JP2005263541A - Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2005263541A
JP2005263541A JP2004076750A JP2004076750A JP2005263541A JP 2005263541 A JP2005263541 A JP 2005263541A JP 2004076750 A JP2004076750 A JP 2004076750A JP 2004076750 A JP2004076750 A JP 2004076750A JP 2005263541 A JP2005263541 A JP 2005263541A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
raw material
compost raw
bacteria
cow dung
compost
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2004076750A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takashi Someya
孝 染谷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GENPO KOGYO KK
Original Assignee
GENPO KOGYO KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GENPO KOGYO KK filed Critical GENPO KOGYO KK
Priority to JP2004076750A priority Critical patent/JP2005263541A/en
Publication of JP2005263541A publication Critical patent/JP2005263541A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Landscapes

  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus for treating a compost raw material in which sufficient heat treatment required for sterilizing pathogen in the compost raw material is carried out without having large influence on normally existing microorganisms related to the composting. <P>SOLUTION: The method of treating the compost raw material is carried out by heating the compost raw material such as cow dung at 40-60°C while stirring in tightly closed state. The apparatus for treating the compost raw material comprises a tightly closed vessel 1 provided with a stirring means 5 for stirring the compost raw material 6 inside and a heating means for heating the inside to 40-60°C on the outside wall. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、牛糞や下水汚泥などの推肥原料を処理する推肥原料処理方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fertilizer raw material processing method and apparatus for processing fertilizer raw materials such as cow dung and sewage sludge.

牛糞、生ごみ、鶏糞、魚加工等の食品加工残滓、都市汚泥等の動植物から発生する有機廃棄物は堆肥原料として利用されている。堆肥原料となる牛糞や下水汚泥、生ごみ等には、人の病原菌が存在することがあり、適切に処理せずに農地に使用すると野菜などに残る場合がある。表１は、コンポストの原料となる牛糞、下水汚泥および都市ごみ中の大腸菌群数を示し、堆肥（コンポスト）の製造過程で病原菌が必ずしも完全には死滅せずに、製品である堆肥中に残留してしまうことを示す内外の調査結果である。この表は、日本や外国における牛糞、下水汚泥、都市ごみ（コンポスト原料となる厨芥類）の中に大腸菌群（糞便汚染の指標菌で、病原菌の存在の可能性を示す公衆衛生学的指標）が１グラムあたり数十万個から数十億個も存在することを示す。

Figure 2005263541
Organic waste generated from animal waste such as cow dung, food waste, chicken manure, fish processing and other food processing residues, and urban sludge is used as a raw material for compost. Cattle manure, sewage sludge, garbage, etc., which are compost raw materials, may contain human pathogens and may remain in vegetables when used on farmland without being properly treated. Table 1 shows the number of coliform bacteria in cow dung, sewage sludge and municipal waste as compost raw materials, and the pathogens are not completely killed in the compost production process, but remain in the compost that is the product. This is an internal and external survey result that shows that This table shows coliforms (a public health indicator that indicates the possibility of pathogenic bacteria in fecal contamination in cattle manure, sewage sludge, municipal waste (compost raw material) in Japan and abroad) Indicates that there are hundreds of thousands to billions per gram.
Figure 2005263541

この原因は、従来の堆肥化技術では発酵熱により、病原菌を殺菌するよう努力しているが、堆肥の表面の温度は高温にならないため温度ムラが生じ、十分な殺菌が達成できないことにある。そのため、従来の堆肥化技術では堆肥化過程における発酵熱により病原菌を殺菌するよう努力しているが、必ずしも十分な殺菌が達成できない。表２はコンポスト製造過程における大腸菌群の消長と製品中に残留する大腸菌群を示し、病原菌が製品の堆肥中に残留してしまうことがしばしば認められている。

Figure 2005263541
The cause of this is that conventional composting technology strives to sterilize pathogenic bacteria by heat of fermentation, but the surface temperature of the compost does not become high, resulting in temperature unevenness and inability to achieve sufficient sterilization. For this reason, in the conventional composting technique, efforts are made to sterilize pathogenic bacteria by fermentation heat in the composting process, but sufficient sterilization cannot always be achieved. Table 2 shows the fate of coliform bacteria in the compost production process and the coliform bacteria remaining in the product, and it is often recognized that pathogenic bacteria remain in the compost of the product.
Figure 2005263541

このとき、堆肥化の前処理として、例えば、特許文献１には、堆肥原料を容器に入れ、病原菌を減少させるため、加温撹拌することが開示されている。   At this time, as a pretreatment for composting, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a compost raw material is put in a container and heated and stirred in order to reduce pathogenic bacteria.

また、特許文献２には、マイクロ波などの照射により、堆肥原料を連続的に加熱殺菌することが開示されている。
特開２００２−３５５６９４号公報 特開２０００−２６１８０号公報 Patent Document 2 discloses that a compost raw material is continuously heat sterilized by irradiation with microwaves or the like.
JP 2002-355694 A JP 2000-26180 A

しかしながら、従来の加温による方法では、装置に密閉性がなく、加熱処理された堆肥原料に原料が混入して完全に病原菌を殺菌することができないという問題がある。   However, the conventional heating method has a problem that the apparatus is not hermetically sealed, and the raw material is mixed into the heat-treated compost raw material so that the pathogenic bacteria cannot be completely sterilized.

また、マイクロ波を利用する方法は、出力が小さく、処理量が少ないため、実用性に乏しく、また、温度制御が正確ではないため、高温となり、堆肥化に関与する常在微生物までも殺菌してしまう恐れが高いという問題がある。   In addition, the method using microwaves is not practical because the output is small and the amount of processing is small, and the temperature control is not accurate, so the temperature becomes high and even resident microorganisms involved in composting are sterilized. There is a problem that there is a high risk that

そこで、本発明は、堆肥原料中の病原菌の殺菌に必要かつ十分な熱処理を実現することができるとともに、堆肥原料中に常在する堆肥化に関与する微生物群には大きな影響を与えることなく処理できる堆肥原料処理方法および装置を提供するものである。   Therefore, the present invention can realize heat treatment necessary and sufficient for sterilization of pathogenic bacteria in compost raw materials, and can treat the microorganism groups involved in composting present in the compost raw materials without greatly affecting them. A compost raw material processing method and apparatus that can be used are provided.

本発明の堆肥原料処理方法は、牛糞など堆肥原料を密閉状態で撹拌しながら４０〜６０℃で加温することを特徴とする。   The compost raw material processing method of the present invention is characterized by heating compost raw materials such as cow dung at 40 to 60 ° C. while stirring in a sealed state.

また、本発明の堆肥原料処理装置は、内部に堆肥原料を撹拌する撹拌手段を備え、外壁に内部を４０〜６０℃に加温する加温手段を備えた密閉可能な容器からなることを特徴とする。なお、本発明において、堆肥原料は、牛糞、生ごみ、鶏糞、魚加工等の食品加工残滓、都市汚泥等の動植物から発生する有機廃棄物である。   Moreover, the compost raw material processing apparatus of the present invention comprises a sealable container provided with a stirring means for stirring the compost raw material inside, and provided with a heating means for heating the inside to 40 to 60 ° C. on the outer wall. And In the present invention, the compost raw material is organic waste generated from animals and plants such as cow dung, food waste, chicken dung, food processing residue such as fish processing, and urban sludge.

本発明は、密閉容器内で牛糞等の堆肥原料を、撹拌しながら４０〜６０℃に加温し、これを数時間維持することで病原菌を完全に殺菌する。このとき、常在微生物には影響がなく、堆肥化に悪影響がない点に大きな特長がある。   In the present invention, compost raw materials such as cow dung are heated to 40 to 60 ° C. with stirring in an airtight container and maintained for several hours to completely sterilize pathogenic bacteria. At this time, there is a great feature in that there is no influence on the resident microorganisms and there is no adverse effect on composting.

本発明により、病原菌を含まない衛生的で安全な堆肥原料を容易に製造することができる。このことにより、畜糞や下水汚泥、生ゴミなどの有機廃棄物を安全に資源化することができ、資源循環型社会の形成を促進することができる。   By this invention, the sanitary and safe compost raw material which does not contain a pathogenic microbe can be manufactured easily. This makes it possible to safely recycle organic waste such as animal manure, sewage sludge, and raw garbage, and promote the formation of a resource recycling society.

図１（ａ）は本発明の堆肥原料処理装置の概略を示す斜視図、（ｂ）はドラムの縦断面図である。基台１のフレーム１ａに堆肥原料を収容する密閉型の容器としてドラム２が回転自在に軸支され、ドラム２には堆肥原料６を投入する原料投入口３が設けられている。原料投入口３には蓋４が設けられ、堆肥原料６を投入後に蓋４を閉めてドラム２を密閉する。ドラム２の外壁２ａにはドラム２内を４０〜６０℃に加温する加温手段７として、ヒーターで加温した温水８を貯留する温水貯留部が設けられる。ドラム内には間隔をおいて撹拌手段として撹拌棒５が設けられ、ドラム２の回転により、投入された堆肥原料６を撹拌して均一に加温する。なお、９は外壁枠組み（骨格）である。   Fig.1 (a) is a perspective view which shows the outline of the compost raw material processing apparatus of this invention, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a drum. A drum 2 is rotatably supported as a sealed container for storing compost raw materials in a frame 1 a of the base 1, and a raw material input port 3 through which the compost raw material 6 is input is provided in the drum 2. The raw material charging port 3 is provided with a lid 4. After the compost raw material 6 is charged, the lid 4 is closed to seal the drum 2. The outer wall 2a of the drum 2 is provided with a hot water storage section for storing hot water 8 heated by a heater as a heating means 7 for heating the inside of the drum 2 to 40 to 60 ° C. Stirring rods 5 are provided as stirring means at intervals in the drum, and the charged compost raw material 6 is stirred and heated uniformly by rotation of the drum 2. In addition, 9 is an outer wall frame (skeleton).

ドラムは、例えば、約２ 立方メートルの容積にし、牛糞等を数百キログラム投入し、数時間、加温撹拌する。その後、内容物を取り出す。   For example, the drum has a volume of about 2 cubic meters, and hundreds of kilograms of cow dung and the like are charged therein and heated and stirred for several hours. Thereafter, the contents are taken out.

容積２立方メートルのドラムをあらかじめ伝熱ヒータで約６０℃に加熱保温し、これに約５００ｋｇの牛糞を投入し、４８時間の熱処理をおこなった。図２は処理機温度及び牛糞の温度と時間の関係を示すグラフである。内部の牛糞の温度は、当初約３４℃であったが、徐々に上昇し、６時間後に約５０℃、２４〜４８時間には５０〜６０℃を維持した。   A drum having a volume of 2 cubic meters was previously heated and kept at about 60 ° C. with a heat transfer heater, about 500 kg of cow dung was added thereto, and heat treatment was performed for 48 hours. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the processor temperature and the temperature of cow dung and time. The temperature of the internal cow dung was about 34 ° C. at first, but gradually increased to about 50 ° C. after 6 hours and maintained at 50-60 ° C. for 24-48 hours.

図３は、本発明にて上記の処理をおこなった際の内容物（処理牛糞）中の病原指標菌（大腸菌群、糞便性大腸菌群、大腸菌、サルモネラ菌）の残留状況を示すグラフである。牛糞含水率は約８２％である。図３より、病原指標菌である大腸菌群、糞便性大腸菌、大腸菌、及びサルモネラ菌は、処理約３時間後から急激に減少し、６時間後には不検出となった。この結果は、本発明によって、病原菌を６時間以内に完全に死滅させることが出来ることを示している。   FIG. 3 is a graph showing the residual status of pathogenic indicator bacteria (E. coli group, fecal coliform group, Escherichia coli, Salmonella) in the contents (treated cow dung) when the above-described treatment is performed according to the present invention. The water content of cow dung is about 82%. From FIG. 3, coliform bacteria, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, which are pathogenic indicator bacteria, decreased rapidly after about 3 hours of treatment, and became undetected after 6 hours. This result shows that the present invention can completely kill pathogenic bacteria within 6 hours.

図４は本発明の処理方法による牛糞中の常在微生物（全菌数、全生菌数）の消長を示すグラフである。図４では、牛糞中の全ての細菌を検出できる手法（蛍光染色法）を用いて行った。図４より全細菌は２４時間までほとんど変動なく、また、全生細菌数（生きている全ての細菌数）は、加熱処理６時間でやや低下したが、それでも１０１０個（数百億個）という高い値を示した。このデータは、加熱６時間では、牛糞中の大部分の細菌に大きな打撃を与えないことが分かる。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the number of resident microorganisms (total bacterial count, total viable count) in cow dung by the treatment method of the present invention. In FIG. 4, it carried out using the method (fluorescence dyeing | staining method) which can detect all the bacteria in cow dung. As shown in FIG. 4, the total number of bacteria remained almost unchanged until 24 hours, and the total number of living bacteria (the number of all living bacteria) decreased slightly after 6 hours of heat treatment, but still 10 10 (tens of billions). The high value was shown. This data shows that in 6 hours of heating, most of the bacteria in cow dung are not hit hard.

図５は本発明による牛糞中の常在微生物（中温性富栄養細菌及び高温性富栄養細菌）の消長を示すグラフで、このグラフから本装置では、堆肥化に関与する牛糞の常在菌には、悪影響が少なく、牛糞中の高温富栄養菌は加熱処理により２４時間までほとんど菌数が変化しなかった。また中温富栄養菌は、加熱処理により１０１０個（数百億個）から６時間後には１０７（数千万個）へと減少したが、その後大きな減少はなかった。 FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fate of resident microorganisms (mesophilic eutrophic bacteria and thermophilic eutrophic bacteria) in cow dung according to the present invention. Had few adverse effects, and the eutrophic bacteria in cow dung remained almost unchanged until 24 hours after heat treatment. In addition, mesophilic eutrophic bacteria decreased from 10 10 (tens of billions) to 10 7 (tens of millions) after 6 hours by heat treatment, but there was no significant decrease thereafter.

表３は本発明で処理した牛糞およびさらにそれを常温で保管した場合の各種微生物数を示す表である。

Figure 2005263541
Table 3 is a table showing the number of various microorganisms when the cow dung treated according to the present invention is stored at room temperature.
Figure 2005263541

表３は、生牛糞を本装置で２４時間加熱処理した場合、牛糞中の常在菌がいったん減少するが、その後、３０℃で１週間保管すると、ほぼ菌数が回復すること示す。この結果は、本装置を用いると、病原菌は死滅するが（図３）、堆肥化に関与する微生物群は、加熱処理によりいったんは減少するが、その後、室温で保管しておくだけで、容易にほぼ元の菌数にまで回復することが分かる。   Table 3 shows that when live cow dung is heat-treated with this apparatus for 24 hours, the resident bacteria in the cow dung are once reduced, but then the number of bacteria is almost recovered when stored at 30 ° C. for 1 week. As a result, pathogens are killed when this device is used (Fig. 3), but the microbial community involved in composting is reduced once by heat treatment, but it can be easily stored only at room temperature. It can be seen that it recovered to almost the original number of bacteria.

以上の結果から明らかなとおり、本発明により、６時間後には堆肥原料の品温が約５５度に達し（図２）、同時に計測した全ての病原性指標菌は不検出となった（図３）。このとき、堆肥化に関与する常在微生物には大きな影響を与えないことが確認された（図４，図５、表３）。   As is clear from the above results, according to the present invention, the compost raw material temperature reached about 55 degrees after 6 hours (FIG. 2), and all the pathogenicity indicator bacteria measured simultaneously were not detected (FIG. 3). ). At this time, it was confirmed that the resident microorganisms involved in composting do not have a great influence (FIGS. 4, 5 and 3).

（ａ）は本発明の堆肥原料処理装置の概略を示す斜視図、（ｂ）はドラムの縦断面図である。(A) is a perspective view which shows the outline of the compost raw material processing apparatus of this invention, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a drum. 処理装置温度及び牛糞の温度と時間の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the processing apparatus temperature, the temperature of cow dung, and the relationship of time. 本発明による牛糞中の病原指標菌の残留状況を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the residual condition of the pathogenic indicator microbe in the cow dung by this invention. 本発明による牛糞中の常在微生物（全菌数、全生菌数）の消長を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change of the resident microorganisms (total number of bacteria, total number of living bacteria) in cow dung by this invention. 本発明による処理による牛糞中の常在微生物（中温性富栄養細菌及び高温性富栄養細菌）の消長を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the fate of the resident microorganisms (mesophilic eutrophic bacteria and thermophilic eutrophic bacteria) in cow dung by the treatment according to the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：架台
１ａ：フレーム
２：ドラム
２ａ：外壁
３：原料投入口
４：蓋
５：撹拌棒
６：堆肥原料
７：加温手段
８：温水
９：外壁枠組み 1: frame 1a: frame 2: drum 2a: outer wall 3: raw material charging port 4: lid 5: stirring rod 6: compost raw material 7: heating means 8: hot water 9: outer wall frame

Claims (2)

牛糞など堆肥原料を密閉状態で撹拌しながら４０〜６０℃で加熱することを特徴とする堆肥原料処理方法。   A compost raw material treatment method comprising heating compost raw materials such as cow dung at 40 to 60 ° C. while stirring in a sealed state. 内部に堆肥原料を撹拌する撹拌手段を備え、外壁に内部を４０〜６０℃に加熱する加熱手段を備えた密閉可能な回転ドラムからなることを特徴とする堆肥原料処理装置。
A compost raw material processing apparatus comprising: a sealing drum having a stirring means for stirring compost raw material inside and a heating means for heating the inside to 40 to 60 ° C. on an outer wall.
JP2004076750A 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material Pending JP2005263541A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004076750A JP2005263541A (en) 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004076750A JP2005263541A (en) 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2005263541A true JP2005263541A (en) 2005-09-29

Family

ID=35088472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2004076750A Pending JP2005263541A (en) 2004-03-17 2004-03-17 Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2005263541A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101226520B1 (en) 2011-05-03 2013-01-25 한신메디칼 주식회사 Sterillization apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51129766A (en) * 1975-04-26 1976-11-11 Hokusetsu Suidou Setsubi Kk Process and apparatus for producing organic compost by deodorizing chicken manures
JPH0882477A (en) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-26 Shinohara Seiki Kk Dryer for water-containing organic matter
JPH09174026A (en) * 1995-12-25 1997-07-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Garbage treating device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51129766A (en) * 1975-04-26 1976-11-11 Hokusetsu Suidou Setsubi Kk Process and apparatus for producing organic compost by deodorizing chicken manures
JPH0882477A (en) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-26 Shinohara Seiki Kk Dryer for water-containing organic matter
JPH09174026A (en) * 1995-12-25 1997-07-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Garbage treating device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101226520B1 (en) 2011-05-03 2013-01-25 한신메디칼 주식회사 Sterillization apparatus

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Puač et al. Plasma agriculture: A rapidly emerging field
Manyi-Loh et al. An overview of the control of bacterial pathogens in cattle manure
Kim et al. Validating thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in fresh and aged chicken litter
Popat et al. Kinetics of inactivation of indicator pathogens during thermophilic anaerobic digestion
Erickson et al. Inactivation of Salmonella spp. in cow manure composts formulated to different initial C: N ratios
Pandey et al. Simulating the effects of mesophilic anaerobic and aerobic digestions, lagoon system, and composting on pathogen inactivation
Albihn et al. Biosecurity and arable use of manure and biowaste—Treatment alternatives
Erickson et al. Thermal and nonthermal factors affecting survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in animal manure–based compost mixtures
Pandey et al. Escherichia coli persistence kinetics in dairy manure at moderate, mesophilic, and thermophilic temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic environments
Iwasaki et al. The effect of temperature on survival of pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants
Ottoson et al. In situ ammonia production as a sanitation agent during anaerobic digestion at mesophilic temperature
Scheinemann et al. Hygienisation and nutrient conservation of sewage sludge or cattle manure by lactic acid fermentation
JP2019042655A (en) Processing method and processing device of organic matter containing harmful microorganism
Biswas et al. Effect of dairy manure storage conditions on the survival of E. coli O157: H7 and Listeria
KR102036091B1 (en) System for treating animal carcass by super-temperature microorganism
Skowron et al. Effectiveness of high energy electron beam against spore forming bacteria and viruses in slurry
Elving et al. Thermal treatment for pathogen inactivation as a risk mitigation strategy for safe recycling of organic waste in agriculture
Plachá et al. The elimination of Salmonella typhimurium in sewage sludge by aerobic mesophilic stabilization and lime hydrated stabilization
Oishi et al. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling for predictive environmental microbiology toward a safe use of human excreta: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Mathur et al. Effects of vermicomposting on microbiological flora of infected biomedical waste
Parseh et al. Microbial and composition changes during vermicomposting process resulting from decomposable domestic waste, cow manure and dewatered sludge
JP2005263541A (en) Method and apparatus for treating compost raw material
Erickson et al. Contribution of chemical and physical factors to zoonotic pathogen inactivation during chicken manure composting
Gonçalves et al. Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure
Jezierska-Tys et al. Microbiological hazards resulting from application of dairy sewage sludge: effects on occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in soil

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20070308

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20091224

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20100108

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20100507