JP2005251576A - Fuel cell system and moving body mounting the same - Google Patents

Fuel cell system and moving body mounting the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005251576A
JP2005251576A JP2004060952A JP2004060952A JP2005251576A JP 2005251576 A JP2005251576 A JP 2005251576A JP 2004060952 A JP2004060952 A JP 2004060952A JP 2004060952 A JP2004060952 A JP 2004060952A JP 2005251576 A JP2005251576 A JP 2005251576A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
cell system
air
water
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Pending
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JP2004060952A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Nobuo Fujita
信雄 藤田
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to JP2004060952A priority Critical patent/JP2005251576A/en
Publication of JP2005251576A publication Critical patent/JP2005251576A/en
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent freezing by effectively removing moisture remaining in a fuel cell system. <P>SOLUTION: When a stopping instruction of a fuel cell system 20 is made, and in the case there is a possibility of freezing by the lowest temperature within 24 hours estimated by depending on the outside temperature detected by an outside temperature sensor 80, a flow control valve 54 of the fuel cell stack 22 and an air exhaust system 50 and atomizers 62-66 installed on a silencer 56 are operated and the water remaining inside is atomized, and at the same time, by switching to a bypass supply tube 42 and a bypass exhaust tube 52, a humidifier 46 is bypassed, and an air compressor 44 is driven and they are scavenged. Then, the fuel cell stack 22 is run idle, and when the fuel cell stack 22 generates a dried-up phenomenon, it is judged that scavenging is completed, and the system is stopped. Thereby, the water remaining in the fuel cell stack 22 and the air exhaust system 50 is rapidly removed and its freezing can be prevented. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体に関し、詳しくは、発電に伴って水を生成する燃料電池を含む燃料電池システムおよびこれを電力源として搭載する移動体に関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a mobile body on which the fuel cell system is mounted, and more particularly to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates water as power is generated and a mobile body on which the fuel cell system is mounted as a power source.

従来、この種の燃料電池システムとしては、燃料電池スタックの空気極側に気液分離器を取り付けたものが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このシステムでは、燃料電池スタックの空気極側のオフガスを気液分離器で排ガスと水とに分離して排出することにより、その扱いを個々に行なうものとしている。また、燃料電池スタックで生成された水を除去するために燃料電池本体や燃料極，空気極などに加振手段を取り付けたものも提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。このシステムでは、加振手段により振動を加えることにより、燃料極や空気極に付着した水滴を微粒子化して除去し、燃料電池を良好な状態としている。さらに、燃料電池スタックからの排ガス通路の残留水を排出するために空気極側に一定時間空気を供給して掃気するものも提案されている（例えば、特許文献３参照）。
特開２００２−２８９２３７号公報 特開２００２−２０３５８５号公報 特開２００２−３１３３９５号公報（第３頁、図２、図３等） Conventionally, as this type of fuel cell system, one in which a gas-liquid separator is attached to the air electrode side of a fuel cell stack has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this system, the off-gas on the air electrode side of the fuel cell stack is separated into exhaust gas and water by a gas-liquid separator and discharged, and the handling is performed individually. In addition, there has been proposed one in which a vibration means is attached to a fuel cell main body, a fuel electrode, an air electrode, or the like in order to remove water generated in the fuel cell stack (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In this system, the vibration is applied by the vibration means to finely remove water droplets adhering to the fuel electrode and the air electrode, and the fuel cell is in a good state. Further, there has been proposed a method in which air is supplied to the air electrode side for a certain period of time in order to discharge residual water in the exhaust gas passage from the fuel cell stack (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
JP 2002-289237 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-203585 JP 2002-313395 A (Page 3, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 etc.)

しかしながら、気液分離器を備える燃料電池システムでは、気液分離後の排ガスにも水分が含まれるため、排気通路に水溜まりが生じたり、排出口から水滴が排出される場合がある。また、燃料電池本体に加振手段を備える燃料電池システムでは、燃料電池スタックの水分状態を良好にすることができるものの、燃料電池スタックからの排気通路における残留水を除去することはできない。これらのシステムでは、低温時には燃料電池スタックや排気通路の残留水が凍結することにより、燃料電池スタックや排気通路に取り付けられた機器を破損したり、機能低下を招く場合が生じる。さらに、空気極に空気を一定時間供給して掃気するシステムでは、掃気に時間を要すると共に掃気完了する前に電解質膜を乾燥させてしまう場合も生じる。   However, in a fuel cell system including a gas-liquid separator, water is also contained in the exhaust gas after gas-liquid separation, so that a water pool may be generated in the exhaust passage or water droplets may be discharged from the discharge port. Further, in the fuel cell system including the vibration means in the fuel cell main body, the moisture state of the fuel cell stack can be improved, but the residual water in the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack cannot be removed. In these systems, residual water in the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage freezes at low temperatures, which may damage the devices attached to the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage or cause a deterioration in function. Furthermore, in a system in which air is supplied to the air electrode for a certain period of time and scavenging, it takes time to scavenge, and the electrolyte membrane may be dried before scavenging is completed.

本発明の燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体は、燃料電池システムの運転停止指示がなされたときにシステム内に残留する水分を効率的に除去することを目的の一つとする。また、本発明の燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体は、燃料電池システム内の水分除去に際して排気通路からの水滴飛散を防止することを目的の一つとする。さらに、本発明の燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体は、燃料電池システムの凍結を防止することを目的の一つとする。加えて、本発明の燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体は、水分除去の際に過剰な乾燥を抑止することを目的の一つとする。   One object of the fuel cell system of the present invention and a mobile body equipped with the fuel cell system is to efficiently remove moisture remaining in the system when an instruction to stop the operation of the fuel cell system is given. Another object of the fuel cell system of the present invention and a mobile body equipped with the fuel cell system is to prevent water droplets from being scattered from the exhaust passage when removing moisture from the fuel cell system. Furthermore, it is an object of the fuel cell system of the present invention and a mobile body equipped with the fuel cell system to prevent the fuel cell system from freezing. In addition, the fuel cell system of the present invention and the moving body on which the fuel cell system is mounted have an object to suppress excessive drying when removing moisture.

本発明の燃料電池システムおよびこれを搭載する移動体は、上述の目的の少なくとも一部を達成するために以下の手段を採った。   In order to achieve at least a part of the above-described object, the fuel cell system of the present invention and the mobile body equipped with the fuel cell system employ the following means.

本発明の第１の燃料電池システムは、
水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタック内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、
前記燃料電池スタック内の霧化した水を該燃料電池スタック外に排出可能な排出手段と、
燃料電池システムの停止指示がなされ所定の作動条件が成立したときに、前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、
を備えることを要旨とする。 The first fuel cell system of the present invention comprises:
A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack that generates electric power with generation of water,
Atomizing means for atomizing water in the fuel cell stack;
Discharging means capable of discharging the atomized water in the fuel cell stack to the outside of the fuel cell stack;
Drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when an instruction to stop the fuel cell system is made and a predetermined operating condition is established;
It is a summary to provide.

本発明の燃料電池システムによれば、燃料電池システムの停止指示がなされ所定の作動条件が成立したときには、燃料電池スタック内の水を霧化してスタック外に排出するから、迅速に効率的に燃料電池スタック内の水分を除去することができる。したがって、燃料電池スタックの凍結を抑止することができる。   According to the fuel cell system of the present invention, when the fuel cell system is instructed to stop and a predetermined operating condition is satisfied, the water in the fuel cell stack is atomized and discharged out of the stack. Water in the battery stack can be removed. Therefore, freezing of the fuel cell stack can be suppressed.

こうした本発明の第１の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記霧化手段は、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして供給される空気の流路内の水を霧化する手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、酸化ガスの流路内の水を霧化して排出容易な状態とすることができる。   In the first fuel cell system of the present invention, the atomizing means may be means for atomizing water in a flow path of air supplied as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack. If it carries out like this, the water in the flow path of oxidizing gas can be atomized, and it can be set as the state which is easy to discharge | emit.

また、本発明の第１の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして空気を供給する空気供給手段と、前記燃料電池スタックから酸化ガスとしての空気を排出する空気排出手段と、前記空気供給手段における供給用の空気と前記空気排出手段における排出用の空気とによる水の授受により該供給用の空気を加湿する加湿手段と、を備え、前記排出手段は、前記加湿手段を作動させない状態として機能する前記空気供給手段と前記空気排出手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、空気供給手段と空気排出手段を排出手段として用いることができる。この結果、空気供給手段や空気排出手段の他に排出手段を設ける必要がない。なお、加湿手段を作動させない状態で機能させることにより、燃料電池スタック内あるいは空気流路内の水を前記加湿手段によって加湿されない空気を用いて水の排出を行なうことができる。この態様の本発明の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記空気排出手段に取り付けられた機器内の水を霧化する霧化手段を備えるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、空気排出手段に取り付けられた機器における残留水を除去することができる。したがって、空気排出手段に取り付けられた機器の凍結を抑止することができる。   In the first fuel cell system of the present invention, air supply means for supplying air as oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack, air discharging means for discharging air as oxidizing gas from the fuel cell stack, and the air Humidifying means for humidifying the supply air by supplying and receiving water by the supply air in the supply means and the discharge air in the air discharge means, and the discharge means does not operate the humidification means The air supply means and the air discharge means functioning as If it carries out like this, an air supply means and an air discharge means can be used as a discharge means. As a result, it is not necessary to provide a discharge means in addition to the air supply means and the air discharge means. In addition, by making it function in the state which does not operate a humidification means, the water in a fuel cell stack or an air flow path can be discharged | emitted using the air which is not humidified by the said humidification means. In this aspect of the fuel cell system of the present invention, the fuel cell system according to the present invention may include atomization means for atomizing water in the device attached to the air discharge means. In this way, residual water in the equipment attached to the air discharge means can be removed. Therefore, freezing of the device attached to the air discharge means can be suppressed.

本発明の第２の燃料電池システムは、
水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックからのオフガスが流通する排気通路と、
該排気通路内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、
前記排気通路内の霧化した水を外部に排出する排出手段と、
所定の作動条件が成立したときに、前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、
を備えることを要旨とする The second fuel cell system of the present invention comprises:
A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack that generates electric power with generation of water,
An exhaust passage through which off-gas from the fuel cell stack flows;
Atomizing means for atomizing water in the exhaust passage;
Discharging means for discharging the atomized water in the exhaust passage to the outside;
Drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when a predetermined operating condition is established;
The gist is to provide

この本発明の第２の燃料電池システムでは、所定の作動条件が成立したときには、燃料電池スタックからのオフガスが流通する排気通路内の水を霧化して外部に排出するから、迅速に効率的に燃料電池スタックからの排気通路内の水分を除去することができる。したがって、排気通路内の残留水により排気通路が閉塞するのを抑制することができる。しかも、霧化して外部に排出するから、排気通路からの水滴の飛散を抑止することができる。また、低温時にも排気通路が凍結するのを抑止することもできる。   In the second fuel cell system of the present invention, when a predetermined operating condition is established, water in the exhaust passage through which the off-gas from the fuel cell stack flows is atomized and discharged to the outside. Moisture in the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack can be removed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the exhaust passage from being blocked by residual water in the exhaust passage. And since it atomizes and discharge | emits outside, the scattering of the water droplet from an exhaust passage can be suppressed. In addition, the exhaust passage can be prevented from freezing even at low temperatures.

こうした本発明の第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記霧化手段は、前記排気通路の屈曲部または該排気通路に取り付けられた機器に取り付けられてなるものとすることもできる。この場合、前記機器は、バルブまたは消音器であるものとすることもできる。なお、機器における霧化手段の取り付け位置としては排出口側とすることもできる。   In such a second fuel cell system of the present invention, the atomizing means may be attached to a bent portion of the exhaust passage or a device attached to the exhaust passage. In this case, the device may be a valve or a silencer. In addition, it can also be made into the discharge port side as an attachment position of the atomization means in an apparatus.

また、本発明の第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記排気通路は、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化剤として供給された空気の排気通路であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、生成水が生じる空気極側の排気通路の残留水を効果的に除去することができる。   In the second fuel cell system of the present invention, the exhaust passage may be an exhaust passage for air supplied as an oxidant to the fuel cell stack. If it carries out like this, the residual water of the exhaust_gas | exhaustion channel | path by the side of the air electrode which produced | generated water can be removed effectively.

さらに、本発明の第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして空気を供給する空気供給手段と、前記空気供給手段における供給用の空気と前記燃料電池スタックから排出される空気とによる水の授受により該供給用の空気を加湿する加湿手段と、を備え、前記排出手段は、前記加湿手段を作動させない状態として機能する前記空気供給手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、別に排出手段を設ける必要がない。なお、加湿手段を作動させない状態で機能させることにより、燃料電池スタック内あるいは排気通路内の水を加湿されない空気を用いて排出することができる。   Further, in the second fuel cell system of the present invention, an air supply means for supplying air as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack, supply air in the air supply means, and air discharged from the fuel cell stack Humidifying means for humidifying the supply air by exchanging water by means of, and the discharge means may be the air supply means functioning in a state where the humidifying means is not operated. In this way, there is no need to provide a separate discharging means. In addition, by making it function in the state which does not operate a humidification means, the water in a fuel cell stack or an exhaust passage can be discharged | emitted using the air which is not humidified.

これら本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記燃料電池スタックのドライアップを検出するドライアップ検出手段を備え、前記排水制御手段は、前記燃料電池スタックを所定の低負荷運転した状態で前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させ、前記ドライアップ検出手段により前記燃料電池スタックのドライアップが検出されたときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段を停止する手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、燃料電池スタックや燃料電池スタックからの排気通路における水の除去をより適正に判定することができ、燃料電池スタックの過剰な乾燥を抑止することができる。   In the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention, the fuel cell stack includes dry-up detection means for detecting dry-up of the fuel cell stack, and the drainage control means is in a state where the fuel cell stack is operated at a predetermined low load. The atomizing means and the discharge means are operated in order to stop the atomization means and the discharge means when the dry-up detection means detects dry-up of the fuel cell stack. It can also be. By so doing, it is possible to more appropriately determine the removal of water in the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack, and it is possible to suppress excessive drying of the fuel cell stack.

また、本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記燃料電池スタックの抵抗を検出するスタック抵抗検出手段を備え、前記排水制御手段は、前記燃料電池スタックの運転を停止した状態で前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させ、前記スタック抵抗検出手段により前記燃料電池スタックの抵抗が所定値以上となったときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段を停止する手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、燃料電池スタックや燃料電池スタックからの排気通路における水の除去をより適正に判定することができ、燃料電池スタックの過剰な乾燥を抑止することができる。   The first or second fuel cell system of the present invention further includes stack resistance detection means for detecting the resistance of the fuel cell stack, wherein the drainage control means stops the operation of the fuel cell stack. A means for actuating the atomizing means and the discharging means, and for stopping the atomizing means and the discharging means when the resistance of the fuel cell stack exceeds a predetermined value by the stack resistance detecting means. It can also be. By so doing, it is possible to more appropriately determine the removal of water in the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack, and it is possible to suppress excessive drying of the fuel cell stack.

さらに、本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記燃料電池スタックが所定時間内に所定温度未満の低温に至るか否かを推定する低温推定手段を備え、前記排水制御手段は、前記低温推定手段により前記燃料電池スタックが前記所定温度未満の低温に至ると推定されたときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段とを作動させる手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、燃料電池スタックや燃料電池スタックからの排気通路における凍結を抑制することができる。   Furthermore, in the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention, the fuel cell stack further includes low temperature estimation means for estimating whether or not the fuel cell stack reaches a low temperature lower than a predetermined temperature within a predetermined time, and the drainage control means includes: The fuel cell stack may be a means for operating the atomization means and the discharge means when the low temperature estimation means estimates that the fuel cell stack reaches a low temperature lower than the predetermined temperature. By so doing, freezing in the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack can be suppressed.

あるいは、本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムにおいて、前記霧化手段は、超音波振動子を用いて加振することにより水を霧化する手段であるものとすることもできる。こうすれば、水を容易に霧化することができる。   Alternatively, in the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention, the atomizing means may be means for atomizing water by applying vibration using an ultrasonic vibrator. In this way, water can be easily atomized.

本発明の移動体は、上述のいずれかの態様の本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システム、即ち、基本的には、水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、前記燃料電池スタック内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、前記燃料電池スタック内の霧化した水を該燃料電池スタック外に排出可能な排出手段と、燃料電池システムの停止指示がなされ所定の作動条件が成立したときに前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、を備える第１の燃料電池システムや、水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、前記燃料電池スタックからの排気通路内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、前記排気通路内の霧化した水を外部に排出する排出手段と、燃料電池システムの停止指示がなされ所定の作動条件が成立したときに、前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、を備える第２の燃料電池システムを電力源として搭載することを要旨とする。   The moving body of the present invention is the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention according to any one of the above-described aspects, that is, a fuel cell system that basically includes a fuel cell stack that generates power with generation of water. An atomizing means for atomizing the water in the fuel cell stack; a discharging means capable of discharging the atomized water in the fuel cell stack to the outside of the fuel cell stack; and an instruction to stop the fuel cell system And a drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when a predetermined operating condition is established, and a fuel cell that generates electric power with generation of water A fuel cell system comprising a stack, the atomizing means for atomizing the water in the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack, the discharging means for discharging the atomized water in the exhaust passage to the outside, and a fuel cell A second fuel cell system comprising: a drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when a system stop instruction is given and a predetermined operating condition is established. Is the gist.

この本発明の移動体では、上述のいずれかの態様の本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムを電力源として搭載するから、本発明の第１または第２の燃料電池システムが奏する効果、例えば、迅速に効率的に燃料電池スタックや燃料電池スタックからの排気通路の水を除去することができる効果や排気口から水滴が放出されて飛散するのを抑止することができる効果，燃料電池スタックや燃料電池スタックからの排気通路の凍結を抑止することができる効果などと同一の効果を奏することができる。   In the mobile body of the present invention, the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention according to any one of the above-described aspects is mounted as a power source, and therefore the effect exhibited by the first or second fuel cell system of the present invention. For example, the effect of being able to quickly and efficiently remove water in the fuel cell stack and the exhaust passage from the fuel cell stack, the effect of suppressing the release and scattering of water droplets from the exhaust port, the fuel cell The same effect as the effect of suppressing the freezing of the exhaust passage from the stack or the fuel cell stack can be obtained.

次に、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、実施例を用いて具体的に説明する。   Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

図１は、本発明の一実施例としての燃料電池車に電力源として搭載された燃料電池システム２０の構成の概略を示すシステム構成図である。実施例の燃料電池システム２０は、走行用のモータ２５に直流電力を三相交流電力に変換して供給するインバータ２４や二次電池２７の充放電を司ると共に燃料電池システム２０の出力電圧Ｖｆｃや出力電流Ｉｆｃを調整するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６に遮断器２３を介して接続されている。   FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a fuel cell system 20 mounted as a power source in a fuel cell vehicle as an embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cell system 20 according to the embodiment manages charging / discharging of the inverter 24 and the secondary battery 27 that supply DC power to the traveling motor 25 by converting it into three-phase AC power, and outputs the output voltage Vfc of the fuel cell system 20. A DC / DC converter 26 that adjusts the output current Ifc is connected via a circuit breaker 23.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０は、例えば高分子により形成された電解質膜を二つの電極（燃料極と空気極）で狭持してなる単電池ユニットを複数積層して構成した燃料電池スタック２２と、この燃料電池スタック２２の燃料極（負極）に高圧水素タンク３１からの水素を供給する水素供給系３０と、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極（正極）に空気を供給する空気供給系４０と、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極からの排ガスを外部に排出する空気排出系５０と、燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０に取り付けられ内部の水を霧化する超音波振動子を有する霧化器６２〜６６と、燃料電池スタック２２を冷却する図示しない冷却系と、燃料電池システム２０を含む全体をコントロールする電子制御ユニット７０と、を備える。   The fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment includes, for example, a fuel cell stack 22 configured by laminating a plurality of unit cell units in which an electrolyte membrane formed of a polymer is sandwiched between two electrodes (a fuel electrode and an air electrode). A hydrogen supply system 30 that supplies hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 31 to the fuel electrode (negative electrode) of the fuel cell stack 22, an air supply system 40 that supplies air to the air electrode (positive electrode) of the fuel cell stack 22, An air discharge system 50 that discharges the exhaust gas from the air electrode of the fuel cell stack 22 to the outside, and an atomizer 62 that is attached to the fuel cell stack 22 and the air discharge system 50 and has an ultrasonic vibrator that atomizes the internal water. ˜66, a cooling system (not shown) for cooling the fuel cell stack 22, and an electronic control unit 70 for controlling the whole including the fuel cell system 20 are provided.

水素供給系３０は、高圧水素タンク３１からの水素を燃料電池スタック２２に供給する水素供給流路３２と、燃料電池スタック２２から排出された水素を水素供給流路３２に返送する水素循環流路３３とを備える。水素供給流路３２には、高圧水素タンク３１からの水素が逆流しないようにするための逆流防止弁（チェック弁）や燃料電池スタック２２への水素の供給や供給停止を行なうための仕切弁３６などが設けられている。水素循環流路３３には、水素を水素供給流路３２に圧送するための水素ポンプ３４や、水素供給流路３２側の水素が逆流しないようにするための逆流防止弁（チェック弁）、燃料電池スタック２２からの水素の排出を停止するための仕切弁などが設けられている他、循環している水素中の水蒸気を液化することにより気液分離する図示しない気液分離器なども設けられている。また、水素供給流路３２や水素循環流流路３３には、燃料電池スタック２２に供給する水素の供給量や燃料電池スタック２２の運転状態を制御するために用いられる各種センサ、例えば、燃料電池スタック２２の流入口や水素ポンプ３４の吐出側に設けられた圧力センサや燃料電池スタック２２の出口近傍や水素ポンプ３４の吐出側に設けられた温度センサなどが取り付けられている。なお、水素循環流路３３には分岐管３５が取り付けられており、水素循環流路３３内の水素が図示しない希釈器で希釈され大気に開放されるようになっている。   The hydrogen supply system 30 includes a hydrogen supply flow path 32 that supplies hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 22, and a hydrogen circulation flow path that returns hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell stack 22 to the hydrogen supply flow path 32. 33. In the hydrogen supply flow path 32, a backflow prevention valve (check valve) for preventing hydrogen from flowing back from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 31 and a gate valve 36 for supplying or stopping supply of hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 22 are provided. Etc. are provided. The hydrogen circulation channel 33 includes a hydrogen pump 34 for pumping hydrogen to the hydrogen supply channel 32, a backflow prevention valve (check valve) for preventing hydrogen from flowing back on the hydrogen supply channel 32 side, fuel In addition to a gate valve for stopping the discharge of hydrogen from the battery stack 22, a gas-liquid separator (not shown) that performs gas-liquid separation by liquefying water vapor in the circulating hydrogen is also provided. ing. Further, in the hydrogen supply flow path 32 and the hydrogen circulation flow path 33, various sensors used for controlling the supply amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack 22 and the operation state of the fuel cell stack 22, for example, a fuel cell A pressure sensor provided at the inlet of the stack 22 and the discharge side of the hydrogen pump 34, a temperature sensor provided near the outlet of the fuel cell stack 22 and the discharge side of the hydrogen pump 34, and the like are attached. A branch pipe 35 is attached to the hydrogen circulation flow path 33 so that hydrogen in the hydrogen circulation flow path 33 is diluted by a diluter (not shown) and opened to the atmosphere.

空気供給系４０は、マスフローメータ４３により計量されエアコンプレッサ４４により加圧された空気を供給管４１により加湿器４６に導いて加湿して燃料電池スタック２２の空気極に供給する。供給管４１には、加湿器４６をバイパスするようバイパス供給管４２が取り付けられており、供給管４１およびバイパス供給管４２には空気の流路を切り替えるための仕切弁４１ａ，４２ａが取り付けられている。したがって、エアコンプレッサ４４からの空気は、仕切弁４１ａを開成すると共に仕切弁４２ａを閉成することにより加湿器４６で加湿されて燃料電池スタック２２に供給され、仕切弁４１ａを閉成すると共に仕切弁４２ａを開成することにより加湿器４６をバイパスして燃料電池スタック２２に供給される。   The air supply system 40 introduces the air measured by the mass flow meter 43 and pressurized by the air compressor 44 to the humidifier 46 through the supply pipe 41 to humidify and supply the air to the air electrode of the fuel cell stack 22. A bypass supply pipe 42 is attached to the supply pipe 41 so as to bypass the humidifier 46, and gate valves 41 a and 42 a for switching air flow paths are attached to the supply pipe 41 and the bypass supply pipe 42. Yes. Therefore, the air from the air compressor 44 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 22 by opening the gate valve 41a and closing the gate valve 42a, and is supplied to the fuel cell stack 22 to close the gate valve 41a and partition the air. By opening the valve 42 a, the humidifier 46 is bypassed and supplied to the fuel cell stack 22.

空気排出系５０は、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極からの排ガスを排出管５１により加湿器４６に導いて空気供給系４０のエアコンプレッサ４４からの空気を加湿し、その後、図示しない気液分離器により気液分離され、流量調節弁５４や消音器（マフラー）５６を介して大気に開放される。排出管５１には、加湿器４６をバイパスするようバイパス排出管５２が取り付けられており、排出管５１およびバイパス排出管５２には空気の流路を切り替えるための仕切弁５１ａ，５２ａが取り付けられている。したがって、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極側の排ガスは、仕切弁５１ａを開成すると共に仕切弁５２ａを閉成することにより加湿器４６を介して排出され、仕切弁４１ａを閉成すると共に仕切弁４２ａを開成することにより加湿器４６をバイパスして排出される。   The air discharge system 50 guides the exhaust gas from the air electrode of the fuel cell stack 22 to the humidifier 46 through the discharge pipe 51 to humidify the air from the air compressor 44 of the air supply system 40, and then a gas-liquid separator (not shown). Is separated into gas and liquid and released to the atmosphere via a flow rate control valve 54 and a silencer (muffler) 56. A bypass discharge pipe 52 is attached to the discharge pipe 51 so as to bypass the humidifier 46, and gate valves 51 a and 52 a for switching the air flow path are attached to the discharge pipe 51 and the bypass discharge pipe 52. Yes. Therefore, the exhaust gas on the air electrode side of the fuel cell stack 22 is discharged through the humidifier 46 by opening the gate valve 51a and closing the gate valve 52a, and closes the gate valve 41a and closes the gate valve 42a. By opening, the humidifier 46 is bypassed and discharged.

燃料電池スタック２２の空気極側の流路や流量調節弁５４，消音器５６に取り付けられた霧化器６２〜６６は、圧電セラミックス等により形成された超音波振動子と超音波振動子の振動を伝達するステムとにより構成されており、超音波振動子を振動させることにより、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極側の流路や流量調節弁５４，消音器５６の内部に残留している水を霧化する。   The atomizers 62 to 66 attached to the flow path on the air electrode side of the fuel cell stack 22, the flow control valve 54, and the silencer 56 are an ultrasonic vibrator formed of piezoelectric ceramics and the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator. And the water remaining in the flow path on the air electrode side of the fuel cell stack 22, the flow rate adjustment valve 54, and the silencer 56 by vibrating the ultrasonic vibrator. Atomize.

電子制御ユニット７０は、ＣＰＵ７２を中心とするマイクロコンピュータとして構成されており、ＣＰＵ７２の他に処理プログラムを記憶するＲＯＭ７４やデータを一時的に記憶するＲＡＭ７６、図示しない入出力ポートを備える。電子制御ユニット７０には、燃料電池スタック２２の出力端子に接続された電力ラインに取り付けられた電圧センサ２８からの出力電圧Ｖｆｃや同じく電力ラインに取り付けられた電流センサ２９からの出力電流Ｉｆｃ，走行用のモータ２５の回転子の回転位置を検出する回転位置検出センサ２５ａからの回転位置，インバータ２４からモータ２５への電力ラインに取り付けられた図示しない電流センサからの相電流，ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６に取り付けられた図示しない電流センサからの変換電流，車両の外部に取り付けられた外気温センサ８０からの外気温，燃料電池スタック２２を運転するために取り付けられた各種センサからの検出信号（例えば供給管４１に取り付けられた図示しない流量計からの供給空気量や供給管４１の燃料電池スタック２２の供給口近傍に取り付けられた温度センサからの供給空気温度，燃料電池スタック２２に取り付けられた温度センサからのスタック温度，冷却系に取り付けられた温度センサからの冷却水温，水素供給管３２の高圧水素タンク３１近傍に取り付けられた流量計からの供給水素量等）などが入力ポートを介して入力されている。また、電子制御ユニット７０からは、遮断器２３への駆動信号やＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータへのスイッチング制御信号，インバータ２４へのスイッチング制御信号，水素ポンプ３４への駆動信号，水素供給流路３２に設けられた仕切弁３６への駆動信号，エアコンプレッサ４４への駆動信号，霧化器６２〜６６への駆動信号，仕切弁４１ａ，４２ａ，５１ａ，５２ａへの駆動信号などが出力ポートを介して出力されている。   The electronic control unit 70 is configured as a microcomputer centering on the CPU 72, and includes a ROM 74 for storing a processing program, a RAM 76 for temporarily storing data, and an input / output port (not shown) in addition to the CPU 72. The electronic control unit 70 includes an output voltage Vfc from the voltage sensor 28 attached to the power line connected to the output terminal of the fuel cell stack 22, an output current Ifc from the current sensor 29 attached to the power line, and travel. A rotational position from a rotational position detection sensor 25a for detecting the rotational position of the rotor of the motor 25, a phase current from a current sensor (not shown) attached to a power line from the inverter 24 to the motor 25, a DC / DC converter 26 Conversion current from a current sensor (not shown) attached to the vehicle, outside air temperature from an outside air temperature sensor 80 attached to the outside of the vehicle, detection signals (for example, supply) from various sensors attached to operate the fuel cell stack 22 The amount of air supplied from a flow meter (not shown) attached to the pipe 41 and the fuel in the supply pipe 41 Supply air temperature from a temperature sensor attached near the supply port of the pond stack 22, stack temperature from a temperature sensor attached to the fuel cell stack 22, cooling water temperature from a temperature sensor attached to the cooling system, hydrogen supply pipe The amount of hydrogen supplied from a flow meter attached in the vicinity of 32 high-pressure hydrogen tanks 31) is input via an input port. Further, the electronic control unit 70 is provided in the drive signal to the circuit breaker 23, the switching control signal to the DC / DC converter, the switching control signal to the inverter 24, the driving signal to the hydrogen pump 34, and the hydrogen supply flow path 32. The drive signal to the gate valve 36, the drive signal to the air compressor 44, the drive signal to the atomizers 62 to 66, the drive signal to the gate valves 41a, 42a, 51a, 52a, etc. are output via the output port. Has been.

次に、こうして構成された実施例の燃料電池システム２０の動作、特に燃料電池システム２０の運転を停止する際の動作について説明する。図２は、燃料電池システム２０の運転停止が指示されたときに電子制御ユニット７０により実行される運転停止時処理ルーチンの一例を示すフローチャートである。   Next, the operation of the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment configured as described above, particularly the operation when stopping the operation of the fuel cell system 20 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation stop time processing routine executed by the electronic control unit 70 when an instruction to stop the operation of the fuel cell system 20 is given.

この運転停止時処理ルーチンが実行されると、電子制御ユニット７０のＣＰＵ７２は、まず、過去２４時間に外気温センサ８０により検出された外気温と季節情報とを読み込み（ステップＳ１００）、読み込んだ過去２４時間分の外気温と季節情報とに基づいて現時点から２４時間以内における最低温Ｔｍｉｎを推定する処理を実行する（ステップＳ１１０）。ここで、実施例では、過去２４時間分の外気温については、図示しない外気温検出処理ルーチンにより所定時間毎（例えば、１時間毎や３０分毎）に外気温センサ８０により検出されＲＡＭ６６の所定領域に格納されたものをＲＡＭ６６の所定領域から入力するものとし、季節情報については、図示しないカレンダー情報から月日を入力するものとした。また、最低温Ｔｍｉｎは、実施例では、過去２４時間分の外気温の変化から現時点から２４時間の外気温の変化を推定し、その最低温に対して季節情報として入力した月日から季節の平均温度の変化に基づいて補正することにより推定した。   When the processing routine at the time of operation stop is executed, the CPU 72 of the electronic control unit 70 first reads the outside air temperature and season information detected by the outside air temperature sensor 80 in the past 24 hours (step S100), A process of estimating the lowest temperature Tmin within 24 hours from the present time is executed based on the outside air temperature for 24 hours and the season information (step S110). Here, in the embodiment, the outside air temperature for the past 24 hours is detected by the outside air temperature sensor 80 every predetermined time (for example, every hour or every 30 minutes) by an outside air temperature detection processing routine (not shown), and the RAM 66 has a predetermined temperature. The information stored in the area is input from a predetermined area of the RAM 66, and the season information is input from the calendar information (not shown). Further, in the embodiment, the lowest temperature Tmin is estimated from the change in the outside air temperature for the past 24 hours from the change in the outside air temperature for 24 hours from the present time, It estimated by correcting based on the change of average temperature.

こうして最低温Ｔｍｉｎを推定すると、推定した最低温Ｔｍｉｎが閾値Ｔｒｅｆ以下であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１２０）。ここで、閾値Ｔｒｅｆは、水の凍結を予測する温度として設定されるものであり、例えば摂氏０℃や余裕をもった２℃などを用いることができる。推定した最低温Ｔｍｉｎが閾値Ｔｒｅｆより大きいときには、凍結は生じないと判断し、高圧水素タンク３１からの水素供給を停止するよう仕切弁３６を閉成すると共にエアコンプレッサ４４を停止し、さらに、遮断器２３により遮断することにより燃料電池スタック２２の運転を停止して（ステップＳ２００）、本ルーチンを終了する。   When the lowest temperature Tmin is estimated in this way, it is determined whether or not the estimated lowest temperature Tmin is equal to or less than the threshold value Tref (step S120). Here, the threshold value Tref is set as a temperature at which water is predicted to be frozen, and for example, 0 ° C. or 2 ° C. with a margin can be used. When the estimated lowest temperature Tmin is larger than the threshold value Tref, it is determined that freezing does not occur, the gate valve 36 is closed to stop the supply of hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 31, the air compressor 44 is stopped, and the shut-off is performed. The operation of the fuel cell stack 22 is stopped by being shut off by the vessel 23 (step S200), and this routine is finished.

一方、推定した最低温Ｔｍｉｎが閾値Ｔｒｅｆ以下のときには、凍結の可能性があると判断し、供給管４１および排出管５１が加湿器４６をバイパスするよう仕切弁４１ａおよび仕切弁５１ａを閉成すると共に仕切弁４２ａおよび仕切弁５２ａを開成してバイパス供給管４２およびバイパス排出管５２に切り替え（ステップＳ１３０）、エアコンプレッサ４４を掃気用の駆動とし（ステップＳ１４０）、霧化器６２〜６６を作動させ（ステップＳ１５０）、燃料電池スタック２２をアイドル運転し（ステップＳ１６０）、電圧センサ２８からの出力電圧Ｖｆｃや電流センサ２９からの出力電流Ｉｆｃにより燃料電池スタック２２がドライアップするのを待つ（ステップＳ１７０、Ｓ１８０）。このように、霧化器６２〜６６を作動させてエアコンプレッサ４４を駆動すると、燃料電池スタック２２や流量調節弁５４，消音器５６内に残留する水は霧化されて排出される。なお、掃気は、燃料電池スタック２２の空気極側だけで行なわれるが、燃料電池スタック２２における水の生成が空気極側で行なわれることや燃料電池スタック２２の燃料極側に残留する水分が燃料電池スタック２２のアイドル運転の際にプロトンの水和として空気極側に移動したり空気極側と燃料極側の水蒸気の濃度勾配によって移動することを考慮すると、燃料極側で掃気する必要がないことが解る。ここで、エアコンプレッサ４４を掃気用の駆動とするのは、エアコンプレッサ４４は通常燃料電池スタック２２の運転状態に応じて駆動するため、燃料電池スタック２２をアイドル運転するとそれに応じた駆動となり、掃気に適さないからである。また、加湿器４６をバイパスするのは、燃料電池スタック２２や流量調節弁５４，消音器５６に残留する水を除去のために乾燥した空気によって掃気するためである。燃料電池スタック２２のアイドル運転は、実施例では、燃料電池スタック２２を制御可能な最も低い負荷状態として運転する状態のことをいい、具体的には、燃料電池スタック２２からアイドル運転として設定された電流が出力されるようＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６を制御したり、あるいは、燃料電池スタック２２がアイドル運転として設定された電圧となるようＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６を制御することにより行なう。このように燃料電池スタック２２をアイドル運転するのは、掃気の完了を電解質膜のドライアップの現象として判定するためである。固体高分子膜型の燃料電池では、電解質膜は湿潤状態でプロトン伝導性を呈するから、掃気により電解質膜が湿潤状態から少しでも水分が減少してドライアップ状態に至ると、出力電流Ｉｆｃや出力電圧Ｖｆｃは急変する。例えば、燃料電池スタック２２からの出力電流Ｉｆｃが一定となるようＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６を制御すれば出力電圧Ｖｆｃが急激に低下し、燃料電池スタック２２の出力電圧Ｖｆｃが一定となるようＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２６を制御すれば出力電流Ｉｆｃが急激に小さくなる。実施例では、こうしたドライアップの現象が生じるのを待って掃気の完了とするのである。このように、燃料電池スタック２２のドライアップを掃気の完了とすることにより、少なくとも燃料電池スタック２２内に残留する余分な水が除去できているのを確認することができると共に過剰な掃気による燃料電池スタック２２の電解質膜の過剰な乾燥を抑止することができる。   On the other hand, when the estimated lowest temperature Tmin is equal to or lower than the threshold Tref, it is determined that there is a possibility of freezing, and the gate valve 41a and the gate valve 51a are closed so that the supply pipe 41 and the discharge pipe 51 bypass the humidifier 46. At the same time, the gate valve 42a and the gate valve 52a are opened and switched to the bypass supply pipe 42 and the bypass discharge pipe 52 (step S130), the air compressor 44 is driven for scavenging (step S140), and the atomizers 62 to 66 are operated. (Step S150), the fuel cell stack 22 is idled (step S160), and waits for the fuel cell stack 22 to dry up by the output voltage Vfc from the voltage sensor 28 or the output current Ifc from the current sensor 29 (step S160). S170, S180). As described above, when the atomizers 62 to 66 are operated to drive the air compressor 44, the water remaining in the fuel cell stack 22, the flow rate adjustment valve 54, and the silencer 56 is atomized and discharged. The scavenging is performed only on the air electrode side of the fuel cell stack 22, but the generation of water in the fuel cell stack 22 is performed on the air electrode side and the moisture remaining on the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell stack 22 is the fuel. In consideration of moving to the air electrode side as proton hydration during the idle operation of the battery stack 22 or moving due to the concentration gradient of water vapor on the air electrode side and the fuel electrode side, there is no need to scavenge on the fuel electrode side. I understand that. Here, the air compressor 44 is driven for scavenging because the air compressor 44 is normally driven in accordance with the operating state of the fuel cell stack 22, so that when the fuel cell stack 22 is idling, the air compressor 44 is driven accordingly. It is because it is not suitable for. The reason why the humidifier 46 is bypassed is to scavenge the water remaining in the fuel cell stack 22, the flow control valve 54, and the silencer 56 with dry air for removal. In the embodiment, the idle operation of the fuel cell stack 22 refers to a state in which the fuel cell stack 22 is operated as the lowest controllable load state. Specifically, the idle operation is set from the fuel cell stack 22 as an idle operation. This is done by controlling the DC / DC converter 26 so that a current is output, or by controlling the DC / DC converter 26 so that the fuel cell stack 22 has a voltage set for idle operation. The reason why the fuel cell stack 22 is idling in this way is to determine completion of scavenging as a phenomenon of electrolyte membrane dry-up. In a solid polymer membrane type fuel cell, the electrolyte membrane exhibits proton conductivity in a wet state. Therefore, when scavenging causes the electrolyte membrane to slightly dry from the wet state to a dry-up state, the output current Ifc and output The voltage Vfc changes suddenly. For example, if the DC / DC converter 26 is controlled so that the output current Ifc from the fuel cell stack 22 is constant, the output voltage Vfc is abruptly decreased, and the output voltage Vfc of the fuel cell stack 22 is constant. When the converter 26 is controlled, the output current Ifc decreases rapidly. In the embodiment, the scavenging is completed after waiting for such a dry-up phenomenon to occur. As described above, when the scavenging of the fuel cell stack 22 is completed, it is possible to confirm that at least the excess water remaining in the fuel cell stack 22 has been removed and the fuel by the excessive scavenging. Excessive drying of the electrolyte membrane of the battery stack 22 can be suppressed.

燃料電池スタック２２がドライアップすると、霧化器６２〜６６の作動を停止し（ステップＳ１９０）、高圧水素タンク３１からの水素供給を停止するよう仕切弁３６を閉成すると共にエアコンプレッサ４４を停止し、さらに、遮断器２３により遮断することにより燃料電池スタック２２の運転を停止して（ステップＳ２００）、本ルーチンを終了する。   When the fuel cell stack 22 is dried up, the operation of the atomizers 62 to 66 is stopped (step S190), the gate valve 36 is closed and the air compressor 44 is stopped so as to stop the hydrogen supply from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 31. Further, the operation of the fuel cell stack 22 is stopped by being interrupted by the circuit breaker 23 (step S200), and this routine is terminated.

以上説明した実施例の燃料電池システム２０によれば、２４時間以内に水が凍結する可能性があるときには、燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０に取り付けられた流量調節弁５４，消音器５６に霧化器６２〜６６を取り付けて内部に残留する水を霧化すると共にエアコンプレッサ４４を駆動して掃気してから燃料電池システム２０を停止するから、迅速に燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０に残留する水を除去することができると共に燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０の流量調節弁５４，消音器５６が凍結するのを抑制することができる。しかも、空気排出系５０の内部に残留する水を霧化して排出するから、排気口から水滴が放出されて飛散するのを抑止することができる。また、掃気の際に燃料電池スタック２２をアイドル運転して燃料電池スタック２２のドライアップの現象が生じたときに掃気の完了を判定するから、長時間に及ぶ無駄な掃気を抑止することができると共に過剰な掃気による燃料電池スタック２２の電解質膜の過剰な乾燥を抑止することができる。また、掃気の際に加湿器４６をバイパスするから、迅速に掃気を完了することができる。   According to the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment described above, when there is a possibility of water freezing within 24 hours, the flow control valve 54 and the silencer 56 attached to the fuel cell stack 22 and the air discharge system 50 are used. Since the atomizers 62 to 66 are attached to atomize water remaining in the interior and the air compressor 44 is driven to scavenge the fuel cell system 20 and then the fuel cell system 20 is stopped. In addition, the remaining water can be removed and the fuel cell stack 22, the flow control valve 54 of the air discharge system 50, and the silencer 56 can be prevented from freezing. In addition, since the water remaining in the air discharge system 50 is atomized and discharged, it is possible to prevent water droplets from being discharged and scattered from the exhaust port. Further, since the completion of scavenging is determined when the fuel cell stack 22 is idle-operated during the scavenging and the dry-up phenomenon of the fuel cell stack 22 occurs, it is possible to suppress unnecessary scavenging for a long time. At the same time, excessive drying of the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell stack 22 due to excessive scavenging can be suppressed. Moreover, since the humidifier 46 is bypassed during scavenging, scavenging can be completed quickly.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０では、過去２４時間以内に検出された外気温と季節情報とに基づいて現時点から２４時間以内の最低温Ｔｍｉｎを推定し、この最低温Ｔｍｉｎが閾値Ｔｒｅｆ以下のときに凍結の可能性があると判定したが、凍結の可能性の判定は、こうした手法に限定されるものではなく、いかなる手法を用いて行なってもよい。   In the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment, the lowest temperature Tmin within 24 hours from the present time is estimated based on the outside air temperature and seasonal information detected within the past 24 hours, and when this lowest temperature Tmin is equal to or less than the threshold value Tref. Although it is determined that there is a possibility of freezing, the determination of the possibility of freezing is not limited to such a method, and any method may be used.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０では、燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０に取り付けられた流量調節弁５４，消音器５６に霧化器６２〜６６を取り付けたが、空気排出系５０に取り付けられた機器であればいかなる機器に霧化器を取り付けるものとしてもよいし、空気排出系５０の排出管５１のベンド部などに霧化器を取り付けるものとしてもよい。また、加湿器４６に霧化器を取り付け、加湿器４６に残留する水をも掃気するものとしてもよい。この場合、供給管４１や排出管５１のバイパス管４２，５２に切り替える必要はない。   In the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment, the atomizers 62 to 66 are attached to the flow rate control valve 54 and the silencer 56 attached to the fuel cell stack 22 and the air exhaust system 50, but are attached to the air exhaust system 50. As long as it is a device, the atomizer may be attached to any device, or the atomizer may be attached to the bend portion of the discharge pipe 51 of the air discharge system 50. Further, an atomizer may be attached to the humidifier 46 to scavenge water remaining in the humidifier 46. In this case, it is not necessary to switch to the supply pipe 41 or the bypass pipes 42 and 52 of the discharge pipe 51.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０では、燃料電池スタック２２や空気排出系５０に取り付けられた流量調節弁５４，消音器５６に霧化器６２〜６６を取り付けたが、燃料電池スタック２２には霧化器を取り付けるが空気排出系５０に取り付けられた流量調節弁５４，消音器５６には霧化器を取り付けないものとしてもよく、逆に、燃料電池スタック２２には霧化器は取り付けないが空気排出系５０に取り付けられた流量調節弁５４，消音器５６には霧化器を取り付けるものとしてもよい。   In the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment, the atomizers 62 to 66 are attached to the flow rate control valve 54 and the silencer 56 attached to the fuel cell stack 22 and the air discharge system 50, but the fuel cell stack 22 is atomized. However, the flow control valve 54 and the silencer 56 attached to the air discharge system 50 may not be attached to the atomizer, and conversely, the fuel cell stack 22 is not attached with the atomizer but air. An atomizer may be attached to the flow control valve 54 and the silencer 56 attached to the discharge system 50.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０では、燃料電池システム２０の運転を停止する際に霧化器６２〜６６を作動して掃気するものとしたが、空気排出系５０に取り付けられた霧化器６４，６６については、燃料電池システム２０を運転している最中でも作動するものとしてもよい。こうすれば、燃料電池システム２０を運転している最中でも空気排出系５０の内部に残留する水を霧化して排出するから、排気口から水滴が放出されて飛散するのを抑止することができる。したがって、放出された水滴が飛散して後続の車両にかかるなどの不都合を抑止することができる。   In the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment, when the operation of the fuel cell system 20 is stopped, the atomizers 62 to 66 are operated and scavenged, but the atomizer 64 attached to the air discharge system 50, 66 may operate even while the fuel cell system 20 is in operation. By so doing, the water remaining inside the air discharge system 50 is atomized and discharged even during the operation of the fuel cell system 20, so that it is possible to prevent water droplets from being discharged and scattered from the exhaust port. . Accordingly, it is possible to suppress inconveniences such as the discharged water droplets being scattered and being applied to the following vehicle.

実施例の燃料電池システム２０では、燃料電池スタック２２をアイドル運転して掃気の完了を燃料電池スタック２２のドライアップにより判定するものとしたが、燃料電池スタック２２の運転を停止した状態で燃料電池スタック２２の抵抗値を検出し、この抵抗値の変化に基づいて掃気の完了を判定するものとしてもよい。   In the fuel cell system 20 of the embodiment, the fuel cell stack 22 is idle-operated and the completion of scavenging is determined by dry-up of the fuel cell stack 22. However, the fuel cell stack 22 is stopped and the fuel cell stack 22 is stopped. The resistance value of the stack 22 may be detected, and the completion of scavenging may be determined based on the change in the resistance value.

以上説明した実施例では、本発明の燃料電池システムを電力源として搭載する自動車に適用するものとしたが、燃料電池システムを搭載する自動車に限定されるものではなく、自動車以外の列車などの車両を含む各種の地上移動体に燃料電池システムを搭載するものとしてもよいし、地上移動体以外の移動体に燃料電池システムを搭載するものとしてもよい。また、燃料電池システムを移動体以外の設備などに組み込むものとしてもよい。   In the embodiments described above, the fuel cell system of the present invention is applied to an automobile equipped with a power source. However, the invention is not limited to an automobile equipped with a fuel cell system, and vehicles such as trains other than automobiles. It is good also as what mounts a fuel cell system on various ground moving bodies containing No. It is good also as what mounts a fuel cell system on moving bodies other than a ground moving body. Further, the fuel cell system may be incorporated in equipment other than the moving body.

以上、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について実施例を用いて説明したが、本発明はこうした実施例に何等限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において、種々なる形態で実施し得ることは勿論である。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course, it can be implemented in the form.

本発明の一実施例としての燃料電池車に電力源として搭載された燃料電池システム２０の構成の概略を示すシステム構成図である。1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a fuel cell system 20 mounted as a power source in a fuel cell vehicle as one embodiment of the present invention. 電子制御ユニット７０により実行される運転停止時処理ルーチンの一例を示すフローチャートである。4 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing routine at the time of operation stop executed by an electronic control unit 70.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２０ 燃料電池システム、２２ 燃料電池スタック、２３ 遮断器、２４ インバータ、２５ モータ、２５ａ 回転位置検出センサ、２６ ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、２７ 二次電池、２８ 電圧センサ、２９ 電流センサ、３０ 水素供給系、３１ 高圧水素タンク、３２ 水素供給流路、３３ 水素循環流路、３４ 水素ポンプ、３５ 分岐管、３６ 仕切弁、４０ 空気供給系、４１ 供給管、４１ａ，４２ａ，５１ａ，５２ａ 仕切弁、４２ バイパス供給管、４３ マスフローメータ、４４ エアコンプレッサ、４６ 加湿器、５０ 空気排出系、５１ 排出管、５２ バイパス排出管、５４、流量調節弁、５６ 消音器、６２〜６６ 霧化器、 ７０ 電子制御ユニット、７２ ＣＰＵ、７４ ＲＯＭ、７６ ＲＡＭ、８０ 外気温センサ。   20 fuel cell system, 22 fuel cell stack, 23 circuit breaker, 24 inverter, 25 motor, 25a rotational position detection sensor, 26 DC / DC converter, 27 secondary battery, 28 voltage sensor, 29 current sensor, 30 hydrogen supply system, 31 High pressure hydrogen tank, 32 Hydrogen supply flow path, 33 Hydrogen circulation flow path, 34 Hydrogen pump, 35 Branch pipe, 36 Gate valve, 40 Air supply system, 41 Supply pipe, 41a, 42a, 51a, 52a Gate valve, 42 Bypass Supply pipe, 43 Mass flow meter, 44 Air compressor, 46 Humidifier, 50 Air discharge system, 51 Discharge pipe, 52 Bypass discharge pipe, 54, Flow control valve, 56 Silencer, 62-66 Atomizer, 70 Electronic control unit 72 CPU, 74 ROM, 76 RAM, 80 Outside air temperature sensor.

Claims (14)

水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタック内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、
前記燃料電池スタック内の霧化した水を該燃料電池スタック外に排出可能な排出手段と、
燃料電池システムの停止指示がなされ所定の作動条件が成立したときに、前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack that generates electric power with generation of water,
Atomizing means for atomizing water in the fuel cell stack;
Discharging means capable of discharging the atomized water in the fuel cell stack to the outside of the fuel cell stack;
Drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when an instruction to stop the fuel cell system is made and a predetermined operating condition is established;
A fuel cell system comprising: 前記霧化手段は、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして供給される空気の流路内の水を霧化する手段である請求項１記載の燃料電池システム。   2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the atomizing means is means for atomizing water in a flow path of air supplied as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack. 請求項１または２記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして空気を供給する空気供給手段と、
前記燃料電池スタックから酸化ガスとしての空気を排出する空気排出手段と、
前記空気供給手段における供給用の空気と前記空気排出手段における排出用の空気とによる水の授受により該供給用の空気を加湿する加湿手段と、
を備え、
前記排出手段は、前記加湿手段を作動させない状態として機能する前記空気供給手段と前記空気排出手段である
燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
Air supply means for supplying air as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack;
Air discharge means for discharging air as oxidizing gas from the fuel cell stack;
Humidifying means for humidifying the supply air by water exchange between the supply air in the air supply means and the discharge air in the air discharge means;
With
The exhaust means is the air supply means and the air exhaust means that function as a state in which the humidifying means is not operated. 前記空気排出手段に取り付けられた機器内の水を霧化する霧化手段を備える請求項３記載の燃料電池システム。   The fuel cell system according to claim 3, further comprising an atomizing unit that atomizes water in the device attached to the air discharging unit. 水の生成を伴って発電する燃料電池スタックを備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックからのオフガスが流通する排気通路と、
該排気通路内の水を霧化する霧化手段と、
前記排気通路内の霧化した水を外部に排出する排出手段と、
所定の作動条件が成立したときに、前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させる排水制御手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack that generates electric power with generation of water,
An exhaust passage through which off-gas from the fuel cell stack flows;
Atomizing means for atomizing water in the exhaust passage;
Discharging means for discharging the atomized water in the exhaust passage to the outside;
Drainage control means for operating the atomizing means and operating the discharge means when a predetermined operating condition is established;
A fuel cell system comprising: 前記霧化手段は、前記排気通路の屈曲部または該排気通路に取り付けられた機器に取り付けられてなる請求項５記載の燃料電池システム。   6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the atomizing means is attached to a bent portion of the exhaust passage or a device attached to the exhaust passage. 前記機器は、バルブまたは消音器である請求項６記載の燃料電池システム。   The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the device is a valve or a silencer. 前記排気通路は、前記燃料電池スタックに酸化剤として供給された空気の排気通路である請求項５ないし７いずれか記載の燃料電池システム。   The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the exhaust passage is an exhaust passage of air supplied as an oxidant to the fuel cell stack. 請求項５または８記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックに酸化ガスとして空気を供給する空気供給手段と、
前記空気供給手段における供給用の空気と前記燃料電池スタックから排出される空気とによる水の授受により該供給用の空気を加湿する加湿手段と、
を備え、
前記排出手段は、前記加湿手段を作動させない状態として機能する前記空気供給手段である
燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to claim 5 or 8, wherein
Air supply means for supplying air as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack;
Humidification means for humidifying the supply air by supplying and receiving water by supply air in the air supply means and air discharged from the fuel cell stack;
With
The said discharge means is the said air supply means which functions as the state which does not operate the said humidification means Fuel cell system. 請求項１ないし９のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックのドライアップを検出するドライアップ検出手段を備え、
前記排水制御手段は、前記燃料電池スタックを所定の低負荷運転した状態で前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させ、前記ドライアップ検出手段により前記燃料電池スタックのドライアップが検出されたときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段を停止する手段である
燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Comprising dry-up detection means for detecting dry-up of the fuel cell stack;
The drainage control unit operates the atomization unit and the discharge unit while the fuel cell stack is operated at a predetermined low load, and the dryup detection unit detects dryup of the fuel cell stack. A fuel cell system that stops the atomization means and the discharge means when the fuel cell system is turned off. 請求項１ないし９のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックの抵抗を検出するスタック抵抗検出手段を備え、
前記排水制御手段は、前記燃料電池スタックの運転を停止した状態で前記霧化手段を作動させると共に前記排出手段を作動させ、前記スタック抵抗検出手段により前記燃料電池スタックの抵抗が所定値以上となったときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段を停止する手段である
燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A stack resistance detecting means for detecting the resistance of the fuel cell stack;
The drainage control means operates the atomization means and the discharge means in a state where the operation of the fuel cell stack is stopped, and the resistance of the fuel cell stack becomes a predetermined value or more by the stack resistance detection means. A fuel cell system that stops the atomization means and the discharge means when the fuel cell system is turned off. 請求項１ないし１１のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックが所定時間内に所定温度未満の低温に至るか否かを推定する低温推定手段を備え、
前記排水制御手段は、前記低温推定手段により前記燃料電池スタックが前記所定温度未満の低温に至ると推定されたときに前記霧化手段と前記排出手段とを作動させる手段である
燃料電池システム。 The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
Low temperature estimation means for estimating whether or not the fuel cell stack reaches a low temperature below a predetermined temperature within a predetermined time,
The drainage control unit is a unit that operates the atomization unit and the discharge unit when the low temperature estimation unit estimates that the fuel cell stack reaches a low temperature lower than the predetermined temperature. 前記霧化手段は、超音波振動子を用いて加振することにより水を霧化する手段である請求項１ないし１２いずれか記載の燃料電池システム。   The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the atomizing means is means for atomizing water by applying vibration using an ultrasonic vibrator. 請求項１ないし１３いずれか記載の燃料電池システムを電力源として搭載する移動体。   A moving body equipped with the fuel cell system according to claim 1 as a power source.
JP2004060952A 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Fuel cell system and moving body mounting the same Pending JP2005251576A (en)

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