JP2005278523A - Microorganism carrying material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microorganism carrying material avoiding the environmental conservation problem of the residue of carrier in an extended slow-acting fertilizer, keeping sufficient water-absorption and water retention, developing good fermentation culture property in the production of extended slow-acting fertilizer, and giving an extended slow-acting fertilizer exhibiting excellent performance as a fermentation material such as the decomposition and composting of organic materials. <P>SOLUTION: The purpose can be achieved by a microorganism carrying material prepared by impregnating an organic carrier obtained by mixing a cellulose sponge having an apparent density of 0.025-0.05 [g(dry)/cm<SP>3</SP>(wet)] with a cellulose sponge having an apparent density of 0.025-0.05 [g(dry)/cm<SP>3</SP>(wet)], preferably a cellulose sponge, in an amount of ≥5 wt.% in dried state with an aqueous solution of microorganisms, and carrying out the fermentation culture of the microorganism. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a material on which microorganisms are supported, and more specifically to a microorganism-supporting material obtained by impregnating a microorganism culture solution into an organic carrier mixed with cellulose sponge and subjecting it to fermentation culture.

  Microorganisms are generally added to an aqueous medium and marketed. This microorganism-containing culture solution is effective as an undiluted solution for producing a blur fertilizer such as an environmental purification effect of drainage and an agrochemical-free fertilizer source. When used in the manufacture of Bokashi fertilizer, the culture medium is mixed and impregnated as a carrier material in organic matter such as grain husks, rice husks, coconut husks, buckwheat husks, etc. It is known to perform fermentation culture (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

As an improvement measure against this, it is possible to use a porous inorganic carrier such as foundry sand, ceramics, concrete pieces, sludge sand, brick, glass fiber, rock wool, tile, perlite, waste clay, incinerator ash, etc. in combination with organic matter. Known (for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-328682 JP 2002-306158 A JP 2002-121092 A JP 2003-199434 A

  In the case of conventional microorganism-carrying materials, especially Bokashi fertilizer, the above organic substance used as a carrier substance alone is (1) insufficient water absorption and water retention, and (2) the presence of voids necessary for colonization of microorganisms is insufficient. The balance between aerobic and anaerobic for breeding was poor, and it was necessary for fermentation culture for a long time, and (3) it was not satisfactory because there were problems such as small effect as expected bog fertilizer .

  When the inorganic carrier is used together as in the above-described conventional technology, these inorganic substances are usually extremely difficult to decompose in nature, and the inorganic carrier itself remains in the blurry fertilizer and further accumulates in the soil in the long term. There was a problem.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to retain sufficient water absorption and water retention, have good fermentation culture properties during production, and have been obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a microorganism-carrying material that can exhibit excellent performance as a fermentation material for decomposition and composting of organic matter.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention can improve fermentation culture properties when preparing a microorganism-supporting material, and eagerly search for a combination with a material that can be biodegraded in a natural environment, and has the following configuration. We found that elemental technology is extremely effective.
That is, as the microorganism-supporting material according to the present invention,
1. A microorganism-supporting material in which microorganisms fermented and cultured on an organic material carrier are fixed, wherein the organic material carrier contains 5% by weight or more of cellulose sponge,
2. The above microorganism-supporting material, wherein the cellulose sponge has an apparent density at a water content of 60% by weight of 0.025 to 0.05 [g (dry) / cm ³ (wet)],
3. Cellulose sponge has an average pore diameter of 0.3 to 3.5 mm and a maximum water content of 20 to 35 [g (water) / g (dry)],
4). Fertilizer, soil conditioner, fermentation starter / accelerator, deodorant, wastewater cleaner, ginger cleaner, river / lake cleaner and air cleaner,
As a method for producing a microorganism-supporting material,
6). A method for producing a microorganism-supporting material, comprising impregnating a microorganism carrier with an organic substance carrier in which a cellulose sponge is mixed in an amount of 5% by weight or more by dry weight, followed by fermentation culture;
7). Production of the microorganism-supporting material, wherein the microorganism culture solution is a culture solution containing [A]; natto, [B]; yeast, [C]; Method,
8). The method for producing any one of the above microorganism-supporting materials, wherein the cellulose sponge has an apparent density at a water content of 60% by weight of 0.025 to 0.05 [g (dry) / cm ³ (wet)].
9. The method for producing any one of the above microorganism-supporting materials, wherein the cellulose sponge has an average pore size of 0.3 to 3.5 mm and a maximum water content of 20 to 35 [g (water) / g (dry)],
10. The cell number ratio of the microorganism group in the microorganism culture solution is in the range of [A]: [B]: [C] = 1: 10 ¹ to 10 ⁵ : 10 ² to 10 ⁶ , A method for producing any microorganism-supporting material,
11. The microorganism-supporting material is any one of the above-mentioned microorganism-supporting materials, wherein the microorganism-supporting material is any one of fertilizers, soil improvers, fermentation starters / accelerators, deodorants, wastewater cleaners, ginger cleaners, river / lake cleaners, and air cleaners. It is a manufacturing method.

  According to the present invention, microorganisms propagated vigorously by mixing and including a cellulosic sponge having voids necessary for colonization of microorganisms is established, fertilizer, soil improver, fermentation start / accelerator, deodorant In addition, it is possible to advantageously obtain a public organic substance carrier such as a waste water purification agent, a sacrifice purification agent, a river / lake purification agent and an air purification agent.

In the present invention, the cellulosic sponge used as part or all of the organic carrier contains cellulose by half or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more. The structure may be sponge-like, that is, a porous body, and the porous structure may be any one of a communicating hole body, a non- communicating hole body, and a mixture of communicating holes and non- communicating holes. The function that the porous body absorbs moisture and expands to form voids is a preferable function for fixing microorganisms. As the characteristics of the cellulose sponge, the apparent density at a moisture content of 60% by weight is 0.025 to 0.05 [g (dry) / cm ³ (wet)], and the average pore diameter is 0.3. It is preferable that the maximum water content is 20 to 35 [g (water) / g (dry)]. When these properties are within the above ranges, the microorganisms are well fixed on the cellulose sponge during the secondary culture, and the performance as the microorganism-supporting material of the present invention is further improved.

  In addition, the shape of the cellulose sponge is not particularly limited, and rectangular, dice, spherical, other irregular shapes, a mixture of these shapes, and the like can be used. As long as the handling surface and the mixing surface with other organic carriers do not interfere with the microorganism-supporting material as a result, the maximum length is preferably about 1 to 100 mm, particularly about 5 to 50 mm. Is preferred.

  Other organic carriers that can be mixed with the above cellulose sponge and are optional components are not particularly limited, but are biodegradable in the natural environment and have microbial fixability, and are inexpensive and easily available. Preferred are, for example, grain husks such as rice husk, buckwheat husk, rice bran, coconut husk, wood waste, large sawdust, sugarcane stem waste, rice straw, wheat straw, cotton natural fibers, dead grass, fallen leaves, paper waste, etc. Examples include food manufacturing wastes, and these organic substances can be used alone or in a mixture of two or more.

  Furthermore, the content of the cellulose sponge in the organic carrier may be considered so as to maintain water absorption, water retention, microbial fixation, secondary culture, etc. in combination with other organic substances to be used. Therefore, the blending amount of the cellulose sponge having the above characteristics is preferably 5% by weight or more by dry weight, more preferably 10% by weight or more, and further preferably 80% by weight or more based on the total organic carrier.

  Preferred examples of the fermentation-cultured microorganism group fixed on the microorganism-supporting material are microorganisms for food production, for example, for producing foods such as natto, alcohols, vinegar, soy sauce, yogurt, specifically Examples include natto, yeast, koji, lactic acid, and acetic acid.

  In order to sufficiently enhance the above-described effects in the present invention, it is preferable to use a combination of three types of microorganisms: [A]; natto, [B]; yeast, [C];

  [A] of the present invention is preferably a Bacillus genus such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus licheniformis, etc. Further preferred.

  [B] of the present invention is a yeast classified into the spore yeast family, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum, Saccharomyces diastaticus, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Shizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia membpo Candida utilis, Trichosporon sp. And the like are preferable, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercially available as baker's yeast is more preferable.

  Lactobacillus delbrukii, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus pentoacetius, and the like, Lactobacillus pentoacetius, which is easily obtained as an inoculum for Lactobacillus pentoacetius Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are more preferable.

From the viewpoint of performance when using microorganism-supporting material as a fermenting material for decomposition and composting, or as a fertilizer for soil improvement materials, deodorizing materials, etc., the above microorganism group in the microorganism culture solution The ratio is preferably [A]: [B]: [C] = 1: 10 ¹ to 10 ⁵ : 10 ² to 10 ⁶ , particularly preferably 1:10 ² to 10 ⁴ : 10 ³ to 10 ⁵ .

  The microorganism culture solution impregnated in the organic carrier containing the cellulose sponge of the present invention is obtained by culturing the above-mentioned microorganism group by adding a nutrient source, and this culture is not particularly limited and may be a normal method, for example, First, a predetermined amount of saccharides such as molasses and syrup are dissolved in room temperature water in a container that can be heated and mixed with the whole liquid, [A]; natto, [B]; yeast, [C] Each of which is added and mixed with a predetermined amount of lactic acid bacteria, and the whole aqueous solution is warmed for about 3 days under a condition of keeping at about 37 ° C. while gently stirring, and the total number of microbial groups per 1 ml of the culture is cultured to 1 million or more There is a method.

  The microorganism culture solution used for the production of the microorganism-supporting material of the present invention can be used as long as it is in a culture solution state in which environmentally purified microorganisms are cultured. For example, in addition to the combinations described in Examples described later, the environmental purification microorganism “Ehime AI-1” developed by Ehime Industrial Technology Center can be applied.

   Next, the secondary culturing method carried out after impregnating the above-mentioned microorganism culture solution into an organic substance carrier is not particularly limited and is carried out by a usual method. For example, put a predetermined amount of cellulose sponge and other organic matter in a container that can be sealed almost without touching the outside air, mix the whole, and add a predetermined amount of microbial culture solution and nutrient molasses prepared beforehand. After the mixed solution is uniformly impregnated into the whole organic carrier, the container is sealed. The entire container is fermented over about a week while properly degassing under a temperature maintaining condition of about 40 ° C. Incidentally, in order to appropriately perform this secondary culture, it is preferable to keep the temperature maintaining conditions of the whole container charged with all the raw materials in the range of 30 to 45 ° C, preferably 35 to 40 ° C. Moreover, as for the charge ratio of each raw material, 1 to 6 parts by weight of a microorganism culture solution, 1 to 3 parts by weight of a nutrient source such as molasses, and an organic substance in which a cellulose sponge having the above characteristics is mixed by 5% by weight or more by dry weight It is preferable to prepare the carrier in the range of 1 to 6 parts by weight.

  Due to the high activity of the microorganisms, the microorganism-supporting material with such a structure is fertilizer, soil improver, fermentation starter / accelerator, deodorant, wastewater cleaner, ginger cleaner, river / lake cleaner, air cleaner. Can be used in the preparation. Note that the microorganism-carrying material of the present invention may contain an organic substance or an inorganic substance that does not carry microorganisms in addition to the organic substance carrier, as long as the use permits.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In this example, the microorganism group ratio in the microorganism culture solution, the moisture content of the cellulose sponge, the apparent density, the average pore diameter, the maximum moisture content, and the deodorization test of the microorganism-supporting material were determined by the following method. Is.

(1) Microbe group cell number ratio 10 μl of microorganism culture solution collected with a micropipette is hung on a slide with slits (slits with a spacing of 0.1 mm in a 10 mm frame) and then covered with a cover glass to give a magnification of 400 × And the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and natto bacteria present per slit (1 mm ² ) is counted.

(2) Moisture content The weight of the wet cellulose sponge before drying is measured (Ag), then the weight of the sample after drying for 6 hours at 105 ° C. in a dryer (Bg) is Moisture content (wt%) = (A−B) × 100 / A
Calculate from

(3) Apparent density After the wet cellulose sponge is dried at 105 ° C. for 6 hours, it is cooled to room temperature (about 23 ° C.) in a desiccator to obtain a dry cellulose sponge. A weight of a sample prepared by cutting the dried product into a cube having a side length of 5 cm is measured (Cg). Next, after impregnating this cubic sample with water to prepare a moisture content of 60% by weight, the dimensions of each surface were measured to calculate the volume of the moisture sample (Dcm3).
Apparent density [g (dry) / cm3 (wet)] = C / D
Ask from.

(4) Average pore diameter A cellulose sponge sample prepared to a moisture content of 60% by weight in advance was cut with a sharp blade, and 50 pores on the cut surface were randomly extracted to obtain the equivalent circle diameter (diameter of the pores). ) And the average value is taken as the average pore.

(5) Maximum moisture content A cellulose sponge in a wet state is cut into cubes with a side length of 5 cm, the sample is defoamed in room temperature water, immersed for 5 minutes, taken out, left on a wire mesh for 1 minute, and immediately weighted. Is measured (Eg). Next, this sample was dehydrated at 850 rpm for 5 minutes, then dried at 105 ° C. for 6 hours, measured in a desiccator at room temperature (Fg), and the maximum water content [g (water ) / G (dry)] = (E−F) / E
Ask from.

(6) Deodorization test Ammonia prepared at a concentration of 1000 mg / L using a 28-30% ammonia water reagent (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in a 1000 ml container with a lid having an inner diameter of about 9 cm and a height of about 17 cm. 400 ml of an aqueous solution was added. 80 g of the microorganism-supporting material produced in each example and comparative example was added and immersed there, and the mixture was gently mixed. After leaving the container covered for 5 minutes at room temperature, the cover was opened and 5 cm above the liquid level. The gas phase portion was measured for ammonia gas concentration by a gas detector tube method (Kitakawa gas collector AP-20 and ammonia gas detector tube 2.5 to 1000 mg / L, manufactured by Komyo Chemical Co., Ltd.).

  Hereinafter, in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, the type of the organic substance carrier is changed, and a manufacturing example of Bokasi fertilizer that is a microorganism-supporting material using the environmentally purified microorganism “Ehime AI-1” as a microorganism culture solution, The performance test example of Bokashi fertilizer which is a microorganism-supporting material obtained from these production examples is shown. In addition, all the preparation ratios in the examples are shown by weight ratio.

[Example 1]
Apparent density under water content of 60% by weight: 0.03 [g (dry) / cm3 (wet)], average pore diameter: 1.8 mm, maximum water content: 31 [g (water) / g (dry)] Using 100% by weight of an amorphous cut product of dry cellulose sponge with the longest diameter of 30 mm as the characteristic organic carrier as the total organic substance carrier, and charging it into a sealed container at the charging rate shown in Table 1, the entire container is degassed. Fermentation culture was performed at a temperature of 40 ° C., and “microorganism-supporting material: i” having a rich alcohol odor in about 3 days was obtained.

[Example 2]
As an organic carrier, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 50% by weight of the dry cellulose sponge used in Example 1 and 50% by weight of rice bran were used for other organic substances. Microorganism carrying material: B ”was obtained.

[Example 3]
As an organic substance carrier, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15% by weight of the dry cellulose sponge used in Example 1 and 50% by weight of rice bran used in Example 1 and 35% by weight of rice husk were used as other organic substances. In about 4 days, “microorganism-supporting material: C” having a rich alcohol odor was obtained.

[Comparative Example 1]
As an organic carrier, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 50% by weight of rice bran used in Examples 2 and 3 and 50% by weight of rice husk used in Example 3 were used. Microbe-supporting material: D ”was obtained.

[Examples 4, 5, 6], [Comparative Examples 2, 3]
Table 2 shows the results of the deodorization test using the “microorganism-supporting materials 1 to 2” obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 in comparison with the blank (no added microorganism-supporting material).
Also from the test results regarding the deodorizing property, it was confirmed that the microorganism-carrying material mixed with the cellulose sponge of the present invention is highly effective.

[Example 7]
When observing how each of the samples of “microorganism-supporting materials 1 to 2” obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 was buried in natural soil and decomposed, it was about 5 months after being embedded in the soil. In all the samples, it was confirmed that the shape of the organic carrier at the start was broken and not held, and was in the form of small pieces and powder. From this phenomenon result, it can be determined that the biodegradation was satisfactorily caused by bacteria in the soil.

  The microorganism-carrying material of the present invention has high biodegradability, so that there are few problems with remaining carriers in environmental conservation, and water absorption and water retention are good. Fertilizers such as bokeh fertilizer, soil improver, and fermentation start -It can be used as an accelerator, deodorant, wastewater cleaner, ginger cleaner, river / lake cleaner, and air cleaner.

Claims (4)

A microorganism-carrying material in which microorganisms fermented and cultured on an organic carrier are fixed, wherein the organic carrier contains 5% by weight or more of a cellulose sponge. The microorganism-carrying material according to claim 1, which is any one of a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, a fermentation starter / accelerator, a deodorant, a wastewater cleaner, a ginger cleaner, a river / lake cleaner, and an air cleaner. A method for producing a microorganism-supporting material, comprising impregnating a microorganism culture solution into an organic carrier mixed with 5% by weight or more of a cellulose sponge and subjecting it to fermentation culture. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the microorganism-supporting material is any one of fertilizer, soil improver, fermentation starter / accelerator, deodorant, wastewater cleaner, ginger cleaner, river / lake cleaner, and air cleaner.