index: calculated according to JIS K-2280.
(4) Paraffin: measured in accordance with JIS K-2536.
(5) Viscosity: Conforms to JIS K-2283.

[Low temperature fluidity test]
The low temperature fluidity was tested and evaluated in accordance with the Petroleum Institute standard (JPI-5S-47-96) A heavy oil low temperature fluidity test method (actual machine simulation method). This test simulates the type of strainer installed outside the house with a house-cultivated warm air machine. The sample is allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in an air hot bath at 20 to 25 ° C., and then 15 L is put into a 20 L pail can. Then, while stirring at a rotational speed of 150 ± 50 rpm, the temperature is lowered to a temperature 8 ° C. higher than the cloud point, and further cooled at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./hr, and the stirring is stopped after 3 hours and continued to an arbitrary test temperature. And cool. When the desired temperature is reached, stirring is performed for 2 hours, the spray pump is driven, and oil passage to a 100 mesh strainer (filtration area 47 ± 3 cm ² ) is started. When the gauge pressure at the strainer outlet during oil passage for 60 minutes is maintained at -33 kPa or more, it is judged as a pass, and when it reaches less than -33 kPa, it is judged as fail.

Claims (2)

The content of normal paraffin having 14 or less carbon atoms is 5% by mass or less, the content of normal paraffin having 25 or more carbon atoms is 0.2% by mass or less, the cloud point is −9 ° C. or less, and the amount of wax at −15 ° C. is 0. 0.5% by mass or less, the wax amount at a temperature 5 ° C. lower than the cloud point is 0.5% by mass or less, the kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 3.0 to 5.5 mm ² / s, and the kinematic viscosity at −10 ° C. is 80 mm ^2. A heavy oil for cold regions having a cetane index of 45 or more.   The cold region-adaptive A according to claim 1, comprising at least 25% by volume of a dewaxed gas oil base, 30-50% by volume of a dewaxed heavy gas oil base, and 0-10% by volume of a kerosene base. Production method of heavy oil.