JP2005242232A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image display device capable of bright multicolor display with high resolution and a high contrast. <P>SOLUTION: An image display medium 1 is constituted by forming an internal space by arranging a surface substrate 2 which transmits light and a back substrate 3 having a colored layer 32 on its internal surface at a specified interval, forming cells 4A and 4B with partition members 5 and 5 in the formed internal space, and charging white particles 6A and black particles 6B in the respective cells. Row electrodes 21 for display and electrodes 22 for particle restriction are formed on the surface substrate 2 and column electrodes 31 are formed on the back substrate 3. A colored layer display voltage generation part 15 applies a 1st alternating voltage to the row electrodes 21 for display. The electrodes 22 for particle restriction are formed on the opposite side from a scanning direction and the electrodes 22 for particle regulation apply a 2nd alternating voltage to the column electrodes 31 so that the respective moved particles 6A to 6B will not return. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display apparatus that displays an image by moving colored particles by an electric field, and more particularly to an image display apparatus that can perform bright multicolor display with high resolution and high contrast.

  As a conventional image display apparatus, an apparatus that displays an image by moving colored particles by an electric field is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The image display medium has a translucent surface substrate in which column electrodes formed on a surface substrate member are protected by a dielectric film, and a back surface in which row electrodes formed on the back substrate member are protected by a dielectric film. A substrate, a partition member that forms a plurality of cells by partitioning the substrates in a direction parallel to the substrate, and a negatively charged white particle group and a positively charged black particle A group is sealed in each cell, and one pixel is set for each cell.

  In this image display device, when a DC voltage is applied between the row electrode and the column electrode, an electric field is formed in the pixel between the electrodes, and white particles and black particles move toward the front substrate or the rear substrate depending on the direction of the electric field. Due to the contrast between the white particles and the black particles that have moved and adhered to the inside of the surface substrate, black and white image display is performed through the surface substrate.

  According to this configuration, since the display does not disappear unless the electric field is changed, it is possible to provide a memory property, and liquid is not required unlike an image display medium using electrophoresis or magnetophoresis. A high-speed and high-contrast image can be displayed.

  Further, as a conventional image display device capable of performing color display, a device in which a colored layer is provided on the back substrate side and the color of the colored layer is displayed in addition to the particle color is known (for example, see Patent Document 2). .)

In this image display device, the black and white display method is the same as that of Patent Document 1, but when displaying the color of the colored layer on the back substrate, an alternating voltage having a predetermined frequency is applied between the electrodes corresponding to the pixels. In addition to applying the voltage, the surrounding electrodes are grounded (0 V applied) or less than the voltage at which the particles move between the substrates, so that the particles existing in the pixel are retreated to the periphery, and white particles and black particles on the colored layer So that the color of the colored layer can be seen through the surface substrate. Thereby, multi-color display of three or more colors becomes possible.
JP 2003-107533 A ([0015] to [0044], FIGS. 1 to 6) JP 2002-169191 A ([0075] to [0090], [0106] to [0110], FIG. 8)

  However, according to the conventional image display device, since one pixel is provided for each cell, when trying to increase the resolution by reducing the pixel pitch, the partition member needs a certain width or more, The effective aperture ratio becomes small and a bright image cannot be displayed. Therefore, when a plurality of pixels are provided for each cell, electrodes are formed corresponding to each pixel, scanning is performed by a simple matrix driving method (passive matrix), and an alternating voltage is applied to display the color of the back substrate. Since the particles removed by applying the alternating voltage move in the same direction in all directions, the moved particles return to the pixel from which the particles have been scanned first, and the color contrast of the back substrate is lowered. become.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device capable of performing bright multicolor display with high resolution and high contrast.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an image display configured such that a plurality of cells each enclosing a group of positively or negatively charged particles are arranged in an array, and each cell has a plurality of pixels. A medium, first electric field applying means for applying a first alternating electric field to the plurality of pixels in the cell in a predetermined scanning direction, and second moving the particle group in the predetermined scanning direction. And a second electric field applying means for applying the alternating electric field.

  According to the above configuration, when the first alternating electric field is applied to a certain target pixel, the particle group existing in the target pixel moves to an adjacent pixel to which the first alternating electric field is not applied. Therefore, by applying the second alternating electric field to the target pixel, the particle group that has been saved by applying the first alternating electric field to the target pixel does not return to the previously scanned pixel, and the back color of the cell is increased. It can be displayed with contrast.

  The “plurality of cells” are preferably arranged in a two-dimensional array such as a stripe in the direction perpendicular to gravity, or a lattice or staggered pattern. Thereby, the fall by the gravity of particle | grains and the bias | inclination of particle | grains can be prevented. The “plural pixels” of the cell may be arranged in a matrix or may be arranged in a line in the scanning direction. “Back color of the cell” is the color of the back substrate when the back substrate that constitutes the cell is colored. When a transparent back substrate is used, it enters from the back of the back substrate and passes through the back substrate. It becomes the color of light.

  “First alternating electric field scanning” is a simple matrix drive in which a pair of electrodes are arranged via an array of cells (cell array), one electrode being a plurality of column electrodes and the other electrode being a plurality of row electrodes. Can be performed. Also, active matrix driving that applies a voltage independently for each pixel, with one electrode of the pair of electrodes being an independent pixel electrode for each pixel and the other electrode being a full-surface electrode, or both as pixel electrodes. Can be used. Alternatively, a voltage may be applied while moving an electrode head in which an electrode on the back side of the cell array is a full-surface electrode and an isolated electrode is formed in a line in proximity to the upper side of the cell array. Here, the present invention is effective when the drive voltage for displaying each pixel in the cell is scanned for each electrode (that is, when no voltage is applied to each electrode in the cell simultaneously).

  According to the image display device of the present invention, since the second alternating electric field for moving the particle group is applied in the scanning direction for applying the first alternating electric field, the particle group does not return to the previously scanned pixel. High-contrast back color display can be performed. Further, since a plurality of pixels are provided for each cell, a bright image with high resolution can be obtained.

(Overall configuration of image display device)
FIG. 1 schematically shows an image display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. This image display device 10 includes an image display medium 1 mainly composed of a surface group 2, a back substrate 3, and particle groups composed of white particles 6A and black particles 6B, and an electric field by applying a voltage to the image display medium 1. The voltage application unit 13 serving as an electric field application unit for applying voltage and the control unit 12 for controlling the voltage application unit 13 based on image data stored in the image storage unit 11 are schematically configured.

(Configuration of each part of the image display device)
The voltage application unit 13 includes an initialization voltage generation unit 14 that outputs an alternating voltage for initialization, and a colored layer display that generates a first alternating voltage for performing color display on the rear substrate 3 of the image display medium 1. An image is formed by the voltage generator 15 for voltage generation, the voltage generator 16 for voltage regulation for generating a second alternating voltage that regulates the movement of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B, and the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B. And a particle color display voltage generator 17 for generating a DC voltage.

  The initialization voltage generator 14 applies an alternating voltage (for example, ± 200 V) of a predetermined frequency (for example, 100 Hz to 10 kHz) to all the pixels, and attaches the white particles 6A to one of the substrates to make the black Used to attach the particles 6B to the other substrate side.

  The colored layer display voltage generating unit 15 generates a first alternating voltage (for example, ± 70 V) having a predetermined frequency (for example, 400 Hz) as the alternating voltage generated by the initialization voltage generating unit 14 to generate a back substrate. 3 is applied to the target pixel to be displayed in color 3, and used to move the particles 6A and 6B existing in the target pixel in other directions.

  The particle regulating voltage generator 16 outputs a second alternating voltage (for example, ± 100 V) synchronized with the first alternating voltage, and regulates the movement of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B in the cell 4. It is used for this purpose.

  The particle color display voltage generator 17 is used when performing two-color display using the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B, and outputs, for example, a DC voltage of DC 140V.

  The control unit 12 includes, for example, a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input / output interface (I / F) circuit, and the like. The CPU selects and operates each of the voltage generators 14 to 17 according to a control program stored in the ROM, and applies a voltage to each electrode in the front substrate 2 and the rear substrate 3 based on the image data from the image storage unit 11. Is applied. The control unit 12 and the image storage unit 11 may constitute a personal computer. The image storage unit 11 may input image data via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network).

(Overall configuration of image display medium)
In the image display medium 1, as shown in FIG. 1, the direction of the arrow A is the direction in which the display content is viewed. An image display medium 1 includes a surface substrate 2 as a first substrate having translucency, a back substrate 3 as a second substrate disposed so as to face the surface substrate 2, and between the substrates 2 and 3. Are opposed to each other at a minute interval and held in a direction parallel to the substrates 2 and 3 to form a plurality of cells 4A and 4B, and are enclosed in the cells 4A and 4B. It has two chargeable particle groups composed of white particles 6A and black particles 6B having different charging characteristics. In FIG. 1, only two cells 4A and 4B are shown, but in actuality, there are more cells depending on the number of pixels. In this embodiment, white and black particles are used, but other color particles may be combined.

(Configuration of each part of the image display medium)
For example, the surface substrate 2 includes a surface substrate member 20 made of a transparent glass substrate having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a plurality of transparent strips made of indium tin oxide (ITO) formed on the surface substrate member 20. Display row display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C, particle regulation electrodes 22A, 22B, and 22C formed on the opposite side of the scanning direction 7 of these display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C, and these A dielectric layer 23 made of polycarbonate or the like that protects the display row electrodes 21A, 21B, 21C and the particle regulating electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C and stabilizes the charging characteristics of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B. It is configured by stacking. The plurality of display row display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.

  For the dielectric layer 23, polycarbonate, polyester, polyimide, epoxy, or the like can be used according to the charging characteristics of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B enclosed in the cells 4A and 4B. The dielectric layer 23 can contain a charge transport material in the insulating material. Depending on the properties of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B, the chargeability of the particles 6A and 6B can be improved by increasing the chargeability of the particles by charge injection or when the charge amount of these particles becomes extremely large. It is possible to obtain effects such as leakage and stabilizing the charge amount of the particles 6A and 6B.

  The back substrate 3 includes, for example, a back substrate member 30 made of epoxy resin having a thickness of 0.6 mm, a plurality of strip-like column electrodes 31 formed on one side of the back substrate member 30 and made of copper foil, and the like. The column electrode 31 is protected, the charging characteristics of the particles 6A and 6B are stabilized, and a color layer 32 having a color different from that of the particles 6A and 6B, for example, red coloring, is provided. ing. When the charging characteristics of the colored layer 32 and the particles 6A and 6B are not compatible, a dielectric layer that matches the charging characteristics of the particles 6A and 6B as described above may be provided on the colored layer.

  In FIG. 1, three column electrodes 31 are provided in one cell 4, three display row display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C are also provided in one cell 4, and the column electrode 31 and display row display are provided. The row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C are arranged so as to intersect with each other, and configured to apply a voltage to the pixels between the electrodes by simple matrix driving. Since only one column electrode 31 is arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. Although the number of row electrodes and column electrodes of each cell 4 is three, the number can be any number, and the resolution can be increased as the number per cell increases.

  The colored layer 32 is formed, for example, by applying a colored resin material to the back substrate member 30 or attaching a film-like material. As the base material of the colored layer 32, a dielectric material that is charged when a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes 21 and 31 is used as a material in the same manner as the dielectric layer 23, and the voltage application between the electrodes 21 and 31 is completed. Even after the charging, the particles 6A and 6B attached to the back substrate 3 side are kept charged.

  The partition member 5 is formed on the back substrate 3 by, for example, screen-printing ink made of a thermosetting resin and repeating the process of heating and baking in an oven a plurality of times until the partition member 5 reaches a desired height. Is done. The end face of the partition member 5 formed on the back substrate 3 and the front substrate 2 are preferably joined with an adhesive or the like from the viewpoint of stabilizing the substrate interval and preventing the movement of particles between cells. As the partition member 5, in addition to the thermosetting resin, an insulating material such as a thermoplastic resin, an electron beam curable resin, a photocurable resin, or rubber can be used. As an adhesive that joins the partition member 5 and the surface substrate 2, a thermoplastic adhesive, a thermally activated adhesive, a hot-pressure adhesive, an ultraviolet curable adhesive, or the like can be used.

  The white particles 6 </ b> A and the black particles 6 </ b> B are charged with different polarities due to frictional charging caused by mutual friction. Here, the white particles 6A are negatively charged, and the black particles 6B are positively charged.

  The white particles 6A are, for example, spherical particles of titanium oxide-containing crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate having a volume average particle diameter of 20 μm (classified by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. Techpolymer MBX-20-White) in 100 parts by weight of isopropyltrimethoxysilane. It can be obtained by externally adding 0.4 parts by weight of the treated titania fine powder.

  As the black particles 6B, for example, spherical fine particles of carbon-containing cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate having a volume average particle diameter of 20 μm (classified by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. Techpolymer MBX-20-Black) can be used.

  Next, the operation of the image display device 10 will be described.

(Display of black and white image)
When performing two-color display using the white particles 6 </ b> A and the black particles 6 </ b> B, the control unit 12 outputs a control signal to the voltage application unit 13 based on the image data stored in the image storage unit 11. Here, it is assumed that an initialization alternating voltage is applied to all electrodes by the initialization voltage generator 14 and the entire surface is white. Based on the control signal from the control unit 12, the voltage application unit 13 applies a selection voltage (for example, −70V) to the row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C from the particle color display voltage generation unit 17 in the scanning direction 7 shown in FIG. The image voltage (for example, +70 V) is applied to each column electrode 31 in accordance with the image data for a predetermined time (for example, 20 ms) in synchronization with this. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the positively charged black particles 6B move to the side of the row electrode 21 to which negative is applied and adhere to the inner surface of the surface substrate 2, and the negatively charged white particles 6A become positive. It moves to the column electrode 31 side to which is applied and adheres to the inner surface of the back substrate 3. In this way, a black image is displayed through the front substrate 2.

  Even if the application of voltage to the column electrode 31 and the display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C is stopped, the electrostatic adhesion force between the particles 6A and 6B and the dielectric layer 23 and the colored layer 32 that also serves as the dielectric layer. Therefore, the particles 6A and 6B are held while adhering to the inner surfaces of the substrates 2 and 3, and a black and white image is displayed for a long time. Further, when the same voltage is applied to the particle regulating electrodes 22A, 22B, and 22C simultaneously with the voltage application to the display row electrodes 21A, 21B, and 21C, the particle regulating electrode portion can also be used for black and white display by particles. Black and white display with higher contrast can be performed.

(Principle of colored layer display)
Next, the display principle of the colored layer 32 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 2 shows voltage waveforms output from the voltage application unit 13 to the electrodes 21 and 31. (A) is the 1st alternating voltage applied to the row electrode 21 for a display, (b) is the 1st alternating voltage applied to the column electrode 31, (c) is to the object pixel a shown to (f). The applied voltage, (d) shows the applied voltage applied to the adjacent pixels b and c shown in (f), and (e) shows 0V applied to the adjacent pixel d shown in (f). FIG. 3A shows an application state of the first alternating voltage for displaying the colored layer 32. Here, the white particles 6A are attached to the display row electrodes 21B and 21C, and the black particles 6B are present in the column electrodes 31 corresponding to the display row electrodes 21B and 21C.

  Next, the control unit 12 sends a control signal to the voltage application unit 13 to output a first alternating voltage as shown in FIG. 2A from the colored layer display voltage generation unit 15 to display the display row electrode 21B. And a first alternating voltage having a phase opposite to that of the column electrode 31 is applied to the column electrode 31. As shown in FIG. 3A, when −70 V is applied to the display row electrode 21B, +70 V is applied to the column electrode 31, and the other display row electrodes 21A and 21C and the particle regulating electrode 22C are set to 0 V. Is applied. Further, −100 V is applied to the particle regulating electrode 22B.

  At this time, vectors of electrostatic forces F1 and F2 from the particle regulating electrode 22B and electrostatic forces F3 from the display row electrode 21B are generated. The white particles 6A generally move from the display row electrode 21B in a direction parallel to the directions F2 and F3, and the black particles 6B move upward.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3B, + 70V is applied to the display row electrode 21B, −70V is applied to the column electrode 31, and the other display row electrodes 21A and 21C and the particle regulating electrode 22C are 0V is applied. Further, +100 V is applied to the particle regulating electrode 22B.

  At this time, vectors of electrostatic forces F1 and F2 from the particle regulating electrode 22B and electrostatic force F3 from the display row electrode 21B are generated, and the black particles 6B move in a direction parallel to the electrostatic forces F2 and F3 as a whole. Then, the white particles 6A move upward.

  As described above, when the first alternating voltage is applied to the display row electrode 21B, the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B are moved in a direction parallel to the directions of F2 and F3 as a whole. By repeating the application shown in (a) and (b), the particles 6A and 6B are moved in a direction parallel to the electrostatic forces F2 and F3, and the display row electrode 21B and the corresponding column electrode 31 are moved. Thus, the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B do not exist, and the color of the colored layer 32 can be seen from the A direction through the surface substrate 2 without lowering the contrast.

(Specific example of display of colored layer)
FIG. 4 shows a method for restricting the movement of the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B. First, the colored layer display voltage generator 15 applies a first alternating voltage (± 70 V) to the first display row electrode 21A of the cell 4 in FIG. A first alternating voltage (± 70V) in reverse phase is applied to the column electrode 31, a second alternating voltage (± 100V) is applied to the particle regulating electrode 22A, and 0V is applied to the other electrodes. To do. Then, as shown in FIG. 4A, the particles 6A and 6B existing in the pixels in the first row reciprocate between the substrates 2 and 3, while other pixels (in the second row and the third row in the figure). Move to the eye pixel).

  In the state of FIG. 4A, the colored layer display voltage generator 15 applies a first alternating voltage (to the second display row electrode 21B of the cell 4 of FIG. 4 under the control of the controller 12). ± 70 V) is applied, a first alternating voltage (± 70 V) having a phase opposite to that is applied to the column electrode 31, a second alternating voltage (± 100 V) is applied to the particle regulating electrode 22 B, and 0V is applied to the other electrodes. Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, the particles 6A and 6B existing in the pixels in the second row move to other pixels (pixels in the third row in the figure).

  As a result, the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B do not exist in the pixels in the first and second rows, and the color of the colored layer 32 on the front surface of the column electrode 31 does not decrease the contrast from the A direction through the surface substrate 2. Become visible. When displaying the pixels in the third row, the white particles 6A and the black particles 6B move to the direction orthogonal to the scanning direction, that is, to the column electrode portion adjacent to the selected column electrode.

(Initialization)
When the display row electrode 21 of the cell 4 is scanned to the end and the image display by the colored layer 32 in the image display medium 1 is finished, the control unit 12 operates the initialization voltage generation unit 14 of the voltage application unit 13, An initialization voltage is applied to the display row electrodes 21A to 21C, and an alternating alternating voltage for initialization is applied to each column electrode 31. As a final pulse, for example, a positive voltage is applied to the display row electrode 21. By applying a DC voltage, the white particles 6A adhere to the inner surface of the surface substrate 2, the colored layers 32 of all cells are hidden by the particles 6A and 6B, and the initial state (entire white display state) is restored. At this time, when the image display medium 1 is viewed from the direction A, only the white screen by the white particles 6A is visible.
When the image display state is maintained, the initialization drive is performed before the next image display.

  As described above, although the case where the scan electrode is on the front substrate side has been described in the present embodiment, the scan electrode may of course be arranged on the rear substrate side.

(Effect of embodiment)
According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(A) When performing color display of the colored layer 32, since the second alternating electric field for moving the particle groups 6A and 6B in the scanning direction for applying the first alternating electric field is applied, the particles 6A and 6B are Since the pixel does not return to the already scanned pixel, it is possible to perform color display of the colored layer 32 with high contrast and display with high saturation.
(B) As the scanning by the first alternating electric field is shifted in the scanning direction 7, the visible range of the colored layer 32 is enlarged, so that gradation display by the color of the colored layer 32 can be performed.
(C) Since a plurality of pixels are set for each cell 4, a bright image with high resolution can be obtained.
In the case of monochrome display, the same DC voltage as that of the display row electrode may be applied to the particle regulating electrode. During monochrome display using particles, the particle regulating electrode can also be used as a part of the display electrode, so that the display area is not reduced.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the voltage waveform output to each electrode from a voltage application part. (A) is the first alternating voltage applied to the display row electrode, (b) is the first alternating voltage applied to the column electrode, (c) is the applied voltage to the target pixel a, and (d) is The first alternating voltage applied to adjacent pixels b and c, (d) is a diagram showing the voltage applied to adjacent pixel d. It is a figure which shows the application state of the 1st alternating voltage for displaying a colored layer in embodiment of this invention. (A) is a figure which shows the state when a white voltage has adhered to the selected display row electrode and a negative voltage is applied to this, and (b) is a black particle on the selected display row electrode. It is a figure which shows a state when a positive voltage is applied to this in the adhering state. It is a figure which shows the control method of the movement of a white particle and a black particle in the image display apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image display medium 2 Front substrate 3 Back substrate 4 Cell 5 Partition member 6A White particle 6B Black particle 10 Image display apparatus 11 Image storage part 12 Control part 13 Voltage application part 14 Voltage generation part 15 for initialization Color generation for color layer display Part 16 Particle Regulatory Voltage Generator 17 Particle Color Display Voltage Generator 20 Surface Substrate Member 21A, 21B, 21C Display Row Electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C Particle Regulator Electrode 23 Dielectric Layer 30 Back Substrate Member 31 Column Electrode 32 Colored layer

Claims (8)

An image display medium configured to arrange a plurality of cells each enclosing positively or negatively charged particles, and to have a plurality of pixels for each cell;
First electric field applying means for performing scanning for applying a first alternating electric field to the plurality of pixels in the cell in a predetermined scanning direction;
An image display apparatus comprising: a second electric field applying unit that applies a second alternating electric field that moves the particle group in the predetermined scanning direction.   The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the particle group is a plurality of types of particle groups having different colors and charging characteristics. The image display medium includes a first substrate having translucency, and a second substrate having a predetermined color disposed opposite to the first substrate,
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the particle group has a color different from the predetermined color. One of the first and second substrates has a plurality of linear first electrodes along a direction orthogonal to the predetermined scanning direction, and the predetermined scanning of each of the plurality of first electrodes. Provided with a plurality of particle regulating electrodes on the opposite side to the direction,
The other substrate of the first and second substrates includes a plurality of line-shaped second electrodes along the predetermined scanning direction,
The first electric field applying means includes a first voltage applying unit that applies a first alternating voltage between the first and second electrodes to apply the first alternating electric field,
The second electric field applying means includes a second voltage applying unit that applies a second alternating voltage between the particle regulating electrode and the second electrode to apply the second alternating electric field. The image display device according to claim 3.   The image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second alternating voltage has an absolute value of a voltage value larger than the first alternating voltage.   The image display device according to claim 5, wherein the second alternating voltage has a pulse width shorter than that of the first alternating voltage.   The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the image display medium includes a partition member that forms the plurality of cells by partitioning the first and second substrates in a direction parallel to the substrate. .   5. The plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of particle regulating electrodes are applied with the same DC voltage according to image forming data, and display by the color of the particle group is performed. The image display device described.