JP2005272501A - Polyurethane-based lung equivalent material not using cfc (chlorofluorocarbon) - Google Patents
Polyurethane-based lung equivalent material not using cfc (chlorofluorocarbon) Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005272501A JP2005272501A JP2004084135A JP2004084135A JP2005272501A JP 2005272501 A JP2005272501 A JP 2005272501A JP 2004084135 A JP2004084135 A JP 2004084135A JP 2004084135 A JP2004084135 A JP 2004084135A JP 2005272501 A JP2005272501 A JP 2005272501A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、肺等価材に関するものである。詳しくは、本発明は、電離性放射線に対する人体の肺組織を模擬する材料に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、人体の肺組織の光子線減弱係数を有する、CFC(フロン：クロロフルオロカーボン)を使用しないポリウレタン材料及びリン酸エステルからなる、新しいポリウレタン系発泡体からなる肺等価材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a lung equivalent material. Specifically, the present invention relates to a material that simulates human lung tissue against ionizing radiation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a lung equivalent material composed of a polyurethane material having a photon beam attenuation coefficient of human lung tissue and not using CFC (Freon: chlorofluorocarbon) and a new polyurethane foam composed of a phosphate ester.
現在、実用に供されている肺等価材は、イソシアネートとポリオールからなるポリウレタン液状原料に4.5重量%のリン酸エステルを添加後、十分に攪拌し、高分子化反応やCFC(フロン)を用いた発泡過程を利用して製造されている。95.5重量%を占めるイソシアネートとポリオールの混合割合は、0.7:1.0である。リン酸エステルは、光子に対する肺等価材の線減弱係数が人体の肺の線減弱係数にほぼ等しくなるものとして、ポリウレタン主原料に添加される。 Currently, the lung equivalent material in practical use was added with 4.5 wt% phosphoric acid ester to a polyurethane liquid raw material consisting of isocyanate and polyol, and then stirred sufficiently to use a polymerization reaction or CFC (CFC). Manufactured using a foaming process. The mixing ratio of isocyanate and polyol occupying 95.5% by weight is 0.7: 1.0. Phosphate ester is added to the main polyurethane raw material, assuming that the linear attenuation coefficient of the lung equivalent material for photons is approximately equal to the linear attenuation coefficient of the human lung.
現在、CFC(フロン)全廃により、肺等価材の製造には、ポリウレタンの発泡剤として水を使用することになるが、水発泡では、発泡効率が悪く、均一な密度分布が実現しにくいなどの問題がある。水発泡は、ポリウレタン主原料の他、触媒や発泡剤などの副資材を含めたトータルシステムの改良が試みられている。 At present, due to the abolition of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), water is used as a polyurethane foaming agent in the production of lung equivalent materials, but with water foaming, foaming efficiency is poor and uniform density distribution is difficult to achieve. There's a problem. For water foaming, attempts have been made to improve the total system including secondary materials such as catalysts and foaming agents in addition to polyurethane main raw materials.
従来の肺等価材製作技術において、発泡剤としてCFC(フロン)の代替に水を用いる方法では、発泡時の安定性が大きく損なわれるため、均一な密度分布を有した、かつ光子に対する人体の肺の線減弱係数にほぼ等しくなる肺等価材を製造することは困難になる。そうした状況を踏まえ、ポリウレタン主原料の選定、触媒や発泡剤などの副資材の利用、リン酸エステルの添加量評価が必要となった。
本発明の目的は、これらの問題点を解決した肺等価材を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a lung equivalent material that solves these problems.
ポリウレタン系発泡体を肺等価材として製造するためには、特に、イソシアネートやポリオールからなるポリウレタン主原料、副資材及びリン酸エステルの密度や光子線減弱係数を考慮して、その混合割合を正しく評価し、均一な密度分布となる発泡体を実現することが必要になる。 In order to produce polyurethane foam as a lung equivalent material, the mixing ratio is correctly evaluated, taking into consideration the density and photon beam attenuation coefficient of polyurethane main materials and auxiliary materials, and phosphate esters, which are composed of isocyanates and polyols. Therefore, it is necessary to realize a foam having a uniform density distribution.
本発明者らは、ポリウレタン液状原料、発泡剤及び触媒を混合したポリウレタン材料にリン酸エステルを添加し、ポリウレタン系発泡体として、かつ肺等価材として人体の肺組織に対する光子線減弱係数を有する材料を目指して鋭意研究し、本発明に到達したものである。 The present inventors have added a phosphoric ester to a polyurethane material mixed with a polyurethane liquid raw material, a foaming agent and a catalyst, and have a photon beam attenuation coefficient as a polyurethane foam and a lung equivalent material for human lung tissue. The present invention has been achieved through earnest research aimed at achieving this goal.
すなわち、本発明の肺等価材は、イソシアネート、ポリオール、発泡剤である水及び触媒からなるポリウレタン材料に対して15重量%以下のリン酸エステルを添加して、CFC(フロン)を使用しない高分子化反応による発泡過程を利用して得られた、密度0.3g/cm3以下のポリウレタン系発泡体であることを特徴とする。
なお、リン酸エステルの添加量は、0.2重量％〜１5重量％であり、好ましくは５重量％〜１２重量％であり、最も好ましくは９重量％〜１０重量％である。0.2重量％〜１5重量％以外の添加量では、人体の肺の密度及び光子に対する人体の肺の線減弱係数にほぼ等しくなる肺等価材を製造することは困難になる。
That is, the lung equivalent material of the present invention is a polymer that does not use CFC (Freon) by adding 15% by weight or less of a phosphoric acid ester to a polyurethane material comprising isocyanate, polyol, foaming agent water and catalyst. It is a polyurethane-based foam having a density of 0.3 g / cm 3 or less obtained by using a foaming process by a crystallization reaction.
In addition, the addition amount of phosphate ester is 0.2 weight%-15 weight%, Preferably it is 5 weight%-12 weight%, Most preferably, it is 9 weight%-10 weight%. With additions other than 0.2 wt% to 15 wt%, it becomes difficult to produce a lung equivalent material that is approximately equal to the density of the human lung and the linear attenuation coefficient of the human lung to photons.
本発明によって、放射線治療分野や放射線防護分野で利用されるファントム（生物の密度と実効原子番号にできる限り近似した体積を持つ物質、放射線線源を用いた物理学又は生物学実験に用いられる）の肺等価材として、CFC(フロン)を使用しない、人体の肺組織の光子線減弱係数を有するポリウレタン系材料が提供される。 Phantom used in the field of radiation therapy and radiation protection according to the present invention (a substance having a volume as close as possible to the density and effective atomic number of a living organism, used for physical or biological experiments using a radiation source) As a lung equivalent material, a polyurethane-based material having a photon beam attenuation coefficient of human lung tissue and not using CFC (Freon) is provided.
本発明において、イソシアネートとは、ポリオール等の活性水素化合物と容易に反応・硬化し、水と反応して炭酸ガス発生源となるものをいい、特にジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートを用いる。ポリオールとは、水酸基の活性水素をもち、イソシアネートと容易に重縮合するものをいい、特にポリプロピレン(エチレン)ポリオールを用いる。触媒とは、ポリウレタン形成の主反応である樹脂化反応と泡化反応のバランス制御するために利用したものをいい、特にトリエチルアミンを用いる。 In the present invention, the isocyanate means one that easily reacts and cures with an active hydrogen compound such as a polyol and reacts with water to become a carbon dioxide gas generation source, and particularly diphenylmethane diisocyanate is used. The polyol means one having an active hydrogen of a hydroxyl group and easily polycondensed with an isocyanate, and in particular, a polypropylene (ethylene) polyol is used. A catalyst means what was utilized in order to control balance of resinification reaction and foaming reaction which are main reactions of polyurethane formation, and especially triethylamine is used.
肺等価材となるポリウレタン系発泡体は、肺の主要構成元素である水素、炭素、窒素及び酸素からなるポリウレタン材料に、ポリウレタン材料より高い実効原子番号をもつリン酸エステルを最適量加え、その光子線減弱係数が人体の肺の光子線減弱係数とほぼ同じになるようにしたものである。 The polyurethane foam, which is a lung equivalent material, is the addition of an optimal amount of a phosphoric acid ester with an effective atomic number higher than that of polyurethane material to the polyurethane material consisting of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, which are the main constituent elements of the lung. The linear attenuation coefficient is made to be almost the same as the photon attenuation coefficient of the human lung.
又、上記のように、本発明のポリウレタン系発泡体の光子線減弱係数が人体の肺の光子線減弱係数とほぼ同じになるようになるためには、その密度が０．２０〜０．３０g/cm3である必要がある。この数値範囲以外の密度のものは人体の肺を模擬できない。 In addition, as described above, in order for the photon beam attenuation coefficient of the polyurethane foam of the present invention to be substantially the same as the photon beam attenuation coefficient of the human lung, the density is 0.20 to 0.30 g. Must be / cm 3 . Those with densities outside this range cannot simulate the human lung.
肺等価材の原料として、ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、ポリプロピレン(エチレン)ポリオール、窒素を含有した架橋剤としてのポリプロピレン(エチレン)ポリオール、水、トリエチルアミンからなるポリウレタン材料、及びリン酸エステルを用いた。 Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polypropylene (ethylene) polyol, polypropylene (ethylene) polyol as a nitrogen-containing crosslinking agent, water, a polyurethane material composed of triethylamine, and phosphoric acid ester were used as raw materials for lung equivalent materials.
ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、ポリプロピレン(エチレン)ポリオール、ポリプロピレン(エチレン)ポリオール(架橋剤)、水、トリエチルアミンの処方は、ポリウレタン材料の、それぞれ48.4重量%、33.8重量%、16.9重量%、0.83重量%、0.07重量%とした。リン酸エステルは、16.6keVの光子に対する人体の肺の線減弱係数を考慮し、最適量9.25重量%とした。 The formulations of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polypropylene (ethylene) polyol, polypropylene (ethylene) polyol (crosslinking agent), water, and triethylamine are 48.4%, 33.8%, 16.9%, 0.83%, 0.07% by weight of the polyurethane material, respectively. It was. The optimum amount of phosphate ester was 9.25% by weight in consideration of the linear attenuation coefficient of the human lung for 16.6 keV photons.
肺等価材の原料は、プラスチック製容器に入れ、攪拌機で十分に攪拌し、肺等価材の成形金型内へ注入した。原料は、原料が固化するまで、成形金型内で安置した。原料は、固化後、肺等価材として成形金型から離型した。 The raw material for lung equivalent material was placed in a plastic container, sufficiently stirred with a stirrer, and injected into a lung equivalent material molding die. The raw material was kept in the mold until the raw material solidified. After solidification, the raw material was released from the molding die as a lung equivalent material.
このようにして得られた肺等価材について、体積及び重量を測定し、密度を評価するとともに16.6keVの光子を放出する93mNb点状放射線線源を用いて光子透過率を測定し、光子線減弱係数を評価した。その結果、密度は0.24g/cm3(人体の肺は、0.26 g/cm3)となり、線減弱係数は0.30cm-1(人体の肺は、0.34 cm-1)となった。 The lung equivalent material thus obtained was measured for volume and weight, evaluated for density, and measured for photon transmission using a 93 m Nb point radiation source emitting 16.6 keV photons. The attenuation coefficient was evaluated. As a result, the density was 0.24 g / cm 3 (human lung, 0.26 g / cm 3), and the linear attenuation coefficient 0.30 cm -1 (human lung, 0.34 cm -1) becomes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015110770A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-06-18 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Polyurethane resin for water-equivalent phantom material |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11124496A (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 1999-05-11 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Foam sound absorbing material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11124496A (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 1999-05-11 | Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd | Foam sound absorbing material |
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| JPN6010028944, 城谷 孝, "Ｒｅａｌｉｓｔｉｃ Ｔｏｒｓｏ Ｐｈａｎｔｏｍ ｆｏｒ Ｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｉｎ−ｖｉｖｏ Ｔｒａｎｓｕｒａｎｉｃ−Ｎｕｃｌｉｄｅ Ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ Ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ", Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ, 19881125, Ｖｏｌ．２５， Ｎｏ．１１, ｐ．８７５−８８３, JP, 社団法人 日本原子力学会 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2015110770A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-06-18 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Polyurethane resin for water-equivalent phantom material |
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